TED2011
AnnMarie Thomas: Hands-on science with squishy circuits
アンマリ－・トーマス「やわらか回路で体験型科学を」
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アンマリ－・トーマスが、TED Uにおける実演を通して、家で作れる２種類の小麦粉粘土で電気の性質が説明できることを示します。LED電球を点けたり、モーターを回したり、小さな子どもを回路の設計者にしたりできるのです。
AnnMarie Thomas - Educator
AnnMarie Thomas works on the playful side of engineering -- using cool tools to teach and help others. Full bio
AnnMarie Thomas works on the playful side of engineering -- using cool tools to teach and help others. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a huge believer in hands-on education.
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私は体験型の教育が持つ力を信じていますが
00:19
But you have to have the right tools.
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それには正しい道具が必要です
00:21
If I'm going to teach my daughter about electronics,
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娘に電子工学のことを教えるのなら
00:24
I'm not going to give her a soldering iron.
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はんだごてを渡したりはしません
00:26
And similarly, she finds prototyping boards
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娘も 実験用の基板を持たされたら
00:28
really frustrating for her little hands.
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小さな手で苦労することでしょう
00:31
So my wonderful student Sam and I
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それで 優秀な教え子であるサムと一緒に
00:34
decided to look at the most tangible thing we could think of:
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一番扱いやすいものを考え
00:36
Play-Doh.
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小麦粉粘土を使うことにしました
00:38
And so we spent a summer
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ひと夏かけて
00:40
looking at different Play-Doh recipes.
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いろいろな小麦粉粘土の作り方を考えました
00:42
And these recipes probably look really familiar
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家で小麦粉粘土を作ったことがあれば
00:44
to any of you who have made homemade play-dough --
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どれもお馴染みのものでしょう
00:46
pretty standard ingredients you probably have in your kitchen.
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台所にあるごく普通の材料で作られています
00:49
We have two favorite recipes --
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私たちのお気に入りは２つ -
00:51
one that has these ingredients
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１つは水 小麦粉 塩 植物油 酒石英で作り
00:53
and a second that had sugar instead of salt.
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もう１つは塩の代わりに砂糖を入れます
00:55
And they're great. We can make great little sculptures with these.
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小麦粉粘土はすごいんです いろいろな形にできます
00:58
But the really cool thing about them is when we put them together.
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でも本当に面白いのは 粘土をつなぎ合わせた時です
01:01
You see that really salty Play-Doh?
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塩をたくさん入れた小麦粉粘土は
01:03
Well, it conducts electricity.
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電気をよく通します
01:05
And this is nothing new.
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目新しいことではありません
01:07
It turns out that regular Play-Doh that you buy at the store conducts electricity,
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店で売っている小麦粉粘土も電気を通しますし
01:09
and high school physics teachers have used that for years.
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高校の物理の授業ではずっと前から使われています
01:12
But our homemade play-dough
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でも私たちが作った小麦粉粘土は
01:14
actually has half the resistance of commercial Play-Doh.
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市販品の２倍電気を通します
01:16
And that sugar dough?
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砂糖を入れた粘土はどうでしょう？
01:18
Well it's 150 times more resistant to electric current
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塩の粘土よりも
01:20
than that salt dough.
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150倍も電気を通しにくいのです
01:22
So what does that mean?
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だから 一緒にすると
01:24
Well it means if you them together you suddenly have circuits --
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電気回路が作れるのです
01:27
circuits that the most creative, tiny, little hands
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創造性に満ちた小さな子どもの手で
01:30
can build on their own.
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自ら作ることのできる回路です
01:33
(Applause)
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（拍手）
01:38
And so I want to do a little demo for you.
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どういうことか やってみましょう
01:42
So if I take this salt dough,
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塩入りの小麦粉粘土を -
01:44
again, it's like the play-dough you probably made as kids,
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皆さんが子どもの頃作ったようなやつです -
01:46
and I plug it in --
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差し込みます -
01:48
it's a two-lead battery pack, simple battery pack,
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これは２本のリード線がついた普通の電池パックです -
01:51
you can buy them at Radio Shack
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家電店のレディオシャックだとか
01:53
and pretty much anywhere else --
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どこでも買えるものです -
01:55
we can actually then
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これを使って実際に
01:58
light things up.
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明かりをつけることができます
02:02
But if any of you have studied electrical engineering,
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電気工学を学んだ人なら
02:04
we can also create a short circuit.
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ショート回路はご存知でしょう
02:06
If I push these together, the light turns off.
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粘土をくっつけると明かりが消えます
02:09
Right, the current wants to run through the play-dough, not through that LED.
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電流はLEDではなく小麦粉粘土を流れるからです
02:11
If I separate them again, I have some light.
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離すとまた明かりがつきます
02:13
Well now if I take that sugar dough,
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砂糖を入れた粘土を使ってみましょう
02:15
the sugar dough doesn't want to conduct electricity.
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砂糖の粘土は電気を通さない
02:17
It's like a wall to the electricity.
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壁のようなものです
02:19
If I place that between, now all the dough is touching,
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砂糖の粘土が間にあると 粘土がくっついていても
02:22
but if I stick that light back in,
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電球を差し込むと
02:24
I have light.
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明かりがつきます
02:26
In fact, I could even add some movement to my sculptures.
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この粘土に動きをつけることもできます
02:29
If I want a spinning tail, let's grab a motor,
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クルクル回る尻尾が欲しければ
02:31
put some play-dough on it, stick it on
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モーターに小麦粉粘土をつけて差し込みます
02:34
and we have spinning.
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すると回り出します
02:36
(Applause)
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（拍手）
02:40
And once you have the basics,
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基本がわかれば
02:42
we can make a slightly more complicated circuit.
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もう少し複雑な回路も作れます
02:44
We call this our sushi circuit. It's very popular with kids.
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これは 子どもたちが大好きな寿司回路です
02:47
I plug in again the power to it.
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電池につなぐと
02:50
And now I can start talking about parallel and series circuits.
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並列と直列回路についての話ができます
02:53
I can start plugging in lots of lights.
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電球をいくつもつないで
02:58
And we can start talking about things like electrical load.
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電気負荷などの話をすることができます
03:01
What happens if I put in lots of lights
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電球をたくさんつないで
03:03
and then add a motor?
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モーターまで加えるとどうなるでしょう？
03:05
It'll dim.
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明かりが暗くなります
03:07
We can even add microprocessors
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マイクロプロセッサをつないで
03:10
and have this as an input
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粘土の電気抵抗を読み取り
03:12
and create squishy sound music that we've done.
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グニャグニャ変わる音を出すこともできます
03:15
You could do parallel and series circuits
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子どもと一緒に
03:17
for kids using this.
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並列・直列回路を作ることができます
03:20
So this is all in your home kitchen.
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必要なものは全て台所にあります
03:23
We've actually tried to turn it into an electrical engineering lab.
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私たちは 台所を電気工学の実験室にしたのです
03:26
We have a website, it's all there. These are the home recipes.
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ウェブサイトに全て載せています 家庭で作ることができます
03:29
We've got some videos. You can make them yourselves.
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動画もあって自分で試せます
03:31
And it's been really fun since we put them up to see where these have gone.
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いろいろなところで使われていると聞くのがすごく楽しみです
03:34
We've had a mom in Utah who used them with her kids,
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子どもと一種に作ったユタ州のお母さん
03:36
to a science researcher in the U.K.,
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イギリスの科学研究者や
03:38
and curriculum developers in Hawaii.
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ハワイのカリキュラム開発者も使っています
03:41
So I would encourage you all to grab some Play-Doh,
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小麦粉粘土と塩 砂糖を手に
03:43
grab some salt, grab some sugar and start playing.
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皆さんも遊んでみて下さい
03:46
We don't usually think of our kitchen as an electrical engineering lab
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台所が電気工学の実験室だとか 子どもが回路の設計者だとは
03:49
or little kids as circuit designers,
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普通は思われていませんが
03:51
but maybe we should.
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考えを変えるべきなのかもしれません
03:53
Have fun. Thank you.
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楽しんで下さい ありがとう
03:55
(Applause)
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（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
AnnMarie Thomas - EducatorAnnMarie Thomas works on the playful side of engineering -- using cool tools to teach and help others.
Why you should listen
AnnMarie Thomas joined the faculty of the University of St. Thomas in the fall of 2006. Previously, she was a faculty member at Art Center College of Design. She is the director of the UST Design laboratory and leads a team of students looking at both the playful side of engineering (squishy circuits for students, the science of circus, toy design) and ways to use engineering design to help others (projects in technology design for older adults). Thomas, in partnership with collaborator Jan Hansen, is co-director of the University of St. Thomas Center for Pre-Collegiate Engineering Education (CPCEE).
Thomas teaches Engineering Graphics, Machine Design, Dynamics (with Circus Lab), Toy Design, Product Design for an Aging Population, and Brain Machine Interfaces (seminar). She organizes the School of Engineering Design Night (featuring the ENGR320 Machine Design competition), and the Design Discussions seminar series.
Thomas has also worked on underwater robotics (at MIT, Caltech and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute), specializing in biologically inspired propulsion. She has consulted on projects ranging from the design/creation of a "musical earthquake-playing robot" to the initial research for a book on earthquakes in Los Angeles. At Caltech, she founded the Caltech Robotics Outreach Group (CROG) and the Caltech/JPL/LEGO Middle School Robotics Conference.
Get the recipes for the two squishy circuits play doughs here >>
AnnMarie Thomas | Speaker | TED.com