Marlene Zuk: What we learn from insects' sex lives
Marlene Zuk: Qué podemos aprender de la pervertida vida sexual de los insectos
Marlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves. Full bio
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a los insectos que a la muerte.
than they are of dying.
"Book of Lists" survey
del "Book of Lists", el predecesor
y lo más gracioso que hay hoy en línea.
worst, funniest lists that you see today.
as sources of fear.
6 patas como origen de las fobias.
spiders in there,
incluido a las arañas,
would have just topped the chart.
simplemente encabezado la lista.
los científicos más brillantes,
of the greatest minds in science,
de las mentes más pequeñas de la Tierra.
some of the smallest minds on Earth.
una y otra vez a los insectos?
coming back to insects?
se debe simplemente
magnitude of almost everything about them.
lo que les representa.
cualquier otro tipo de animal.
than any other kind of animal.
of insects there are,
cuántas especies de insectos hay,
are being discovered all the time.
nuevas especies continuamente.
maybe as many as 10 million.
quizá más, hasta 10 millones.
an insect-of-the-month calendar
calendarios con el insecto del mes
for over 80,000 years.
especie durante más de 80 000 años.
los insectos son esenciales.
that 1 out of every 3 bites of food
bocados de comida
descubrimientos fundamentales sobre todo,
discoveries
of our nervous systems
de nuestro sistema nervioso
nuestros genes y del ADN.
about our own behavior.
de nuestro propio comportamiento
everything that people do.
lo que hacen los humanos.
they fight, they break up.
se pelean, se separan.
like love or animosity.
amor o la misma animosidad que nosotros.
different than what drives our own,
lo que impulsa al nuestro,
can be really illuminating.
muy reveladora.
of our most consuming interests -- sex.
intereses más inmediatos: el sexo.
and I think I can defend,
y creo que podré defender
una declaración sorprendente.
interesting than sex in people.
interesante que el sexo en los humanos.
que venimos observando
some of our own assumptions
propias creencias
ser hombre y mujer.
en absoluto para reproducirse.
to have sex at all to reproduce.
of themselves without ever mating.
de sí mismos sin aparearse.
interesting than human sperm.
interesante que el humano.
el tamaño del propio cuerpo del macho.
than the male's own body.
use their sperm to compete.
usan su esperma para competir.
like the horns on these beetles.
como los cuernos de estos escarabajos.
de aparearse con su esperma.
after mating with their sperm.
that look kind of like Swiss Army knives
los caballitos del diablo parecen
con todos sus componentes desplegados.
like scoops,
los que se apareó la hembra previamente.
that the female has mated with.
of us imitating them
en el sentido de que hay que imitarlos,
an example for us to follow.
para que nosotros la sigamos.
is probably just as well.
probablemente no estaría mal.
el canibalismo sexual
is rampant among insects?
entre los insectos?
muchas de las reglas que tenemos
that we humans have about the sex roles.
dictates kind of a 1950s sitcom version
la naturaleza dicta lo que tienen
si de una comedia de 1950 se tratara.
siempre dominantes y agresivos,
supposed to be dominant and aggressive,
a los saltamontes longicornios
and grasshoppers.
los grillos y los saltamontes.
about who they mate with,
hora de elegir con quién se aparean
sperm during mating,
espermatozoides durante el apareamiento,
something called a nuptial gift.
lo que se llama un regalo nupcial.
a 2 saltamontes apareándose.
mating in these photos.
es el que está a la derecha,
the male's the one on the right,
el órgano de ovoposición de la hembra.
is the female's egg-laying organ.
desde su propio cuerpo
this from his own body
of his body mass.
un tercio de su masa corporal.
and let you think about
para que les deje tiempo de pensar
every time they had sex,
si los machos humanos,
relaciones sexuales,
that weighed 50, 60, 70 pounds.
pesa entre 20 y 30 kilogramos.
to do that very often.
este regalo nupcial.
these nuptial gifts to.
during and after mating.
y después del apareamiento.
será mejor para el macho,
the better off the male is,
tiempo para que su esperma
and fertilize her eggs.
y fertilice sus huevos.
are very passive about mating,
se tornan muy pasivos en el apareamiento,
extremadamente agresivas y competitivas,
are extremely aggressive and competitive,
el mayor número posible
nutritious nuptial gifts as they can.
a stereotypical set of rules.
de un conjunto de reglas estándar.
in the lives of a lot of insects.
no son tan importantes
las abejas, las avispas y las hormigas,
the bees and wasps and ants --
to your sugar bowl,
y vienen de su azucarero,
que revolotean de flor en flor,
from flower to flower --
their head around that idea for millennia.
de todo esto, durante milenios.
a class of bees, the drones,
una clase de abejas, los zánganos,
la pereza de estos zánganos,
of the drones' laziness
the drones just hang around the hive
alrededor de la colmena
de apareamiento; allí están los machos.
el vuelo de apareamiento,
in gathering nectar or pollen.
de néctar ni de polen.
the drones' sex,
el sexo de los zánganos,
were aware of the stinging ability of bees
de la capacidad de picar de las abejas,
arma pudiera ser una hembra.
could possibly be a female.
involucrarse también.
individuals are going to be the males ..."
que pican son los machos..."
porque eso habría significado
because that would have meant
cuidaban de los jóvenes en la colonia,
of the young in a colony,
that would be completely impossible.
completamente imposible.
tuvieran órganos de ambos sexos
bees had the organs of both sexes
some animals do that,
ya que algunos animales hacen eso,
did get it figured out.
my students, for instance,
mis alumnos por ejemplo,
incluso a los insectos, machos.
including insects, a male.
soldados del ejército de hormigas
that the ferocious army-ant soldiers
que suelen a defender la colonia
used to defend the colony,
"Antz", "Bee Movie",
Antz, Bee Movie --
de los insectos sociales como macho.
in the social insects as being male.
como Jerry Seinfeld? (Risas)
if they talk like Jerry Seinfeld?
es parte de algo más profundo
is part of a much deeper one
for medicine and health
para la medicina y la salud
lo que llamamos sistemas de modelo,
use what we call model systems,
--ratas blancas o moscas de la fruta--
white rats or fruit flies --
for all other animals, including people.
incluidos los humanos.
es válido para una persona
that what's true for a person
that turns out to be the case.
puede llevarse demasiado lejos.
of a model system too far.
as though they are the model system.
como representantes del sistema modelo.
como una especie de variante...
después de tener las bases asentadas.
after you get the basics down.
what was in front of them.
qué tenía delante de ellos.
stage was largely occupied by male players
tenían un papel menor.
minor, walk-on roles.
on a lot of what nature is like.
realmente lo que es la naturaleza misma.
natural, living things, including people,
los humanos, pueden variar.
usado machos como modelos
as models in a lot of medical research,
investigaciones médicas,
que es un problema
apliquen tanto a hombres como a mujeres.
to both men and women.
I really love about insects
encanta en los insectos
find unnerving about them.
desconcertante en ellos.
con muy poca capacidad cognitiva,
the way we normally think of it.
percibimos dicha capacidad.
but they lack complicated brains.
pero carecen de cerebros complicados.
as though they're little people
como si fueran algo insignificante
the way that we do.
cosas a nuestra manera.
antropomorfizar a los insectos,
to anthropomorphize insects,
criaturas insignificantes
like they're little people
on their own terms,
en sus propios términos,
de lo que se considera normal o natural.
what's normal and what's natural.
and talk about parallel universes.
y habla de universos paralelos.
que caminan entre nosotros.
walking among us.
why they want to dabble in the paranormal.
quiere adentrarse en lo paranormal.
unos insectos vivos?
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marlene Zuk - Evolutionary biologistMarlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves.
Why you should listen
Marlene Zuk is a biologist and writer who researches animal behavior and evolution, mostly using insects as subjects. Zuk is interested in the ways that people use animal behavior to think about human behavior, and vice versa, as well as in the public's understanding of evolution. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota -- including a seminar called “What’s the Alternative to Alternative Medicine?”
In addition to publishing numerous scientific articles, Zuk has published four books for a general audience: Sexual Selections: What We Can and Can’t Learn About Sex from Animals; Riddled with Life: Friendly Worms, Ladybug Sex, and the Parasites That Make Us Who We Are; Sex on Six Legs: Lessons on Life, Love and Language from the Insect World; and most recently, Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us About Sex, Diet and the Way We Live.
Marlene Zuk | Speaker | TED.com