TED2016
ShaoLan: The Chinese zodiac, explained
शाओलान हु: चाइनिज राशीको बयान
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विश्व जनसंख्याको एकचौथाईले चाइनिज राशीको खुबै विचार गर्छ । तपाईं यसमा विश्वास गर्नुहुन्न भने पनि थाहा पाईराख्नु राम्रो भन्छिन् टेक्नोलोजिस्ट एवं व्यवसायी शाओलान हु । यो रमाइलो तथा जानकारीमुलक व्याख्यानमा शाओलान हु यस पुरातन प्रबिधिबारे बुझ्ने तरीका बताउनको साथै, आफ्नो व्यक्तित्व, जीविका, विवाह आदिको बारेमा गरिने विश्वासको बारेमा बताउछिन् । तपाईंको राशिले के भन्छ त ?
ShaoLan Hsueh - Technologist, entrepreneur
ShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West. Full bio
ShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Have you ever been asked
by your Chinese friend,
by your Chinese friend,
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तपाईंलाइ कुनै चाइनिज साथीले
कहिल्यै सोधेका छन् -
कहिल्यै सोधेका छन् -
00:15
"What is your zodiac sign?"
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"तपाईंको राशी के हो" ?
00:17
Don't think they are making small talk.
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यो कुनै सानोतिनो गफको प्रश्न होइन ।
00:20
If you say, "I'm a Monkey,"
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यदि तपाईंले भन्नुभो मेरो राशी "बाँदर" हो
00:22
they immediately know
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उनीहरुले थाहा पाईहाल्छन्
00:23
you are either 24, 36, 48 or 60 years old.
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तपाई २४, ३६, ४८, ६० मध्ये कुनै
वर्षको हुनुभो ।
वर्षको हुनुभो ।
00:27
(Laughter)
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-----(हाँसो)-----
00:28
Asking a zodiac sign is a polite way
of asking your age.
of asking your age.
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राशी सोध्नु भनेको विनम्र तरीकाले
तपाईंको उमेर सोध्नु हो ।
तपाईंको उमेर सोध्नु हो ।
00:32
By revealing your zodiac sign,
you are also being evaluated.
you are also being evaluated.
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आफ्नो राशीको बारेमा थाहा दिएर, तपाईं
आफ्नो मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने मौका दिनुहुन्छ ।
आफ्नो मूल्याङ्कन गर्ने मौका दिनुहुन्छ ।
00:36
Judgments are being made
about your fortune or misfortune,
about your fortune or misfortune,
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मूल्याङ्कन गरिने कुराहरु हुन्छन् -
तपाईंको भाग्य, दुर्भाग्य,
तपाईंको भाग्य, दुर्भाग्य,
00:40
your personality, career prospects
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तपाईको व्यक्तित्व, पेशा,
00:42
and how you will do in a given year.
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र तपाईंको कुनै निश्चित वर्ष कस्तो हुन्छ।
00:45
If you share you and your
partner's animal signs,
partner's animal signs,
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यदि तपाईंले आफ्नो र आफ्नो जोडाको
राशी भन्नुभयो भने ,
राशी भन्नुभयो भने ,
00:48
they will paint a picture in their mind
about your private life.
about your private life.
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उनीहरुको दिमागमा तपाईंको व्यक्तिगत
जीवनको चित्र बन्नेछ ।
जीवनको चित्र बन्नेछ ।
00:52
Maybe you don't believe
in the Chinese zodiac.
in the Chinese zodiac.
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हुनसक्छ तपाईंलाइ चाइनिज राशी
चिन्हमा विश्वास नलाग्ला ।
चिन्हमा विश्वास नलाग्ला ।
00:55
As a quarter of the world population
is influenced by it,
is influenced by it,
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एक चौथाई विश्व यसबाट प्रभावित भएकोले पनि,
00:59
you'd be wise to do something about that.
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धेरै थोरै त्यसको बारेमा थाहा
पाउनु राम्रै होला ।
पाउनु राम्रै होला ।
01:02
So what is the Chinese zodiac, exactly?
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बास्तबमा चाइनिज राशी चिन्ह के हो त ?
01:05
Most Westerners think
of Greco-Roman zodiac,
of Greco-Roman zodiac,
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प्रायः पश्चिमाहरु ग्रीक-रोमन
राशिमा विश्वास गर्छन् ।
राशिमा विश्वास गर्छन् ।
01:09
the signs divided into 12 months.
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जहाँ, १२ महिनालाई राशिको रुपमा
बाँडेको हुन्छ ।
बाँडेको हुन्छ ।
01:11
The Chinese zodiac is different.
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चाइनिज राशी अलि फरक छ ।
01:13
It's a 12-year cycle labeled with animals,
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यसमा जनावरहरुले प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने
१२ वर्षे चक्र हुन्छ,
१२ वर्षे चक्र हुन्छ,
01:17
starting with a Rat and ending with a Pig,
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जुन मुसाबाट सुरु भएर सुँगुरमा
पुगेर टुंगिन्छ,
पुगेर टुंगिन्छ,
01:19
and has no association
with constellations.
with constellations.
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र यसमा ग्रहहरुको स्थानको कुनै अर्थ छैन ।
01:23
For example, if you were born
in 1975, you are a Rabbit.
in 1975, you are a Rabbit.
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उदाहरणको लागि , यदि तपाईंको जन्म १९७५ मा
भएको हो भने, तपाईंको राशी खरायो हो ।
भएको हो भने, तपाईंको राशी खरायो हो ।
01:29
Can you see your zodiac sign there?
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त्यहाँ आफ्नो राशी देख्न सक्नुहुन्छ ?
01:32
Our Chinese ancestors constructed
a very complicated theoretical framework
a very complicated theoretical framework
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चाइनिज पुर्खाहरुले जटिल सैद्धान्तिक
ढाँचाको निर्माण गरे,
ढाँचाको निर्माण गरे,
01:37
based on yin and yang, the five elements
and the 12 zodiac animals.
and the 12 zodiac animals.
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जुन यीन र यांग, ५ तत्वहरु, १२ राशीका
जनावरको आधारमा छ ।
जनावरको आधारमा छ ।
01:42
Over thousands of years,
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बिगतका हजारौं बर्ष देखि,
01:44
this popular culture has affected
people's major decisions,
people's major decisions,
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यो संस्कृतिले मानव निर्णय प्रक्रियामा
ठुलो भूमिका खेलेको छ ।
ठुलो भूमिका खेलेको छ ।
01:48
such as naming, marriage, giving birth
and attitude towards each other.
and attitude towards each other.
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जस्तो: नामकरण, विवाह, जन्म र
एक अर्का प्रतिको व्यवहार
एक अर्का प्रतिको व्यवहार
01:54
And some of the implications
are quite amazing.
are quite amazing.
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कतिपय लगाव साह्रै अचम्मको पनि छ ।
01:58
The Chinese believe certain animals
get on better than the others.
get on better than the others.
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चाइनिजहरु विश्वास गर्छन् कि कुनै एक
जनावर भन्दा अर्को राम्रो हुन्छ ।
जनावर भन्दा अर्को राम्रो हुन्छ ।
02:03
So parents choose specific years
to give birth to babies,
to give birth to babies,
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त्यसैले बच्चा जन्माउन कुनै
निश्चित बर्ष छान्छन्,
निश्चित बर्ष छान्छन्,
02:07
because they believe the team effort
by the right combination of animals
by the right combination of animals
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किन कि, उनीहरुलाई विश्वास छ,
जनावरहरुको सही संयोगले
जनावरहरुको सही संयोगले
02:12
can give prosperity to families.
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परिवारको समृद्धिमा वृद्धि गर्छ ।
02:15
We even refer to the zodiac
when entering into romantic relations.
when entering into romantic relations.
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हामी रोमान्टिक सम्बन्ध बनाउनु
अघि समेत राशी हेर्छौं ।
अघि समेत राशी हेर्छौं ।
02:20
I'm a Pig; I should have perfect romance
with Tigers, Goats and Rabbits.
with Tigers, Goats and Rabbits.
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मेरो राशी सुँगुर हो; रोमान्सको लागि उत्तम
मेरो राशी हो - बाघ, बाख्रा र खरायो ।
मेरो राशी हो - बाघ, बाख्रा र खरायो ।
02:27
Chinese people believe some animals
are natural enemies.
are natural enemies.
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चाइनिजहरु बिश्वास गर्छन् कि केही जनावरहरु
प्राकृतिकरुप मैं शत्रू हुन्छन् ।
प्राकृतिकरुप मैं शत्रू हुन्छन् ।
02:31
As a Pig, I need
to be careful with a Snake.
to be careful with a Snake.
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सुँगुर हुनाले मैंले सधैं सर्पसंग
सतर्क हुनुपर्छ ।
सतर्क हुनुपर्छ ।
02:35
Raise your hand if you are a Snake.
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सर्प राशी हुनेहरु हात उठाउनुस् त !
02:37
Let's have a chat later.
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अहिले पछि भेटेर कुरा गरौंला ।
02:39
(Laughter)
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-----(हाँसो)-----
02:40
We believe some animals
are luckier than the others,
are luckier than the others,
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कुनै एउटा भन्दा अर्को जनावर भाग्यशाली
हुने कुरामा हाम्रो विश्वास छ,
हुने कुरामा हाम्रो विश्वास छ,
02:43
such as the Dragon.
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जस्तै: ड्रागन ।
02:45
Unlike the Western tradition,
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पश्चिमेली परम्पराभन्दा फरक,
02:47
the Chinese Dragon is a symbol
for power, strength and wealth.
for power, strength and wealth.
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चाइनिज ड्रागनलाइ शक्ति, सामर्थ्य र
सम्पन्नताको प्रतीकको रुपमा हेरिन्छ ।
सम्पन्नताको प्रतीकको रुपमा हेरिन्छ ।
02:52
It's everyone's dream
to have a Dragon baby.
to have a Dragon baby.
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हरेक व्यक्तिको ड्रागन राशीको बच्चाको
सपना हुन्छ ।
सपना हुन्छ ।
02:55
Jack Ma's parents
must have been very proud.
must have been very proud.
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ज्याक मा'का आमा-बुवा पक्कै
गौरवान्वित हुनुपर्छ ।
गौरवान्वित हुनुपर्छ ।
02:58
And they are not the only ones.
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तर केवल उनीहरुमात्रै होइन ।
03:00
In 2012, the Year of the Dragon,
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सन् २०१२, ड्रागन राशिको वर्ष,
03:03
the birthrate in China,
Hong Kong and Taiwan
Hong Kong and Taiwan
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चाइना, हंगकंग र ताइवानको जन्मदरमा
03:05
increased by five percent.
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५% ले वृद्धि भएको थियो ।
03:07
That means another
one million more babies.
one million more babies.
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त्यसको अर्थ अर्को १० लाख बच्चाको जन्म
03:12
With a traditional
preference to baby boys,
preference to baby boys,
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छोरी भन्दा छोराको प्राथमिकताहुने
पुरातन चलन अनुसार,
पुरातन चलन अनुसार,
03:15
the boy-girl ratio that year
was 120 to 100.
was 120 to 100.
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त्यो बर्षको केटा र केटीको अनुपात
१२० : १०० भएको थियो ।
१२० : १०० भएको थियो ।
03:20
When those Dragon boys grow up,
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जब यी ड्रागन बच्चाहरु हुर्किने छन्,
03:22
they will face much more severe
competition in love and job markets.
competition in love and job markets.
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उनीहरुले प्रेम र नोकरीको क्षेत्रमा कठिन
भन्दा कठिन प्रतियोगिता गर्नुपर्ने छ ।
भन्दा कठिन प्रतियोगिता गर्नुपर्ने छ ।
03:27
According to the BBC and the Chinese
government's press release,
government's press release,
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BBC र चाइनिज सरकारको
प्रेस वक्तव्य अनुसार,
प्रेस वक्तव्य अनुसार,
03:31
January 2015 saw a peak
of Cesarean sections.
of Cesarean sections.
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सन् २०१५को जनवरीमा शल्य क्रियाको
संख्या अत्यन्त बढेको थियो ।
संख्या अत्यन्त बढेको थियो ।
03:36
Why?
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किन ?
03:38
That was the last month
for the Year of the Horse.
for the Year of the Horse.
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किनकि त्यो घोडा वर्षको अन्तिम महिना थियो ।
03:42
It's not because they like horses so much,
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घोडा धेरै मनपर्ने भएर होइन कि,
03:44
it's because they try to avoid
having unlucky Goat babies.
having unlucky Goat babies.
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उनीहरु त्यसभन्दा पछि शुरुहुने अशुभ
बाख्रा राशीबाट बच्न चाहन्थे ।
बाख्रा राशीबाट बच्न चाहन्थे ।
03:48
(Laughter)
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-----(हाँसो)-----
03:49
If you are a Goat, please don't feel bad.
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बाख्रा राशी हुनेले दु:खमनाउ नगर्नुहोला ।
03:52
Those are Goat babies.
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उनीहरु बाख्रा राशी भए पनि
03:53
They don't look like losers to me.
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मभन्दा धेरै सफल छन् ।
03:56
(Laughter)
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-----(हाँसो)-----
03:57
Tiger is another undesirable animal,
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बाघ अर्को अनिच्छित जनावर हो,
04:00
due to its volatile temperament.
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उनीहरुको अस्थिर स्वभावको कारणले ।
04:02
Many Chinese regions
saw a sharp decline of birthrate
saw a sharp decline of birthrate
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यी वर्षहरुमा चाइनिज जनसंख्या वृद्धि
उल्लेखनीय
उल्लेखनीय
04:06
during those years.
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रुपमा ओरालो लाग्छ ।
04:08
Perhaps one should consider
zodiac in reverse,
zodiac in reverse,
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कसैले यो राशीलाई उल्टोबाट हेर्नु आवश्यक छ।
04:11
as those Tiger and Goat babies
will face much less competition.
will face much less competition.
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किन कि, बाघ र बाख्रा राशीहुनेहरुले
अत्यन्त कम प्रतियोगिता गरे पुग्छ ।
अत्यन्त कम प्रतियोगिता गरे पुग्छ ।
04:16
Maybe they are the lucky ones.
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न उनै पो भाग्यशाली हुन् कि !
04:20
I went through the Forbes
top 300 richest people in the world,
top 300 richest people in the world,
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फोब्स पत्रिकाको विश्वका सर्वाधिक धनी
३०० मान्छेहरु सूची हेर्दा,
३०० मान्छेहरु सूची हेर्दा,
04:24
and it's interesting to see
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रमाइलो प्रसंग छ यहाँ,
04:26
the most undesirable two animals,
the Goat and Tiger,
the Goat and Tiger,
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सबैभन्दा बढी अनिच्छित बाघ र
बाख्रा राशीहुनेहरु
बाख्रा राशीहुनेहरु
04:30
are at the top of the chart,
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तालिकामा सबैभन्दा माथि छन्,
04:32
even higher than the Dragon.
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ड्रागन हुने भन्दा पनि माथि !
04:34
So maybe we should consider,
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त्यसैले हामीले विचार गर्नुपर्छ,
04:36
maybe it's much better
to have less competition.
to have less competition.
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थोरैमा प्रतियोगिता हुनु नै राम्रो हो कि !
04:40
One last but interesting point:
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अन्तिम तर रोचक प्रसंग:
04:42
many Chinese people make
their investment decisions
their investment decisions
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धेरै चाइनिजहरु लगानीको निर्णय,
04:45
based on the zodiac sign index.
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आफ्नो राशी सूचकांकको आधारमा गर्छन् ।
04:48
Although the belief and tradition
of the zodiac sign
of the zodiac sign
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राशी चिन्हमाथिको विश्वास
04:52
has been over thousands of years,
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हजारौं बर्ष पुरानो भएपनि,
04:55
the trend of using it
in making major decisions
in making major decisions
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मूख्य निर्णय लिने बेलामा यसको प्रयोगको चलन
04:58
did not really happen
until the past few decades.
until the past few decades.
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विगतका केही सताब्दिदेखि मात्रै
भएको देखिन्छ ।
भएको देखिन्छ ।
05:01
Our ancestors were very busy
surviving poverty, drought,
surviving poverty, drought,
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हाम्रा पुर्खाहरु गरिवी, सुक्खा, अनिकाल,
05:06
famine, riot, disease and civil war.
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रोग र गृहयुद्धसंग संघर्ष गर्दैमा बिते ।
05:10
And finally, Chinese people
have the time, wealth and technology
have the time, wealth and technology
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अहिले आएर चाइनिज जनसंख्यासंग
समय, सम्पत्ति र प्रविधि छ,
समय, सम्पत्ति र प्रविधि छ,
05:15
to create an ideal life
they've always wanted.
they've always wanted.
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र आफुले चाहेजस्तो जीवन जिउन सक्षम छन् ।
05:19
The collective decision
made by 1.3 billion people
made by 1.3 billion people
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१.३ अरब जनसंख्याले गरेको सामूहिक निर्णयले
05:23
has caused the fluctuation in economics
and demand on everything,
and demand on everything,
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अस्थिर अर्थनीति र सबैकुराको
मागमा असर गर्यो-
मागमा असर गर्यो-
05:27
from health care and education
to property and consumer goods.
to property and consumer goods.
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स्वास्थ्य सेवा, शिक्षा देखि लिएर सम्पत्ति
र उपभोग्य सामग्री सम्म
र उपभोग्य सामग्री सम्म
05:33
As China plays such an important role
in the global economy and geopolitics,
in the global economy and geopolitics,
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जसरी चाइनाले अन्तरराष्ट्रिय अर्थनीति र
सम्बन्धमा ठुलो भूमिका खेल्छ,
सम्बन्धमा ठुलो भूमिका खेल्छ,
05:38
the decisions made based on the zodiac
and other Chinese traditions
and other Chinese traditions
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राशी एवं अन्य पुरातनमा आधारित
चिनियाँ निर्णयले
चिनियाँ निर्णयले
05:42
end up impacting everyone
around the world.
around the world.
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विश्वभरीकै मानिसहरुलाई असर गर्दछ ।
05:47
Are there any Monkeys here?
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बाँदर राशी हुने कोही छ ?
05:50
2016 is the Year of the Monkey.
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२०१६ बाँदर राशिको बर्ष हो
05:53
Monkeys are clever, curious,
creative and mischievous.
creative and mischievous.
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बाँदरहरु चलाख, जिज्ञासु, सृजनशील
र उपद्रवी हुन्छन्
र उपद्रवी हुन्छन्
05:58
Thank you.
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---- धन्यवाद -----
06:00
(Applause)
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---- ताली -----
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
ShaoLan Hsueh - Technologist, entrepreneurShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West.
Why you should listen
ShaoLan is an entrepreneur, angel investor, geek, writer, traveller and dreamer. She is the founder and creator of Chineasy, which she launched after her TED Talk in Long Beach, California in 2013.
In just over three years, she has built Chineasy into one of the most popular methods of learning Chinese across the Internet with several hundred thousand fellow learners. Her first book, Chineasy, The New Way to Read Chinese, was launched in March 2014 and has been translated into 18 languages. Her next book, Chineasy Everyday, was launched in March 2016.
ShaoLan is a tech entrepreneur with extensive business experience. At the age of 22, while studying for her MBA, she wrote four best-selling books on software in Taiwan, and her books were bundled by Microsoft. She co-founded pAsia, one of the major players on Internet in Asia in 1990’s. After a second masters degree at the University of Cambridge, she began Caravel Capital in 2005 to advise young tech companies.
Chineasy represents a return for ShaoLan to her artistic upbringing and in many ways a design project. This project is the culmination of her life’s journey through the East and West. Her aim is to help people to understand China, Chinese culture, its language and to bridge the gap between East and West. Her next step is to help Chinese children to enjoy and appreciate the beauty of their own language.
ShaoLan Hsueh | Speaker | TED.com