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Tim Harford: A powerful way to unleash your natural creativity
Tim Harford: Cara yang ampuh untuk membebaskan kreativitas alami Anda
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Apa yang dapat kita pelajari dari orang-orang paling kreatif di dunia? Mereka melakukan "banyak hal dalam gerak lambat", secara aktif mengerjakan banyak hal dan bergerak dari satu topik ke topik lain sesuai suasana hati -- tanpa merasa terburu-buru. Penulis Tim Harford berbagi bagaimana para penemu seperti Einstein, Darwin, Twyla Tharp dan Michael Crichton menemukan inspirasi dan produktivitas mereka dengan melatih pikiran mereka dengan banyak hal berbeda.
Tim Harford - Economist, journalist, broadcaster
Tim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences. Full bio
Tim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
"To do two things at once
is to do neither."
is to do neither."
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"Melakukan dua hal secara bersamaan adalah
tidak melakukan keduanya."
tidak melakukan keduanya."
Pukulan hebat untuk yang gemar
melakukan banyak hal sekaligus,
melakukan banyak hal sekaligus,
00:17
It's a great smackdown
of multitasking, isn't it,
of multitasking, isn't it,
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00:20
often attributed to
the Roman writer Publilius Syrus,
the Roman writer Publilius Syrus,
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sering dikaitkan dengan penulis Romawi
Publilius Syrus,
Publilius Syrus,
00:24
although you know how these things are,
he probably never said it.
he probably never said it.
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meski Anda tahu seperti apa biasanya,
ia mungkin tidak pernah mengatakannya.
ia mungkin tidak pernah mengatakannya.
00:28
What I'm interested in, though,
is -- is it true?
is -- is it true?
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Yang menarik adalah -
apakah ini benar?
apakah ini benar?
00:31
I mean, it's obviously true
for emailing at the dinner table
for emailing at the dinner table
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Maksud saya, itu benar jika kita mengirim
email di meja makan
email di meja makan
00:35
or texting while driving or possibly
for live tweeting at TED Talk, as well.
for live tweeting at TED Talk, as well.
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atau mengetik sms saat menyetir atau
mungkin juga mencuit langsung di TED Talk.
mungkin juga mencuit langsung di TED Talk.
00:41
But I'd like to argue
that for an important kind of activity,
that for an important kind of activity,
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Tapi saya ingin mendebat bahwa untuk
kegiatan yang penting,
kegiatan yang penting,
00:45
doing two things at once --
or three or even four --
or three or even four --
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melakukan dua hal bersamaan atau tiga
atau bahkan empat --
atau bahkan empat --
00:48
is exactly what we should be aiming for.
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adalah hal yang harus jadi tujuan kita.
00:51
Look no further than Albert Einstein.
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Kita lihat Albert Einstein sebagai contoh.
00:54
In 1905, he published
four remarkable scientific papers.
four remarkable scientific papers.
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Pada 1905, ia menerbitkan empat
makalah sains yang menakjubkan.
makalah sains yang menakjubkan.
00:58
One of them was on Brownian motion,
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Salah satunya tentang gerakan Brownian,
01:00
it provided empirical evidence
that atoms exist,
that atoms exist,
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makalah tersebut mencantumkan bukti
empiris bahwa atom itu ada,
empiris bahwa atom itu ada,
01:04
and it laid out the basic mathematics
behind most of financial economics.
behind most of financial economics.
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dan hal itu mendasari matematika untuk
ekonomi finansial.
ekonomi finansial.
01:08
Another one was on the theory
of special relativity.
of special relativity.
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Yang lainnya tentang teori mengenai
relativitas khusus.
relativitas khusus.
01:11
Another one was
on the photoelectric effect,
on the photoelectric effect,
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Yang lainnya lagi tentang
efek fotoelektrik,
efek fotoelektrik,
01:13
that's why solar panels work,
it's a nice one.
it's a nice one.
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itulah mengapa panel surya berfungsi,
teori yang bagus
teori yang bagus
01:17
Gave him the Nobel prize for that one.
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Ia mendapat hadiah Nobel untuk itu.
Dan keempat, memperkenalkan persamaan
yang mungkin sudah Anda dengar
yang mungkin sudah Anda dengar
01:19
And the fourth introduced an equation
you might have heard of:
you might have heard of:
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01:22
E equals mc squared.
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E sama dengan mc kuadrat.
01:25
So, tell me again how you
shouldn't do several things at once.
shouldn't do several things at once.
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Jadi, coba katakan bahwa kita tidak boleh
mengerjakan banyak hal sekaligus
mengerjakan banyak hal sekaligus
01:28
Now, obviously, working simultaneously
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Nah, tentu saja, mengerjakan
secara bersamaan
secara bersamaan
01:32
on Brownian motion, special relativity
and the photoelectric effect --
and the photoelectric effect --
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gerak Brownian, relativitas
khusus, dan efek fotoelektrik --
khusus, dan efek fotoelektrik --
01:35
it's not exactly the same
kind of multitasking
kind of multitasking
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tidak sama dengan mengerjakan
banyak hal
banyak hal
01:38
as Snapchatting while
you're watching "Westworld."
you're watching "Westworld."
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seperti ber-Snapchat sambil menonton
"Westworld."
"Westworld."
01:41
Very different.
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Sangat berbeda.
01:42
And Einstein, yeah, well,
Einstein's -- he's Einstein,
Einstein's -- he's Einstein,
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Dan Einstein, yah, Einstein - ya Einstein,
01:46
he's one of a kind, he's unique.
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satu-satunya, ia unik.
01:48
But the pattern of behavior
that Einstein was demonstrating,
that Einstein was demonstrating,
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Tapi pola dari perilaku yang ditunjukkan
oleh Einstein,
oleh Einstein,
01:51
that's not unique at all.
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itu tidak unik sama sekali.
01:54
It's very common
among highly creative people,
among highly creative people,
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Hal ini sangat biasa bagi kalangan orang-
orang kreatif,
orang kreatif,
01:57
both artists and scientists,
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seperti seniman dan ilmuwan,
02:00
and I'd like to give it a name:
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dan saya memberinya nama:
02:02
slow-motion multitasking.
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melakukan banyak hal dalam gerak lambat.
02:06
Slow-motion multitasking
feels like a counterintuitive idea.
feels like a counterintuitive idea.
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Melakukan banyak hal dalam gerak lambat
terasa tidak masuk akal.
terasa tidak masuk akal.
02:10
What I'm describing here
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Yang saya deskripsikan di sini
02:12
is having multiple projects
on the go at the same time,
on the go at the same time,
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adalah mengerjakan banyak tugas yang
sedang berlangsung bersamaan,
sedang berlangsung bersamaan,
02:15
and you move backwards and forwards
between topics as the mood takes you,
between topics as the mood takes you,
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dan Anda bergerak maju mundur dari topik
ke topik sesuai suasana hati Anda,
ke topik sesuai suasana hati Anda,
02:20
or as the situation demands.
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atau sesuai tuntutan keadaan.
02:22
But the reason it seems counterintuitive
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Ini terlihat tidak masuk akal
02:24
is because we're used to lapsing
into multitasking out of desperation.
into multitasking out of desperation.
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karena kita terbiasa melakukan
banyak hal karena putus asa.
banyak hal karena putus asa.
02:29
We're in a hurry,
we want to do everything at once.
we want to do everything at once.
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Kita buru-buru,
kita ingin melakukan semua sekaligus.
kita ingin melakukan semua sekaligus.
02:32
If we were willing
to slow multitasking down,
to slow multitasking down,
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Jika kita mau melambatkan
banyak hal yang kita kerjakan,
banyak hal yang kita kerjakan,
02:36
we might find that it works
quite brilliantly.
quite brilliantly.
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kita akan menemukan bahwa hal ini
bekerja dengan sangat baik.
bekerja dengan sangat baik.
02:41
Sixty years ago, a young psychologist
by the name of Bernice Eiduson
by the name of Bernice Eiduson
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60 tahun lalu, seorang psikolog muda
bernama Bernice Eiduson
bernama Bernice Eiduson
02:46
began a long research project
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memulai proyek riset yang panjang
02:48
into the personalities
and the working habits
and the working habits
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mengenai kepribadian dan kebiasaan kerja
02:51
of 40 leading scientists.
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dari 40 orang ilmuwan terkemuka.
02:54
Einstein was already dead,
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Einstein sudah meninggal,
02:55
but four of her subjects won Nobel prizes,
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tapi empat orang subjeknya
memenangkan hadiah nobel,
memenangkan hadiah nobel,
02:58
including Linus Pauling
and Richard Feynman.
and Richard Feynman.
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termasuk Linus Pauling dan
Richard Feynman.
Richard Feynman.
03:02
The research went on for decades,
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Riset itu berjalan puluhan tahun,
03:04
in fact, it continued even after
professor Eiduson herself had died.
professor Eiduson herself had died.
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bahkan, masih berlanjut saat Profesor
Eiduson sendiri sudah meningggal.
Eiduson sendiri sudah meningggal.
03:08
And one of the questions that it answered
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Dan salah satu pertanyaan yang terjawab
adalah
adalah
03:11
was, "How is it that some scientists
are able to go on producing important work
are able to go on producing important work
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"Bagaimana ilmuwan mampu untuk terus
menghasilkan karya penting
menghasilkan karya penting
03:17
right through their lives?"
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selama hidup mereka?"
03:19
What is it about these people?
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Apa yang membuat mereka begitu?
03:21
Is it their personality,
is it their skill set,
is it their skill set,
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Apakah kepribadiannya,
apakah bakatnya,
apakah bakatnya,
03:25
their daily routines, what?
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kebiasaan sehari-harinya atau apa?
03:28
Well, a pattern that emerged was clear,
and I think to some people surprising.
and I think to some people surprising.
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Pola yang muncul sudah jelas, dan saya
kira mengejutkan untuk sebagian orang.
kira mengejutkan untuk sebagian orang.
03:34
The top scientists
kept changing the subject.
kept changing the subject.
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Ilmuwan-ilmuwan top terus
mengubah topiknya.
mengubah topiknya.
03:39
They would shift topics repeatedly
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Mereka akan berganti topik
berkali-kali
berkali-kali
03:42
during their first 100
published research papers.
published research papers.
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sebanyak 100 makalah pertama
yang diterbitkan.
yang diterbitkan.
03:46
Do you want to guess how often?
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Apa Anda mau menebak seberapa sering?
03:48
Three times?
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Tiga kali?
03:50
Five times?
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Lima kali?
03:52
No. On average, the most
enduringly creative scientists
enduringly creative scientists
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Tidak. Rata-rata, ilmuwan-ilmuwan yang
paling kreatif
paling kreatif
03:56
switched topics 43 times
in their first 100 research papers.
in their first 100 research papers.
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berganti topik 43 kali dalam 100
makalah mereka yang pertama.
makalah mereka yang pertama.
Sepertinya rahasia dari kreativitas
adalah melakukan banyak hal sekaligus
adalah melakukan banyak hal sekaligus
04:03
Seems that the secret
to creativity is multitasking
to creativity is multitasking
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04:08
in slow motion.
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dalam tempo lambat.
04:11
Eiduson's research suggests
we need to reclaim multitasking
we need to reclaim multitasking
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Riset oleh Eiduson menghimbau bahwa
kita perlu melakukan banyak hal sekaligus
kita perlu melakukan banyak hal sekaligus
04:15
and remind ourselves
how powerful it can be.
how powerful it can be.
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dan mengingatkan diri sendiri
betapa hebatnya hal tersebut.
betapa hebatnya hal tersebut.
04:18
And she's not the only person
to have found this.
to have found this.
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Dan bukan hanya ia yang menemukan
hal ini.
hal ini.
04:20
Different researchers,
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Peneliti-peneliti lain,
04:21
using different methods
to study different highly creative people
to study different highly creative people
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yang menggunakan metode lain untuk
mempelajari orang-orang kreatif lainnya
mempelajari orang-orang kreatif lainnya
04:25
have found that very often
they have multiple projects in progress
they have multiple projects in progress
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menemukan bahwa sering kali mereka sedang
mengerjakan banyak proyek
mengerjakan banyak proyek
04:29
at the same time,
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di waktu bersamaan,
04:30
and they're also far more likely
than most of us to have serious hobbies.
than most of us to have serious hobbies.
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dan mereka juga lebih cenderung punya
hobi yang serius dibandingkan kita.
hobi yang serius dibandingkan kita.
04:35
Slow-motion multitasking
among creative people is ubiquitous.
among creative people is ubiquitous.
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Melakukan banyak hal secara pelan banyak
dilakukan orang-orang kreatif.
dilakukan orang-orang kreatif.
04:40
So, why?
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Jadi, mengapa?
04:43
I think there are three reasons.
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Menurut saya ada tiga alasan.
04:44
And the first is the simplest.
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Dan yang pertama adalah yang paling mudah.
04:47
Creativity often comes when you take
an idea from its original context
an idea from its original context
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Kreativitas sering kali datang ketika Anda
mencomot ide dari konteks aslinya
mencomot ide dari konteks aslinya
04:51
and you move it somewhere else.
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dan dipindah ke tempat lain.
04:53
It's easier to think outside the box
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Lebih mudah berpikir di luar kotak
04:54
if you spend your time clambering
from one box into another.
from one box into another.
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jika Anda menghabiskan waktu memanjat
dari kotak ke kotak lain.
dari kotak ke kotak lain.
04:58
For an example of this,
consider the original eureka moment.
consider the original eureka moment.
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Contohnya adalah,
pikirkan momen eureka yang asli.
pikirkan momen eureka yang asli.
05:04
Archimedes -- he's wrestling
with a difficult problem.
with a difficult problem.
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Archimedes -- ia bergumul dengan
masalah yang rumit.
masalah yang rumit.
05:08
And he realizes, in a flash,
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Dan ia menyadari dengan segera,
05:10
he can solve it, using
the displacement of water.
the displacement of water.
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dapat menyelesaikannya, menggunakan
perpindahan air.
perpindahan air.
05:14
And if you believe the story,
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Dan jika Anda percaya ceritanya,
05:16
this idea comes to him
as he's taking a bath,
as he's taking a bath,
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ide ini datang pada ia ketika
sedang mandi,
sedang mandi,
05:19
lowering himself in, and he's watching
the water level rise and fall.
the water level rise and fall.
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mencelupkan badannya ke dalam, dan ia
melihat air naik dan turun.
melihat air naik dan turun.
05:24
And if solving a problem
while having a bath isn't multitasking,
while having a bath isn't multitasking,
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Jika menyelesaikan masalah sambil mandi
bukan melakukan banyak hal sekaligus,
bukan melakukan banyak hal sekaligus,
05:29
I don't know what is.
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Saya tidak tahu lagi.
05:32
The second reason
that multitasking can work
that multitasking can work
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Alasan kedua ini bisa berhasil
05:34
is that learning to do one thing well
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adalah mempelajari satu hal dengan baik
05:38
can often help you do something else.
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sering kali bisa membantu Anda melakukan
hal lain.
hal lain.
05:40
Any athlete can tell you
about the benefits of cross-training.
about the benefits of cross-training.
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Atlet-atlet bisa memberitahu Anda manfaat
cross-training.
cross-training.
05:43
It's possible to cross-train
your mind, too.
your mind, too.
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Pikiran kita juga bisa di-cross-training.
05:47
A few years ago, researchers took
18 randomly chosen medical students
18 randomly chosen medical students
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Beberapa tahun lalu, para peneliti memilih
18 orang mahasiswa kedokteran secara acak
18 orang mahasiswa kedokteran secara acak
05:52
and they enrolled them in a course
at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,
at the Philadelphia Museum of Art,
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dan mereka diikutkan kelas di Museum Seni
Philadelphia,
Philadelphia,
05:57
where they learned to criticize
and analyze works of visual art.
and analyze works of visual art.
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di mana mereka belajar mencermati dan
menganalisa karya seni rupa.
menganalisa karya seni rupa.
06:02
And at the end of the course,
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Dan di akhir kelas,
06:04
these students were compared
with a control group
with a control group
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mereka dibandingkan dengan kelompok
pengendali
pengendali
06:07
of their fellow medical students.
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dari sesama mahasiswa kedokteran.
06:08
And the ones who had taken the art course
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Dan mereka yang mengikuti kelas seni
06:11
had become substantially better
at performing tasks
at performing tasks
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menjadi lebih baik dalam menjalankan
tugas-tugas
tugas-tugas
06:15
such as diagnosing diseases of the eye
by analyzing photographs.
by analyzing photographs.
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seperti mediagnosa penyakit mata dengan
menganalisa foto-foto.
menganalisa foto-foto.
06:20
They'd become better eye doctors.
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Mereka menjadi dokter mata
yang lebih baik.
yang lebih baik.
06:22
So if we want to become
better at what we do,
better at what we do,
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Jadi bila kita ingin menjadi lebih baik
dalam melakukan sesuatu,
dalam melakukan sesuatu,
06:25
maybe we should spend some time
doing something else,
doing something else,
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mungkin kita harus menyempatkan
melakukan hal lain,
melakukan hal lain,
06:28
even if the two fields
appear to be as completely distinct
appear to be as completely distinct
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bahkan jika kedua hal tersebut sangat
jauh berbeda
jauh berbeda
06:32
as ophthalmology and the history of art.
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seperti ophthalmologi dan sejarah seni.
06:36
And if you'd like an example of this,
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Dan jika Anda menginginkan
contohnya,
contohnya,
06:39
should we go for a less intimidating
example than Einstein? OK.
example than Einstein? OK.
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Bagaimana kalau kita ke contoh yang tidak
sehebat Einstein? OK.
sehebat Einstein? OK.
06:42
Michael Crichton, creator
of "Jurassic Park" and "E.R."
of "Jurassic Park" and "E.R."
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Michael Crichton, pencipta
"Jurassic Park" dan "ER."
"Jurassic Park" dan "ER."
06:46
So in the 1970s,
he originally trained as a doctor,
he originally trained as a doctor,
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Jadi di tahun 1970-an, ia awalnya
belajar sebagai dokter,
belajar sebagai dokter,
06:50
but then he wrote novels
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tapi kemudian ia menulis novel
06:52
and he directed
the original "Westworld" movie.
the original "Westworld" movie.
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dan ia menyutradari film
"Westworld" yang asli.
"Westworld" yang asli.
06:56
But also, and this is less well-known,
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Tapi juga,
yang ini tidak terlalu terkenal,
yang ini tidak terlalu terkenal,
06:58
he also wrote nonfiction books,
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ia menulis buku-buku non-fiksi,
07:00
about art, about medicine,
about computer programming.
about computer programming.
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tentang seni, obat-obatan, tentang
program komputer.
program komputer.
07:04
So in 1995, he enjoyed
the fruits of all this variety
the fruits of all this variety
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Jadi di tahun 1995, ia menikmati
hasil keberagamannya
hasil keberagamannya
07:09
by penning the world's
most commercially successful book.
most commercially successful book.
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dari menulis buku paling laris manis
sedunia.
sedunia.
07:14
And the world's most commercially
successful TV series.
successful TV series.
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Dan serial TV paling laris manis sedunia.
07:19
And the world's most commercially
successful movie.
successful movie.
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Dan film paling laris manis sedunia.
07:24
In 1996, he did it all over again.
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Di tahun 1996, ia melakukan
semuanya lagi.
semuanya lagi.
07:29
There's a third reason
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Alasan ketiga
07:30
why slow-motion multitasking
can help us solve problems.
can help us solve problems.
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mengapa melakukan banyak hal dengan pelan
bisa membantu mengatasi masalah.
bisa membantu mengatasi masalah.
07:35
It can provide assistance
when we're stuck.
when we're stuck.
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Hal ini dapat membantu saat kita
macet.
macet.
07:38
This can't happen in an instant.
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Hal ini tidak terjadi secara instan.
07:41
So, imagine that feeling
of working on a crossword puzzle
of working on a crossword puzzle
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Jadi, bayangkan perasaan ketika sedang
mengerjakan teka teki silang
mengerjakan teka teki silang
07:44
and you can't figure out the answer,
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dan Anda tidak bisa menjawabnya,
07:46
and the reason you can't is because
the wrong answer is stuck in your head.
the wrong answer is stuck in your head.
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dan alasannya adalah karena jawaban
yang salah tertancap di kepala Anda.
yang salah tertancap di kepala Anda.
07:50
It's very easy --
just go and do something else.
just go and do something else.
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Gampang sekali --
pergi dan lakukan sesuatu yang lain.
pergi dan lakukan sesuatu yang lain.
07:53
You know, switch topics, switch context,
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Seperti, ganti topik, ganti konteks
07:56
you'll forget the wrong answer
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jawaban salah akan terlupakan
07:57
and that gives the right answer space
to pop into the front of your mind.
to pop into the front of your mind.
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dan itu akan memberikan tempat untuk
jawaban yang benar di pikiran Anda.
jawaban yang benar di pikiran Anda.
08:02
But on the slower timescale
that interests me,
that interests me,
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Tapi untuk skala waktu yang lebih
perlahan, yang mana menarik bagi saya,
perlahan, yang mana menarik bagi saya,
08:05
being stuck is a much more serious thing.
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Macet adalah hal yang sangat serius.
08:08
You get turned down for funding.
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Pendanaan Anda ditolak.
08:11
Your cell cultures won't grow,
your rockets keep crashing.
your rockets keep crashing.
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Kultur sel Anda tidak mau tumbuh,
roket Anda terus terjatuh.
roket Anda terus terjatuh.
08:16
Nobody wants to publish you fantasy novel
about a school for wizards.
about a school for wizards.
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Tidak ada yang mau menerbitkan novel
fantasi Anda tentang sekolah penyihir.
fantasi Anda tentang sekolah penyihir.
08:21
Or maybe you just can't find the solution
to the problem that you're working on.
to the problem that you're working on.
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Atau mungkin Anda tidak bisa mendapat
solusi atas persoalan yang Anda hadapi.
solusi atas persoalan yang Anda hadapi.
08:25
And being stuck like that
means stasis, stress,
means stasis, stress,
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Dan terjebak seperti itu artinya
diam, stres,
diam, stres,
08:30
possibly even depression.
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bahkan mungkin depresi.
08:33
But if you have another exciting,
challenging project to work on,
challenging project to work on,
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Tapi jika Anda punya proyek lain yang seru
dan menantang untuk dikerjakan,
dan menantang untuk dikerjakan,
08:38
being stuck on one is just an opportunity
to do something else.
to do something else.
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macet di satu proyek adalah
kesempatan untuk melakukan hal lain.
kesempatan untuk melakukan hal lain.
08:42
We could all get stuck sometimes,
even Albert Einstein.
even Albert Einstein.
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Terkadang kita bisa mengalami
macet, bahkan Albert Einstein.
macet, bahkan Albert Einstein.
08:46
Ten years after the original,
miraculous year that I described,
miraculous year that I described,
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10 tahun setelah tahun awal dan
menakjubkan yang saya jelaskan tadi,
menakjubkan yang saya jelaskan tadi,
08:51
Einstein was putting together the pieces
of his theory of general relativity,
of his theory of general relativity,
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Einstein menyatukan potongan teori tentang
relativitas umum,
relativitas umum,
08:56
his greatest achievement.
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pencapaian terbesarnya.
08:58
And he was exhausted.
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Dan ia kelelahan.
09:01
And so he turned to an easier problem.
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Maka ia beralih ke masalah yang
lebih mudah.
lebih mudah.
09:03
He proposed the stimulated
emission of radiation.
emission of radiation.
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ia mengajukan stimulasi emisi radiasi.
09:07
Which, as you may know, is the S in laser.
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Yang mana, seperti Anda tahu,
adalah S pada laser.
adalah S pada laser.
09:12
So he's laying down the theoretical
foundation for the laser beam,
foundation for the laser beam,
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Jadi ia meletakkan fondasi untuk
sinar laser,
sinar laser,
09:16
and then, while he's doing that,
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lalu, sambil melakukannya,
09:18
he moves back to general relativity,
and he's refreshed.
and he's refreshed.
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ia pindah kembali ke relativitas
umum dan merasa segar.
umum dan merasa segar.
09:21
He sees what the theory implies --
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ia melihat implikasi teorinya --
09:25
that the universe isn't static.
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bahwa dunia tidak diam.
09:28
It's expanding.
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Dunia membesar.
09:30
It's an idea so staggering,
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Ide ini sangat mencengangkan,
09:32
Einstein can't bring himself
to believe it for years.
to believe it for years.
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Einstein sendiri tidak percaya sampai
bertahun-tahun.
bertahun-tahun.
09:37
Look, if you get stuck
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Jadi, kalo Anda macet
09:40
and you get the ball rolling
on laser beams,
on laser beams,
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dan Anda justru mulai mengerjakan
sinar laser,
sinar laser,
09:45
you're in pretty good shape.
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Anda dalam kondisi bagus.
09:47
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
09:49
So, that's the case
for slow-motion multitasking.
for slow-motion multitasking.
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Jadi, itulah mengerjakan banyak hal
dengan gerak lambat.
dengan gerak lambat.
09:52
And I'm not promising
that it's going to turn you into Einstein.
that it's going to turn you into Einstein.
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Dan saya tidak berjanji hal itu akan
menjadikan Anda Einstein.
menjadikan Anda Einstein.
09:55
I'm not even promising it's going
to turn you into Michael Crichton.
to turn you into Michael Crichton.
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Saya bahkan tidak janji Anda akan menjadi
Michael Crichton.
Michael Crichton.
09:58
But it is a powerful way
to organize our creative lives.
to organize our creative lives.
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Tapi ini adalah cara yang jitu untuk
mengatur kreativitas kita.
mengatur kreativitas kita.
10:03
But there's a problem.
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Tapi ada masalahnya.
10:06
How do we stop all of these projects
becoming completely overwhelming?
becoming completely overwhelming?
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Bagaimana caranya supaya kita tidak
menjadi kewalahan dengan semua proyek ini?
menjadi kewalahan dengan semua proyek ini?
10:12
How do we keep all these ideas
straight in our minds?
straight in our minds?
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Bagaimana kita menjaga agar ide-ide kita
tetap di garis lurus?
tetap di garis lurus?
10:16
Well, here's a simple solution,
a practical solution
a practical solution
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Nah, ada cara yang mudah,
cara yang praktis
cara yang praktis
10:20
from the great American
choreographer, Twyla Tharp.
choreographer, Twyla Tharp.
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dari koreografer Amerika yang hebat,
Twyla Tharp.
Twyla Tharp.
10:24
Over the last few decades,
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Selama puluhan tahun terakhir,
10:26
she's blurred boundaries,
mixed genres, won prizes,
mixed genres, won prizes,
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ia mengaburkan batas, mencampur genre,
mendapat penghargaan,
mendapat penghargaan,
10:30
danced to the music of everybody,
from Philip Glass to Billy Joel.
from Philip Glass to Billy Joel.
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menari dengan berbagai musik,
mulai dari Philip Glass sampai Billy Joel.
mulai dari Philip Glass sampai Billy Joel.
10:35
She's written three books.
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ia sudah menulis tiga buku.
10:37
I mean, she's a slow-motion
multitasker, of course she is.
multitasker, of course she is.
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Maksud saya ia mengerjakan banyak hal
dengan gerak lambat, tentu saja.
dengan gerak lambat, tentu saja.
10:41
She says, "You have to be all things.
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Katanya, "Kau harus menjadi banyak hal.
10:45
Why exclude?
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Kenapa mengecualikan?
10:47
You have to be everything."
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Kau harus menjadi segalanya."
10:51
And Tharp's method
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Dan metode Tharp
10:53
for preventing all of these different
projects from becoming overwhelming
projects from becoming overwhelming
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agar tidak kewalahan dengan semua
proyek ini
proyek ini
10:58
is a simple one.
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adalah sederhana.
10:59
She gives each project
a big cardboard box,
a big cardboard box,
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ia memberi setiap proyek sebuah
kotak kardus,
kotak kardus,
11:01
writes the name of the project
on the side of the box.
on the side of the box.
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tiap sisinya ditulisi nama
proyek tersebut.
proyek tersebut.
11:04
And into it, she tosses DVDs
and books, magazine cuttings,
and books, magazine cuttings,
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Dan diisi DVD, buku, guntingan majalah,
11:09
theater programs, physical objects,
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program teater, benda-benda,
11:11
really anything that's provided a source
of creative inspiration.
of creative inspiration.
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apa saja yang bisa menjadi sumber
inspirasi kreatif.
inspirasi kreatif.
11:16
And she writes,
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Dan ia menulis,
11:17
"The box means I never
have to worry about forgetting.
have to worry about forgetting.
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"Kotak itu artinya aku tidak perlu takut
akan lupa.
akan lupa.
11:22
One of the biggest fears
for a creative person
for a creative person
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Salah satu ketakutan terbesar
orang kreatif
orang kreatif
11:25
is that some brilliant idea will get lost
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adalah kehilangan ide-ide yang hebat
11:28
because you didn't write it down
and put it in a safe place.
and put it in a safe place.
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karena kau tidak menuliskannya dan
menyimpannya di tempat aman.
menyimpannya di tempat aman.
11:32
I don't worry about that.
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Aku tidak khawatir.
11:34
Because I know where to find it.
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Karena aku tahu di mana aku bisa
menemukannya.
menemukannya.
11:38
It's all in the box."
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Semuanya ada dalam kotak."
11:41
You can manage many ideas like this,
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Anda bisa mengatur pikiran Anda
seperti ini,
seperti ini,
11:43
either in physical boxes
or in their digital equivalents.
or in their digital equivalents.
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bisa di kotak sungguhan atau di kotak
digital.
digital.
11:48
So, I would like to urge you
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Jadi, saya ingin mendorong Anda
11:50
to embrace the art
of slow-motion multitasking.
of slow-motion multitasking.
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untuk menganut seni melakukan banyak hal
dengan gerak lambat.
dengan gerak lambat.
11:54
Not because you're in a hurry,
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Bukan karena Anda terburu-buru;
11:56
but because you're in no hurry at all.
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tapi karena Anda sama sekali
tidak terburu-buru.
tidak terburu-buru.
12:01
And I want to give you one final example,
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Dan saya akan memberikan contoh
terakhir,
terakhir,
12:04
my favorite example.
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contoh kesukaan saya.
12:06
Charles Darwin.
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Charles Darwin.
12:08
A man whose slow-burning
multitasking is so staggering,
multitasking is so staggering,
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Seseorang yang mengerjakan banyak hal
dengan pelan tapi sangat mencengangkan,
dengan pelan tapi sangat mencengangkan,
12:12
I need a diagram to explain it all to you.
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Saya butuh diagram untuk menjelaskannya
pada Anda.
pada Anda.
12:16
We know what Darwin
was doing at different times,
was doing at different times,
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Kita tahu apa yang Darwin lakukan
di saat berbeda,
di saat berbeda,
12:18
because the creativity researchers
Howard Gruber and Sara Davis
Howard Gruber and Sara Davis
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karena periset tentang kreativitas
Howard Gruber dan Sara Davis
Howard Gruber dan Sara Davis
12:22
have analyzed his diaries
and his notebooks.
and his notebooks.
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sudah menganalisa buku hariannya dan
buku catatannya.
buku catatannya.
12:25
So, when he left school, age of 18,
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Jadi, saat ia meninggalkan sekolah di
usia 18 tahun,
usia 18 tahun,
12:27
he was initially interested in two fields,
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awalnya ia tertarik pada dua bidang,
12:30
zoology and geology.
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zoologi dan geologi.
12:33
Pretty soon, he signed up to be
the onboard naturalist on the "Beagle."
the onboard naturalist on the "Beagle."
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Tidak lama, ia mendaftar sebagai
awak naturalis di "Beagle."
awak naturalis di "Beagle."
12:38
This is the ship
that eventually took five years
that eventually took five years
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Ini adalah kapal yang akhirnya mencapai
lima tahun
lima tahun
12:40
to sail all the way around
the southern oceans of the Earth,
the southern oceans of the Earth,
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berlayar mengitari samudra di
selatan bumi,
selatan bumi,
12:44
stopping at the Galápagos,
passing through the Indian ocean.
passing through the Indian ocean.
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berhenti di Galapagos, melewati
Samudra Hindia.
Samudra Hindia.
12:47
While he was on the "Beagle,"
he began researching coral reefs.
he began researching coral reefs.
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Selama berada di "Beagle,"
ia meneliti terumbu karang.
ia meneliti terumbu karang.
12:50
This is a great synergy
between his two interests
between his two interests
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Hal ini sangat cocok dengan kedua minatnya
12:53
in zoology and geology,
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zoologi dan geologi,
12:55
and it starts to get him thinking
about slow processes.
about slow processes.
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dan hal ini membuatnya berpikir mengenai
proses yang perlahan.
proses yang perlahan.
13:00
But when he gets back from the voyage,
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Tapi saat ia kembali dari perjalanan,
13:03
his interests start to expand
even further: psychology, botany;
even further: psychology, botany;
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minatnya berkembang lebih jauh:
psikologi, botani;
psikologi, botani;
13:08
for the rest of his life,
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selama masa hidupnya,
13:09
he's moving backwards and forwards
between these different fields.
between these different fields.
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ia bergerak maju-mundur di antara
bidang-bidang berbeda ini.
bidang-bidang berbeda ini.
13:13
He never quite abandons any of them.
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ia tidak pernah mengabaikan satupun.
13:16
In 1837, he begins work
on two very interesting projects.
on two very interesting projects.
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Pada 1837, ia mulai mengerjakan dua
proyek menarik.
proyek menarik.
13:20
One of them: earthworms.
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Salah satunya: cacing tanah.
13:22
The other, a little notebook
which he titles
which he titles
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Satunya lagi, buku catatan kecil yang
diberi judul
diberi judul
13:26
"The transmutation of species."
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"Trasmutasi spesies."
13:29
Then, Darwin starts
studying my field, economics.
studying my field, economics.
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Kemudian, Darwin mulai mempelajari
bidang saya, ekonomi.
bidang saya, ekonomi.
13:35
He reads a book
by the economist Thomas Malthus.
by the economist Thomas Malthus.
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ia membaca buku tulisan
ekonom Thomas Malthus.
ekonom Thomas Malthus.
13:40
And he has his eureka moment.
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Dan ia mendapat momen "eureka" nya.
13:42
In a flash, he realizes how species
could emerge and evolve slowly,
could emerge and evolve slowly,
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Dalam sekejap, ia menyadari spesies
bisa muncul dan berevolusi perlahan,
bisa muncul dan berevolusi perlahan,
13:48
through this process
of the survival of the fittest.
of the survival of the fittest.
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melalui proses yang kuat yang bertahan.
13:51
It all comes to him,
he writes it all down,
he writes it all down,
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Hal itu datang padanya dan ia
menuliskannya,
menuliskannya,
13:53
every single important element
of the theory of evolution,
of the theory of evolution,
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setiap hal yang penting dalam
teori evolusi,
teori evolusi,
13:57
in that notebook.
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di dalam buku catatan itu.
13:58
But then, a new project.
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Tapi kemudian, proyek baru.
14:02
His son William is born.
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Putranya William lahir.
14:05
Well, there's a natural
experiment right there,
experiment right there,
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Nah, ada eksperimen alami di situ,
14:07
you get to observe
the development of a human infant.
the development of a human infant.
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Anda bisa mengamati perkembangan
anak manusia.
anak manusia.
14:10
So immediately,
Darwin starts making notes.
Darwin starts making notes.
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Jadi secepatnya, Darwin
mulai membuat catatan.
mulai membuat catatan.
14:13
Now, of course, he's still working
on the theory of evolution
on the theory of evolution
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Nah, tentu saja, ia masih mengerjakan
teori evolusi
teori evolusi
14:16
and the development of the human infant.
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dan perkembangan anak manusia.
14:19
But during all of this,
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Tapi sambil melakukannya,
14:20
he realizes he doesn't really know
enough about taxonomy.
enough about taxonomy.
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ia menyadari ia tidak cukup memahami
taksonomi.
taksonomi.
14:24
So he starts studying that.
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Jadi mulailah ia mempelajarinya.
14:26
And in the end, he spends eight years
becoming the world's leading expert
becoming the world's leading expert
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Dan akhirnya, ia menghabiskan 8 tahun
menjadi ahli terkemuka di dunia
menjadi ahli terkemuka di dunia
14:32
on barnacles.
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mengenai teritip.
14:35
Then, "Natural Selection."
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Lalu, "Seleksi Alam."
14:37
A book that he's to continue working on
for his entire life, he never finishes it.
for his entire life, he never finishes it.
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Sebuah buku yang terus ia kerjakan seumur
hidupnya, tidak pernah selesai.
hidupnya, tidak pernah selesai.
14:42
"Origin of Species" is finally published
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Akhirnya buku "Origin of Species" terbit
14:45
20 years after Darwin set out
all the basic elements.
all the basic elements.
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20 tahun setelah Darwin meletakkan
elemen-elemen dasarnya.
elemen-elemen dasarnya.
14:49
Then, the "Descent of Man,"
controversial book.
controversial book.
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Kemudian, "Descent of Man," buku yang
kontroversial.
kontroversial.
14:52
And then, the book about
the development of the human infant.
the development of the human infant.
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Dan lalu, buku mengenai perkembangan
anak manusia.
anak manusia.
14:56
The one that was inspired
when he could see his son, William,
when he could see his son, William,
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Yang terinspirasi ketika ia melihat
putranya, William,
putranya, William,
15:00
crawling on the sitting room
floor in front of him.
floor in front of him.
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merangkak di lantai ruang duduk
di depannya.
di depannya.
15:03
When the book was published,
William was 37 years old.
William was 37 years old.
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Ketika buku tersebut diterbitkan, William
berusia 37 tahun.
berusia 37 tahun.
15:08
And all this time,
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Dan selama waktu itu,
15:10
Darwin's working on earthworms.
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Darwin sedang mengerjakan cacing tanah.
15:13
He fills his billiard room with earthworms
in pots, with glass covers.
in pots, with glass covers.
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ia mengisi ruang biliarnya dengan pot
bertutup kaca yang berisi cacing tanah.
bertutup kaca yang berisi cacing tanah.
15:19
He shines lights on them,
to see if they'll respond.
to see if they'll respond.
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ia menyinarinya untuk melihat
apakah ada reaksi.
apakah ada reaksi.
15:22
He holds a hot poker next to them,
to see if they move away.
to see if they move away.
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Didekatkannya poker panas,
apakah mereka menjauh.
apakah mereka menjauh.
15:25
He chews tobacco and --
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ia mengunyah tembakau dan --
15:27
(Blows)
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(Menghembus napas)
15:28
He blows on the earthworms
to see if they have a sense of smell.
to see if they have a sense of smell.
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Ditiupnya cacing itu untuk melihat apakah
cacing bisa membaui.
cacing bisa membaui.
15:31
He even plays the bassoon
at the earthworms.
at the earthworms.
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ia bahkan memainkan bassoon untuk
cacing-cacing itu.
cacing-cacing itu.
15:36
I like to think of this great man
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Saya cenderung berpikir tentang
orang hebat ini
orang hebat ini
15:38
when he's tired, he's stressed,
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saat ia lelah, saat stres,
15:41
he's anxious about the reception
of his book "The Descent of Man."
of his book "The Descent of Man."
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ia gelisah mengenai penerimaan bukunya
"The Descent of Man."
"The Descent of Man."
15:45
You or I might log into Facebook
or turn on the television.
or turn on the television.
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Anda atau saya mungkin akan masuk ke
Facebook atau menyalakan TV.
Facebook atau menyalakan TV.
15:50
Darwin would go
into the billiard room to relax
into the billiard room to relax
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Darwin akan ke ruang biliar
untuk bersantai
untuk bersantai
15:54
by studying the earthworms intensely.
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dengan cara mempelajari cacing tanah
secara mendalam.
secara mendalam.
15:58
And that's why it's appropriate
that one of his last great works
that one of his last great works
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Itulah mengapa pantas jika salah satu
karya hebat terakhirnya
karya hebat terakhirnya
16:02
is the "Formation of Vegetable Mould
Through The Action of Worms."
Through The Action of Worms."
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adalah "Pembentukan Jamur Sayuran Melalui
Pergerakan Cacing."
Pergerakan Cacing."
16:07
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
16:09
He worked upon that book for 44 years.
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ia mengerjakan buku tersebut selama
44 tahun.
44 tahun.
16:16
We don't live in the 19th century anymore.
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KIta tidak hidup di abad ke-19 lagi.
16:18
I don't think any of us could sit
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Saya pikir tidak ada dari kita yang bisa
duduk
duduk
16:21
on our creative or scientific
projects for 44 years.
projects for 44 years.
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mengerjakan proyek kreatif atau sains
selama 44 tahun.
selama 44 tahun.
16:26
But we do have something to learn
from the great slow-motion multitaskers.
from the great slow-motion multitaskers.
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Tapi ada yang bisa dipelajari dari orang
yang melakukan banyak hal dengan lambat.
yang melakukan banyak hal dengan lambat.
16:30
From Einstein and Darwin
to Michael Crichton and Twyla Tharp.
to Michael Crichton and Twyla Tharp.
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Dari Einstein dan Darwin sampai ke Michael
Crichton dan Twyla Tharp.
Crichton dan Twyla Tharp.
16:37
The modern world seems
to present us with a choice.
to present us with a choice.
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Dunia modern seperti memberikan kita
sebuah pilihan.
sebuah pilihan.
16:40
If we're not going to fast-twitch
from browser window to browser window,
from browser window to browser window,
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Kalau kita bergerak cepat dari satu
jendela pencari ke jendela pencari,
jendela pencari ke jendela pencari,
16:44
we have to live like a hermit,
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kita harus hidup seperti pertapa,
16:46
focus on one thing
to the exclusion of everything else.
to the exclusion of everything else.
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fokus ke satu hal tanpa memikirkan
hal lain.
hal lain.
16:50
I think that's a false dilemma.
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Menurut saya itu adalah dilema
yang tidak benar.
yang tidak benar.
16:53
We can make multitasking work for us,
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Kita melakukan banyak hal sekaligus,
16:55
unleashing our natural creativity.
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mengeluarkan kereativitas alami kita.
16:59
We just need to slow it down.
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Kita hanya perlu melambatkannya
17:02
So ...
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Jadi ...
17:04
Make a list of your projects.
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Buatlah daftar pekerjaan Anda.
17:07
Put down your phone.
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Letakkan ponsel Anda.
17:09
Pick up a couple of cardboard boxes.
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Ambil beberapa kotak.
17:12
And get to work.
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Dan mulailah bekerja.
17:15
Thank you very much.
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Terima kasih banyak.
17:16
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Harford - Economist, journalist, broadcasterTim Harford's writings reveal the economic ideas behind everyday experiences.
Why you should listen
In the Undercover Economist column he writes for the Financial Times, Tim Harford looks at familiar situations in unfamiliar ways and explains the fundamental principles of the modern economy. He illuminates them with clear writing and a variety of examples borrowed from daily life.
His book, Adapt: Why Success Always Starts With Failure, argues that the world has become far too unpredictable and complex for today's challenges to be tackled with ready-made solutions and expert opinions. Instead, Harford suggests, we need to learn to embrace failure and to constantly adapt, to improvise rather than plan, to work from the bottom up rather than the top down. His next book, Messy: Thriving in a Tidy-Minded World will be published in September 2016.
Harford also presents the BBC radio series More or Less, a rare broadcast program devoted, as he says, to "the powerful, sometimes beautiful, often abused but ever ubiquitous world of numbers."
He says: "I’d like to see many more complex problems approached with a willingness to experiment."
Tim Harford | Speaker | TED.com