TED2016
ShaoLan: The Chinese zodiac, explained
ShaoLan Hsueh: Čínsky horoskop, vysvetlenie
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Štvrtina svetovej populácie sa zaujíma o čínsky horoskop. I keď naň neveríte, je múdre vedieť ako funguje, vraví technologička a podnikateľka ShaoLan Hsueh. V tomto vtipnom, informatívnom prejave, ShaoLan zdieľa tipy na porozumenie starovekej tradície a opisuje, ako podľa tohto presvedčenia ovplyvňuje vašu osobnosť, kariéru, vyhliadky na manželstvo, a ako sa vám bude dariť v danom roku. Čo o vás hovorí vaše znamenie?
ShaoLan Hsueh - Technologist, entrepreneur
ShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West. Full bio
ShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Have you ever been asked
by your Chinese friend,
by your Chinese friend,
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Už sa vás niekedy váš známy z Číny opýtal,
00:15
"What is your zodiac sign?"
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"Aké je tvoje znamenie?"
00:17
Don't think they are making small talk.
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Nemyslite si, že ide o všedný rozhovor.
00:20
If you say, "I'm a Monkey,"
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Ak poviete, "Som Opica,"
00:22
they immediately know
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okamžite vedia,
00:23
you are either 24, 36, 48 or 60 years old.
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že máte buď 24, 36, 48 alebo 60 rokov.
00:27
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
00:28
Asking a zodiac sign is a polite way
of asking your age.
of asking your age.
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Zistenie znamenia je zdvorilý spôsob,
ako sa opýtať na váš vek.
ako sa opýtať na váš vek.
00:32
By revealing your zodiac sign,
you are also being evaluated.
you are also being evaluated.
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Na základe vášho znamenia
vás taktiež ohodnotia.
vás taktiež ohodnotia.
00:36
Judgments are being made
about your fortune or misfortune,
about your fortune or misfortune,
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Posúdia tak vaše šťastie alebo nešťastie,
00:40
your personality, career prospects
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vašu osobnosť, kariérne výhliadky
00:42
and how you will do in a given year.
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a ako sa vám bude dariť v danom roku.
00:45
If you share you and your
partner's animal signs,
partner's animal signs,
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Ak zdieľate svoje
a partnerove zvieracie znamenie,
a partnerove zvieracie znamenie,
00:48
they will paint a picture in their mind
about your private life.
about your private life.
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vytvoria si v mysli obraz
o vašom osobnom živote.
o vašom osobnom živote.
00:52
Maybe you don't believe
in the Chinese zodiac.
in the Chinese zodiac.
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Možno v čínsky horoskop neveríte.
00:55
As a quarter of the world population
is influenced by it,
is influenced by it,
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Keďže je ním ovplyvnená
štvrtina svetovej populácie,
štvrtina svetovej populácie,
00:59
you'd be wise to do something about that.
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bolo by múdre s tým niečo urobiť.
01:02
So what is the Chinese zodiac, exactly?
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Čo je teda vlastne čínsky horoskop?
01:05
Most Westerners think
of Greco-Roman zodiac,
of Greco-Roman zodiac,
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Väčšine ľudí na západe napadne
grécko-rímsky horoskop,
grécko-rímsky horoskop,
01:09
the signs divided into 12 months.
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kde sú znamenia rozdelené do 12 mesiacov.
01:11
The Chinese zodiac is different.
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Čínsky horoskop je iný.
01:13
It's a 12-year cycle labeled with animals,
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Je to 12-ročný cyklus
označený zvieratami,
označený zvieratami,
01:17
starting with a Rat and ending with a Pig,
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začínajúci Potkanom a končiaci Prasaťom,
01:19
and has no association
with constellations.
with constellations.
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a nemá žiadnu asociáciu
s hviezdnymi konšteláciami.
s hviezdnymi konšteláciami.
01:23
For example, if you were born
in 1975, you are a Rabbit.
in 1975, you are a Rabbit.
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Napríklad, ak ste sa narodili
v roku 1975, ste Zajac.
v roku 1975, ste Zajac.
01:29
Can you see your zodiac sign there?
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Môžete tam vidieť vaše znamenie?
01:32
Our Chinese ancestors constructed
a very complicated theoretical framework
a very complicated theoretical framework
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Naši čínski predkovia vytvorili
veľmi komplikovaný, teoretický rámec
veľmi komplikovaný, teoretický rámec
01:37
based on yin and yang, the five elements
and the 12 zodiac animals.
and the 12 zodiac animals.
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založený na jin a jang, 5 elementoch
a 12 zvieracích znameniach.
a 12 zvieracích znameniach.
01:42
Over thousands of years,
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Viac ako tisíc rokov,
01:44
this popular culture has affected
people's major decisions,
people's major decisions,
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táto populárna kultúra
ovplyvnila základné rozhodnutia ľudí,
ovplyvnila základné rozhodnutia ľudí,
01:48
such as naming, marriage, giving birth
and attitude towards each other.
and attitude towards each other.
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ako pomenovanie detí, manželstvo,
rodenie potomkov a prístup voči ľuďom.
rodenie potomkov a prístup voči ľuďom.
01:54
And some of the implications
are quite amazing.
are quite amazing.
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Niektoré z dôsledkov sú skutočne úžasné.
01:58
The Chinese believe certain animals
get on better than the others.
get on better than the others.
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Číňania veria, že niektoré znamenia
spolu vychádzajú lepšie ako druhé.
spolu vychádzajú lepšie ako druhé.
02:03
So parents choose specific years
to give birth to babies,
to give birth to babies,
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Rodičia si tak vyberú určité roky na to,
aby priviedli deti na svet,
aby priviedli deti na svet,
02:07
because they believe the team effort
by the right combination of animals
by the right combination of animals
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pretože veria, že správnou kombináciou
zvierat môže tímová práca
zvierat môže tímová práca
02:12
can give prosperity to families.
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priniesť rodine blahobyt.
02:15
We even refer to the zodiac
when entering into romantic relations.
when entering into romantic relations.
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Na horoskop sa môžeme obrátiť
aj pri vstupovaní do romantických vzťahov.
aj pri vstupovaní do romantických vzťahov.
02:20
I'm a Pig; I should have perfect romance
with Tigers, Goats and Rabbits.
with Tigers, Goats and Rabbits.
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Som Prasa. Mala by som mať perfektný vzťah
s Tigrami, Kozami a Zajacmi.
s Tigrami, Kozami a Zajacmi.
02:27
Chinese people believe some animals
are natural enemies.
are natural enemies.
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Číňania veria, že niektoré zvieratá
sú prirodzenými nepriateľmi.
sú prirodzenými nepriateľmi.
02:31
As a Pig, I need
to be careful with a Snake.
to be careful with a Snake.
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Ako Prasa si musím dať pozor na Hada.
02:35
Raise your hand if you are a Snake.
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Zdvihnite ruku, ak ste Had.
02:37
Let's have a chat later.
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Porozprávajme sa neskôr.
02:39
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:40
We believe some animals
are luckier than the others,
are luckier than the others,
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Veríme, že niektoré zvieratá
majú viac šťastia ako iné,
majú viac šťastia ako iné,
02:43
such as the Dragon.
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napríklad Drak.
02:45
Unlike the Western tradition,
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Narozdiel od západnej tradície,
02:47
the Chinese Dragon is a symbol
for power, strength and wealth.
for power, strength and wealth.
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čínsky Drak je symbolom
moci, sily a bohatstva.
moci, sily a bohatstva.
02:52
It's everyone's dream
to have a Dragon baby.
to have a Dragon baby.
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Je každého snom mať dieťa v znamení Draka.
02:55
Jack Ma's parents
must have been very proud.
must have been very proud.
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Rodičia Jacka Maa musia byť veľmi pyšní.
02:58
And they are not the only ones.
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A nie sú jediní.
03:00
In 2012, the Year of the Dragon,
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V roku 2012, roku Draka,
03:03
the birthrate in China,
Hong Kong and Taiwan
Hong Kong and Taiwan
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pôrodnosť v Číne, Hong Kongu a Taiwane
03:05
increased by five percent.
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vzrástla o 5 percent.
03:07
That means another
one million more babies.
one million more babies.
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To znamená o milión detí viac.
03:12
With a traditional
preference to baby boys,
preference to baby boys,
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S tradičnou preferenciou chlapcov,
03:15
the boy-girl ratio that year
was 120 to 100.
was 120 to 100.
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pomer chlapec-dievča
bol toho roku 120:100.
bol toho roku 120:100.
03:20
When those Dragon boys grow up,
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Keď títo Draci vyrastú,
03:22
they will face much more severe
competition in love and job markets.
competition in love and job markets.
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budú čeliť oveľa náročnejšej konkurencii
v láske a na pracovnom trhu.
v láske a na pracovnom trhu.
03:27
According to the BBC and the Chinese
government's press release,
government's press release,
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Podľa BBC a tlačovej správy
čínskej vlády,
čínskej vlády,
03:31
January 2015 saw a peak
of Cesarean sections.
of Cesarean sections.
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v januári 2015 dosiahol počet
cisárskych rezov svoj vrchol.
cisárskych rezov svoj vrchol.
03:36
Why?
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Prečo?
03:38
That was the last month
for the Year of the Horse.
for the Year of the Horse.
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Bol to posledný mesiac roku Koňa.
03:42
It's not because they like horses so much,
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Nebolo to preto, že majú tak radi kone,
03:44
it's because they try to avoid
having unlucky Goat babies.
having unlucky Goat babies.
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ale preto, lebo sa snažili vyhnúť
nešťastnému znameniu Kozy.
nešťastnému znameniu Kozy.
03:48
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:49
If you are a Goat, please don't feel bad.
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Ak ste Koza, prosím necíťte sa zle.
03:52
Those are Goat babies.
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Tamto sú deti Kozy.
03:53
They don't look like losers to me.
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Nepripadajú mi ako stroskotanci.
03:56
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:57
Tiger is another undesirable animal,
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Tiger je ďalšie nežiadúce zviera,
04:00
due to its volatile temperament.
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kvôli jeho prchkému temperamentu.
04:02
Many Chinese regions
saw a sharp decline of birthrate
saw a sharp decline of birthrate
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Mnoho čínskych regiónov
zaznamenal ostrý pokles pôrodnosti
zaznamenal ostrý pokles pôrodnosti
04:06
during those years.
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počas tých rokov.
04:08
Perhaps one should consider
zodiac in reverse,
zodiac in reverse,
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Možno by sme mali pozerať na horoskop
z druhého pohľadu,
z druhého pohľadu,
04:11
as those Tiger and Goat babies
will face much less competition.
will face much less competition.
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keďže deti v znamení Tigra a Kozy
budú čeliť omnoho menšej konkurencii.
budú čeliť omnoho menšej konkurencii.
04:16
Maybe they are the lucky ones.
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Možno že oni sú tí šťastlivci.
04:20
I went through the Forbes
top 300 richest people in the world,
top 300 richest people in the world,
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Prešla som rebríček 300 najbohatších
ľudí na svete podľa Forbes,
ľudí na svete podľa Forbes,
04:24
and it's interesting to see
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a je zaujímavé vidieť,
04:26
the most undesirable two animals,
the Goat and Tiger,
the Goat and Tiger,
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že najnežiadanejšie dve zvieratá,
Koza a Tiger,
Koza a Tiger,
04:30
are at the top of the chart,
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sú na vrchu rebríčka,
04:32
even higher than the Dragon.
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dokonca oveľa vyššie ako Drak.
04:34
So maybe we should consider,
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Čiže by sme mali možno zohľadniť,
04:36
maybe it's much better
to have less competition.
to have less competition.
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že je oveľa lepšie
mať nižšiu konkurenciu.
mať nižšiu konkurenciu.
04:40
One last but interesting point:
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Jedna posledná ale dôležitá vec:
04:42
many Chinese people make
their investment decisions
their investment decisions
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veľa Číňanov robí
svoje obchodné rozhodnutia
svoje obchodné rozhodnutia
04:45
based on the zodiac sign index.
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založené na indexe znamení horoskopu.
04:48
Although the belief and tradition
of the zodiac sign
of the zodiac sign
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Hoci viera a tradícia znamení
04:52
has been over thousands of years,
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funguje už viac ako tisíce rokov,
04:55
the trend of using it
in making major decisions
in making major decisions
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trend používania znamení
pri dôležitých rozhodnutiach
pri dôležitých rozhodnutiach
04:58
did not really happen
until the past few decades.
until the past few decades.
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prišiel až v posledných desaťročiach.
05:01
Our ancestors were very busy
surviving poverty, drought,
surviving poverty, drought,
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Naši predkovia boli zaneprázdnení
chudobou, suchom,
chudobou, suchom,
05:06
famine, riot, disease and civil war.
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hladomorom, vzburami,
chorobami a občianskou vojnou.
chorobami a občianskou vojnou.
05:10
And finally, Chinese people
have the time, wealth and technology
have the time, wealth and technology
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Napokon Číňania majú čas,
bohatstvo a technológiu
bohatstvo a technológiu
05:15
to create an ideal life
they've always wanted.
they've always wanted.
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na to, aby si vytvorili ideálny život,
ktorý vždy chceli.
ktorý vždy chceli.
05:19
The collective decision
made by 1.3 billion people
made by 1.3 billion people
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Kolektívne rozhodnutie
urobené 1.3 miliardami ľudí
urobené 1.3 miliardami ľudí
05:23
has caused the fluctuation in economics
and demand on everything,
and demand on everything,
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spôsobilo kolísanie v ekonomike
a dopyte po všetkom,
a dopyte po všetkom,
05:27
from health care and education
to property and consumer goods.
to property and consumer goods.
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od zdravotnej starostlivosti a vzdelania
po nehnuteľnosti a spotrebný tovar.
po nehnuteľnosti a spotrebný tovar.
05:33
As China plays such an important role
in the global economy and geopolitics,
in the global economy and geopolitics,
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Keďže Čína hrá takú dôležitú úlohu
v globálnej ekonomike a geopolitike,
v globálnej ekonomike a geopolitike,
05:38
the decisions made based on the zodiac
and other Chinese traditions
and other Chinese traditions
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rozhodnutia založené na horoskope
a iných čínskych tradíciách
a iných čínskych tradíciách
05:42
end up impacting everyone
around the world.
around the world.
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nakoniec ovplyvňujú každého na svete.
05:47
Are there any Monkeys here?
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Sú tu nejaké Opice?
05:50
2016 is the Year of the Monkey.
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2016 je rok Opice.
05:53
Monkeys are clever, curious,
creative and mischievous.
creative and mischievous.
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Opice sú bystré, zvedavé,
kreatívne a roztopašné.
kreatívne a roztopašné.
05:58
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
06:00
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
ShaoLan Hsueh - Technologist, entrepreneurShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West.
Why you should listen
ShaoLan is an entrepreneur, angel investor, geek, writer, traveller and dreamer. She is the founder and creator of Chineasy, which she launched after her TED Talk in Long Beach, California in 2013.
In just over three years, she has built Chineasy into one of the most popular methods of learning Chinese across the Internet with several hundred thousand fellow learners. Her first book, Chineasy, The New Way to Read Chinese, was launched in March 2014 and has been translated into 18 languages. Her next book, Chineasy Everyday, was launched in March 2016.
ShaoLan is a tech entrepreneur with extensive business experience. At the age of 22, while studying for her MBA, she wrote four best-selling books on software in Taiwan, and her books were bundled by Microsoft. She co-founded pAsia, one of the major players on Internet in Asia in 1990’s. After a second masters degree at the University of Cambridge, she began Caravel Capital in 2005 to advise young tech companies.
Chineasy represents a return for ShaoLan to her artistic upbringing and in many ways a design project. This project is the culmination of her life’s journey through the East and West. Her aim is to help people to understand China, Chinese culture, its language and to bridge the gap between East and West. Her next step is to help Chinese children to enjoy and appreciate the beauty of their own language.
ShaoLan Hsueh | Speaker | TED.com