TEDGlobal 2010
Patrick Chappatte: The power of cartoons
Patrick Chappatte: O poder das viñetas.
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Cunha serie de inxeniosos chistes, Patrick Chappatte plantexa de forma conmovedora o poder dunha simple caricatura. Os seus proxectos no Líbano, no oeste de África e en Gaza mostran como, en boas mans, o lápis pode iluminar os temas máis serios e xuntar á xente máis dispar.
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonist
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So yeah, I'm a newspaper cartoonist --
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Si, fago caricaturas para os xornais,
00:18
political cartoonist.
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son un debuxante político.
00:20
I don't know if you've heard about it -- newspapers?
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Non sei se oístes falar dos xornais...
00:23
It's a sort of paper-based reader.
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Son unha especie de "lectores en papel"
00:26
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
00:29
It's lighter than an iPad,
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Pesan menos ca un iPad.
00:31
it's a bit cheaper.
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É un pouco máis barato
00:34
You know what they say?
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¿Sabedes o que se di?
00:36
They say the print media is dying --
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Dise que os medios impresos están morrendo.
00:39
who says that? Well, the media.
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¿Que quen o di? Pois...os medios.
00:42
But this is no news, right?
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Pero non é nada novo, ¿non?
00:45
You've read about it already.
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Xa leriades sobre isto.
00:48
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
00:53
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Señoras e señores,
00:55
the world has gotten smaller.
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o mundo estase a facer máis pequeno.
00:57
I know it's a cliche, but look,
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Sei que é un cliché, pero mirade,
01:00
look how small,
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mirade cómo de pequeno,
01:03
how tiny it has gotten.
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cómo de diminuto se fixo.
01:05
And you know the reason why, of course.
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E sabedes a razón, por suposto.
01:07
This is because of technology -- yeah.
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A razón é a tecnoloxía. Si.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:13
Any computer designers in the room?
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¿Hai algún deseñador de ordenadores na sala?
01:17
Yeah well,
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Si, ben,
01:19
you guys are making my life miserable
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pois sabede que estades convertindo a miña vida nun inferno,
01:22
because track pads used to be round,
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porque antes os track pads eran redondos,
01:24
a nice round shape.
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dunha bonita forma circular.
01:26
That makes a good cartoon.
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Con iso pódese facer unha boa viñeta.
01:28
But what are you going to do with a flat track pad,
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Pero que podes facer cun track pad plano?
01:30
those square things?
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Con esas cousas cadradas?
01:32
There's nothing I can do as a cartoonist.
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Como debuxante non podo facer nada.
01:34
Well, I know the world is flat now.
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Bueno, xa sei que agora o mundo é plano.
01:37
That's true.
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É certo.
01:38
And the Internet has reached
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E Internet chegou
01:40
every corner of the world,
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a tódolos recunchos do mundo,
01:42
the poorest, the remotest places.
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aos lugares máis pobres e remotos.
01:44
Every village in Africa now has a cyber cafe.
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Agora todas as vilas de África teñen un ciber-café.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
01:55
Don't go asking for a Frappuccino there.
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Non pidades un Frappuccino alí.
01:59
So we are bridging the digital divide.
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Isto significa que estamos reducindo a brecha dixital.
02:02
The Third World is connected,
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O Terceiro Mundo está conectado.
02:04
we are connected.
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Nós estamos conectados.
02:06
And what happens next?
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¿E agora que?
02:08
Well, you've got mail.
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Bon, recibes e-mails.
02:13
Yeah.
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Si.
02:15
Well, the Internet has empowered us.
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Internet fíxonos máis poderosos.
02:18
It has empowered you,
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Deuvos poder,
02:20
it has empowered me
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deume poder a min,
02:22
and it has empowered some other guys as well.
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e tamén lles deu poder a uns cantos máis.
02:26
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
02:31
You know, these last two cartoons --
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Estas dúas últimas viñetas,
02:33
I did them live
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fíxenas en tempo real
02:35
during a conference in Hanoi.
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nunha conferencia en Hanoi.
02:37
And they were not used to that
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E non estaban afeitos a iso
02:40
in communist 2.0 Vietnam.
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no Vietnam comunista 2.0.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
02:45
So I was cartooning live on a wide screen --
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Estaba debuxando nunha pantalla ancha
02:48
it was quite a sensation --
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era algo bastante impresionante,
02:50
and then this guy came to me.
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e entón achegóuseme un tipo.
02:52
He was taking pictures of me and of my sketches,
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Estaba facéndome fotos a min e aos meus debuxos,
02:54
and I thought, "This is great, a Vietnamese fan."
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e pensei: "Que ben, un fan vietnamita."
02:58
And as he came the second day,
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Cando volveu o segundo día,
03:00
I thought, "Wow, that's really a cartoon lover."
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pensei: "Vaia, pois si que lle gustan as viñetas."
03:03
And on the third day, I finally understood,
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E ao terceiro día, por fin me dei de conta
03:05
the guy was actually on duty.
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de que o home en realidade estaba traballando.
03:09
So by now, there must be a hundred pictures of me
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Polo que agora debe haber cen fotografías miñas
03:11
smiling with my sketches
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sorrindo cos meus debuxos
03:13
in the files of the Vietnamese police.
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nos arquivos da policía vietnamita.
03:16
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
03:18
No, but it's true: the Internet has changed the world.
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É certo: Internet cambiou o mundo.
03:21
It has rocked the music industry;
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Desestabilizou a industria musical.
03:23
it has changed the way we consume music.
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Cambiou o xeito que temos de consumir música.
03:25
For those of you old enough to remember,
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Os que tedes idade suficiente lembraredes
03:27
we used to have to go to the store
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que antes tiñamos que ir á tenda
03:29
to steal it.
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para roubar música.
03:31
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
03:35
And it has changed the way
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E tamén cambiou a maneira
03:37
your future employer
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na que o teu futuro xefe
03:39
will look at your application.
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estudiará a túa solicitude de emprego.
03:41
So be careful
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Así que tede coidado
03:43
with that Facebook account --
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coas contas de Facebook.
03:46
your momma told you, be careful.
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Xa volo dixeron as vosas nais: "tede coidado".
03:50
And technology has set us free --
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A tecnoloxía tamén nos fixo libres.
03:54
this is free WiFi.
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Isto é WiFi gratis.
03:56
But yeah, it has liberated us
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Si. A tecnoloxía liberounos
03:58
from the office desk.
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da mesa da oficina.
04:01
This is your life,
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Esta é a túa vida.
04:04
enjoy it.
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Gózaa.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
04:09
In short, technology, the internet,
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Resumindo, a tecnoloxía, Internet,
04:12
they have changed our lifestyle.
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cambiaron a nosa forma de vida.
04:15
Tech guru, like this man --
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Os gurús da tecnoloxía, como este home
04:17
that a German magazine called the philosopher of the 21st century --
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ao que unha revista alemana chamou "o filósofo do século XXI",
04:20
they are shaping the way we do things.
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están modelando o xeito que temos de facer as cousas.
04:22
They are shaping the way we consume.
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Están modelando o xeito que temos de consumir.
04:24
They are shaping our very desires.
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Están modelando os nosos desexos.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
04:31
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
04:38
You will not like it.
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Non vos vai gustar.
04:42
And technology has even changed
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A tecnoloxía mesmo cambiou
04:44
our relationship to God.
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a nosa relación con Deus.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
04:53
Now I shouldn't get into this.
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Bon, non debería meterme nisto.
04:55
Religion and political cartoons,
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As viñetas relixiosas e políticas,
04:57
as you may have heard,
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como xa teredes oído,
04:59
make a difficult couple,
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son unha parella complicada,
05:01
ever since that day of 2005,
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dende aquel día de 2005,
05:03
when a bunch of cartoonists in Denmark
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cando uns cantos debuxantes de Dinamarca
05:05
drew cartoons that had repercussions all over the world --
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fixeron unhas viñetas que tiveron repercusión mundial,
05:08
demonstrations, fatwa,
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manifestacións, fatwa.
05:10
they provoked violence. People died in the violence.
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Provocaron violencia. Houbo xente que morreu por iso.
05:13
This was so sickening;
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Foi horrible.
05:15
people died because of cartoons.
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Morreron persoas por culpa dunhas caricaturas.
05:19
I mean --
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Quero dicir...
05:23
I had the feeling at the time
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Nese momento tiven a impresión
05:25
that cartoons had been used by both sides, actually.
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de que as viñetas foran empregadas polas dúas partes, en realidade.
05:28
They were used first by a Danish newspaper,
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Primeiro, por un xornal danés,
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which wanted to make a point on Islam.
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que quería dar unha opinión sobre o Islam.
05:32
A Danish cartoonist told me he was one of the 24
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Un debuxante danés contoume que el fora un dos 24
05:35
who received the assignment to draw the prophet --
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que recibiron o encargo de caricaturizar ao profeta.
05:37
12 of them refused. Did you know that?
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E 12 rexeitárono. ¿Sabiades iso?
05:40
He told me, "Nobody has to tell me what I should draw.
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Díxome: "Ninguén me di o que teño que debuxar.
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This is not how it works."
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Isto non funciona así."
05:45
And then, of course, they were used
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E despois, claro, empregáronas
05:47
by extremists and politicians on the other side.
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os extremistas e políticos da outra parte.
05:50
They wanted to stir up controversy.
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Querían crear polémica.
05:52
You know the story.
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Xa coñecedes a historia.
05:55
We know that cartoons can be used as weapons.
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Sabemos que os debuxos poden empregarse como armas.
05:58
History tells us,
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A mesma Historia nolo di,
06:00
they've been used by the Nazis
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os Nazis empregáronos
06:02
to attack the Jews.
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para atacar aos xudeus.
06:04
And here we are now.
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E volvémolo a ver aquí agora.
06:06
In the United Nations,
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Nas Nacións Unidas,
06:08
half of the world is pushing
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medio mundo está presionando
06:11
to penalize the offense to religion --
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para penalizar as ofensas á relixión,
06:13
they call it the defamation of religion --
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chámanlle "difamación da relixión",
06:15
while the other half of the world is fighting back
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mentres que a outra metade do mundo loita
06:17
in defense of freedom of speech.
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pola defensa da liberdade de expresión.
06:20
So the clash of civilizations is here,
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Así que temos aquí o choque de civilizacións,
06:22
and cartoons are at the middle of it?
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e as viñetas están no medio del?
06:26
This got me thinking.
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Isto fíxome pensar.
06:29
Now you see me thinking
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Aquí védesme pensando
06:31
at my kitchen table,
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na mesa da miña cociña.
06:33
and since you're in my kitchen,
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E xa que estades na miña cociña,
06:35
please meet my wife.
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preséntovos á miña muller.
06:37
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
06:43
In 2006, a few months after,
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No 2006, uns meses despois,
06:46
I went Ivory Coast --
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fun a Costa do Marfil,
06:48
Western Africa.
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no oeste de África.
06:50
Now, talk of a divided place -- the country was cut in two.
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Falando de lugares divididos... O país estaba partido en dous.
06:53
You had a rebellion in the North,
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Había unha rebelión no norte,
06:55
the government in the South -- the capital, Abidjan --
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o goberno no sur, na antiga capital, Abidjan,
06:57
and in the middle, the French army.
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e no medio, o exército francés.
07:00
This looks like a giant hamburger.
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Parece unha hamburguesa xigante.
07:02
You don't want to be the ham in the middle.
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Non queredes ser o xamón que vai no medio.
07:07
I was there to report on that story
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Estaba alí para informar sobre a situación
07:09
in cartoons.
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en viñetas.
07:11
I've been doing this for the last 15 years;
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Levo facendo isto os últimos 15 anos.
07:14
it's my side job, if you want.
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É o meu traballo alternativo, por así dicilo.
07:16
So you see the style is different.
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Vedes que o estilo é diferente.
07:18
This is more serious than maybe editorial cartooning.
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Se callar é máis serio cas caricaturas editoriais.
07:21
I went to places like Gaza
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Fun a lugares como Gaza
07:24
during the war in 2009.
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durante a guerra de 2009.
07:27
So this is really journalism in cartoons.
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Así que isto é realmente xornalismo en viñetas.
07:29
You'll hear more and more about it.
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Cada vez oiredes falar máis del.
07:31
This is the future of journalism, I think.
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Creo que é o futuro do xornalismo.
07:35
And of course, I went to see the rebels in the north.
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Fun ver aos rebeldes do norte, por suposto.
07:38
Those were poor guys fighting for their rights.
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Eran homes pobres loitando polos seus dereitos.
07:40
There was an ethnic side to this conflict
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Este conflito era en parte étnico,
07:42
as very often in Africa.
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como é habitual en África.
07:45
And I went to see the Dozo.
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E fun ver aos Dozo.
07:47
The Dozo, they are the traditional hunters
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Son os cazadores tradicionais
07:49
of West Africa.
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do oeste de África.
07:51
People fear them --
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A xente tenlles medo.
07:53
they help the rebellion a lot.
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Axudan moito aos rebeldes.
07:55
They are believed to have magical powers.
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Pénsase que teñen poderes máxicos.
07:57
They can disappear and escape bullets.
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Poden desaparecer e escapar das balas.
08:01
I went to see a Dozo chief;
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Fun ver a un xefe dos Dozo.
08:03
he told me about his magical powers.
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Faloume dos seus poderes máxicos.
08:06
He said, "I can chop your head off right away
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Díxome: "Podo cortarche a cabeza agora mesmo
08:09
and bring you back to life."
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e resucitarte."
08:12
I said, "Well, maybe we don't have time for this right now."
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Eu díxenlle: "Bon, creo que non temos tempo para iso."
08:15
(Laughter)
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(Risas)
08:17
"Another time."
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"Mellor noutra ocasión."
08:19
So back in Abidjan,
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De volta en Abidjan,
08:22
I was given a chance to lead a workshop
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tiven a oportunidade de dirixir un taller
08:24
with local cartoonists there
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no que participaban caricaturistas locais
08:26
and I thought, yes,
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e pensei: si,
08:28
in a context like this, cartoons can really be used as weapons
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nun contexto coma este, as viñetas realmente poden usarse como armas
08:31
against the other side.
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contra o outro bando.
08:33
I mean, the press in Ivory Coast was bitterly divided --
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Refírome a que a prensa na Costa do Marfil estaba tremendamente dividida.
08:37
it was compared to the media in Rwanda
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Era comparable aos medios en Ruanda
08:39
before the genocide --
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antes do xenocidio.
08:41
so imagine.
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Imaxinádevos.
08:43
And what can a cartoonist do?
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E que pode facer un caricaturista?
08:45
Sometimes editors would tell their cartoonists
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Ás veces os editores dinlles aos seus caricaturistas
08:47
to draw what they wanted to see,
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que debuxen o que eles queren ver.
08:49
and the guy has to feed his family, right?
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E o tipo ten que alimentar á familia, non?
08:53
So the idea was pretty simple.
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Así que a idea era moi sinxela.
08:55
We brought together cartoonists
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Reunimos a caricaturistas
08:58
from all sides in Ivory Coast.
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de toda Costa do Marfil.
09:01
We took them away from their newspaper for three days.
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Afastámolos dos seus xornais durante tres días.
09:04
And I asked them to do a project together,
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E pedinlles que fixesen un proxecto xuntos
09:07
tackle the issues affecting their country
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abordando os temas que afectaban ao seu país,
09:10
in cartoons, yes, in cartoons.
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en viñetas, si, en viñetas.
09:13
Show the positive power of cartoons.
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Ensinar o poder positivo das viñetas.
09:15
It's a great tool of communication
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Son un instrumento de comunicación moi bo,
09:17
for bad or for good.
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para ben ou para mal.
09:19
And cartoons can cross boundaries,
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As viñetas atravesan fronteiras,
09:21
as you have seen.
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como xa vistes.
09:23
And humor is a good way, I think,
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E penso que o humor é un bo xeito
09:25
to address serious issues.
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de tratar os temas serios.
09:28
And I'm very proud of what they did.
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E estou moi orgulloso do que fixeron.
09:30
I mean, they didn't agree with each other -- that was not the point.
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En fin, non estaban de acordo os uns cos outros, non se trataba diso.
09:33
And I didn't ask them to do nice cartoons.
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E non lles pedín que fixesen viñetas bonitas.
09:35
The first day, they were even shouting at each other.
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O primeiro día incluso berraban os uns cos outros.
09:37
But they came up with a book,
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Pero fixeron un libro
09:39
looking back at 13 years
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que é unha retrospectiva de 13 anos
09:42
of political crisis in Ivory Coast.
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da crise política en Costa do Marfil.
09:45
So the idea was there.
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Esa era a idea.
09:47
And I've been doing projects like this,
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E estiven facendo proxectos así,
09:49
in 2009 in Lebanon,
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no 2009 no Líbano,
09:51
this year in Kenya, back in January.
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en xaneiro deste ano en Kenia.
09:54
In Lebanon, it was not a book.
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No Líbano, non era un libro.
09:56
The idea was to have --
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A idea era ter
09:58
the same principal, a divided country --
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o mesmo tema, un país dividido,
10:00
take cartoonists from all sides
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reunir a caricaturistas de tódolos bandos
10:02
and let them do something together.
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e deixalos facer algo xuntos.
10:04
So in Lebanon,
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Así que no Líbano
10:06
we enrolled the newspaper editors,
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convencimos aos editores de xornais
10:08
and we got them to publish
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e conseguimos que publicasen
10:10
eight cartoonists from all sides all together on the same page,
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a 8 caricaturistas de tódolos bandos xuntos na mesma páxina
10:13
addressing the issue affecting Lebanon,
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abordando os temas que afectaban ao Líbano,
10:16
like religion in politics and everyday life.
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como a relixión na política e a vida cotiá.
10:19
And it worked.
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E funcionou.
10:21
For three days, almost all the newspapers of Beirut
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Durante tres días, case tódolos xornais de Beirut
10:24
published all those cartoonists together --
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publicaron a todos eses debuxantes xuntos:
10:26
anti-government,
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anti-gubernamentais,
10:28
pro-government,
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pro-gubernamentais,
10:30
Christian,
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cristiáns,
10:33
Muslim, of course,
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musulmáns, por suposto,
10:35
English-speaking, well, you name it.
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anglófonos... de todo.
10:37
So this was a great project.
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Así que foi un gran proxecto.
10:39
And then in Kenya, what we did
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E despois en Kenia, o que fixemos
10:42
was addressing the issue of ethnicity,
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foi tratar o tema da identidade étnica,
10:44
which is a poison in a lot of places in Africa.
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que é un veleno en moitos lugares de África.
10:47
And we did video clips --
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E fixemos videoclips.
10:50
you can see them if you go to YouTube/Kenyatoons.
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Podédelos ver se ides a YouTube/KenyaTunes.
10:57
So, preaching for freedom of speech
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Predicar a liberdade de expresión
10:59
is easy here,
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aquí é sinxelo,
11:01
but as you have seen
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pero como vistes
11:03
in contexts of repression or division,
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en contextos de represión ou división,
11:06
again, what can a cartoonist do?
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repito: que pode facer un caricaturista?
11:08
He has to keep his job.
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Ten que conservar o seu traballo.
11:12
Well I believe that in any context anywhere,
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Bon, penso que en calquer contexto e en calquera parte,
11:15
he always has the choice at least
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sempre ten a opción, polo menos,
11:17
not to do a cartoon
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de non facer unha viñeta
11:19
that will feed hatred.
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que alimente o odio.
11:22
And that's the message I try to convey to them.
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E esa é a mensaxe que intento transmitirlles.
11:25
I think we all always have the choice in the end
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Creo que ao fin todos temos sempre a opción
11:28
not to do the bad thing.
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de non facer o que está mal.
11:32
But we need to support
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Pero nós temos que apoiar
11:34
these [unclear], critical
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a esas voces críticas
11:36
and responsible voices
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e responsables
11:39
in Africa, in Lebanon,
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en África, no Líbano,
11:41
in your local newspaper,
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no voso xornal local,
11:44
in the Apple store.
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na "Apple Store".
11:48
Today, tech companies
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Hoxe en día, as empresas tecnolóxicas
11:50
are the world's largest editors.
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son os maiores editores do mundo.
11:53
They decide what is too offensive
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Deciden o que é demasiado ofensivo
11:55
or too provocative for you to see.
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ou demasiado provocativo para que vexades.
11:57
So really, it's not about the freedom of cartoonists;
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De verdade, non se trata da liberdade dos caricaturistas,
12:00
it's about your freedoms.
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trátase das vosas liberdades.
12:03
And for dictators all over the world,
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E para os dictadores de todo o mundo,
12:09
the good news
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as boas novas
12:11
is when cartoonists,
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chegan cando os caricaturistas,
12:13
journalists and activists shut up.
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xornalistas e activistas calan.
12:18
Thank you.
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Grazas.
12:20
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonistUsing clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.
Why you should listen
Patrick Chappatte is a global soul. Born in Pakistan to a Lebanese mother and a Swiss father, raised in Singapore, he has lived in New York and lives now in Geneva, Switzerland. Perhaps this explains his way of looking at world events, applying the unfettered perspective of humor to the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.
His simple line delivers pointed jokes. He draws for The International Herald Tribune (in English) and for the Swiss newspapers Le Temps (in French) and NZZ am Sonntag (in German), and in all three languages the subtle insightfulness of his cartoons consistently robs you of a laugh, or more.
Patrick Chappatte | Speaker | TED.com