TED2015
Elora Hardy: Magical houses, made of bamboo
Elora Hardy: Čarobne kuće od bambusa
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Nikada prije niste vidjeli ovakve građevine. Zadivljujuće kuće od bambusa koje grade Elora Hardy i njezin tim na Baliju iznenađuju na svakom koraku. Prkose konvencionalnom jer je bambus sam po sebi zagonetan. Ne postoje dva jednaka stupa bambusa tako da su svaka kuća, most i kupaonica jedinstveni. U ovom divnom i dubokom govoru Elora govori o potencijalu bambusa kao održivom izvoru i pokretaču mašte. "Morali smo izmisliti vlastita pravila", kaže ona.
Elora Hardy - Sustainable designer
Cultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali. Full bio
Cultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was nine years old,
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Kada sam imala devet godina
00:14
my mom asked me what I would want
my house to look like,
my house to look like,
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mama me pitala kako bih željela
da izgleda moja kuća,
da izgleda moja kuća,
00:18
and I drew this fairy mushroom.
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a ja sam nacrtala ovu čarobnu gljivu.
00:20
And then she actually built it.
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A ona ju je zaista izgradila.
00:23
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:25
I don't think I realized
this was so unusual at the time,
this was so unusual at the time,
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Mislim da tada nisam shvaćala
da je to nešto neobično,
da je to nešto neobično,
00:28
and maybe I still haven't,
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a možda to još uvijek ne shvaćam
00:29
because I'm still designing houses.
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jer još uvijek dizajniram kuće.
00:35
This is a six-story bespoke home
on the island of Bali.
on the island of Bali.
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Ovo je naručena kuća na
šest katova na otoku Bali.
šest katova na otoku Bali.
00:38
It's built almost entirely from bamboo.
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Gotovo je cijela izgrađena od bambusa.
00:42
The living room overlooks the valley
from the fourth floor.
from the fourth floor.
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Dnevna soba na četvrtom katu
gleda na dolinu.
gleda na dolinu.
00:46
You enter the house by a bridge.
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U kuću ulazite preko mosta.
00:50
It can get hot in the tropics,
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U tropima može biti vruće
00:52
so we make big curving roofs
to catch the breezes.
to catch the breezes.
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pa smo napravili velike vijugave krovove
koji hvataju povjetarce.
koji hvataju povjetarce.
00:57
But some rooms have tall windows
to keep the air conditioning in
to keep the air conditioning in
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Ali neke sobe imaju visoke prozore za
zadržavanje klimatiziranog zraka unutra,
zadržavanje klimatiziranog zraka unutra,
01:01
and the bugs out.
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a kukaca vani.
01:05
This room we left open.
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Ovu smo sobu ostavili otvorenu.
01:07
We made an air-conditioned, tented bed.
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Napravili smo klimatizirani krevet
pod šatorom.
pod šatorom.
01:10
And one client wanted a TV room
in the corner of her living room.
in the corner of her living room.
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Jedna je klijentica htjela prostor
za TV u kutu dnevne sobe.
za TV u kutu dnevne sobe.
01:14
Boxing off an area with tall walls
just didn't feel right,
just didn't feel right,
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Ograđivanje prostora visokim zidovima
nije bilo prikladno pa smo
nije bilo prikladno pa smo
01:18
so instead, we made this giant woven pod.
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umjesto toga napravili ovu ogromnu
pletenu ljusku.
pletenu ljusku.
01:24
Now, we do have all the necessary
luxuries, like bathrooms.
luxuries, like bathrooms.
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Imamo sav potreban luksuz,
kao npr. kupaonice.
kao npr. kupaonice.
01:28
This one is a basket
in the corner of the living room,
in the corner of the living room,
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Ovo je košara u kutu dnevne sobe
01:32
and I've got tell you, some people
actually hesitate to use it.
actually hesitate to use it.
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i moram vam reći da ju neki ljudi
oklijevaju koristiti.
oklijevaju koristiti.
01:36
We have not quite figured out
our acoustic insulation.
our acoustic insulation.
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Nismo još riješili zvučnu izolaciju.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:41
So there are lots of things
that we're still working on,
that we're still working on,
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Još je mnogo stvari na
kojima radimo,
kojima radimo,
01:44
but one thing I have learned
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ali ono što sam naučila jest da
01:46
is that bamboo will treat you well
if you use it right.
if you use it right.
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je bambus jako koristan ako
ga znate ispravno koristiti.
ga znate ispravno koristiti.
01:50
It's actually a wild grass.
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On je zapravo divlja trava.
01:52
It grows on otherwise unproductive land --
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Raste na neplodnoj zemlji --
01:55
deep ravines, mountainsides.
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dubokim tjesnacima, planinskim obroncima.
01:59
It lives off of rainwater,
spring water, sunlight,
spring water, sunlight,
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Preživljava na kišnici,
slatkoj vodi, suncu
slatkoj vodi, suncu
02:03
and of the 1,450 species of bamboo
that grow across the world,
that grow across the world,
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i od 1450 vrsta bambusa koje
rastu diljem svijeta
rastu diljem svijeta
02:08
we use just seven of them.
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mi koristimo samo njih sedam.
02:10
That's my dad.
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Ovo je moj tata.
02:12
He's the one who got me
building with bamboo,
building with bamboo,
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Zbog njega sam počela
graditi bambusom
graditi bambusom
02:14
and he is standing in a clump
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i stoji među skupinom
02:16
of Dendrocalamus asper niger
that he planted just seven years ago.
that he planted just seven years ago.
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Dendrocalamus asper niger bambusa
koje je posadio prije samo sedam godina.
koje je posadio prije samo sedam godina.
02:20
Each year, it sends up
a new generation of shoots.
a new generation of shoots.
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Svake se godine pojavi
nova generacija mladica.
nova generacija mladica.
02:23
That shoot, we watched it grow a meter
in three days just last week,
in three days just last week,
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Ovu smo mladicu prošli tjedan gledali kako
izrasta jedan metar u tri dana,
izrasta jedan metar u tri dana,
02:28
so we're talking about sustainable
timber in three years.
timber in three years.
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tako da govorimo o održivom
deblu u tri godine.
deblu u tri godine.
02:35
Now, we harvest from hundreds
of family-owned clumps.
of family-owned clumps.
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Mi beremo iz stotina skupina bambusa
koje su u obiteljskom vlasništvu.
koje su u obiteljskom vlasništvu.
02:38
Betung, as we call it, it's really long,
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Betung, kako ga nazivamo, veoma je dug,
02:41
up to 18 meters of usable length.
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ima čak do 18 m iskoristive dužine.
02:42
Try getting that truck down the mountain.
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Pokušajte tim kamionom ići niz planinu.
02:45
And it's strong: it has
the tensile strength of steel,
the tensile strength of steel,
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I snažan je: ima vlačnu
čvrstoću čelika,
čvrstoću čelika,
02:49
the compressive strength of concrete.
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a tlačnu čvrstoću betona.
02:51
Slam four tons straight down on a pole,
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Nabacite četiri tone na stup
02:54
and it can take it.
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i on će to izdržati.
02:57
Because it's hollow, it's lightweight,
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Zato što je šupalj, lagan je,
03:00
light enough to be lifted
by just a few men,
by just a few men,
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i to dovoljno da ga podigne
samo nekoliko muškaraca,
samo nekoliko muškaraca,
03:03
or, apparently, one woman.
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ili, očito, jedna žena.
03:06
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
03:14
And when my father
built Green School in Bali,
built Green School in Bali,
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Kad je moj otac gradio
Zelenu školu u Baliju,
Zelenu školu u Baliju,
03:18
he chose bamboo for all
of the buildings on campus,
of the buildings on campus,
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izabrao je bambus za gradnju
svih zgrada u kampusu
svih zgrada u kampusu
03:21
because he saw it as a promise.
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zato što je to vidio kao obećanje.
03:23
It's a promise to the kids.
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Obećanje djeci.
03:25
It's one sustainable material
that they will not run out of.
that they will not run out of.
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To je održiv materijal kojeg im
nikada neće ponestati.
nikada neće ponestati.
03:30
And when I first saw these structures
under construction about six years ago,
under construction about six years ago,
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Kada sam prije 6 godina prvi put vidjela
ove strukture u procesu izgradnje
ove strukture u procesu izgradnje
03:34
I just thought, this makes perfect sense.
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pomislila sam kako to ima smisla.
03:38
It is growing all around us.
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Raste svuda oko nas.
03:40
It's strong. It's elegant.
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Jak je. Elegantan.
03:43
It's earthquake-resistant.
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Otporan na zemljotres.
03:45
Why hasn't this happened sooner,
and what can we do with it next?
and what can we do with it next?
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Zašto se ovo nije dogodilo ranije i
što možemo iduće učiniti s njim?
što možemo iduće učiniti s njim?
03:49
So along with some of
the original builders of Green School,
the original builders of Green School,
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Zajedno s nekim od
izvornih graditelja Zelene škole
izvornih graditelja Zelene škole
03:54
I founded Ibuku.
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osnovala sam Ibuku.
03:56
Ibu means "mother," and ku means "mine,"
so it represents my Mother Earth,
so it represents my Mother Earth,
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Ibu znači "majka", a ku "moje" tako da
predstavlja moju Majku Zemlju,
predstavlja moju Majku Zemlju,
04:02
and at Ibuku, we are a team
of artisans, architects and designers,
of artisans, architects and designers,
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a mi u Ibukuu smo tim
obrtnika, arhitekata i dizajnera
obrtnika, arhitekata i dizajnera
04:07
and what we're doing together
is creating a new way of building.
is creating a new way of building.
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i zajedno stvaramo nov način gradnje.
04:12
Over the past five years together,
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Tijekom zadnjih pet godina zajedno smo
04:14
we have built over 50 unique structures,
most of them in Bali.
most of them in Bali.
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izgradili preko 50 jedinstvenih struktura,
većinu na Baliju.
većinu na Baliju.
04:20
Nine of them are at Green Village --
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Devet je njih u Zelenom selu --
04:23
you've just seen inside
some of these homes --
some of these homes --
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vidjeli ste unutrašnjost nekih
od ovih domova --
od ovih domova --
04:26
and we fill them with bespoke furniture,
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i ispunjavamo ih naručenim namještajem,
04:30
we surround them with veggie gardens,
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okružimo ih povrtnjacima,
04:32
we would love to invite you all
to come visit someday.
to come visit someday.
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i voljeli bismo vas sve pozvati
u posjet jednog dana.
u posjet jednog dana.
04:35
And while you're there,
you can also see Green School --
you can also see Green School --
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I kada već budete tamo,
možete vidjeti i Zelenu školu --
možete vidjeti i Zelenu školu --
04:38
we keep building
classrooms there each year --
classrooms there each year --
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nastavili smo graditi
učionice svake godine -
učionice svake godine -
04:41
as well as an updated
fairy mushroom house.
fairy mushroom house.
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i ažurirali kuću čarobnu gljivu.
04:46
We're also working on
a little house for export.
a little house for export.
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Također radimo i na maloj
kući za izvoz.
kući za izvoz.
04:49
This is a traditional Sumbanese home
that we replicated,
that we replicated,
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Ovo je tradicionalna sumbaška kuća
čiju smo repliku napravili,
čiju smo repliku napravili,
04:53
right down to the details and textiles.
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sve smo pogodili, detalje i tekstil.
04:57
A restaurant
with an open-air kitchen.
with an open-air kitchen.
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Restoran s kuhinjom na otvorenom.
05:01
It looks a lot like a kitchen, right?
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Sliči na kuhinju, jel' da?
05:04
And a bridge that spans
22 meters across a river.
22 meters across a river.
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I most preko rijeke dugačak 22 metra.
05:09
Now, what we're doing,
it's not entirely new.
it's not entirely new.
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Ovo što radimo nije u
potpunosti novo.
potpunosti novo.
05:13
From little huts to elaborate bridges
like this one in Java,
like this one in Java,
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Od malih koliba do složenih
mostova poput ovoga u Javi,
mostova poput ovoga u Javi,
05:18
bamboo has been in use across
the tropical regions of the world
the tropical regions of the world
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bambus se koristi u tropskim
regijama diljem svijeta
regijama diljem svijeta
05:21
for literally tens of thousands of years.
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doslovno već desetke tisuća godina.
05:24
There are islands and even continents
that were first reached by bamboo rafts.
that were first reached by bamboo rafts.
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Postoje otoci i kontinenti do kojih
se prvo došlo splavovima od bambusa.
se prvo došlo splavovima od bambusa.
05:30
But until recently,
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Ali donedavno,
05:32
it was almost impossible to reliably
protect bamboo from insects,
protect bamboo from insects,
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bilo je gotovo nemoguće bambus
učinkovito zaštititi od kukaca,
učinkovito zaštititi od kukaca,
05:37
and so, just about everything
that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.
that was ever built out of bamboo is gone.
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tako da je gotovo sve što je bilo
izgrađeno od bambusa nestalo.
izgrađeno od bambusa nestalo.
05:42
Unprotected bamboo weathers.
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Nezaštićeni bambus u
različitim uvjetima propada.
različitim uvjetima propada.
05:44
Untreated bamboo gets eaten to dust.
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Netretirani bambus postaje prašina.
05:48
And so that's why most people,
especially in Asia,
especially in Asia,
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I zato većina ljudi,
posebno u Aziji,
posebno u Aziji,
05:51
think that you couldn't be poor enough
or rural enough to actually want
or rural enough to actually want
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misle da ne možeš biti dovoljno
siromašan ili ruralan da zaista poželiš
siromašan ili ruralan da zaista poželiš
05:55
to live in a bamboo house.
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živjeti u kući od bambusa.
05:58
And so we thought,
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Tako smo mi počeli razmišljati
05:59
what will it take to change their minds,
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kako promijeniti njihovo mišljenje,
06:02
to convince people
that bamboo is worth building with,
that bamboo is worth building with,
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kako ih uvjeriti u to da je
bambus dobar građevni materijal
bambus dobar građevni materijal
06:05
much less worth aspiring to?
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kojem treba težiti.
06:08
First, we needed safe treatment solutions.
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Prvo su nam trebali sigurni
načini tretiranja.
načini tretiranja.
06:11
Borax is a natural salt.
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Boraks je prirodna sol.
06:13
It turns bamboo into
a viable building material.
a viable building material.
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Pretvara bambus u održiv
građevinski materijal.
građevinski materijal.
06:15
Treat it properly, design it carefully,
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Uz dobro postupanje i pažljiv dizajn
06:18
and a bamboo structure
can last a lifetime.
can last a lifetime.
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struktura od bambusa
može trajati doživotno.
može trajati doživotno.
06:22
Second, build something
extraordinary out of it.
extraordinary out of it.
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Drugo, izgradite nešto
izvanredno od njega.
izvanredno od njega.
06:26
Inspire people.
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Inspirirajte ljude.
06:28
Fortunately,
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Srećom,
06:29
Balinese culture fosters craftsmanship.
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balijska kultura njeguje zanatstvo.
06:31
It values the artisan.
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Cijeni obrtnike.
06:33
So combine those
with the adventurous outliers
with the adventurous outliers
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Kada se to kombinira s
avanturističkim pogledom
avanturističkim pogledom
06:35
from new generations
of locally trained architects
of locally trained architects
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novih generacija
lokalnih arhitekata,
lokalnih arhitekata,
06:39
and designers and engineers,
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dizajnera i inženjera,
06:42
and always remember that you are designing
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a uvijek imajte na umu da dizajnirate s
06:45
for curving, tapering, hollow poles.
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vijugavim, šupljim, uskim stupovima.
06:49
No two poles alike, no straight lines,
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Ne postoje dva ista stupa,
nema ravnih linija,
nema ravnih linija,
06:52
no two-by-fours here.
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nema 2x4 u ovom slučaju.
06:55
The tried-and-true, well-crafted formulas
and vocabulary of architecture
and vocabulary of architecture
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Iskušane i istinite pouzdane formule
i rječnik arhitekture
i rječnik arhitekture
07:00
do not apply here.
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ovdje nisu primjenjive.
07:01
We have had to invent our own rules.
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Morali smo smišljati vlastita pravila.
07:03
We ask the bamboo what it's good at,
what it wants to become,
what it wants to become,
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Pitamo bambus u čemu je dobar,
što želi postati,
što želi postati,
07:08
and what it says is: respect it,
design for its strengths,
design for its strengths,
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a on nam kaže da ga poštujemo,
dizajniramo da se istaknu jake strane,
dizajniramo da se istaknu jake strane,
07:12
protect it from water,
and to make the most of its curves.
and to make the most of its curves.
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zaštitimo ga od vode i što
bolje iskoristimo njegovu vijugavost.
bolje iskoristimo njegovu vijugavost.
07:16
So we design in real 3D,
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Dizajniramo u stvarnom 3D okruženju,
07:18
making scale structural models
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stvaramo strukturne modele
07:20
out of the same material
that we'll later use to build the house.
that we'll later use to build the house.
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od istog materijala koji ćemo kasnije
koristiti za izgradnju kuće.
koristiti za izgradnju kuće.
07:23
And bamboo model-making, it's an art,
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Izrada modela od bambusa je umjetnost,
07:25
as well as some hardcore engineering.
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ali i ozbiljno inženjerstvo.
07:34
So that's the blueprint of the house.
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Ovo je nacrt kuće.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:39
And we bring it to site,
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I donosimo ga na gradilište
07:40
and with tiny rulers,
we measure each pole,
we measure each pole,
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i pomoću sitnih ravnala
mjerimo svaki stup,
mjerimo svaki stup,
07:43
and consider each curve, and we choose
a piece of bamboo from the pile
a piece of bamboo from the pile
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uzimajući u obzir svaku krivulju i
biramo komad bambusa s hrpe
biramo komad bambusa s hrpe
07:48
to replicate that house on site.
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za replikaciju te kuće na gradilištu.
07:52
When it comes down to the details,
we consider everything.
we consider everything.
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Što se detalja tiče, sve
uzimamo u obzir.
uzimamo u obzir.
07:55
Why are doors so often rectangular?
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Zašto su vrata često pravokutna?
07:57
Why not round?
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Zašto nisu okrugla?
07:58
How could you make a door better?
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Kako poboljšati vrata?
08:00
Well, its hinges battle with gravity,
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Njihove se šarke bore s gravitacijom,
08:02
and gravity will always win in the end,
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a gravitacija na kraju uvijek pobijedi,
08:04
so why not have it pivot on the center
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tako da, zašto osovinu ne postaviti na
08:07
where it can stay balanced?
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sredinu gdje će ostati uravnotežena?
08:09
And while you're at it,
why not doors shaped like teardrops?
why not doors shaped like teardrops?
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I kad smo već kod toga,
zašto ih ne oblikovati kao suze?
zašto ih ne oblikovati kao suze?
08:14
To reap the selective benefits
and work within the constraints
and work within the constraints
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Za iskorištavanje određenih koristi
i rad unutar ograničenja
i rad unutar ograničenja
08:17
of this material,
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ovog materijala
08:19
we have really had to push ourselves,
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zaista smo se morali potruditi,
08:21
and within that constraint,
we have found space for something new.
we have found space for something new.
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a unutar tih ograničenja
pronašli smo prostor za novitete.
pronašli smo prostor za novitete.
08:27
It's a challenge: how
do you make a ceiling
do you make a ceiling
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To je izazov: kako napraviti strop
08:29
if you don't have any
flat boards to work with?
flat boards to work with?
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ako ne radite s ravnim plohama?
08:32
Let me tell you, sometimes I dream
of sheet rock and plywood.
of sheet rock and plywood.
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Iskreno, ponekad sanjam o
gipsanim pločama i šperpločama.
gipsanim pločama i šperpločama.
08:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:39
But if what you've got
is skilled craftsmen
is skilled craftsmen
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Ali ako imate vješte zanatlije
08:43
and itsy bitsy little splits,
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i vrlo sitne dijeliće,
08:46
weave that ceiling together,
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istkajte taj strop,
08:48
stretch a canvas over it, lacquer it.
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prekrijte ga platnom i nalakirajte.
08:51
How do you design durable
kitchen countertops
kitchen countertops
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Kako dizajnirati dugotrajne
kuhinjske radne površine
kuhinjske radne površine
08:54
that do justice to this curving
structure you've just built?
structure you've just built?
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koje će se uklapati u ovu vijugavu
strukturu koju ste upravo izgradili?
strukturu koju ste upravo izgradili?
08:57
Slice up a boulder like a loaf of bread,
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Narežite stijenu kao štrucu kruha,
09:00
hand-carve each to fit the other,
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ručno izrežite svaku da odgovara drugoj,
09:03
leave the crusts on,
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ostavite koru,
09:05
and what we're doing,
it is almost entirely handmade.
it is almost entirely handmade.
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i gotovo je sve potpuno ručno izrađeno.
09:09
The structural connections
of our buildings
of our buildings
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Strukturni su spojevi naših
građevina ojačani
građevina ojačani
09:11
are reinforced by steel joints, but we use
a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.
a lot of hand-whittled bamboo pins.
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čeličnim spojnicama, ali koristimo i
puno ručno izrađenih igli od bambusa.
puno ručno izrađenih igli od bambusa.
09:16
There are thousands of pins in each floor.
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U svakom se podu nalaze tisuće igli.
09:20
This floor is made of glossy
and durable bamboo skin.
and durable bamboo skin.
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Ovaj je pod izrađen od sjajne
i izdržljive kože bambusa.
i izdržljive kože bambusa.
09:25
You can feel the texture under bare feet.
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Možete osjetiti teksturu pod bosom nogom.
09:28
And the floor that you walk on,
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Može li pod utjecati na
09:31
can it affect the way that you walk?
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način na koji hodate?
09:33
Can it change the footprint
that you'll ultimately leave on the world?
that you'll ultimately leave on the world?
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Može li promijeniti trag
koji ćete vi ostaviti na svijetu?
koji ćete vi ostaviti na svijetu?
09:38
I remember being nine years old
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Sjećam se kada sam imala 9 godina
09:40
and feeling wonder,
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i čudila se,
09:42
and possibility,
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razmišljala o mogućnostima,
09:44
and a little bit of idealism.
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i malo idealizirala.
09:46
And we've got a really long way to go,
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A ostalo nam je još toliko toga,
09:49
there's a lot left to learn,
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mnogo toga moramo naučiti,
09:51
but one thing I know is that
with creativity and commitment,
with creativity and commitment,
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ali jednu stvar znam, a ta je da
kreativnošću i predanošću
kreativnošću i predanošću
09:56
you can create beauty and comfort
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možete stvoriti ljepotu i udobnost,
10:01
and safety and even luxury
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sigurnost, pa čak i luksuz
10:04
out of a material that will grow back.
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od materijala koji će ponovno narasti.
10:07
Thank you.
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Hvala.
10:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Elora Hardy - Sustainable designerCultivating the power of sustainable materials, Elora Hardy leads Ibuku, creating bespoke bamboo homes in her native Bali.
Why you should listen
Growing up in Bali with two artist parents, Elora Hardy’s creativity led her to design prints for one of New York's biggest fashion houses. Then, in a dramatic shift, she moved back home and founded Ibuku, a team that builds bespoke homes made and furnished almost entirely of bamboo.
The strength of this abundant local grass allows for towering, curvilinear structures with a notable sense of luminosity and comfort. Ibuku builds on a design process and an engineering system that were first established at the nearby Green School. Five years ago, Elora and her team chose one humble material, and with it they are building a whole new world.
Elora Hardy | Speaker | TED.com