Steven Pinker and Rebecca Newberger Goldstein: The long reach of reason
استیون پینکر و ربکا نیوبرگر گلدنشتاین: تواناییهای فراگیر استدلال
Rebecca Newberger Goldstein writes novels and nonfiction that explore questions of philosophy, morality and being. Full bioSteven Pinker - Psychologist
Steven Pinker is a professor of cognitive science (the study of the human mind) who writes about language, mind and human nature. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Steven Pinker: Okay.
"استیون پینکر": اوکی.
appears to have fallen on hard times:
در زمانهی دشواری قرار گرفته است.
of overeducated policy wonks,
زیادی تحصیل کرده دارند،
weapons of mass destruction?
کشتار جمعی را فراهم آورد؟
it's character and conscience,
شخصیت و وجدان ما را نجات
در مرحله بعدی استفاده میکنیم.
argument logically entail
us of reason's impotence.
ناتوانی استدلال کنید
مسابقهی زیبایی حل و فصل کنیم.
reason us into your position,
نظرتان توسط استدلال
بدون برنامهای باشد.
map to peace and harmony
به صلح و آرامش بدست بدهد،
map to conflict and strife
درگیری و مناقشه درست کند،
و حیف و میل کند؟
other's peasants as possible.
یکدیگر را میکشتند.
human nature that's changed?
طبیعت انسان تغییر کرده است؟
با قلبی مهربان قائل باشند؟
نرونهایی در مغز
در جهنم هم میتواند باشد.
یک حقیقت تلخ
up by an earthquake,
man of humanity in Europe
انسان دوست در اروپا
to make us more humane,
انسانیت ما کافی نبوده است،
استدلال.
on being treated themselves.
در تناقض بود.
from reasoned arguments
مباحث استدلالی
many books about manifest truth?
دربارهی حقایق واضح مینویسد؟
become more cruel,
می شود،
حاصل میشود.
of the human costs of war.
قوت گرفتهاند.
اگر چیزی هم به خوبی و خوشی تمام شود،
to the destruction of another.
from the plunder of another.
its existence from another's woe.
اندوه جانکاه دیگران بوجود آمدهاست.
وابسته است.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel
نوشتهی "هریت بیچر استو"
راه افتاده بود.
تتظیم شده است،
در همه مواردی
be under no other restraint
به چیزی محدود باشد
be not necessary
ضروری نباشد،
چرا برای کشور نیست.
چون منطق هر دو یکی است،
تکرار زیاد جا افتاد،
و حتا حقوق حیوانات شد.
is not, can they reason,
آنها میتوانند بفهمند
با اولی متفاوت است.
یک نوع تجاوز جنسی است.
بیشتر در
می رسد که
the population as a whole.
در کل جامعه رسوخ کنند.
them are there for all to see
در دسترس همه باشد،
و به ما نگاه کنند
could think of an example.
مثالی در این مرود پیدا کند.
روشهای پیشگیری از باردادی.
SP: Thank you.
استیون: با تشکر.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Rebecca Newberger Goldstein - Philosopher and writerRebecca Newberger Goldstein writes novels and nonfiction that explore questions of philosophy, morality and being.
Why you should listen
In her latest book, Plato at the Googleplex: Why Philosophy Won't Go Away, Rebecca Newberger Goldstein makes the case for the importance of philosophy -- even as neuroscience tells us more about our brains, and connective technologies teach us more about the world around us. It's written in the form of a Socratic dialog, a form that Goldstein is passionate about teaching and exploring.
Meanwhile, her novels, from The Mind-Body Problem (Contemporary American Fiction) to 2011's 36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction (Vintage Contemporaries), use techniques of fiction to untangle philosophical questions, such as: How should we balance heart and mind? What should we have faith in?
In 1996 Goldstein became a MacArthur Fellow, receiving the prize popularly known as the “Genius Award.” She was designated Humanist of the Year 2011 by the American Humanist Association. She's also the author of Betraying Spinoza: The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity, a combination memoir and history.
Rebecca Newberger Goldstein | Speaker | TED.com
Steven Pinker - Psychologist
Steven Pinker is a professor of cognitive science (the study of the human mind) who writes about language, mind and human nature.
Why you should listen
Steven Pinker grew up in the English-speaking community of Montreal but has spent his adult life bouncing back and forth between Harvard and MIT. He is interested in all aspects of human nature: how we see, hear, think, speak, remember, feel and interact.
To be specific: he developed the first comprehensive theory of language acquisition in children, used verb meaning as a window into cognition, probed the limits of neural networks and showed how the interaction between memory and computation shapes language. He has used evolution to illuminate innuendo, emotional expression and social coordination. He has documented historical declines in violence and explained them in terms of the ways that the violent and peaceable components of human nature interact in different eras. He has written books on the language instinct, how the mind works, the stuff of thought and the doctrine of the blank slate, together with a guide to stylish writing that is rooted in psychology.
In his latest book, Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, he writes about progress -- why people are healthier, richer, safer, happier and better educated than ever. His other books include The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature, The Stuff of Thought, and The Better Angels of Our Nature.
Steven Pinker | Speaker | TED.com