TEDSummit
Emma Marris: Nature is everywhere -- we just need to learn to see it
Ema Maris (Emma Marris): Priroda je svuda, samo treba da naučimo da je vidimo
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Kako definišete „prirodu“? Ako je definišemo kao nešto je netaknuto od strane ljudi, onda nam je uopšte neće ostati, kaže ekološki pisac Ema Maris. Ona zahteva da razmotrimo novu definiciju prirode - onu koji obuhvata ne samo iskonsku divljinu već i zapuštena zemljišta sa biljkama koje rastu na urbanim prostorima - i podstiče nas da izvedemo decu napolje da je dodirnu i igraju se sa njom, kako bi jednog dana mogli da je vole i štite.
Emma Marris - Environmental writer
Emma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair." Full bio
Emma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
We are stealing nature from our children.
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Krademo prirodu od svoje dece.
Kad to kažem, ne mislim
da uništavamo prirodu
da uništavamo prirodu
00:16
Now, when I say this, I don't mean
that we are destroying nature
that we are destroying nature
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00:19
that they will have wanted us to preserve,
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koju bi oni želeli da im sačuvamo,
00:22
although that is
unfortunately also the case.
unfortunately also the case.
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mada je i to, nažalost, slučaj.
00:25
What I mean here is that we've started
to define nature in a way
to define nature in a way
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Ono što mislim pod time je da smo počeli
da definišemo prirodu na način
da definišemo prirodu na način
00:28
that's so purist and so strict
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koji je tako puritanski i tako strog da,
00:31
that under the definition
we're creating for ourselves,
we're creating for ourselves,
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prema definiciji koju stvaramo,
00:34
there won't be any nature
left for our children
left for our children
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uopšte neće ostati prirode za našu decu
00:37
when they're adults.
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kada budu odrasli.
00:39
But there's a fix for this.
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Međutim, postoji rešenje za ovo.
00:41
So let me explain.
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Dozvolite da objasnim.
00:43
Right now, humans use half of the world
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Trenutno, ljudi koriste polovinu sveta
00:47
to live, to grow their crops
and their timber,
and their timber,
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da bi živeli, uzgajali useve i drva,
00:49
to pasture their animals.
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da bi napasali svoje životinje.
00:51
If you added up all the human beings,
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Ako biste sabrali sva ljudska bića,
imali bismo težinu deset puta veću
od svih divljih sisara zajedno.
od svih divljih sisara zajedno.
00:53
we would weigh 10 times as much
as all the wild mammals put together.
as all the wild mammals put together.
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00:58
We cut roads through the forest.
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Krčimo puteve kroz šumu.
01:01
We have added little plastic particles
to the sand on ocean beaches.
to the sand on ocean beaches.
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Dodali smo male plastične čestice
pesku na plažama okeana.
pesku na plažama okeana.
01:06
We've changed the chemistry of the soil
with our artificial fertilizers.
with our artificial fertilizers.
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Izmenili smo hemiju zemljišta
našim veštačkim đubrivima.
našim veštačkim đubrivima.
01:11
And of course, we've changed
the chemistry of the air.
the chemistry of the air.
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Naravno, promenili smo i hemiju vazduha.
01:14
So when you take your next breath,
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Tako, kada sledeći put udahete,
01:16
you'll be breathing in
42 percent more carbon dioxide
42 percent more carbon dioxide
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udahnućete 42 posto više ugljen-dioksida
01:20
than if you were breathing in 1750.
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od onog koji biste udisali 1750. godine.
01:23
So all of these changes, and many others,
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Sve te promene, kao i mnoge druge,
01:25
have come to be kind of lumped together
under this rubric of the "Anthropocene."
under this rubric of the "Anthropocene."
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nekako su se grupisale
pod nazivom „antropocen“.
pod nazivom „antropocen“.
01:30
And this is a term
that some geologists are suggesting
that some geologists are suggesting
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To je termin koji neki geolozi predlažu
01:33
we should give to our current epoch,
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da treba dati našoj trenutnoj epohi,
01:34
given how pervasive
human influence has been over it.
human influence has been over it.
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uzimajući u obzir
koliko ju je ljudski uticaj prožimao.
koliko ju je ljudski uticaj prožimao.
01:38
Now, it's still just a proposed epoch,
but I think it's a helpful way
but I think it's a helpful way
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To je i dalje samo predlog za epohu,
ali mislim da je to koristan način
ali mislim da je to koristan način
01:42
to think about the magnitude
of human influence on the planet.
of human influence on the planet.
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za razmatranje dimenzija
ljudskog uticaja na planetu.
ljudskog uticaja na planetu.
01:46
So where does this put nature?
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Na čemu je priroda sa tim?
01:48
What counts as nature in a world
where everything is influenced by humans?
where everything is influenced by humans?
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Šta se računa kao priroda
u svetu u kome ljudi utiču na sve?
u svetu u kome ljudi utiču na sve?
01:53
So 25 years ago, environmental writer
Bill McKibben said
Bill McKibben said
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Pre 25 godina, ekološki pisac
Bil Makiben rekao je da,
Bil Makiben rekao je da,
01:57
that because nature
was a thing apart from man
was a thing apart from man
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jer je priroda nešto odvojeno od čoveka
i jer klimatske promene podrazumevaju
02:02
and because climate change meant
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02:03
that every centimeter of the Earth
was altered by man,
was altered by man,
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da je čovek izmenio
svaki centimetar na Zemlji,
svaki centimetar na Zemlji,
02:07
then nature was over.
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priroda je gotova.
02:09
In fact, he called his book
"The End of Nature."
"The End of Nature."
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Zapravo, nazvao je svoju knjigu
„Kraj prirode“.
„Kraj prirode“.
02:14
I disagree with this.
I just disagree with this.
I just disagree with this.
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Ne slažem se sa ovim.
Jednostavno se ne slažem.
Jednostavno se ne slažem.
02:16
I disagree with this definition of nature,
because, fundamentally, we are animals.
because, fundamentally, we are animals.
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Ne slažem se sa ovom definicijom prirode,
jer, u suštini, mi smo životinje, zar ne?
jer, u suštini, mi smo životinje, zar ne?
02:20
Right? Like, we evolved on this planet
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U smislu, razvili smo se na ovoj planeti
02:23
in the context of all the other animals
with which we share a planet,
with which we share a planet,
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u kontekstu svih drugih životinja
sa kojima delimo planetu,
sa kojima delimo planetu,
02:27
and all the other plants,
and all the other microbes.
and all the other microbes.
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kao i sa svim drugim biljkama i mikrobima.
02:30
And so I think that nature
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Zato mislim da priroda
02:32
is not that which is untouched
by humanity, man or woman.
by humanity, man or woman.
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nije ono što je netaknuto od strane
ljudskih bića, muškarca ili žene.
ljudskih bića, muškarca ili žene.
02:36
I think that nature
is anywhere where life thrives,
is anywhere where life thrives,
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Smatram da se priroda
nalazi svuda gde uspeva život,
nalazi svuda gde uspeva život,
02:40
anywhere where there are
multiple species together,
multiple species together,
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bilo gde da ima više vrsta zajedno,
02:43
anywhere that's green and blue
and thriving and filled with life
and thriving and filled with life
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gde god da je zeleno i plavo,
gde buja, ispunjeno je životom
gde buja, ispunjeno je životom
02:47
and growing.
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i gde raste.
02:49
And under that definition,
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Pod ovom definicijom,
02:51
things look a little bit different.
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stvari izgledaju malo drugačije.
02:54
Now, I understand that there
are certain parts of this nature
are certain parts of this nature
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Razumem da postoje
određeni delovi prirode
određeni delovi prirode
02:57
that speak to us in a special way.
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koji nam se obraćaju na poseban način.
03:00
Places like Yellowstone,
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To su mesta kao što je Jeloustoun,
03:02
or the Mongolian steppe,
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Mongolska stepa,
03:03
or the Great Barrier Reef
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Veliki koralni greben
03:05
or the Serengeti.
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ili Serengeti.
03:06
Places that we think of
as kind of Edenic representations
as kind of Edenic representations
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To su mesta koja smatramo
rajskim predstavnicima prirode
rajskim predstavnicima prirode
03:10
of a nature before
we screwed everything up.
we screwed everything up.
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pre nego što smo sve upropastili.
03:14
And in a way, they are less impacted
by our day to day activities.
by our day to day activities.
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Na neki način, na njih manje utiču
naše svakodnevne aktivnosti.
naše svakodnevne aktivnosti.
Mnoga među ovim mestima
nemaju puteve ili ih imaju nekoliko
nemaju puteve ili ih imaju nekoliko
03:18
Many of these places
have no roads or few roads,
have no roads or few roads,
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03:21
so on, like such.
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i tako dalje, slično tome.
03:22
But ultimately, even these Edens
are deeply influenced by humans.
are deeply influenced by humans.
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Ipak, u krajnjoj liniji,
čak i na te rajeve ljudi duboko utiču.
čak i na te rajeve ljudi duboko utiču.
03:28
Now, let's just take
North America, for example,
North America, for example,
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Uzmimo Severnu Ameriku, na primer,
03:31
since that's where we're meeting.
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s obzirom na to da se tu srećemo.
03:32
So between about 15,000 years ago
when people first came here,
when people first came here,
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Pre oko 15 000 godina,
kada su ljudi prvi put došli ovde,
kada su ljudi prvi put došli ovde,
03:36
they started a process
of interacting with the nature
of interacting with the nature
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započeli su proces interakcije sa prirodom
03:38
that led to the extinction
of a big slew of large-bodied animals,
of a big slew of large-bodied animals,
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koji je doveo do istrebljenja
mnoštva krupnih životinja,
mnoštva krupnih životinja,
03:43
from the mastodon
to the giant ground sloth,
to the giant ground sloth,
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od mastodonta
do velikog kopnenog lenjivca,
do velikog kopnenog lenjivca,
03:45
saber-toothed cats,
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sabljastih mačkaka,
03:46
all of these cool animals
that unfortunately are no longer with us.
that unfortunately are no longer with us.
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svih tih zanimljivih životinja koje,
nažalost, više nisu sa nama.
nažalost, više nisu sa nama.
03:50
And when those animals went extinct,
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Kada su te životinje izumrle,
03:52
you know, the ecosystems
didn't stand still.
didn't stand still.
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znate, ekosistemi nisu mirovali.
03:54
Massive ripple effects
changed grasslands into forests,
changed grasslands into forests,
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Ogroman efekat talasa
preobrazio je travnate površine u šume,
preobrazio je travnate površine u šume,
03:58
changed the composition of forest
from one tree to another.
from one tree to another.
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promenio je sastav šume
od jednog do drugog stabla.
od jednog do drugog stabla.
04:02
So even in these Edens,
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Čak i u ovim rajevima,
04:03
even in these perfect-looking places
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čak i na tim mestima savršenog izgleda
04:05
that seem to remind us
of a past before humans,
of a past before humans,
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koja kao da nas podsećaju
na prošlost pre ljudi,
na prošlost pre ljudi,
04:09
we're essentially looking
at a humanized landscape.
at a humanized landscape.
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u suštini gledamo u humanizovani predeo.
04:12
Not just these prehistoric humans,
but historical humans, indigenous people
but historical humans, indigenous people
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Nisu u pitanju samo praistorijski ljudi,
već i istorijski ljudi, domoroci,
već i istorijski ljudi, domoroci,
04:16
all the way up until the moment
when the first colonizers showed up.
when the first colonizers showed up.
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sve do trenutka kada su se pojavili
prvi kolonizatori.
prvi kolonizatori.
04:20
And the case is the same
for the other continents as well.
for the other continents as well.
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Isti je slučaj i sa ostalim kontinentima.
04:23
Humans have just been involved in nature
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Ljudi su jednostavno umešani u prirodu
04:26
in a very influential way
for a very long time.
for a very long time.
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na vrlo uticajan način
tokom veoma dugog perioda.
tokom veoma dugog perioda.
04:30
Now, just recently, someone told me,
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Nedavno, neko mi je rekao:
04:32
"Oh, but there are still wild places."
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„O, ali još ima divljih mesta.“
04:34
And I said, "Where? Where? I want to go."
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Rekla sam: „Gde? Gde? Hoću da odem tamo.“
04:36
And he said, "The Amazon."
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A on je rekao: „Amazon.“
04:38
And I was like, "Oh, the Amazon.
I was just there.
I was just there.
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Odvratih na to: „O, Amazon.
Upravo sam bila tamo.“
Upravo sam bila tamo.“
Sjajno je. Nacionalna geografija
me je poslala u nacionalni park Manu,
me je poslala u nacionalni park Manu,
04:41
It's awesome. National Geographic
sent me to Manú National Park,
sent me to Manú National Park,
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04:44
which is in the Peruvian Amazon,
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a to je u peruanskom Amazonu,
04:46
but it's a big chunk of rainforest,
uncleared, no roads,
uncleared, no roads,
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ali to je veliki komad prašume,
neraskrčen, nema puteva,
neraskrčen, nema puteva,
04:50
protected as a national park,
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zaštićen kao nacionalni park,
zapravo, to je jedan
od najraznovrsnijih parkova na svetu.
od najraznovrsnijih parkova na svetu.
04:51
one of the most, in fact,
biodiverse parks in the world.
biodiverse parks in the world.
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04:54
And when I got in there with my canoe,
what did I find, but people.
what did I find, but people.
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Kada sam stigla tamo svojim kanuom,
šta sam drugo našla nego ljude.
šta sam drugo našla nego ljude.
04:59
People have been living there
for hundreds and thousands of years.
for hundreds and thousands of years.
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Ljudi žive tamo stotinama
i hiljadama godina.
i hiljadama godina.
05:03
People live there, and they don't
just float over the jungle.
just float over the jungle.
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Ljudi tamo žive
i ne obigravaju oko džungle.
i ne obigravaju oko džungle.
Imaju značajnu vezu sa predelom.
05:06
They have a meaningful relationship
with the landscape.
with the landscape.
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05:09
They hunt. They grow crops.
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Love, uzgajaju useve,
05:11
They domesticate crops.
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pretvaraju ih u domaće.
05:13
They use the natural resources
to build their houses,
to build their houses,
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Koriste prirodne resurse
da grade svoje kuće,
da grade svoje kuće,
05:16
to thatch their houses.
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da pokrivaju svoje kuće.
05:17
They even make pets out of animals
that we consider to be wild animals.
that we consider to be wild animals.
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Čak i pretvaraju u kućne ljubimce
životinje koje mi smatramo divljim.
životinje koje mi smatramo divljim.
05:21
These people are there
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Ti ljudi su tamo
05:23
and they're interacting
with the environment
with the environment
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i u uzajamnom su dejstvu
sa sredinom na način
sa sredinom na način
05:25
in a way that's really meaningful
and that you can see in the environment.
and that you can see in the environment.
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koji je zaista značajan
i koji možete videti u sredini.
i koji možete videti u sredini.
05:29
Now, I was with
an anthropologist on this trip,
an anthropologist on this trip,
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Bila sam sa antropologom na tom putovanju
05:31
and he told me, as we were
floating down the river,
floating down the river,
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i rekao mi je, dok smo plovili rekom:
05:34
he said, "There are
no demographic voids in the Amazon."
no demographic voids in the Amazon."
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„Nema demografskih praznina u Amazonu.“
05:39
This statement has really stuck with me,
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Ta izjava mi se zaista urezala,
05:41
because what it means
is that the whole Amazon is like this.
is that the whole Amazon is like this.
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jer to znači da je ceo Amazon takav.
05:43
There's people everywhere.
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Svuda ima ljudi.
05:45
And many other
tropical forests are the same,
tropical forests are the same,
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Mnoge druge tropske šume su iste,
05:48
and not just tropical forests.
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i to ne samo tropske šume.
05:49
People have influenced
ecosystems in the past,
ecosystems in the past,
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Ljudi su uticali na ekosisteme u prošlosti
05:53
and they continue
to influence them in the present,
to influence them in the present,
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i nastavljaju da utiču na njih
u sadašnjosti,
u sadašnjosti,
05:55
even in places where
they're harder to notice.
they're harder to notice.
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čak i na mestima gde ih je teže primetiti.
05:59
So, if all of the definitions of nature
that we might want to use
that we might want to use
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Dakle, ako sve definicije prirode
koje bismo hteli da upotrebimo
koje bismo hteli da upotrebimo
06:04
that involve it being
untouched by humanity
untouched by humanity
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koje podrazumevaju
netaknutost od strane čoveka
netaknutost od strane čoveka
ili nepostojanja ljudi u njoj,
06:07
or not having people in it,
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06:09
if all of those actually give us
a result where we don't have any nature,
a result where we don't have any nature,
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ako nam sve one zapravo daju kao rezultat
da uopšte nemamo prirodu,
da uopšte nemamo prirodu,
06:14
then maybe they're the wrong definitions.
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onda su to možda pogrešne definicije.
06:17
Maybe we should define it
by the presence of multiple species,
by the presence of multiple species,
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Možda bi trebalo da je definišemo
prisustvom mnoštva vrsta,
prisustvom mnoštva vrsta,
06:20
by the presence of a thriving life.
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prisustvom života u usponu.
06:23
Now, if we do it that way,
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Ako ćemo tako,
06:25
what do we get?
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šta dobijamo?
06:26
Well, it's this kind of miracle.
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Pa, neku vrstu čuda.
06:29
All of a sudden,
there's nature all around us.
there's nature all around us.
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Odjednom, priroda je svuda oko nas.
06:32
All of a sudden,
we see this Monarch caterpillar
we see this Monarch caterpillar
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Odjednom vidimo gusenicu monarha
06:34
munching on this plant,
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kako gricka biljku
06:36
and we realize that there it is,
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i shvatimo da je tu,
06:38
and it's in this empty lot in Chattanooga.
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na praznom placu u Čatanugi.
Pogledajte to prazno zemljište.
06:42
And look at this empty lot.
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06:43
I mean, there's, like, probably,
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Mislim, tamo verovatno postoji
06:45
a dozen, minimum,
plant species growing there,
plant species growing there,
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minimum desetak vrsta biljaka
koje tu rastu,
koje tu rastu,
06:48
supporting all kinds of insect life,
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podržavajući živote
najrazličitijih insekata,
najrazličitijih insekata,
06:50
and this is a completely unmanaged space,
a completely wild space.
a completely wild space.
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a to je potpuno nekontrolisano mesto,
sasvim divlji prostor.
sasvim divlji prostor.
06:55
This is a kind of wild nature
right under our nose,
right under our nose,
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To je vrsta divlje prirode
koja nam je pred nosem,
koja nam je pred nosem,
06:58
that we don't even notice.
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a koju čak i ne primećujemo.
07:00
And there's an interesting
little paradox, too.
little paradox, too.
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Tu postoji i zanimljiv mali paradoks.
07:03
So this nature,
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Ova priroda,
07:04
this kind of wild, untended part
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ovaj nekakav divlji, zapušteni deo
07:07
of our urban, peri-urban,
suburban agricultural existence
suburban agricultural existence
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našeg gradskog, prigradskog,
izvangradskog poljoprivrednog iskustva
izvangradskog poljoprivrednog iskustva
07:11
that flies under the radar,
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koje se neopaženo odvija,
07:13
it's arguably more wild
than a national park,
than a national park,
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moguće da je još više divlja
od nacionalnog parka,
od nacionalnog parka,
07:18
because national parks
are very carefully managed
are very carefully managed
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jer se nacionalnim parkovima
vrlo pažljivo upravlja
vrlo pažljivo upravlja
07:20
in the 21st century.
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u 21. veku.
07:22
Crater Lake in southern Oregon,
which is my closest national park,
which is my closest national park,
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Kratersko jezero u južnom Oregonu,
meni najbliži nacionalni park,
meni najbliži nacionalni park,
07:25
is a beautiful example of a landscape
that seems to be coming out of the past.
that seems to be coming out of the past.
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prelepi je primer predela
koji izgleda kao da izlazi iz prošlosti.
koji izgleda kao da izlazi iz prošlosti.
07:31
But they're managing it carefully.
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Međutim, brižljivo ga kontrolišu.
07:32
One of the issues they have now
is white bark pine die-off.
is white bark pine die-off.
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Jedan od problema koje trenutno imaju
je izumiranje belokorog bora.
je izumiranje belokorog bora.
07:36
White bark pine
is a beautiful, charismatic --
is a beautiful, charismatic --
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Belokori bor je prelep, harizmatičan -
07:39
I'll say it's a charismatic megaflora
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rekla bih da je to
harizmatična, velika biljka
harizmatična, velika biljka
koja raste na velikoj nadmorskoj visini,
07:42
that grows up at high altitude --
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07:43
and it's got all these problems
right now with disease.
right now with disease.
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a sada ima sve te probleme sa oboljenjima.
07:46
There's a blister rust
that was introduced,
that was introduced,
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Pojavila se gljivica koja izaziva rđu,
07:48
bark beetle.
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bube koje izjedaju koru.
07:50
So to deal with this,
the park service has been planting
the park service has been planting
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Da bi se izborila sa time,
služba za održavanje parka je zasadila
služba za održavanje parka je zasadila
07:54
rust-resistant white bark
pine seedlings in the park,
pine seedlings in the park,
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u parku sadnice belokorih borova
otporne na rđu,
otporne na rđu,
07:58
even in areas that they are
otherwise managing as wilderness.
otherwise managing as wilderness.
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čak i u oblastima
kojima inače upravljaju kao divljinom.
kojima inače upravljaju kao divljinom.
Takođe, na ključnim mestima postavljaju
sredstva za zaštitu od insekata,
sredstva za zaštitu od insekata,
08:02
And they're also putting out
beetle repellent in key areas
beetle repellent in key areas
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08:05
as I saw last time I went hiking there.
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što sam videla poslednji put
kada sam tamo pešačila.
kada sam tamo pešačila.
Ovako nešto je zapravo učestalije
nego što biste pretpostavili.
nego što biste pretpostavili.
08:07
And this kind of thing is really
much more common than you would think.
much more common than you would think.
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Nacionalni parkovi
se intenzivno kontrolišu.
se intenzivno kontrolišu.
08:11
National parks are heavily managed.
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08:12
The wildlife is kept to a certain
population size and structure.
population size and structure.
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Održava se određeni broj
i struktura divljih životinja.
i struktura divljih životinja.
08:15
Fires are suppressed.
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Suzbijaju se požari.
08:17
Fires are started.
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Započinju se požari.
08:18
Non-native species are removed.
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Uklanjaju se vrste koje nisu domaće.
08:20
Native species are reintroduced.
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Iznova se dovode domaće vrste.
08:22
And in fact, I took a look,
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Zapravo, pogledala sam,
nacionalni park Banf
radi sve te stvari koje sam navela:
radi sve te stvari koje sam navela:
08:23
and Banff National Park
is doing all of the things I just listed:
is doing all of the things I just listed:
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suzbijanje i podsticanje požara,
08:27
suppressing fire, having fire,
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stavljanje radio-ogrlica na vukove,
ponovno dovođenje bizona.
ponovno dovođenje bizona.
08:28
radio-collaring wolves,
reintroducing bison.
reintroducing bison.
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08:30
It takes a lot of work to make
these places look untouched.
these places look untouched.
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Potrebno je mnogo truda
da bi ta mesta izgledala netaknuto.
da bi ta mesta izgledala netaknuto.
08:34
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:37
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:43
And in a further irony,
these places that we love the most
these places that we love the most
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Što je još veća ironija,
ta mesta koja najviše volimo
ta mesta koja najviše volimo
08:47
are the places that we love
a little too hard, sometimes.
a little too hard, sometimes.
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su mesta koja ponekad previše volimo.
Mnogo nas voli da ide tamo,
08:50
A lot of us like to go there,
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a kako njima rukovodimo
tako da budu stabilna
tako da budu stabilna
08:51
and because we're managing
them to be stable
them to be stable
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08:54
in the face of a changing planet,
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nasuprot planeti koja se menja,
08:56
they often are becoming
more fragile over time.
more fragile over time.
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često vremenom postaju krhkija.
08:59
Which means that they're
the absolute worst places
the absolute worst places
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To znači da su to apsolutno najgora mesta
09:01
to take your children on vacation,
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na koja možete odvesti decu na odmor,
09:03
because you can't do anything there.
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jer tamo ne možete ništa da radite.
Ne možete da se penjete na drveće.
Ne možete da pecate.
Ne možete da pecate.
09:05
You can't climb the trees.
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09:07
You can't fish the fish.
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Ne možete tamo usred nedođije
da zapalite logorsku vatru.
da zapalite logorsku vatru.
09:08
You can't make a campfire
out in the middle of nowhere.
out in the middle of nowhere.
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Ne možete da ponesete šišarke kući.
09:11
You can't take home the pinecones.
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09:12
There are so many rules and restrictions
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Ima toliko pravila i ograničenja da je,
09:14
that from a child's point of view,
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1967
iz dečje perspektive,
09:16
this is, like, the worst nature ever.
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to najgora moguća priroda,
09:19
Because children don't want to hike
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jer deca ne žele da pešače
09:21
through a beautiful landscape
for five hours
for five hours
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kroz prelepi predeo pet sati
09:24
and then look at a beautiful view.
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i zatim da gledaju lep vidik.
09:26
That's maybe what we want to do as adults,
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To je možda ono što mi želimo kao odrasli,
09:28
but what kids want to do
is hunker down in one spot
is hunker down in one spot
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2912
ali deca žele da samo čučnu na nekom mestu
09:31
and just tinker with it,
just work with it,
just work with it,
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i petljaju sa njim, samo da rade na njemu,
09:33
just pick it up, build a house,
build a fort, do something like that.
build a fort, do something like that.
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podignu nešto, naprave kuću,
izgrade tvrđavu, rade tako nešto.
izgrade tvrđavu, rade tako nešto.
09:38
Additionally, these sort of Edenic places
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Pored toga, ova rajska mesta
09:40
are often distant from where people live.
200
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često su udaljena od mesta gde žive ljudi,
a i skupo je doći do njih.
a i skupo je doći do njih.
09:44
And they're expensive to get to.
They're hard to visit.
They're hard to visit.
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Teško je posetiti ih.
09:46
So this means that they're
only available to the elites,
only available to the elites,
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To znači da su dostupna samo eliti,
09:49
and that's a real problem.
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a to je pravi problem.
09:53
The Nature Conservancy
did a survey of young people,
did a survey of young people,
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Organizacija za očuvanje prirode
sprovela je anketu sa mladim ljudima
sprovela je anketu sa mladim ljudima
09:56
and they asked them, how often
do you spend time outdoors?
do you spend time outdoors?
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i pitali su ih koliko često
provode vreme napolju.
provode vreme napolju.
10:00
And only two out of five
spent time outdoors
spent time outdoors
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Samo dvoje od petoro
je provodilo vreme napolju
je provodilo vreme napolju
10:02
at least once a week.
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makar jednom nedeljno.
10:03
The other three out of five
were just staying inside.
were just staying inside.
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Preostalih troje od petoro
je samo ostajalo unutra.
je samo ostajalo unutra.
10:06
And when they asked them why,
what are the barriers to going outside,
what are the barriers to going outside,
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Kada su ih pitali zašto,
koje su prepreke izlaženju napolje,
koje su prepreke izlaženju napolje,
10:11
the response of 61 percent was,
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61 procenat je odgovorio:
10:14
"There are no natural areas near my home."
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„Ne postoje prirodne oblasti
u blizini moje kuće.“
u blizini moje kuće.“
10:18
And this is crazy.
This is just patently false.
This is just patently false.
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To je suludo. To je očigledno netačno.
10:21
I mean, 71 percent of people in the US
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Mislim, 71 posto ljudi u SAD-u
10:24
live within a 10-minute walk
of a city park.
of a city park.
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živi na oko 10 minuta pešačenja
do gradskog parka.
do gradskog parka.
10:27
And I'm sure the figures
are similar in other countries.
are similar in other countries.
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Sigurna sam da je slično
i u drugim zemljama.
i u drugim zemljama.
Tu se čak ne ubraja
vaša bašta u dvorištu,
vaša bašta u dvorištu,
10:30
And that doesn't even count
your back garden,
your back garden,
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10:32
the urban creek, the empty lot.
217
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1960
urbani potok, prazno zemljište.
10:35
Everybody lives near nature.
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Svi žive u blizini prirode.
10:37
Every kid lives near nature.
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Svako dete živi blizu prirode.
Samo smo nekako zaboravili
kako da je vidimo.
kako da je vidimo.
10:39
We've just somehow
forgotten how to see it.
forgotten how to see it.
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Proveli smo previše vremena
gledajući dokumentarce Dejvida Atenboroa
gledajući dokumentarce Dejvida Atenboroa
10:41
We've spent too much time
watching David Attenborough documentaries
watching David Attenborough documentaries
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gde je priroda stvarno seksi -
10:45
where the nature is really sexy --
222
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10:46
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:47
and we've forgotten how to see the nature
that is literally right outside our door,
that is literally right outside our door,
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i zaboravili smo kako da vidimo prirodu
koja nam je bukvalno pred vratima,
koja nam je bukvalno pred vratima,
prirodu drveta na ulici.
10:51
the nature of the street tree.
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10:53
So here's an example: Philadelphia.
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Evo primera: Filadelfija.
10:56
There's this cool elevated railway
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Tu se nalazi zanimljiva
uzdignuta železnička pruga
uzdignuta železnička pruga
10:58
that you can see from the ground,
that's been abandoned.
that's been abandoned.
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koju možete videti sa zemlje,
a koja je napuštena.
a koja je napuštena.
11:01
Now, this may sound like the beginning
of the High Line story in Manhattan,
of the High Line story in Manhattan,
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Ovo može zvučati kao početak
priče o Haj Lajnu na Menhetnu,
priče o Haj Lajnu na Menhetnu,
a prilično su slični,
osim što ovo još nisu razvili u park,
osim što ovo još nisu razvili u park,
11:04
and it's very similar, except they haven't
developed this into a park yet,
developed this into a park yet,
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mada rade na tome.
11:08
although they're working on it.
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Za sada, to je još neka vrsta
tajne divljine
tajne divljine
11:09
So for now, it's still this little
sort of secret wilderness
sort of secret wilderness
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11:12
in the heart of Philadelphia,
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u srcu Filadelfije,
11:14
and if you know where the hole is
in the chain-link fence,
in the chain-link fence,
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a ako znate gde se nalazi rupa
u žičanoj ogradi,
u žičanoj ogradi,
11:17
you can scramble up to the top
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možete se popeti do vrha
11:19
and you can find this
completely wild meadow
completely wild meadow
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2816
i možete naći ovu potpuno divlju livadu
11:22
just floating above
the city of Philadelphia.
the city of Philadelphia.
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koja lebdi nad gradom Filadelfijom.
Svaka od ovih biljaka izrasla je iz semena
11:25
Every single one of these plants
grew from a seed
grew from a seed
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koje se samo tu zasadilo.
11:27
that planted itself there.
239
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11:28
This is completely autonomous,
self-willed nature.
self-willed nature.
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2936
Ovo je potpuno autonomna,
samovoljna priroda,
samovoljna priroda,
11:31
And it's right in the middle of the city.
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i baš je usred grada.
11:34
And they've sent people up there
to do sort of biosurveys,
to do sort of biosurveys,
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Slali su ljude gore da sprovode
neke vrste bioloških istraživanja
neke vrste bioloških istraživanja
11:37
and there are over 50
plant species up there.
plant species up there.
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i tamo ima preko 50 vrsta biljaka.
11:40
And it's not just plants.
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Tamo nisu samo biljke.
11:41
This is an ecosystem,
a functioning ecosystem.
a functioning ecosystem.
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To je ekosistem,
ekosistem koji funkcioniše.
ekosistem koji funkcioniše.
11:45
It's creating soil.
It's sequestering carbon.
It's sequestering carbon.
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Stvara zemljište. Izoluje ugljen-dioksid.
11:47
There's pollination going on.
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1896
Tu se odvija oprašivanje.
11:49
I mean, this is really an ecosystem.
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1960
Mislim, to je stvarno ekosistem.
11:53
So scientists have started calling
ecosystems like these "novel ecosystems,"
ecosystems like these "novel ecosystems,"
249
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3856
Naučnici su počeli da nazivaju
ovakve ekosisteme „neobični ekosistemi“
ovakve ekosisteme „neobični ekosistemi“
11:57
because they're often
dominated by non-native species,
dominated by non-native species,
250
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jer u njima često dominiraju
vrste koje nisu domaće,
vrste koje nisu domaće,
11:59
and because they're just super weird.
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1736
a i zato što su veoma čudni.
12:01
They're just unlike anything
we've ever seen before.
we've ever seen before.
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Jednostavno ne liče
ni na šta što su ranije videli.
ni na šta što su ranije videli.
Toliko dugo smo odbacivali
sve te nove ekosisteme kao beskorisne.
sve te nove ekosisteme kao beskorisne.
12:04
For so long, we dismissed
all these novel ecosystems as trash.
all these novel ecosystems as trash.
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12:08
We're talking about
regrown agricultural fields,
regrown agricultural fields,
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Govorimo o iznova izraslim
poljoprivrednim poljima,
poljoprivrednim poljima,
12:10
timber plantations that are not
being managed on a day-to-day basis,
being managed on a day-to-day basis,
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plantažama drveća
koje se ne kontrolišu svakodnevno,
koje se ne kontrolišu svakodnevno,
12:14
second-growth forests generally,
the entire East Coast,
the entire East Coast,
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uopšte o sekundarnim šumama,
o čitavoj Istočnoj obali,
o čitavoj Istočnoj obali,
12:16
where after agriculture moved west,
the forest sprung up.
the forest sprung up.
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gde je, nakon što se poljoprivreda
preselila zapadno, izbila šuma.
preselila zapadno, izbila šuma.
12:21
And of course, pretty much all of Hawaii,
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Naravno, to su i manje-više čitavi Havaji,
gde su neobični ekosistemi norma,
12:23
where novel ecosystems are the norm,
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12:26
where exotic species totally dominate.
260
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gde egzotične vrste sasvim dominiraju.
12:29
This forest here has Queensland maple,
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Ova šuma ovde ima kvinslendske javore,
12:31
it has sword ferns from Southeast Asia.
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ima oštre paprati iz Jugoistočne Azije.
Možete da napravite
i sopstvene neobične ekosisteme.
i sopstvene neobične ekosisteme.
12:35
You can make your own
novel ecosystem, too.
novel ecosystem, too.
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12:37
It's really simple.
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Zaista je jednostavno.
Samo prestanete da kosite travu.
12:38
You just stop mowing your lawn.
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12:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
12:41
Ilkka Hanski was an ecologist in Finland,
and he did this experiment himself.
and he did this experiment himself.
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Ilka Hanski je bio ekolog u Finskoj
i sam je sproveo taj eksperiment.
i sam je sproveo taj eksperiment.
Samo je prestao da kosi svoj travnjak
12:45
He just stopped mowing his lawn,
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12:46
and after a few years,
he had some grad students come,
he had some grad students come,
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i nakon nekoliko godina
je doveo nekoliko studenata
je doveo nekoliko studenata
koji su sproveli neku vrstu
biološkog istraživanja u njegovom dvorištu
biološkog istraživanja u njegovom dvorištu
12:49
and they did sort of
a bio-blitz of his backyard,
a bio-blitz of his backyard,
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12:52
and they found 375 plant species,
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i pronašli su 375 vrsta biljaka,
12:56
including two endangered species.
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uključujući dve ugrožene vrste.
12:59
So when you're up there
on that future High Line of Philadelphia,
on that future High Line of Philadelphia,
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Dakle, kada se nađete tamo gore
na tom budućem Haj Lajnu Filadelfije,
na tom budućem Haj Lajnu Filadelfije,
13:06
surrounded by this wildness,
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okruženi tom divljinom,
13:07
surrounded by this diversity,
this abundance, this vibrance,
this abundance, this vibrance,
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okruženi tom raznolikošću,
tim obiljem, tom živahnošću,
tim obiljem, tom živahnošću,
13:11
you can look over the side
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možete pogledati sa strane
13:12
and you can see a local playground
for a local school,
for a local school,
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i videti igralište za lokalnu školu,
13:16
and that's what it looks like.
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a ovako to izgleda.
13:18
These children have, that --
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Ova deca imaju...
Znate, pod mojom definicijom,
13:20
You know, under my definition,
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postoji dobar deo planete
koji se računa kao priroda,
koji se računa kao priroda,
13:21
there's a lot of the planet
that counts as nature,
that counts as nature,
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13:24
but this would be one of the few places
that wouldn't count as nature.
that wouldn't count as nature.
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ali ovo bi bilo jedno od nekoliko mesta
koje se ne ubraja u prirodu.
koje se ne ubraja u prirodu.
Tu nema ničeg osim ljudi,
nema drugih biljaka niti životinja.
nema drugih biljaka niti životinja.
13:27
There's nothing there except humans,
no other plants, no other animals.
no other plants, no other animals.
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13:30
And what I really wanted to do
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Ono što sam zaista želela
13:32
was just, like,
throw a ladder over the side
throw a ladder over the side
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je da prebacim merdevine sa strane
13:34
and get all these kids to come up with me
into this cool meadow.
into this cool meadow.
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i dovedem svu tu decu
da se popnu sa mnom na tu livadu.
da se popnu sa mnom na tu livadu.
13:38
In a way, I feel like this is
the choice that faces us.
the choice that faces us.
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Na neki način, smatram da je ovo
izbor sa kojim se suočavamo.
izbor sa kojim se suočavamo.
13:41
If we dismiss these new natures
as not acceptable or trashy or no good,
as not acceptable or trashy or no good,
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Ako odbacimo tu novu prirodu
kao neprihvatljivu, bezvrednu ili lošu,
kao neprihvatljivu, bezvrednu ili lošu,
13:47
we might as well just pave them over.
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mogli bismo i da je prekrijemo asfaltom.
13:49
And in a world where
everything is changing,
everything is changing,
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U svetu u kome se sve menja,
13:52
we need to be very careful
about how we define nature.
about how we define nature.
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treba da vrlo pažljivo definišemo prirodu.
13:55
In order not to steal it
from our children,
from our children,
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Da je ne bismo krali od svoje dece,
13:57
we have to do two things.
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moramo da uradimo dve stvari.
13:59
First, we cannot define nature
as that which is untouched.
as that which is untouched.
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Prvo, ne možemo definisati prirodu
kao ono što je netaknuto.
kao ono što je netaknuto.
To svakako nikad nije imalo smisla.
14:04
This never made any sense anyway.
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14:05
Nature has not been untouched
for thousands of years.
for thousands of years.
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Priroda nije netaknuta hiljadama godina.
14:08
And it excludes most of the nature
that most people can visit
that most people can visit
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To isključuje većinu prirode
koju većina ljudi može posetiti
koju većina ljudi može posetiti
14:12
and have a relationship with,
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i sa kojom se mogu povezati,
14:14
including only nature
that children cannot touch.
that children cannot touch.
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uključujući samo prirodu
koju deca ne mogu da diraju.
koju deca ne mogu da diraju.
14:18
Which brings me to the second thing
that we have to do,
that we have to do,
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To me dovodi do druge stvari
koju moramo da uradimo,
koju moramo da uradimo,
a to je da dozvolimo deci
da dodirnu prirodu,
da dodirnu prirodu,
14:21
which is that we have to
let children touch nature,
let children touch nature,
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14:23
because that which
is untouched is unloved.
is untouched is unloved.
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jer ono što nije dodirnuto,
to nije ni voljeno.
to nije ni voljeno.
14:26
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
14:35
We face some pretty grim
environmental challenges on this planet.
environmental challenges on this planet.
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Na ovoj planeti se suočavamo
sa vrlo tmurnim izazovima životne sredine.
sa vrlo tmurnim izazovima životne sredine.
14:39
Climate change is among them.
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Klimatske promene su među njima.
14:40
There's others too:
habitat loss is my favorite thing
habitat loss is my favorite thing
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Tu su i druge promene -
gubitak staništa mi je omiljena stvar
oko koje paničim usred noći.
oko koje paničim usred noći.
14:43
to freak out about
in the middle of the night.
in the middle of the night.
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14:45
But in order to solve them,
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Da bismo ih rešili,
14:47
we need people --
smart, dedicated people --
smart, dedicated people --
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potrebni su nam ljudi -
pametni, posvećeni ljudi -
pametni, posvećeni ljudi -
14:50
who care about nature.
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kojima je stalo do prirode.
14:51
And the only way we're going to raise up
a generation of people
a generation of people
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Jedini način na koji ćemo podići
generaciju ljudi
generaciju ljudi
kojima je stalo do prirode
14:54
who care about nature
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je tako što ćemo im dopustiti
da dotaknu prirodu.
da dotaknu prirodu.
14:56
is by letting them touch nature.
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14:58
I have a Fort Theory of Ecology,
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Imam ekološku teoriju tvrđave,
15:00
Fort Theory of Conservation.
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konzervacionu teoriju tvrđave.
15:02
Every ecologist I know,
every conservation biologist I know,
every conservation biologist I know,
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Svaki ekolog kojeg znam,
svaki konzervacioni biolog kojeg znam,
svaki konzervacioni biolog kojeg znam,
svi stručnjaci za konzervaciju
koje poznajem
koje poznajem
15:05
every conservation professional I know,
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15:07
built forts when they were kids.
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gradili su tvrđave kada su bili deca.
Ako imamo generaciju
koja ne zna kako da napravi tvrđavu,
koja ne zna kako da napravi tvrđavu,
15:10
If we have a generation
that doesn't know how to build a fort,
that doesn't know how to build a fort,
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imaćemo generaciju koja ne zna
kako da brine o prirodi.
kako da brine o prirodi.
15:13
we'll have a generation that doesn't
know how to care about nature.
know how to care about nature.
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Ne želim da budem osoba
koja će reći ovom detetu,
koja će reći ovom detetu,
15:17
And I don't want
to be the one to tell this kid,
to be the one to tell this kid,
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koje je na specijalnom programu
15:19
who is on a special program
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odvođenja dece
iz siromašnih krajeva Filadelfije
iz siromašnih krajeva Filadelfije
15:20
that takes Philadelphia kids
from poor neighborhoods
from poor neighborhoods
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u gradske parkove,
15:23
and takes them to city parks,
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ne želim da budem ta koja će mu reći
da je cvet koji drži
da je cvet koji drži
15:24
I don't want to be the one to tell him
that the flower he's holding
that the flower he's holding
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strani invazivni korov
koji treba da baci kao đubre.
koji treba da baci kao đubre.
15:27
is a non-native invasive weed
that he should throw away as trash.
that he should throw away as trash.
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15:31
I think I would much rather
learn from this boy
learn from this boy
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Mislim da bih radije naučila
od ovog dečaka da,
od ovog dečaka da,
15:34
that no matter
where this plant comes from,
where this plant comes from,
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bez obzira na to odakle biljka potiče,
15:37
it is beautiful, and it deserves
to be touched and appreciated.
to be touched and appreciated.
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ona je lepa i zaslužuje
da se dodirne i ceni.
da se dodirne i ceni.
15:41
Thank you.
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Hvala.
15:43
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emma Marris - Environmental writerEmma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair."
Why you should listen
Emma Marris has written among others for Nature, Discover and the New York Times. She challenges the notion that nature can only be preserved in its pristine, pre-human state, a too-narrow characterization "that thwarts bold new plans to save the environment and prevents us from having a fuller relationship with nature." Humans have changed the landscape they inhabit since prehistory, and climate change means even the remotest places now bear the fingerprints of humanity. In her book Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in the Post-Wild World, she argues that we need different strategies for saving nature and champions a blurring of the lines between nature and people for a responsible care of our humanized planet.
Emma Marris | Speaker | TED.com