Erin Marie Saltman: How young people join violent extremist groups -- and how to stop them
Erin Marie Saltman: Como os jovens se juntam a grupos extremistas violentos — e como impedi-los
Dr. Erin Marie Saltman manages Facebook's counterterrorism and counter-extremism policy work for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Full bio
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in Far Right youth camp in Hungary.
da juventude de extrema-direita na Hungria.
sobre a socialização política da juventude
youth political socialization --
a desenvolver ideologias políticas
political ideologies
of young people I was talking to
com quem eu falava
nesse campo de jovens
of why people were joining.
do porquê dessas adesões.
a little bit too Jewish.
demasiado a "judeu".
em húngaro.
your last name goes first,
vem em primeiro lugar
turned into "Salty Irena,"
passou a ser "Irena Salgada",
I would have naturally chosen for myself.
naturalmente para mim própria.
that it was actually really fun.
que, na verdade, era muito divertido.
faces as targets.
actually, friendly, inclusive group
bastante amigável e inclusivo
anything to do with the Roma population,
alguma coisa sobre o povo cigano,
very hate-based very quickly.
tornava-se num discurso de ódio,
violent extremist movements,
a movimentos extremistas violentos
counter these processes?"
opor-nos a esses processos?"
atrocities and attacks
atrocidades e ataques
but all over the world,
e por todo o mundo,
violent individuals.
violentos por natureza.
with their upbringing."
com a sua educação".
from educated backgrounds,
I want to talk you through,
challenge this in a modern era?
de o combater na nossa atualidade.
of different things
process of radicalization,
radicalização de uma pessoa,
into push and pull factors.
"empurra" e "puxa".
for Far Right, neo-Nazi groups
grupos de extrema-direita, neonazis,
and terrorist groups.
e grupos terroristas.
what makes you vulnerable
o que nos torna vulneráveis
extremista e violento.
a lot of different things,
a sense of isolation,
de alienação, de isolamento,
is under attack,
estamos inseridos está sob ataque,
on a nationality or an ethnicity
na nacionalidade, na etnia
are doing nothing to help.
volta não fazem nada para ajudar.
não nos fazem ser um extremista violento,
do not make you a violent extremist,
towards a group like the Roma population,
num grupo como a população cigana
a violently mobilized group.
mobilizado para a violência.
os fatores "puxa".
extremist organizations offering
extremistas oferecem
coisas muito positivas
very positive things,
a spiritual purpose,
um propósito espiritual,
to build a utopian society
de uma sociedade utópica
and adventure.
de fortalecimento e aventura.
at foreign terrorist fighters,
guerreiros terroristas
with the wind in their hair
com o vento a bater nos cabelos
and women going to join them
e tornamo-nos num herói.
that's the propaganda being given.
essa tem sido a propaganda utilizada.
são bons a fazer
confusing, nuanced world
confuso e cheio de matizes
into black and white,
apenas em preto e branco,
about ISIS, Daesh,
sobre o ISIS, o Daesh
in how we look at these processes,
nós olhamos para estes processos,
and their tactics.
um movimento moderno.
and the usage of social media,
da Internet e das redes sociais,
tweeting and videos of beheadings.
no Twitter e nos vídeos de decapitações.
does not radicalize you.
não nos radicaliza.
does do is it is a catalyst.
uma escala global e rapidez
of a jihadist changed for us.
do jihadista mudou para nós.
we were in their kitchens.
tweeting in their own languages.
a twittar na sua própria língua.
do seu dia de casamento,
talking about their wedding day,
to Grand Theft Auto being made.
tornaram-se humanos.
is that trying to counter it,
and social media companies
só tentaram censurar.
de conteúdos terroristas?"
and they'd just come back up,
para voltarem a aparecer,
having a 25th account
que tinha 25 contas
disseminated everywhere.
para todo o mundo.
and regulations of social media, too.
das redes sociais.
conversation with a recruiter
com um recrutador
plataforma convencional
at which that conversation
passava a ser ilegal,
mais pequena, menos regulamentada,
less regulated,
track where that conversation went.
localizar o rumo da conversa.
alternatives to censorship.
desenvolver alternativas à mesma.
because it's state-building.
porque fixa-se na construção de um Estado.
accountants, hackers and women.
contabilistas, "hackers" e mulheres.
a huge increase of women going
de mulheres a afiliar-se
mas especialmente no ano passado.
pessoas que se juntam ao extremismo
of the people going over to join
this process with.
neste processo.
some of the positive things
de algumas das coisas positivas
to prevent and counter violent extremism.
e enfrentar o extremismo violento.
than countering,
in medical terms.
so you are naturally resilient
naturalmente resistentes
a symptom or a sign
sintomas ou sinais
extremist ideology.
extremista violenta.
about really broad groups of people
para torná-los resistentes.
and agree with certain things online,
e a concordar com certas coisas online,
if somebody already has a swastika tattoo
a tatuagem de uma suástica
of each one of those levels
de cada um desses níveis
de abordar essas pessoas.
of engaging with people are becoming.
that we helped develop.
que nós ajudámos a desenvolver.
within a classroom setting,
num ambiente de sala de aula,
can be very hard to try to explain,
pode ser difícil de tentar explicar,
and survivors of extremism
e sobreviventes de extremismo
and create question-giving to classrooms,
e criam oportunidades de perguntas
discussão sobre o tópico.
que perdeu o filho
e morreu a lutar pelo ISIS,
fighting for ISIS,
que era extremamente violento.
and where they're at and regret,
onde estão agora, como se arrependem
to have a dialogue around it.
à volta destas experiências.
of individuals,
muitas vozes da sociedade civil.
of civil society voices.
that are looking for information online,
que estão a procurar informação online,
com uma certa ideologia,
identity questions?
questões de identidade?
large groups of civil society voices
de vozes da sociedade civil
app developers, artists, comedians,
de aplicações, artistas, comediantes
to very strategic audiences.
para uma audiência estratégica.
creating a satirical video
que faça troça da fobia ao Islão,
to 15- to 20-year-olds online
entre os 15 e os 20 anos
de "poder branco"
"marketing" para serem específicas
to be very specific,
when somebody's viewing, watching
alguém está a assistir
it's not me or you --
não sou eu nem vocês,
that we are looking to engage with.
que pretendemos atingir.
a pilot program called "One to One,"
piloto chamado "Um para um",
to a group of labeled neofascists
com grupos de neofascistas
Messenger into their inbox, saying,
pelo Messenger, a dizer:
Já estive no teu lugar
I've been there.
from this sort of interaction.
ameaças de morte com estas interações.
a former neo-Nazi say, "Hey, how are you?"
a dizer "Olá, como estás?"
that around 60 percent
dessas pessoas responderam
had sustained engagement,
outras 60% mantiveram o diálogo,
having conversations
about what they were going through,
sobre as suas dificuldades,
for talking about these subjects,
sobre como abordar esses assuntos,
unlikely sectors to the table.
all over the world,
por todo o mundo,
their messages are not strategic
não são estratégicas
the audiences they want to reach.
de antigos extremistas.
of former extremists.
in different parts of the world.
de diferentes partes do mundo.
o sector tecnológico em cima da mesa
to bring the tech sector to the table
and marketing expertise
e técnicos de "marketing"
a more robust and challenging of extremism
de luta contra o extremismo
that if you are in the audience
a quem está na plateia
that this is your sector,
that you have right now
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Erin Marie Saltman - Policy researcherDr. Erin Marie Saltman manages Facebook's counterterrorism and counter-extremism policy work for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
Why you should listen
Dr. Erin Marie Saltman's background and expertise includes both Far Right and Islamist extremist processes of radicalization within a range of regional and socio-political contexts. Her research and publications have focused on the evolving nature of online extremism and terrorism, gender dynamics within violent extremist organizations and youth radicalization. Saltman has previously held senior research positions at Quilliam Foundation and the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, where she managed international programs. She has also worked with local activists, artists and techies to challenge violent extremism.
As Facebook's Counterterrorism Policy Manager based in London, Saltman regularly speaks with both governments and NGOs on issues related to how Facebook counters terrorism and violent extremism. She has also helped establish the Global Internet Forum to Counter Terrorism, bringing together leading industry partners (Facebook, Google, Microsoft and Twitter) with smaller startups and tech companies to create cross-platform knowledge sharing, technology solutions and research.
Saltman remains a Research Fellow at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue. She is a graduate of Columbia University (BA) and University College London (MA and PhD). View her articles and publications here.
Erin Marie Saltman | Speaker | TED.com