Emma Marris: Nature is everywhere -- we just need to learn to see it
Емма Марріс: Природа повсюди, лише навчіться її бачити
Emma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
that we are destroying nature
що ми знищуємо природу,
unfortunately also the case.
to define nature in a way
we're creating for ourselves,
left for our children
and their timber,
as all the wild mammals put together.
всіх диких ссавців.
to the sand on ocean beaches.
у пісках на узбережжях океану.
with our artificial fertilizers.
нашими штучними добривами.
the chemistry of the air.
42 percent more carbon dioxide
на 42 відсотки більше вуглекислого газу,
under this rubric of the "Anthropocene."
that some geologists are suggesting
як стверджують деякі геологи,
human influence has been over it.
вплив людини.
but I think it's a helpful way
але, думаю, воно краще допоможе
of human influence on the planet.
на планету.
where everything is influenced by humans?
де людина впливає на все?
Bill McKibben said
і захисник природи Білл Маккіббен сказав,
was a thing apart from man
was altered by man,
"The End of Nature."
Я просто не погоджуюся з ним.
I just disagree with this.
because, fundamentally, we are animals.
що ми, власне, — тварини.
with which we share a planet,
з якими ми ділимо Землю,
and all the other microbes.
by humanity, man or woman.
чоловіками і жінками.
is anywhere where life thrives,
multiple species together,
and thriving and filled with life
всюди, де все квітне, живе
are certain parts of this nature
as kind of Edenic representations
зображенням райської природи
we screwed everything up.
by our day to day activities.
нашої щоденної діяльності.
have no roads or few roads,
чи їх зовсім мало тощо.
are deeply influenced by humans.
North America, for example,
when people first came here,
коли люди вперше сюди прийшли,
of interacting with the nature
of a big slew of large-bodied animals,
багатьох великих тварин,
to the giant ground sloth,
that unfortunately are no longer with us.
які, на жаль, ми ніколи не побачио.
didn't stand still.
changed grasslands into forests,
пасовиська у ліси,
from one tree to another.
of a past before humans,
про минуле перед людством,
at a humanized landscape.
на краєвиди, змінені людьми.
but historical humans, indigenous people
але й давніми народами, аборигенами,
when the first colonizers showed up.
for the other continents as well.
for a very long time.
I was just there.
Там надзвичайно".
sent me to Manú National Park,
національний парк Ману,
uncleared, no roads,
нерозчищеного, бездорожнього,
biodiverse parks in the world.
what did I find, but people.
побачила там людей.
for hundreds and thousands of years.
just float over the jungle.
і не оминають джунглі.
with the landscape.
to build their houses,
з природних матеріалів,
that we consider to be wild animals.
яких ми вважаємо дикими.
with the environment
зі своїм середовищем змістовно,
and that you can see in the environment.
an anthropologist on this trip,
floating down the river,
no demographic voids in the Amazon."
демографічних порожнин".
is that the whole Amazon is like this.
tropical forests are the same,
ecosystems in the past,
to influence them in the present,
they're harder to notice.
that we might want to use
якими ми користуємося,
untouched by humanity
a result where we don't have any nature,
існування природи,
by the presence of multiple species,
за кількістю сусідських видів
there's nature all around us.
we see this Monarch caterpillar
plant species growing there,
a completely wild space.
right under our nose,
little paradox, too.
suburban agricultural existence
провінційних середовищах не поміченою.
than a national park,
ніж у національних парках.
are very carefully managed
which is my closest national park,
(найближчий до мене національний парк) —
that seems to be coming out of the past.
яка наче виринула з минулого.
is white bark pine die-off.
вимирання білостовбурової сосни.
is a beautiful, charismatic --
right now with disease.
that was introduced,
the park service has been planting
працівники парку висаджують
pine seedlings in the park,
які можуть опиратися ракові,
otherwise managing as wilderness.
називати дикими.
beetle repellent in key areas
засоби проти жуків,
much more common than you would think.
ніж ви думаєте.
population size and structure.
кількості та структурі.
is doing all of the things I just listed:
де роблять саме так:
reintroducing bison.
these places look untouched.
зробити ці місця недоторканими.
these places that we love the most
a little too hard, sometimes.
them to be stable
зробити їх стабільними
more fragile over time.
the absolute worst places
out in the middle of nowhere.
for five hours
is hunker down in one spot
just work with it,
build a fort, do something like that.
чи фортецю, а може, й ще щось.
They're hard to visit.
only available to the elites,
лише обраним.
did a survey of young people,
do you spend time outdoors?
за межами дому.
spent time outdoors
were just staying inside.
в чотирьох стінах.
what are the barriers to going outside,
їм вийти на вулицю,
This is just patently false.
of a city park.
are similar in other countries.
your back garden,
forgotten how to see it.
watching David Attenborough documentaries
Девіда Аттенборо,
that is literally right outside our door,
біля наших дверей,
that's been abandoned.
of the High Line story in Manhattan,
про Хай-Лайн у Мангеттені.
developed this into a park yet,
тільки тут ще не перетворили колію у парк,
sort of secret wilderness
дикою природою
in the chain-link fence,
completely wild meadow
the city of Philadelphia.
grew from a seed
self-willed nature.
to do sort of biosurveys,
щоб провести так зване біодослідження.
plant species up there.
більше, ніж 50 видів рослин.
a functioning ecosystem.
It's sequestering carbon.
Тут зменшується кількість вуглецю.
ecosystems like these "novel ecosystems,"
екосистеми "новаторськими",
dominated by non-native species,
we've ever seen before.
бачене нами раніше.
all these novel ecosystems as trash.
що ці новаторські системи просто сміття.
сільськогосподарські поля,
regrown agricultural fields,
being managed on a day-to-day basis,
східному узбережжю США,
the entire East Coast,
the forest sprung up.
господарство перейшло на захід.
власну новаторську екосистему.
novel ecosystem, too.
and he did this experiment himself.
провів такий експеримент.
він запросив студентів старших курсів
he had some grad students come,
a bio-blitz of his backyard,
біологічну звітність на його подвір'ї.
on that future High Line of Philadelphia,
Хай-Лайн Філадельфії,
this abundance, this vibrance,
багатством, барвами.
for a local school,
місцевої школи,
that counts as nature,
вважається природою,
that wouldn't count as nature.
яке не є природою.
no other plants, no other animals.
там немає ані рослин, ані тварин.
throw a ladder over the side
into this cool meadow.
по чудовому лузі.
the choice that faces us.
постає наш вибір.
as not acceptable or trashy or no good,
як щось неприйнятне, брудне і непотрібне,
everything is changing,
about how we define nature.
from our children,
as that which is untouched.
як щось недоторкане.
for thousands of years.
тисячі років.
that most people can visit
куди легко можуть прийти люди
that children cannot touch.
наші діти.
яку ми маємо зробити, —
that we have to do,
let children touch nature,
торкатися природи,
is untouched is unloved.
і пальцем не торкнуть.
страшні екологічні зміни на планеті.
environmental challenges on this planet.
втрату середовища існування
habitat loss is my favorite thing
in the middle of the night.
smart, dedicated people --
a generation of people
every conservation biologist I know,
that doesn't know how to build a fort,
як будувати фортецю,
know how to care about nature.
як піклуватися про природу.
to be the one to tell this kid,
from poor neighborhoods
Філадельфії
that the flower he's holding
що квітка, яку він тримає, —
that he should throw away as trash.
learn from this boy
where this plant comes from,
to be touched and appreciated.
на дотик і захоплення.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Emma Marris - Environmental writerEmma Marris is a writer focusing on environmental science, policy and culture, with an approach that she paints as being "more interested in finding and describing solutions than delineating problems, and more interested in joy than despair."
Why you should listen
Emma Marris has written among others for Nature, Discover and the New York Times. She challenges the notion that nature can only be preserved in its pristine, pre-human state, a too-narrow characterization "that thwarts bold new plans to save the environment and prevents us from having a fuller relationship with nature." Humans have changed the landscape they inhabit since prehistory, and climate change means even the remotest places now bear the fingerprints of humanity. In her book Rambunctious Garden: Saving Nature in the Post-Wild World, she argues that we need different strategies for saving nature and champions a blurring of the lines between nature and people for a responsible care of our humanized planet.
Emma Marris | Speaker | TED.com