TEDIndia 2009
Shukla Bose: Teaching one child at a time
شاكل بوس: آموزش تك به تك بچه ها
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بنا به گفته شاكل بوس آموزش افراد فقير چيزی فراتر از به كارگيری چند بازی است. اواز داستان بنيان خلاقانه بشر دوستانه اش، پاريكرما می گويد، بنيانی كه با كذشتن از آمار های ترسناك روش های آموزشی گذشته و تمركز بر آموزش فردی بچه ها، اميد را به فقير نشينان هند بازگردانده است.
Shukla Bose - Education activist
Shukla Bose is the founder and head of the Parikrma Humanity Foundation, a nonprofit that runs four extraordinary schools for poor children. Full bio
Shukla Bose is the founder and head of the Parikrma Humanity Foundation, a nonprofit that runs four extraordinary schools for poor children. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm standing in front of you today
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من امروز با خصوع كامل
00:19
in all humility,
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در برابر شما ايستادم و
00:21
wanting to share with you
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می خوام تا با شما
00:23
my journey of the last six years
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تجربه شش سال گذشته ام رو
00:26
in the field of service
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در زمينه آموزش و خدمات
00:28
and education.
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به اشتراك بذارم.
00:30
And I'm not a trained academic.
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من يك تحصيل كرده دانشگاهی نيستم
00:33
Neither am I a veteran social worker.
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يك كارگر قهار اجتماعی هم نيستم.
00:36
I was 26 years in the corporate world,
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حدود ۲۶ سال در دنيای شركت های بزرگ
00:39
trying to make organizations profitable.
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مشغول سازماندهی شركت ها برای سودآوری بودم.
00:42
And then in 2003
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تا اينكه در سال ۲۰۰۳
00:44
I started Parikrma Humanity Foundation
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بنياد بشردوستانه پاريكما رو
00:48
from my kitchen table.
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از پشت ميز آشپزخانه ام راه اندازی كردم.
00:50
The first thing that we did was walk through the slums.
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اول از همه رفتيم تو دل محله های فقير نشين.
00:54
You know, by the way, there are two million people
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حتما می دونيد كه حدود دو ميليون نفر در بانگلور
00:57
in Bangalore, who live in 800 slums.
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در ۸۰۰ محله فقير نشين زندگی مي كنند.
01:02
We couldn't go to all the slums,
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نمی تونستيم به همه محله های فقير نشين بريم
01:05
but we tried to cover as much as we could.
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ولی سعی كرديم تا اونجا كه می شد رو پوشش بديم.
01:07
We walked through these slums,
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به يه همچين جاهايی رفتيم ،
01:09
identified houses where children would never go to school.
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به خونه های شناخته شده ای كه در اونها بچه ها هيچ وقت به مدرسه نمی رند.
01:14
We talked to the parents,
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با والدينشون صحبت كرديم
01:16
tried to convince them about sending their children to school.
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و سعی كرديم تا اونها را قانع كنيم تا بچه هاشون رو بفرستن مدرسه.
01:20
We played with the children,
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با بچه ها بازی می كرديم و
01:22
and came back home really tired,
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شب خسته و كوفته بر می گشتيم خونه.
01:25
exhausted, but with images
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با اينكه خسته بوديم با تصوير
01:28
of bright faces, twinkling eyes,
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چهره های بشاش و چشمان براق بچه ها
01:31
and went to sleep.
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به خواب مي رفتيم.
01:34
We were all excited to start,
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مشتاقانه می خواستيم كار رو شروع كنيم
01:37
but the numbers hit us then:
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اما با سيلی از جمعيت روبرو شديم:
01:41
200 million children
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۲۰۰ ميليون بچه
01:43
between four to 14 that
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بين ۴ تا ۱۴ سال
01:45
should be going to school, but do not;
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كه بايد به مدرسه می رفتند اما نمی رفتند.
01:47
100 million children
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۱۰۰ ميليون بچه هم
01:49
who go to school but cannot read;
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با اينكه به مدرسه می رفتند اما خوندن بلد نبودند:
01:52
125 million who cannot do basic maths.
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۱۲ ميليون هم چهار عمل اصلی رو هم بلد نبودند.
01:57
We also heard that 250 billion Indian rupees
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شنيده بوديم كه حدود ۲۵۰ ميليارد روپيه هندی
02:02
was dedicated for government schooling.
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برای مدارس دولتی اختصاص داده شده بود.
02:05
Ninety percent of it was spent on teachers' salary
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از اين مقدار ۹ درصد برای حقوق معلمان و
02:08
and administrators' salary.
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مديران و ناظمان بود،
02:10
And yet, India has nearly
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خوبه بدونيد كه هند تقريبا
02:12
the highest teacher absenteeism
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بالاترين ميزان غيبت معلمان رو
02:15
in the world,
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در دنيا داره.
02:17
with one out of four teachers
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چيزی در حدود يكي از هر چهار معلم
02:19
not going to school at all the entire academic year.
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در كل طول سال تحصيلی به مدسه نمی روند.
02:23
Those numbers were absolutely mind-boggling,
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اين اعداد واقعا مغز آدم را متلاشی می کنه
02:27
overwhelming, and we were constantly asked,
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بیش از حد انتظار بزرگ بود، مدام از خودمون می پرسيديم
02:30
"When will you start? How many schools will you start?
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"كی شروع مي كنيم؟ با چندتا مدرسه شروع مي كنيم؟
02:33
How many children will you get?
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چندتا بچه رو تحت پوشش قرار می ديم؟
02:35
How are you going to scale?
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چه جوری مي خواهيم تخمين بزنيم؟
02:37
How are you going to replicate?"
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چه جوری ميخواهيم رشد كنيم؟
02:39
It was very difficult not to get scared, not to get daunted.
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اين خيلی مهم بود كه نترسيم و جا نزنيم.
02:43
But we dug our heels
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and said, "We're not in the number game.
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We want to take one child at a time
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and take the child right through school,
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02:55
sent to college,
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and get them prepared for better living,
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03:01
a high value job."
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03:04
So, we started Parikrma.
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03:07
The first Parikrma school
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started in a slum
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where there were 70,000 people
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living below the poverty line.
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03:17
Our first school was
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on a rooftop of a building inside the slums,
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a second story building, the only second story building
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inside the slums.
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And that rooftop did not have
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any ceiling, only half a tin sheet.
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That was our first school. One hundred sixty-five children.
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03:40
Indian academic year begins in June.
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So, June it rains, so many a times
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all of us would be huddled under the tin roof,
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waiting for the rain to stop.
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My God! What a bonding exercise that was.
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And all of us
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that were under that roof are still here together today.
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Then came the second school,
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the third school, the fourth school
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and a junior college.
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In six years now,
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we have four schools, one junior college,
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1,100 children
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coming from 28 slums
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and four orphanages.
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04:20
(Applause)
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Our dream is very simple:
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to send each of these kids, get them prepared
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to be educated
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but also to live peacefully,
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contented in this conflict-ridden
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chaotic globalized world.
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Now, when you talk global
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you have to talk English.
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And so all our schools
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are English medium schools.
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But they know there is this myth
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that children from the slums
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cannot speak English well.
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No one in their family has spoken English.
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No one in their generation has spoken English.
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05:03
But how wrong it is.
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Girl: I like adventurous books, and some of my favorites
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are Alfred Hitchcock and [unclear]
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and Hardy Boys.
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Although they are like
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in different contexts,
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one is magical, the other two are like investigation,
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I like those books because
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they have something special in them.
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The vocabulary used in those books
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and the style of writing.
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I mean like once I pick up one book
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I cannot put it down until I finish the whole book.
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Even if it takes me four and a half hours,
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or three and half hours to finish my book, I do it.
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Boy: I did good research and I got the information
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[on the] world's fastest cars.
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I like Ducati ZZ143,
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because it is the fastest,
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the world's fastest bike,
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and I like Pulsar 220 DTSI
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because it is India's fastest bike. (Laughter)
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06:04
Shukla Bose: Well, that girl that you saw,
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her father sells flowers on the roadside.
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And this little boy has been coming to school for five years.
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But isn't it strange that little boys all over the world
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love fast bikes? (Laughter)
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He hasn't seen one, he hasn't ridden one, of course,
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but he has done a lot of research through Google search.
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You know, when we started with our English medium schools
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we also decided to adopt
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the best curriculum possible,
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the ICSE curriculum.
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And again, there were people who laughed at me
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and said, "Don't be crazy
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choosing such a tough curriculum for these students.
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They'll never be able to cope."
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Not only do our children cope very well,
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but they excel in it.
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You should just come across to see
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how well our children do.
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There is also this myth that
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parents from the slums
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are not interested in their children going to school;
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they'd much rather put them to work.
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That's absolute hogwash.
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All parents all over the world
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want their children to lead a better life than themselves,
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but they need to believe that change is possible.
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Video: (Hindi)
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SB: We have 80 percent attendance
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for all our parents-teachers meeting.
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Sometimes it's even 100 percent,
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much more than many privileged schools.
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Fathers have started to attend.
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It's very interesting. When we started our school
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the parents would give thumbprints in the attendance register.
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Now they have started writing their signature.
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The children have taught them.
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It's amazing how much children can teach.
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08:28
We have, a few months ago,
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actually late last year,
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we had a few mothers who came to us and said,
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"You know, we want to learn how to read and write.
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Can you teach us?" So, we started an afterschool
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for our parents, for our mothers.
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We had 25 mothers who came regularly
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after school to study.
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We want to continue with this program
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and extend it to all our other schools.
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Ninety-eight percent of our fathers are alcoholics.
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So, you can imagine how traumatized
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and how dysfunctional the houses are where our children come from.
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We have to send the fathers to de-addiction labs
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and when they come back,
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most times sober, we have to find a job for them
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so that they don't regress.
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We have about three fathers who have been trained to cook.
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We have taught them nutrition, hygiene.
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09:26
We have helped them set up the kitchen
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and now they are supplying food to all our children.
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They do a very good job because
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their children are eating their food,
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but most importantly this is the first time
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they have got respect,
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and they feel that they are doing something worthwhile.
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More than 90 percent of our non-teaching staff
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are all parents and extended families.
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We've started many programs
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just to make sure that the child comes to school.
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Vocational skill program for the older siblings
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so the younger ones are not stopped from coming to school.
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There is also this myth that children from the slums
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cannot integrate with mainstream.
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Take a look at this little girl
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who was one of the 28 children
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from all privileged schools,
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best schools in the country
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that was selected for the Duke University
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talent identification program
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and was sent to IIM Ahmedabad.
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Video: Girl: Duke IIMA Camp. Whenever we see that IIMA,
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it was such a pride for us to go to that camp.
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Everybody was very friendly,
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especially I got a lot of friends.
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And I felt that my English has improved a lot
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going there and chatting with friends.
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There they met children who are
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with a different standard and
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a different mindset, a totally different society.
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I mingled with almost everyone.
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They were very friendly.
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I had very good friends there,
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who are from Delhi, who are from Mumbai.
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Even now we are in touch through Facebook.
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After this Ahmedabad trip
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I've been like a totally different
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mingling with people and all of those.
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Before that I feel like I wasn't like this.
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I don't even mingle, or start speaking with someone so quickly.
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My accent with English improved a lot.
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And I learned football, volleyball,
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Frisbee, lots of games.
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And I wouldn't want to go to Bangalore. Let me stay here.
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Such beautiful food,
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I enjoyed it. It was so beautiful.
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I enjoyed eating food like
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[unclear] would come and ask me,
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"Yes ma'am, what you want?" It was so good to hear!
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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SB: This girl was working as a maid
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before she came to school.
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And today she wants to be a neurologist.
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Our children are doing brilliantly in sports.
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They are really excelling.
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There is an inter-school athletic competition
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that is held every year
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in Bangalore, where 5,000 children participate
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from 140 best schools in the city.
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We've got the best school award for three years successively.
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And our children are coming back home
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with bags full of medals, with lots of admirers and friends.
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Last year there were a couple of kids
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from elite schools that came
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to ask for admissions in our school.
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We also have our very own dream team.
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Why is this happening? Why this confidence?
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Is it the exposure? We have professors
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from MIT, Berkeley, Stanford,
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Indian Institute of Science
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who come and teach our children lots of scientific formulas,
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experiments, much beyond the classroom.
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Art, music are considered
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therapy and mediums of expression.
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We also believe that
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it's the content that is more important.
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It is not the infrastructure,
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not the toilets, not the libraries,
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but it is what actually happens in this school
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that is more important.
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Creating an environment of learning,
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of inquiry, of exploration
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is what is true education.
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When we started Parikrma
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we had no idea which direction we were taking.
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We didn't hire McKinsey to do a business plan.
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But we know for sure that
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what we want to do today is
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take one child at a time,
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not get bogged with numbers,
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and actually see the child complete
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the circle of life,
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and unleash his total potential.
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We do not believe in scale
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because we believe in quality,
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and scale and numbers will automatically happen.
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We have corporates that have stood behind us,
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and we are able to, now, open more schools.
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But we began with the idea
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of one child at a time.
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This is five-year-old Parusharam.
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He was begging
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by a bus stop a few years ago,
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got picked up and is now in an orphanage,
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has been coming to school for the last four and a half months.
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He's in kindergarten.
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He has learned how to speak English.
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We have a model by which kids can speak English
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and understand English
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in three month's time.
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He can tell you stories in English
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of the thirsty crow, of the crocodile
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and of the giraffe.
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And if you ask him what he likes to do
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he will say, "I like sleeping.
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I like eating. I like playing."
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And if you ask him what he wants to do,
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he will say, "I want to horsing."
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Now, "horsing" is going for a horse ride.
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So, Parusharam comes to my office every day.
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He comes for a tummy rub,
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because he believes that will give me luck. (Laughter)
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When I started Parikrma
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I began with a great deal of arrogance
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of transforming the world.
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But today I have been transformed.
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I have been changed with my children.
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I've learned so much from them:
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love, compassion, imagination
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and such creativity.
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Parusharam is Parikrma
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with a simple beginning but a long way to go.
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I promise you, Parusharam
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will speak in the TED conference a few years from now.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shukla Bose - Education activistShukla Bose is the founder and head of the Parikrma Humanity Foundation, a nonprofit that runs four extraordinary schools for poor children.
Why you should listen
The word "Parikrma" implies a full revolution, a complete path around -- and Shukla Bose's Parikrma Humanity Foundation offers literally that to kids in poor urban areas around Bangalore. Parikrma's four Schools of Hope teach the full, standard Indian curriculum to children who might not otherwise see the inside of a classroom, with impressive results. Equally important, the schools build an "end-to-end" environment that supports learning -- offering lunch every day, health-care and family support. Beyond these schools, Parikrma has inaugurated several afterschool programs and has plans for setting up a central teacher-training hub.
Bose left behind a corporate career in 1992 to found Parikrma with a small group of friends. The nonprofit holds itself to formal business goals and strict accountability, and has developed some clever fundraising and marketing campaigns. As Bose puts it, the goal of Parikrma is to help build a better India by tapping its greatest strength: the vitality and potential of its people.
Shukla Bose | Speaker | TED.com