TEDGlobal 2010
Patrick Chappatte: The power of cartoons
Patrick Chappatte: Moć karikatura
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U seriji dosjetljivih šala, Patrick Chappatte ukazuje na moć skromne karikature. Njegovi projekti u Libanonu, Zapadnoj Africi i Gazi pokazuju kako, u pravim rukama, olovka može razjasniti ozbiljne probleme i spojiti na prvi pogled nespojive osobe.
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonist
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio
Using clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So yeah, I'm a newspaper cartoonist --
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Dakle, da ja sam novinski karikaturist --
00:18
political cartoonist.
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politički karikaturist.
00:20
I don't know if you've heard about it -- newspapers?
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Ne znam ako ste čuli za njih -- novine?
00:23
It's a sort of paper-based reader.
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To je vrsta monitora na papiru.
00:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:29
It's lighter than an iPad,
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Lakši od iPad-a.
00:31
it's a bit cheaper.
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Mrvicu jeftiniji.
00:34
You know what they say?
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Znate li što govore?
00:36
They say the print media is dying --
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Da tiskani medij polako izumire.
00:39
who says that? Well, the media.
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Tko to govori? Pa mediji.
00:42
But this is no news, right?
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No to nije nikakva novost, zar ne?
00:45
You've read about it already.
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Vjerojatno ste čitali o tome.
00:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:53
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Dame i gospodo,
00:55
the world has gotten smaller.
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svijet je upravo postao manji.
00:57
I know it's a cliche, but look,
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znam da je klišej, ali pogledajte,
01:00
look how small,
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pogledajte koliko mali,
01:03
how tiny it has gotten.
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koliko je sitan postao.
01:05
And you know the reason why, of course.
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I vi znate razlog zašto, naravno.
01:07
This is because of technology -- yeah.
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Zbog tehnologije, da.
01:10
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:13
Any computer designers in the room?
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Ima li računalnih inžinjera među vama?
01:17
Yeah well,
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Ah, naravno,
01:19
you guys are making my life miserable
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vi mi ljudi zagorčavate život,
01:22
because track pads used to be round,
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jer je nekad laptop imao okrugli miš,
01:24
a nice round shape.
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lijepo zaobljen.
01:26
That makes a good cartoon.
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To čini karikaturu dobrom.
01:28
But what are you going to do with a flat track pad,
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No što da radim s plosnatim track padom,
01:30
those square things?
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ono malo, četvrtasto?
01:32
There's nothing I can do as a cartoonist.
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Ne mogu ništa kao karikaturist.
01:34
Well, I know the world is flat now.
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Mislim, znam da je svijet sad ravan.
01:37
That's true.
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To je istina.
01:38
And the Internet has reached
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A internet je dosegao
01:40
every corner of the world,
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svaki kutak planete,
01:42
the poorest, the remotest places.
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siromašne, najudaljenije krajeve.
01:44
Every village in Africa now has a cyber cafe.
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Svako selo u Africi ima internet kafić sad.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:55
Don't go asking for a Frappuccino there.
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Nemojte pitati za frapuccino.
01:59
So we are bridging the digital divide.
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I tako premoštavamo digitalni jaz.
02:02
The Third World is connected,
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Treći svijet je povezan.
02:04
we are connected.
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Mi smo povezani.
02:06
And what happens next?
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I što se desi slijedeće?
02:08
Well, you've got mail.
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Pa, stigne pošta.
02:13
Yeah.
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Da.
02:15
Well, the Internet has empowered us.
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Pa internet nam je dao moć.
02:18
It has empowered you,
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Dao je moć vama,
02:20
it has empowered me
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dao je moć meni,
02:22
and it has empowered some other guys as well.
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i dao je moć još nekome.
02:26
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:31
You know, these last two cartoons --
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Znate, ove dvije zadnje karikature,
02:33
I did them live
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su rađene uživo
02:35
during a conference in Hanoi.
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tijekom konferencije u Hanoi-u.
02:37
And they were not used to that
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Što nije bila navika
02:40
in communist 2.0 Vietnam.
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u komunističkom 2.0 Vijetnamu.
02:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:45
So I was cartooning live on a wide screen --
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Crtao sam uživo na velikom ekranu --
02:48
it was quite a sensation --
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i bila je prilična senzacija --
02:50
and then this guy came to me.
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i prišla mi je neka osoba.
02:52
He was taking pictures of me and of my sketches,
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Fotografirao je mene i moje crteže,
02:54
and I thought, "This is great, a Vietnamese fan."
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i pomislih, "Ovo je sjajno, vijetnamski poklonik."
02:58
And as he came the second day,
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Pa je došao i drugi dan,
03:00
I thought, "Wow, that's really a cartoon lover."
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i pomislih, "Zbilja voli karikaturu."
03:03
And on the third day, I finally understood,
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A treći dan sam konačno shvatio,
03:05
the guy was actually on duty.
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tip je bio na dužnosti.
03:09
So by now, there must be a hundred pictures of me
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Tako da dosad, mora biti preko stotina slika mene
03:11
smiling with my sketches
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smiješeći se zajedno s mojim crtežima
03:13
in the files of the Vietnamese police.
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u spisima Vijetnamske policije.
03:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:18
No, but it's true: the Internet has changed the world.
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No zbilja, istina je: Internet je promijenio svijet.
03:21
It has rocked the music industry;
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Poljuljao je muzičku industriju.
03:23
it has changed the way we consume music.
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Promijenio je način na koji konzumiramo glazbu.
03:25
For those of you old enough to remember,
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Za one dovoljno stare da se sjećaju,
03:27
we used to have to go to the store
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nekad smo morali u trgovinu
03:29
to steal it.
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da bi je ukrali.
03:31
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:35
And it has changed the way
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I promijenio je način na koji
03:37
your future employer
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će vaš budući poslodavac
03:39
will look at your application.
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gledati vašu molbu.
03:41
So be careful
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Zato oprez
03:43
with that Facebook account --
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s profilom na Facebooku.
03:46
your momma told you, be careful.
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I majka kaže da budete oprezni.
03:50
And technology has set us free --
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A tehnologija nas je i oslobodila.
03:54
this is free WiFi.
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Imamo besplatni WiFi.
03:56
But yeah, it has liberated us
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Ali je, zbilja nas je oslobodila
03:58
from the office desk.
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stola u uredu.
04:01
This is your life,
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Ovo je vaš život.
04:04
enjoy it.
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Uživajte.
04:06
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:09
In short, technology, the internet,
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Ukratko, tehnologija, internet,
04:12
they have changed our lifestyle.
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promijenili su naš životni stil.
04:15
Tech guru, like this man --
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Tehnološki guru, poput ove osobe --
04:17
that a German magazine called the philosopher of the 21st century --
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kojega je njemački časopis prozvao filozofom 21. stoljeća --
04:20
they are shaping the way we do things.
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mijenjaju način na koji radimo stvari.
04:22
They are shaping the way we consume.
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Oblikuju način na koji konzumiramo.
04:24
They are shaping our very desires.
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Oblikuju naše vlastite čežnje.
04:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:31
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:38
You will not like it.
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Neće vam se svidjeti.
04:42
And technology has even changed
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Tehnologija je čak promijenila
04:44
our relationship to God.
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naš odnos s Bogom.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:53
Now I shouldn't get into this.
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No ne bi se trebao upuštati u to.
04:55
Religion and political cartoons,
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Religija i političke karikature,
04:57
as you may have heard,
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kao što ste možda čuli,
04:59
make a difficult couple,
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tvore problematičan par,
05:01
ever since that day of 2005,
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sve od tog dana 2005.,
05:03
when a bunch of cartoonists in Denmark
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kada je skupina karikaturista u Danskoj
05:05
drew cartoons that had repercussions all over the world --
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nacrtala karikature koje su imale dalekosežne posljedice,
05:08
demonstrations, fatwa,
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demonstracije, fatvu.
05:10
they provoked violence. People died in the violence.
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Isprovocirale su nasilje. Ljudi su umirali u tom nasilju.
05:13
This was so sickening;
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Bilo mi je zlo od toga.
05:15
people died because of cartoons.
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Ljudi su umirali zbog karikatura.
05:19
I mean --
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Mislim --
05:23
I had the feeling at the time
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Imao sam osjećaj u to vrijeme
05:25
that cartoons had been used by both sides, actually.
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da su karikature zlorabili na obje strane.
05:28
They were used first by a Danish newspaper,
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Prve su bile Danske novine,
05:30
which wanted to make a point on Islam.
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koje su htjele istaknuti nešto o islamu.
05:32
A Danish cartoonist told me he was one of the 24
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Danski karikaturist mi je rekao da je bio jedan od 24
05:35
who received the assignment to draw the prophet --
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koji su dobili zadatak da nacrtaju proroka.
05:37
12 of them refused. Did you know that?
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12 ih je odbilo. Jeste li znali to?
05:40
He told me, "Nobody has to tell me what I should draw.
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Rekao mi je, "Nitko mi ne može reći šta da ja crtam.
05:43
This is not how it works."
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To tako ne ide."
05:45
And then, of course, they were used
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Pa su, naravno, upotrijebljene
05:47
by extremists and politicians on the other side.
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od strane ekstremista i političara s druge strane.
05:50
They wanted to stir up controversy.
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Željeli su potaknuti polemiku.
05:52
You know the story.
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Znate priču.
05:55
We know that cartoons can be used as weapons.
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Znamo da karikature mogu poslužiti i kao oružje.
05:58
History tells us,
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Povijest nam to govori,
06:00
they've been used by the Nazis
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upotrebljavali su ih nacisti
06:02
to attack the Jews.
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kako bi napali Židove.
06:04
And here we are now.
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I tako smo došli ovdje.
06:06
In the United Nations,
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U Ujedinjenim narodima,
06:08
half of the world is pushing
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pola svijeta gura
06:11
to penalize the offense to religion --
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da se kažnjava vrijeđanje religije --
06:13
they call it the defamation of religion --
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nazivaju to klevetanjem religije --
06:15
while the other half of the world is fighting back
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dok se druga polovica svijeta bori
06:17
in defense of freedom of speech.
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za obranu slobode govora.
06:20
So the clash of civilizations is here,
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I tako smo došli do sukoba civilizacija,
06:22
and cartoons are at the middle of it?
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a karikature su usred svega toga?
06:26
This got me thinking.
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To me ponukalo na razmišljanje.
06:29
Now you see me thinking
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Sad me vidite kako razmišljam
06:31
at my kitchen table,
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dok sjedim za kuhinjskim stolom.
06:33
and since you're in my kitchen,
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A dok ste već u kuhinji
06:35
please meet my wife.
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upoznajte i moju ženu.
06:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:43
In 2006, a few months after,
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2006., par mjeseci kasnije,
06:46
I went Ivory Coast --
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otišao sam u Obalu bjelokosti --
06:48
Western Africa.
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Zapadna Afrika.
06:50
Now, talk of a divided place -- the country was cut in two.
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Sad, to je podijeljena država.
06:53
You had a rebellion in the North,
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Imali ste pobunu na sjeveru,
06:55
the government in the South -- the capital, Abidjan --
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vladu na jugu -- u glavnom gradu, Abidjan-u --
06:57
and in the middle, the French army.
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a u sredini, francusku vojsku.
07:00
This looks like a giant hamburger.
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Ovo liči na divovski hamburger.
07:02
You don't want to be the ham in the middle.
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Ne želite biti šunka u sredini.
07:07
I was there to report on that story
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Izvještavao sam o događajima tamo
07:09
in cartoons.
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u obliku karikatura.
07:11
I've been doing this for the last 15 years;
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Tako radim već 15 godina.
07:14
it's my side job, if you want.
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To možemo gledati kao na moj posao sa strane.
07:16
So you see the style is different.
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Vidite da je stil drugačiji.
07:18
This is more serious than maybe editorial cartooning.
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Ozbiljniji od možda standardnih karikatura.
07:21
I went to places like Gaza
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Bio sam u mjestima poput Gaze
07:24
during the war in 2009.
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tijekom rata 2009.
07:27
So this is really journalism in cartoons.
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Tako da je to novinarstvo kroz karikaturu.
07:29
You'll hear more and more about it.
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Sve više će se slušati o tome.
07:31
This is the future of journalism, I think.
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Mislim da je to budućnost novinarstva.
07:35
And of course, I went to see the rebels in the north.
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I naravno otišao sam do pobunjenika na sjever.
07:38
Those were poor guys fighting for their rights.
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To su siromasi koji se bore za svoja prava.
07:40
There was an ethnic side to this conflict
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Taj sukob ima i etničku stranu
07:42
as very often in Africa.
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što je čest slučaj u Africi.
07:45
And I went to see the Dozo.
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I otišao sam posjetiti Dozo.
07:47
The Dozo, they are the traditional hunters
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Dozoi su tradicionalni lovci
07:49
of West Africa.
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iz zapadne Afrike.
07:51
People fear them --
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Ljudi ih se boje.
07:53
they help the rebellion a lot.
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Puno su pomogli pobuni.
07:55
They are believed to have magical powers.
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Vjeruje se da imaju magične moći.
07:57
They can disappear and escape bullets.
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Mogu postati nevidljivi i izbjegavati metke.
08:01
I went to see a Dozo chief;
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Otišao sam do poglavice Dozoa.
08:03
he told me about his magical powers.
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Koji mi je rekao za svoje magične moći.
08:06
He said, "I can chop your head off right away
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Rekao je, "Mogu ti odrubiti glavu
08:09
and bring you back to life."
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pa te vratiti natrag u život."
08:12
I said, "Well, maybe we don't have time for this right now."
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Ja sam rekao "Pa, možda nemamo vremena baš sad za to."
08:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:17
"Another time."
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"Drugi put."
08:19
So back in Abidjan,
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Natrag u Abijanu,
08:22
I was given a chance to lead a workshop
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mi se pružila prilika da vodim seminar
08:24
with local cartoonists there
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s lokalnim karikaturistima
08:26
and I thought, yes,
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i pomislih, da,
08:28
in a context like this, cartoons can really be used as weapons
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u ovakvom kontekstu, karikature mogu poslužiti kao oružje
08:31
against the other side.
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protiv druge strane.
08:33
I mean, the press in Ivory Coast was bitterly divided --
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Mislim, mediji su duboko podijeljeni.
08:37
it was compared to the media in Rwanda
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Usporedili su to s medijima u Ruandi
08:39
before the genocide --
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prije genocida.
08:41
so imagine.
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Zamislite.
08:43
And what can a cartoonist do?
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I što može karikaturist napraviti?
08:45
Sometimes editors would tell their cartoonists
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Ponekad bi urednici rekli svojim karikaturistima
08:47
to draw what they wanted to see,
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da nacrtaju ono što žele vidjeti,
08:49
and the guy has to feed his family, right?
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a čovjek mora prehraniti obitelj, naravno.
08:53
So the idea was pretty simple.
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Ideja je bila prilično jednostavna.
08:55
We brought together cartoonists
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Doveli smo karikaturiste
08:58
from all sides in Ivory Coast.
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sa svih strana Obale bjelokosti.
09:01
We took them away from their newspaper for three days.
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Odvojili smo ih od njihovih novina na tri dana.
09:04
And I asked them to do a project together,
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I zamolili ih da naprave jedan projekt zajedno,
09:07
tackle the issues affecting their country
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hvatajući se u koštac sa stvarima koje se tiču njihove zemlje
09:10
in cartoons, yes, in cartoons.
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u karikaturi, da, u karikaturi.
09:13
Show the positive power of cartoons.
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Pokazati pozitivnu moć karikatura.
09:15
It's a great tool of communication
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To je izvrstan alat za komunikaciju
09:17
for bad or for good.
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za dobro i zlo.
09:19
And cartoons can cross boundaries,
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I karikature mogu prelaziti granice,
09:21
as you have seen.
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kao što ste vidjeli.
09:23
And humor is a good way, I think,
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A humor je dobar način, mislim
09:25
to address serious issues.
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da se upozori na ozbiljne probleme.
09:28
And I'm very proud of what they did.
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Vrlo sam ponosan na ono što su učinili.
09:30
I mean, they didn't agree with each other -- that was not the point.
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Mislim nisu se slagali jedan s drugim -- to nije bila poanta.
09:33
And I didn't ask them to do nice cartoons.
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Nisam ih zamolio da rade lijepe karikature.
09:35
The first day, they were even shouting at each other.
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Prvog su dana čak i vikali jedni na druge.
09:37
But they came up with a book,
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No iznjedrili su knjigu,
09:39
looking back at 13 years
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koja gleda 13 godina unatrag
09:42
of political crisis in Ivory Coast.
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na političke krize na Obali.
09:45
So the idea was there.
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To mi je bila ideja.
09:47
And I've been doing projects like this,
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Nastavio sam raditi takve projekte,
09:49
in 2009 in Lebanon,
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2009. u Libanonu,
09:51
this year in Kenya, back in January.
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ove godine u Keniji.
09:54
In Lebanon, it was not a book.
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U Libanonu to nije bila knjiga.
09:56
The idea was to have --
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Ideja je bila --
09:58
the same principal, a divided country --
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isti princip, podijeljena zemlja --
10:00
take cartoonists from all sides
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uzeti karikaturiste sa svih strana
10:02
and let them do something together.
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i pustiti ih da naprave nešto zajedno.
10:04
So in Lebanon,
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Tako u Libanonu,
10:06
we enrolled the newspaper editors,
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unovačili smo urednike novina,
10:08
and we got them to publish
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i nagovorili da tiskaju
10:10
eight cartoonists from all sides all together on the same page,
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osam karikatura od svih strana zajedno na istoj stranici,
10:13
addressing the issue affecting Lebanon,
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koje se tiču problema u Libanonu,
10:16
like religion in politics and everyday life.
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poput vjere u politici i svakodnevnom životu.
10:19
And it worked.
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I upalilo je.
10:21
For three days, almost all the newspapers of Beirut
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Tijekom tri dana, gotovo sve novine u Bejrutu
10:24
published all those cartoonists together --
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tiskale su sve karikature zajedno --
10:26
anti-government,
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antivladine,
10:28
pro-government,
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provladine,
10:30
Christian,
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kršćanske,
10:33
Muslim, of course,
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muslimanske, naravno,
10:35
English-speaking, well, you name it.
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na engleskom, sve što možete zamisliti.
10:37
So this was a great project.
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To je bio velik projekt.
10:39
And then in Kenya, what we did
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A u Keniji
10:42
was addressing the issue of ethnicity,
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smo obratili pažnju na etnički problem,
10:44
which is a poison in a lot of places in Africa.
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koji je otrov u mnogim mjestima u Africi.
10:47
And we did video clips --
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Radili smo i video isječke.
10:50
you can see them if you go to YouTube/Kenyatoons.
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Možete ih pogledati ako odete na YouTube/KenyaTunes.
10:57
So, preaching for freedom of speech
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Propovijedati slobodu govora
10:59
is easy here,
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je lako ovdje,
11:01
but as you have seen
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no kao što ste vidjeli
11:03
in contexts of repression or division,
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u kontekstu represije ili podjele,
11:06
again, what can a cartoonist do?
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što može karikaturist napraviti?
11:08
He has to keep his job.
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Mora zadržati svoj posao.
11:12
Well I believe that in any context anywhere,
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Vjerujem da u bilo kojem kontekstu bilogdje
11:15
he always has the choice at least
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barem ima izbor
11:17
not to do a cartoon
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da ne napravi karikaturu
11:19
that will feed hatred.
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koja će poticati mržnju.
11:22
And that's the message I try to convey to them.
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A to je poruka koju im pokušavam prenijeti.
11:25
I think we all always have the choice in the end
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Mislim da uvijek imamo izbor
11:28
not to do the bad thing.
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ne napraviti lošu stvar.
11:32
But we need to support
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No moramo poticati
11:34
these [unclear], critical
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te {nejasno}, kritične,
11:36
and responsible voices
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odgovorne glasove
11:39
in Africa, in Lebanon,
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u Africi, u Libanonu,
11:41
in your local newspaper,
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u vašim lokalnim novinama,
11:44
in the Apple store.
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u Apple trgovini.
11:48
Today, tech companies
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Danas, tehnološke kompanije
11:50
are the world's largest editors.
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su najveći urednici.
11:53
They decide what is too offensive
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Oni odlučuju što je previše uvredljivo
11:55
or too provocative for you to see.
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previše provokativnim za vas da bi vidjeli.
11:57
So really, it's not about the freedom of cartoonists;
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Tako da ustvari se ne radi o slobodi karikature;
12:00
it's about your freedoms.
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radi se o vašim slobodama.
12:03
And for dictators all over the world,
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A diktatorima cijelog svijeta,
12:09
the good news
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je uvijek dobra vijest
12:11
is when cartoonists,
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kad karikaturisti,
12:13
journalists and activists shut up.
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novinari i aktivisti ušute.
12:18
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:20
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Patrick Chappatte - Editorial cartoonistUsing clean, simple pencil strokes, editorial cartoonist Patrick Chappatte wields globally literate and to-the-point humor on world events -- the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.
Why you should listen
Patrick Chappatte is a global soul. Born in Pakistan to a Lebanese mother and a Swiss father, raised in Singapore, he has lived in New York and lives now in Geneva, Switzerland. Perhaps this explains his way of looking at world events, applying the unfettered perspective of humor to the tragic, the farcical and the absurd.
His simple line delivers pointed jokes. He draws for The International Herald Tribune (in English) and for the Swiss newspapers Le Temps (in French) and NZZ am Sonntag (in German), and in all three languages the subtle insightfulness of his cartoons consistently robs you of a laugh, or more.
Patrick Chappatte | Speaker | TED.com