TED2010
Christopher "moot" Poole: The case for anonymity online
Christopher "m00t" Poole: Argumenty v prospech online anonymity
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Zakladateľ kontroverzného, necenzurovaného webfóra "4chan" opisuje jeho subkultúru, niektoré z internetových "mém", ktoré na nej vznikli, a prípad, v ktorom sa používateľom webfóra podarilo verejne a precízne napadnúť webstránku jedného známeho média. Prednáška nastoľuje otázku, akú moc (a cenu) má anonymita.
Christopher "moot" Poole - Founder, 4chan
Christopher "moot" Poole is founder of 4chan, an online imageboard whose anonymous denizens have spawned the web's most bewildering -- and influential -- subculture. Full bio
Christopher "moot" Poole is founder of 4chan, an online imageboard whose anonymous denizens have spawned the web's most bewildering -- and influential -- subculture. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
Tom Green: That's a 4chan thing.
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Tom Green: To je tá 4chan vecička.
00:19
These kids on the Internet, they have this group of kids
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Tie decká na nete vytvárajú skupiny
00:21
and they like to say funny words
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a s radosťou hovoria vtipné slová
00:23
like "barrel roll."
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ako "barrel roll".
00:25
It's a video game move from "Star Fox."
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Je to pohyb v jednej videohre, "Star Fox".
00:27
"Star Fox 20"? (Assistant: "Star Fox 64.")
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Je to "Star Fox 20"? (Asistent: "Star Fox 64".)
00:30
Tom Green: Yeah. And they've been dogging me for a year.
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Tom Green: Jasné. A tie decká ma už rok prenasledujú.
00:32
I got to tell you, it's driving me nuts, actually.
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Musím ti povedať, už ma to fakt vytáča.
00:34
Sometimes I wake up in the middle of the night and I scream,
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Niekedy sa uprostred noci zobudím a zakričím:
00:37
"4chan!"
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"4chan!"
00:43
Christopher Poole: When I was 15,
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Christopher Poole: Keď som mal 15,
00:45
I found this website called Futaba Channel.
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Našiel som webstránku "Futaba Channel".
00:48
And it was a Japanese forum and imageboard.
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Bolo to japonské fórum s obrázkami.
00:52
That format of forum, at that time,
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Štruktúra toho fóra, v tom období,
00:55
was not well-known outside of Japan.
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ešte nebola mimo Japonska známa.
00:57
And so what I did is I took it, I translated it into English,
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A tak som vzal tú stránku, preložil ju do angličtiny
01:00
and I stuck it up for my friends to use.
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a hodil som ju na net pre mojich kamošov.
01:03
Now, six and a half years later,
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Po 6 a pol roku ju teraz
01:05
over seven million people are using it,
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využíva viac ako 7 miliónov ľudí,
01:07
contributing over 700,000 posts per day.
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ktorí pridávajú viac ako 700 000 správ denne.
01:10
And we've gone from one board
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Z jednej stránky sme prešli
01:12
to 48 boards.
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na 48 stránok.
01:15
This is what it looks like.
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Takto vyzerá.
01:17
So, what's unique about the site
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Jedinečné na tejto stránke je,
01:19
is that it's anonymous,
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že je anonymná
01:21
and it has no memory.
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a nemá žiadnu pamäť.
01:23
There's no archive, there are no barriers, there's no registration.
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Neexistuje archív. Neexistujú hranice. Neexistuje registrácia.
01:26
These things that we're used to with forums
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Veci, na ktoré sme si pri iných fórach zvykli,
01:28
don't exist on 4chan.
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na 4chan neexistujú.
01:30
And that's led to this
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A to viedlo ku
01:32
discussion that's completely raw, completely unfiltered.
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vzniku úplne surových, nefiltrovaných diskusií.
01:37
What the site's known for,
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Stránka je však známa
01:39
because it has this environment,
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vďaka prostrediu,
01:41
is it's fostered the creation of a lot of
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v ktorom vzniklo množstvo
01:43
Internet phenomena, viral videos and whatnot, known as "memes."
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internetových fenoménov, populárnych videí a iných vecí, známych ako "mémy".
01:46
Two of the largest memes that have come out of this site
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Jedným z najväčších mémov, ktoré vznikli a
01:48
some of you might be familiar with are these LOLcats --
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ktoré možno poznáte, sú "LOLcats",
01:51
just silly pictures of cats with text.
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smiešne obrázky mačiek s textom.
01:54
And this resonates with millions of people, apparently,
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A tie sa očividne páčia miliónom ľudí,
01:56
because there are tens of thousands of these,
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keďže sú ich desaťtisíce
01:58
and there is a whole blogging empire now
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a existuje už celá blogerská ríša,
02:00
dedicated to pictures like these.
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ktorá sa venuje takýmto obrázkom.
02:03
And Rick Astley's kind of rebirth
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Druhým je akési znovuzrodenie Ricka Astleyho
02:06
these past two years ...
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za uplynulých dvoch rokov...
02:08
Rickroll was this bait and switch,
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"Rickroll" bol taký chyták,
02:10
really simple, classic bait and switch.
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skutočne jednoduchý, klasický chyták.
02:12
Somebody says they're linking to something interesting,
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Niekto povedal, že nalinkuje niečo naozaj zaujímavé,
02:15
and you get an '80s pop song. That's all it was.
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a potom sa objavila pesnička z 80-tych rokov. To bolo všetko.
02:18
And it got big enough to the point where
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A narástlo to až do takej miery,
02:20
there was a float last year at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade,
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že minulý rok sa na pochode v deň vďakyvzdania na dekorovanom aute
02:23
and Rick Astley pops out, and rickrolls
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vynoril Rick Astley a "nachytal"
02:25
millions of people on television.
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milióny televíznych divákov.
02:27
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:30
There are thousands of memes that come out of the site.
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Z tejto stránky vychádzajú tisíce mém.
02:32
There are a handful that have escaped into the mainstream,
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Je ich niekoľko, ktoré sa dostali medzi širšiu verejnosť,
02:34
the ones I've just shown you,
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tie, ktoré som vám ukázal,
02:36
but every day, every month,
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ale každý deň a mesiac
02:39
people are producing thousands of these.
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vyrábajú ľudia tisíce podobných.
02:43
So does a site like this have rules?
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Má teda takáto stránka pravidlá?
02:45
We do; they're the codified rules that I've come up with,
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Áno, máme – sú to ustanovené pravidlá, ktoré som vymyslel
02:48
which are more-or-less ignored by the community.
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a ktoré komunita viac-menej ignoruje.
02:51
And so they've come up with their own set of rules,
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Preto vymysleli svoje vlastné pravidlá,
02:53
the "Rules of the Internet."
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"Pravidlá internetu".
02:55
And so there are three that I want to show you specifically.
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Sú tri, ktoré by som vám chcel konkrétne ukázať.
02:58
Rule one is you don't talk about /b/.
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Pravidlo jeden: "O /b/-čku sa nehovorí."
03:01
Two is you do not talk about /b/.
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Dva: "O /b/-čku sa NEHOVORÍ."
03:04
And this one's kind of interesting:
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A toto je dosť zaujímavé:
03:06
"If it exists, there is porn of it. No exceptions."
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"Ak to existuje, je to porno. Bez výnimky."
03:09
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
03:11
And I will spare you that slide.
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Tej ukážky vás radšej ušetrím.
03:13
I assure you, it is very true.
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Môžete si byť istý, že to tak je.
03:16
/b/ is the first board we started with,
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/b/-čko je prvá stránka, ktorú sme vytvorili,
03:19
and it is, in many ways,
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a v mnohých veciach je
03:21
the beating heart of the website.
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srdcom webstránky.
03:23
It is where a third of all the traffic is going.
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Objavuje sa na nej tretina všetkých správ.
03:26
And /b/ is known for,
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A /b/-čko je známe,
03:28
more than anything,
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viac než čokoľvek iné,
03:30
not just the memes they've created, but the exploits.
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nielen pre svoje mémy, ale pre pozoruhodné činy.
03:33
And Chris just touched on one of those a second ago,
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A Chris tu už pred chvíľou spomenul jeden z nich,
03:36
and that was the Time 100 poll.
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hlasovanie o najvplyvnejších ľuďoch "Time 100".
03:39
So somebody at Time, at the magazine,
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Niekomu v časopise Time
03:41
thought it would be fun to nominate me
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napadlo, že by bola zábava nominovať ma
03:43
for this thing they did last year.
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do minuloročného hlasovania.
03:46
And so they placed me on it,
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A tak ma tam dali
03:48
and the Internet got wind of it. My community
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a rozšírilo sa to po internete. Moja komunita
03:51
decided they wanted me to win it.
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sa rozhodla, že hlasovanie vyhrám.
03:54
I didn't instruct them to do it; they just decided that that's what they wanted.
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Ja som ich o to nežiadal, proste sa rozhodli, že to chcú urobiť.
03:57
And so, you know, 390 percent approval rating ain't so bad.
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Takže... obľúbenosť 390% nie je až tak zlá.
04:00
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:02
So they broke that poll.
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To hlasovanie teda nalomili.
04:05
And I ended up on top.
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A ja som skončil na vrchu.
04:07
I ended up at this really fancy party.
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Dostal som sa na túto exkluzívnu party.
04:10
But that's not what's interesting about this.
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Ale to nie je na tom to zaujímavé.
04:13
It's that they weren't putting me at the top of this list;
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Nešlo o to, aby ma dostali až na vrch zoznamu,
04:16
they were actually --
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v skutočnosti
04:18
it got so sophisticated to the point where they gamed
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to bolo tak prepracované, že sa im podarilo zoradiť
04:20
all of the top 21 places
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prvých 21 umiestnených tak,
04:23
to spell "mARBLECAKE. ALSO, THE GAME."
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aby vzniklo vertikálne: "mRAMOROVÁ BÁBOVKA. AJ HRA."
04:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:29
The amount of time and effort that went into that
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To množstvo času a úsilia, ktoré do toho vložili,
04:32
is absolutely incredible.
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sú úplne úžasné.
04:34
And "marble cake" is significant because
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A "mramorová bábovka" je dôležitá preto,
04:36
it is the channel that this group called Anonymous organized.
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že je to stránka, ktorú zriadila skupina "Anonymous".
04:39
Anonymous is this group of people
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Anonymous je skupina ľudí,
04:42
that protested, very famously,
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ktorí robili známy protest
04:45
Scientology.
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proti scientológii.
04:47
The story is,
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Príbeh je nasledovný.
04:49
Scientology had this embarrassing video of Tom Cruise. It went up online.
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Scientológia mala to trápne video s Tomom Cruisom. Objavilo sa na nete.
04:52
They got it taken offline and managed to piss off part of the Internet.
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Oni prikázali, aby sa odstránilo, a tým naštvali časť ľudí na internete.
04:55
And so these people, over 7,000 people,
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A táto časť, viac než 7 000 ľudí,
04:58
less than one month later,
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o necelý mesiac
05:00
organized in a hundred cities around the globe and --
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zorganizovala v stovkách miest po celom svete –
05:02
this is L.A. --
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toto je Los Angeles –
05:04
protested the Church of Scientology,
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protesty proti scientologickej cirkvi
05:07
and they have continued to do so,
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a naďalej ich aj organizujú
05:09
now, two full years after the fact.
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ešte aj teraz, dva roky po incidente.
05:11
They are still protesting.
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Ešte stále protestujú.
05:13
(Laughter)
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(Smiech) (Zatrúbte, ak šoférujete.) (Žiaden strach, sme z internetu.)
05:20
So we've got this activist group that's this grassroots group
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Existuje teda táto skupina aktivistov, ktorá tvorí základ
05:23
that's come out of the site.
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a ktorá vznikla na tejto stránke.
05:25
And last, I'm going to show you the example,
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Napokon vám ukážem ešte jeden príklad,
05:27
the story of Dusty the cat.
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príbeh mačky Dusty.
05:29
Dusty is the name that we've given to this cat.
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Dusty je meno, ktoré sme dali mačke.
05:32
This young man
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Istý mladý muž
05:34
posted a video
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zverejnil na YouTube video,
05:36
of him abusing his cat on YouTube.
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v ktorom týral svoju mačku.
05:39
And, you know, this didn't sit well with people,
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Ľuďom sa to nepáčilo
05:42
and so there was this outpouring of support
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a objavila sa záplava podpory
05:46
for people to do something about this.
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ľudí, aby sa voči tomu niečo spravilo.
05:50
So what they did is they -- I mean, they put CSI to shame here --
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Takže spravili nasledovné – policajti z C.S.I. sa môžu hanbiť –
05:53
the Internet detectives came out.
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objavili sa internetový detektívi.
05:55
They matched, they found his MySpace.
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Porovnávali iné stránky, našli jeho MySpace.
05:58
They took the YouTube video and they mashed everything in the video.
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S videom z YouTube porovnávali všetko nájdené.
06:01
Within 24 hours,
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V priebehu 24 hodín
06:03
they had his name,
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vypátrali jeho meno.
06:05
and within 48 hours, he was arrested.
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A v priebehu 48 hodín bol zadržaný.
06:09
(Applause)
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(Potlesk) (Obžalovaní týraním mačky sa postavia v utorok pred súd)
06:16
And so, what I think is really intriguing
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Myslím, že skutočne fascinujúce
06:18
about a community like 4chan
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na komunite, akou je 4chan,
06:20
is just that it's this open place.
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je, že je takým otvoreným miestom.
06:22
As I said, it's raw, it's unfiltered.
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Je surové a nefiltrované.
06:24
And sites like it are kind of
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A takéto stránky začínajú
06:26
going the way of the dinosaur right now.
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akosi práve vymierať.
06:28
They're endangered because we're moving
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Sú ohrozené, pretože sa uberáme
06:30
towards social networking.
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k sociálnym sieťam.
06:32
We're moving towards persistent identity.
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Smerujeme k trvalej identite.
06:34
We're moving towards,
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Smerujeme skutočne k
06:37
you know, a lack of privacy, really.
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nedostatku súkromia.
06:39
We're sacrificing a lot of that, and I think in doing so,
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Vzdávame sa jeho veľkej časti, a tým, že to robíme,
06:42
moving towards those things, we're losing something valuable.
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že ideme tým smerom, strácame niečo cenné.
06:45
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
06:47
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
06:55
Chris Anderson: Thank you.
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Chris Anderson: Ďakujeme.
06:57
Got a couple questions for you.
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Mám pre teba niekoľko otázok.
06:59
But if I ask them, is the TED website going to go down?
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Ak sa ich ale spýtam, prestane stránka TED fungovať?
07:02
CP: You're lucky that this is not
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CP: Máte šťastie, že toto práve
07:04
being streamed to them live right now.
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nemôžu sledovať naživo.
07:06
CA: Well, you never know. Some of them --
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CA: Človek nikdy nevie. Niektorí možno áno,
07:08
we've got people in 75 countries out there watching.
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máme divákov zo 75 krajín sveta.
07:11
Don't tell.
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Nikomu ani slovo.
07:14
But seriously,
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Ale vážne,
07:16
this issue on anonymity is --
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tento problem anonymity je...
07:18
I mean, you made the case there.
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myslím, že si vystihol podstatu veci.
07:20
But anonymity basically allows people to say anything,
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Ale anonymita vlastne umožňuje ľuďom povedať čokoľvek.
07:23
all the rules gone.
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Nie sú pravidlá.
07:25
You've had to wrestle with issues like child pornography.
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Museli ste čeliť veciam ako detská pornografia.
07:27
And I'm just curious whether you
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A som zvedavý, či sa nestáva,
07:30
sometimes lie awake in the night
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že v noci nemôžeš zaspať
07:32
worrying that you've opened Pandora's box.
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od obáv, že si otvoril pandorinu skrinku.
07:36
CP: Yes and no.
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CP: Áno aj nie.
07:38
I mean, for as much good
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Teda, oproti všetkému tomu dobrému,
07:40
that kind of comes out of this environment,
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ktoré v tomto prostredí vznikne,
07:42
there is plenty of bad.
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je dosť veľa zlého.
07:44
There are plenty of downsides.
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Existuje dosť nevýhod.
07:46
But I think that the greater good
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Ale myslím, že väčší úžitok
07:49
is being served here by just allowing people --
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prináša už len to, že umožňujeme ľuďom –
07:51
there are very few places, now, where you can go
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existuje totiž už len veľmi málo miest, kam môžete
07:54
and not have identity, to be completely anonymous
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ísť bez identity, úplne anonymne
07:56
and say whatever you'd like.
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a povedať, čokoľvek chcete.
07:58
And saying whatever you like, I think, is powerful.
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Povedať, čokoľvek chcete, je podľa mňa pôsobivé.
08:01
Doing whatever you like is now crossing a line.
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Robiť, čokoľvek chcete, je za hranicou.
08:03
But I think it's important to have these places.
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Ale myslím, že je dôležité mať takéto priestory.
08:06
When I get emails, people say, "Thank you for giving me this place,
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Dostávam maily, v ktorých ľudia píšu: "Ďakujem, že si vytvoril toto miesto,
08:09
this outlet, where I can come after work
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tento priestor, kam môžem po práci prísť
08:11
and be myself."
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a byť samým sebou."
08:13
CA: But words, saying things,
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CA: Ale slová, vyslovovanie vecí
08:17
you know, can be constructive; it can be really damaging.
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môže byť konštruktívne, no môže naozaj byť aj škodlivé.
08:20
And if you cut the link between what is said
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A ak zanikne vzťah medzi povedaným
08:23
and any attribution back to you,
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a človekom, ktorý to vysloví,
08:25
I mean, surely there are huge risks with that.
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myslím, že určite existujú obrovské riziká s tým spojené.
08:28
CP: There are, certainly.
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CP: Určite tam sú.
08:30
But --
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Ale...
08:32
CA: Tell me about what -- I mean, I think you asked the board
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CA: Povedz mi – myslím, že si sa pýtal na fóre,
08:35
what you might say at TED, right?
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čo by si mal na TED povedať, však?
08:37
CP: Yeah, I posted a thread
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CP: Hej, v nedeľu som otvoril
08:39
on Sunday.
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diskusiu.
08:41
And within 24 hours,
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A v priebehu 24 hodín
08:43
it had over 12,000 responses.
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obsahovala 12 000 odpovedí.
08:45
And the thing is,
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Problém je v tom,
08:48
I didn't make it into that presentation
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že som to v prezentácii neuviedol,
08:50
because I can't read to you anything that they said, more or less.
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pretože vám nemôžem viac-menej nič z toho prečítať.
08:52
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
08:54
99 percent of it is just,
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99% z toho
08:57
would have been, you know, bleeped out.
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by muselo byť vycenzurované.
08:59
But there were some good things that came out of that too.
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Ale bolo niekoľko dobrých vecí, ktoré sa tam objavili.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
09:03
Love and peace were mentioned.
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Spomenula sa láska a mier.
09:05
CA: Love and peace were mentioned,
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CA: Láska a mier
09:07
kind of with quote marks around them, right?
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uvedené v úvodzovkách, všakže?
09:09
CP: Cats and dogs were mentioned too.
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CP: Spomenuli sa aj mačky a psy.
09:11
CA: And that content is all off the board now.
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CA: A to všetko je už zmazané z fóra.
09:14
Right, it's gone? Or is it still up there?
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Už to tam nie je. Alebo ešte je?
09:16
CP: I stuck that thread so it lasted a few days.
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CP: Niekoľko dní bola diskusia prístupná.
09:18
It went up to about 16,000 posts,
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Obsahovala až 16 000 správ
09:20
and now it has been taken off.
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a teraz je už odstránená.
09:23
CA: Okay, well.
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CA: Dobre teda.
09:27
Now, I'm not sure I would have necessarily recommended
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Nie som si istý, či by som bol vôbec odporučil
09:29
everyone at TED to go and check it out anyway.
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divákom TED-u, aby si ju išli pozrieť.
09:33
Chris, you yourself? I mean, you're a figure of some intrigue.
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Chris, ty si celkom zaujímavá osoba.
09:36
You've got this surprising
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Máš udivujúci
09:38
semi-underground influence,
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vplyv v polotajnej, pololegálnej komunite,
09:41
but it's not making you a lot of money, yet.
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ale veľa peňazí ti to ešte nevynáša.
09:45
What's the commercial picture here?
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Aká je komerčná stránka veci?
09:48
CP: The commercial picture is that there really isn't
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CP: Komerčná stránka je taká, že v skutočnosti,
09:50
much of one, I guess.
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myslím, že ani nie je.
09:52
The site has adult content on it.
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Stránka obsahuje veci pre dospelých.
09:55
I mean, obviously, it's got some very offensive, obscene content on it,
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Obsahuje určité veľmi nemravné veci,
09:57
just in terms of language alone.
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čo sa týka už samotného jazyka.
09:59
And when you've got that, you've pretty much sacrificed
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A keď sú tam prítomné tieto veci, tak človek obetuje
10:02
any hope of making lots of money.
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akúkoľvek nádej veľkého zárobku.
10:05
CA: But you still live at home, right?
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CA: Ešte žiješ s rodičmi, však?
10:08
CP: I actually moved out recently.
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CP: Práve nedávno som sa odsťahoval.
10:10
CA: That's very cool.
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CA: To je super.
10:12
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
10:14
CP: I got out of Mom's, and I'm back in school right now.
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CP: Odišiel som od našich a vrátil som sa aj na školu.
10:17
CA: But what conversations did you or do you
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CA: O čom si sa pred tým alebo teraz rozprával
10:19
have with your mother about 4chan?
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s mamou, keď bola reč o 4chan?
10:22
CP: At first, very kind of pained,
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CP: Spočiatku to boli dosť bolestné,
10:24
awkward conversations.
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trápne rozhovory.
10:26
The content is not dinner table conversation in the least.
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Obsah stránky nie je vôbec vhodná téma k obedu.
10:30
But my parents -- I think part of why
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Ale myslím, že moji rodičia to dokážu
10:33
they kind of are able to appreciate it
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do určitej miery oceniť,
10:36
is because they don't understand it.
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sčasti preto, že tomu nerozumejú.
10:38
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:41
CA: And they were probably pleased to see you
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CA: A určite ich potešilo, že ťa videli
10:44
on top of the Time poll.
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na vrchu hlasovania Time.
10:46
CP: Yeah. They still didn't know what to think of that though.
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CP: Jasné. Aj keď ešte stále nevedia, čo si o tom myslieť.
10:49
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
10:51
CA: And so, in 10 years' time,
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CA: Takže, o takých 10 rokov,
10:53
what do you picture yourself doing?
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čo myslíš, že budeš robiť?
10:56
CP: That's a good question.
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CP: To je dobrá otázka.
10:58
As I said, I just went back to school,
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Ako som už povedal, vrátil som sa do školy
11:00
and I am considering
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a uvažujem o tom,
11:02
majoring in urban studies
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že sa špecializujem na urbanizmus
11:04
and then going on to urban planning,
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a budem sa venovať mestskému plánovaniu,
11:06
kind of taking whatever I've learned from online communities
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aby som zužitkoval to, čo som sa od online komunít naučil,
11:09
and trying to adapt that
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a pokúsil sa to prispôsobiť
11:11
to a physical community.
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komunite reálneho sveta.
11:14
CA: Chris, thank you. Absolutely fascinating. Thank you for coming to TED.
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CA: Chris, ďakujeme. Úplne úžasné. Ďakujeme, že si prišiel na TED.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher "moot" Poole - Founder, 4chanChristopher "moot" Poole is founder of 4chan, an online imageboard whose anonymous denizens have spawned the web's most bewildering -- and influential -- subculture.
Why you should listen
Since its inception in 2003, Christopher "moot" Poole's controversial imageboard, 4chan, has gained worldwide notoriety as a breeding ground for many of the most recognizable Internet "memes" (think LOLcats). It was also the source of a high-profile hack of a mainstream media website and at least one spirited -- if morally inscrutable -- activist campaign in the real world.
Despite the server-crippling traffic it attracts, this last major enclave of the untamed Internet terrifies advertisers, and moot struggles to keep it afloat. Though you might regard much of its content as obscene or just plain weird, it's become a fixture on the fringe of the mainstream -- and a cultural force all its own.
In January 2015 Poole stepped down from 4chan after eleven and a half years as its founding administrator.
Christopher "moot" Poole | Speaker | TED.com