ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kees Moeliker - Ornithologist
Kees Moeliker writes and speaks about natural history, especially birds and remarkable animal behavior, as well as improbable research and science-communication-with-a-laugh.

Why you should listen

In Kees Moeliker's career (he's now curator of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam) he's rediscovered long-lost birds, such as the black-chinned monarch (Monarcha boanensis) on the remote Moluccan island of Boano in 1991. On the tiny West Papuan island of Boo he collected and named a new subspecies of fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus booensis).

Aaaaand he's the guy who observed and published the first scientifically documented case of homosexual necrophilia in ducks. For this, he was awarded the 2003 Ig Nobel biology prize, and that much-coveted award led him to appreciate that curiosity and humour can be powerful tools for scientists and science communicators.

Moeliker later used these tools to tell the world about two other notorious, complicated subjects: the brutally murdered ‘Domino’ sparrow and the feared disappearance of the once-ubiquitous pubic louse. He has pioneered unusual ways to engage international audience — to make people think about remarkable animal behaviour, biodiversity and habitat destruction.

His writings include two books, in Dutch: 'De eendenman' (The Duck Guy, 2009) and 'De bilnaad van de teek' (The Butt Crack of the Tick, 2012).

Each year, on June 5, he organizes Dead Duck Day, an event that commemorates the first known case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck. The event also raises awareness for the tremendous number of bird deaths caused, worldwide, by glass buildings.

More profile about the speaker
Kees Moeliker | Speaker | TED.com
TED2013

Kees Moeliker: How a dead duck changed my life

吉斯 莫伊里克(Kees Moeliker): 死鸭改变人生

Filmed:
1,419,897 views

一天下午,Kees Moeliker得到了一次鸟类学者毕生难求的研究机遇:一只鸭子撞向他的玻璃办公楼后死亡……接下来发生的事情改变了他的生活(注意:本视频包含描述动物性行为的图片)
- Ornithologist
Kees Moeliker writes and speaks about natural history, especially birds and remarkable animal behavior, as well as improbable research and science-communication-with-a-laugh. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
This is the Natural自然 History历史 Museum博物馆 in Rotterdam鹿特丹,
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这是鹿特丹的自然历史博物馆,
00:15
where I work as a curator馆长.
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我在这里行馆长之职。
00:18
It's my job工作 to make sure the collection采集 stays入住 okay,
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我的工作就是确保这些收藏品完好,
00:21
and that it grows成长,
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展品越来越丰富,
00:23
and basically基本上 it means手段 I collect搜集 dead animals动物.
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这意味着我收集一些死去的动物。
00:28
Back in 1995,
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回溯到1995年,
00:30
we got a new wing翅膀 next下一个 to the museum博物馆.
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博物馆旁边建了一座辅楼。
00:35
It was made制作 of glass玻璃,
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它是由玻璃制作的,
00:37
and this building建造 really helped帮助 me to do my job工作 good.
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这个建筑非常好的帮助我改善工作。
00:43
The building建造 was a true真正 bird-killer鸟杀手.
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因为这个建筑是个不折不扣的鸟类杀手。
00:47
You may可能 know that birds鸟类 don't understand理解
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你们知道有玻璃,而那些鸟类却不知道
00:49
the concept概念 of glass玻璃. They don't see it,
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它们根本看不出来,
00:52
so they fly into the windows视窗 and get killed杀害.
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于是撞上玻璃而身亡。
00:56
The only thing I had to do was go out,
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我唯一需要做的就是走出去,
00:58
pick them up, and have them stuffed填充的 for the collection采集.
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将它们捡起来,然后填些东西制成标本。
01:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:05
And in those days,
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在那些日子里,
01:07
I developed发达 an ear to identify鉴定 birds鸟类
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我渐渐有了闻声识鸟的能力
01:11
just by the sound声音 of the bangs前刘海 they made制作 against反对 the glass玻璃.
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只需要通过分辨鸟撞上玻璃时,不同的“呯”。
01:16
And it was on June六月 5, 1995,
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那是在1995年的6月5日,
01:20
that I heard听说 a loud bang against反对 the glass玻璃
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我听到物体撞上玻璃时巨大的“呯”声
01:24
that changed my life and ended结束 that of a duck.
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它改变了我的生命,也终结了一个鸭子的生命。
01:29
And this is what I saw when I looked看着 out of the window窗口.
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这就是我当时所看到的窗子
01:34
This is the dead duck. It flew against反对 the window窗口.
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这就是那只死去的鸭子,它撞上了玻璃
01:38
It's laying铺设 dead on its belly肚皮.
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肚皮朝下死去了。
01:39
But next下一个 to the dead duck is a live生活 duck,
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但是贴着死去的鸭子是一只活着的鸭子,
01:43
and please pay工资 attention注意.
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请各位仔细看
01:45
Both are of the male sex性别.
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这两只都是雄性
01:50
And then this happened发生.
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接下来发生的
01:53
The live生活 duck mounted安装 the dead duck,
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活着的鸭子爬上了死去的鸭子身上,
01:55
and started开始 to copulate.
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然后开始交配。
01:58
Well, I'm a biologist生物学家. I'm an ornithologist鸟类学家.
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好吧,我是一个生物学家,我是一个鸟类学家。
02:01
I said, "Something's出了点 wrong错误 here."
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我说,“这里一定是发生了错误。”
02:03
One is dead, one is alive. That must必须 be necrophilia奸尸.
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一只死的,一只活的……这必然是恋尸癖啊!
02:09
I look. Both are of the male sex性别.
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我再看,都是雄性……
02:12
Homosexual同性 necrophilia奸尸.
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同性恋尸癖啊!
02:17
So I -- (Laughter笑声)
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所以我……(笑声)
02:22
I took my camera相机, I took my notebook笔记本,
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我拿出相机,拿出笔记本,
02:25
took a chair椅子, and started开始 to observe this behavior行为.
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搬来一张椅子,然会开始观察这一行为。
02:30
After 75 minutes分钟 — (Laughter笑声) —
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过了75分钟之后——(笑声)——
02:36
I had seen看到 enough足够, and I got hungry饥饿,
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我觉得看够了,而且感到很饥饿。
02:41
and I wanted to go home.
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于是我想回家。
02:43
So I went out, collected the duck,
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所以我走出去,收回这只鸭子,
02:47
and before I put it in the freezer冰箱,
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在我放进冷藏柜之前,
02:49
I checked检查 if the victim受害者 was indeed确实 of the male sex性别.
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我再一次检查这个牺牲者是否确实是雄性。
02:54
And here's这里的 a rare罕见 picture图片 of a duck's penis阴茎,
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这儿是一个罕见鸭子阳具的图片,
02:57
so it was indeed确实 of the male sex性别.
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所以它确确实实是雄性。
03:00
It's a rare罕见 picture图片 because there are 10,000 species种类 of birds鸟类
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这张照片之所以罕见,是因为鸟类有10000多种
03:04
and only 300 possess具有 a penis阴茎.
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但只有300种左右拥有阳具。
03:08
[The first case案件 of homosexual同性 necrophilia奸尸 in the mallard Anas阿纳斯 platyrhynchos绿头鸭 (Aves鸟类:Anatidae鸭科)]
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[野生绿头鸭(鸟类:鸭科)的首例同性恋尸癖行为研究]
03:11
I knew知道 I'd seen看到 something special特别,
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我知道我看到了一些很特别的现象
03:15
but it took me six years年份 to decide决定 to publish发布 it.
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但却让我用了六年的时间来决定将它发表。
03:20
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:23
I mean, it's a nice不错 topic话题 for a birthday生日 party派对
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我的意思是,这可能是在生日宴会上很出彩的话题
03:26
or at the coffee咖啡 machine,
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或者在咖啡机旁的闲聊,
03:28
but to share分享 this among其中 your peers同行 is something different不同.
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但是将它作为学术分享到同行之间,就发生了质的变化
03:31
I didn't have the framework骨架.
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我当时还没有一个框架,
03:33
So after six years年份, my friends朋友 and colleagues同事 urged敦促 me to publish发布,
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所以在六年之后,我的朋友和同事催促我将它发表,
03:36
so I published发表 "The first case案件 of homosexual同性 necrophilia奸尸
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所以我发表题为“首例绿头鸭
03:40
in the mallard."
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的同性恋尸癖行为“
03:41
And here's这里的 the situation情况 again.
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于是又是相同的情景,
03:44
A is my office办公室,
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A是我的办公室,
03:46
B is the place地点 where the duck hit击中 the glass玻璃,
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B是那只鸭子撞上玻璃的地方,
03:49
and C is from where I watched看着 it.
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C是我观察行为的地方,
03:52
And here are the ducks鸭子 again.
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现在又是那对鸭子。
03:55
As you probably大概 know, in science科学,
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你可能会想,在科学界,
03:57
when you write a kind of special特别 paper,
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你写出了一篇特别的文章,
03:59
only six or seven people read it.
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只有6个或7个人去读它,
04:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:08
But then something good happened发生.
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但这也是一件好事,
04:11
I got a phone电话 call from a person called Marc渣子 Abrahams亚伯拉罕,
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我接到来自一位叫做马克·亚伯拉罕斯的来电,
04:15
and he told me, "You've won韩元 a prize with your duck paper:
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他告诉我,”你的鸭子论文已经获奖了:
04:20
the Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel诺贝尔 Prize."
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诺贝尔搞笑奖。”
04:24
And the Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel诺贝尔 Prize
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而这个诺贝尔搞笑奖——
04:26
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声) —
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(笑声)(掌声)——
04:30
the Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel诺贝尔 Prize honors荣誉 research研究
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诺贝尔搞笑奖的荣誉研究
04:32
that first makes品牌 people laugh, and then makes品牌 them think,
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先让人们开怀大笑,之后开始思考
04:35
with the ultimate最终 goal目标 to make more people
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它的宗旨是让更多的人
04:38
interested有兴趣 in science科学.
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对科学产生兴趣。
04:41
That's a good thing, so I accepted公认 the prize.
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这是一件好事,所以我接收了这个奖项。
04:45
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:48
I went -- let me remind提醒 you that Marc渣子 Abrahams亚伯拉罕
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我来到——让我重提下这位马克·亚伯拉罕斯
04:52
didn't call me from Stockholm斯德哥尔摩.
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他并不是从斯德哥尔摩打电话给我,
04:53
He called me from Cambridge剑桥, Massachusetts马萨诸塞.
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而是来自马塞诸萨州的剑桥。
04:56
So I traveled旅行 to Boston波士顿, to Cambridge剑桥,
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于是我来到波士顿,前往剑桥,
04:59
and I went to this wonderful精彩 Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel诺贝尔 Prize ceremony仪式
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我参加这场诺贝尔搞笑典礼的盛会
05:02
held保持 at Harvard哈佛 University大学, and this ceremony仪式
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地点是在哈佛大学,而这场典礼
05:04
is a very nice不错 experience经验.
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真是一次美妙的经历。
05:10
Real真实 Nobel诺贝尔 laureates获奖者 hand you the prize.
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由真正的诺贝尔获奖者授予你这份奖项。
05:13
That's the first thing.
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这只是个开端。
05:14
And there are nine other winners获奖者 who get prizes奖品.
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那里还有九个其他的获奖者,
05:17
Here's这里的 one of my fellow同伴 winners获奖者. That's Charles查尔斯 Paxton帕克斯顿
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这是其中之一,查尔斯·帕克斯顿
05:21
who won韩元 the 2000 biology生物学 prize for his paper,
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他的论文获得2000年的生物奖,
05:26
"Courtship求爱 behavior行为 of ostriches鸵鸟 towards humans人类
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“鸵鸟的向人类作出的求偶行为
05:30
under farming农业 conditions条件 in Britain英国."
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在英国的农场条件下。”
05:32
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:36
And I think there are one or two more
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我认为这里有一两个更多的
05:40
Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel诺贝尔 Prize winners获奖者 in this room房间.
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诺贝尔搞笑奖获得者在这个大厅里。
05:43
Dan, where are you? Dan Ariely艾瑞里?
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丹,你在哪里?丹·阿雷利?
05:46
Applause掌声 for Dan.
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请掌声欢迎丹。
05:48
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
05:51
Dan won韩元 his prize in medicine医学
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丹获得了医学奖
05:55
for demonstrating示范 that high-priced高价位的 fake medicine医学
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他演示了昂贵的假药
05:59
works作品 better than low-priced fake medicine医学.
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药效要比廉价的假药要好。
06:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:07
So here's这里的 my one minute分钟 of fame名誉,
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这就是我获奖的那一刻
06:09
my acceptance验收 speech言语,
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我在发表获奖感言
06:14
and here's这里的 the duck.
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这是那只鸭子。
06:16
This is its first time on the U.S. West西 Coast.
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这是它第一次来到美国西海岸
06:21
I'm going to pass通过 it around.
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我希望大家可以传阅。
06:24
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:29
Yeah?
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如何?
06:30
You can pass通过 it around.
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你可以将它传给其他观众,
06:32
Please note注意 it's a museum博物馆 specimen标本,
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请注意它是一个博物馆的标本,
06:34
but there's no chance机会 you'll你会 get the avian禽流感 flu流感.
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所以你不会感染禽流感……
06:39
After winning胜利 this prize, my life changed.
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在这次获奖之后,我的生活发生了改变。
06:43
In the first place地点, people started开始 to send发送 me
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起初,有人开始给我寄一些东西
06:46
all kinds of duck-related鸭相关 things,
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都是些关于鸭子的物品,
06:49
and I got a real真实 nice不错 collection采集.
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然后我获得了非常好的收藏。
06:52
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:55
More importantly重要的,
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更为重要的是,
07:01
people started开始 to send发送 me their observations意见
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人们开始寄给我他们自己的观测
07:05
of remarkable卓越 animal动物 behavior行为,
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关于动物与众不同的行为,
07:08
and believe me, if there's an animal动物 misbehaving行为不端 on this planet行星,
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请相信我,如果在这个星球上那只动物发生了不正常行为,
07:11
I know about it.
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我肯定会被告知。
07:13
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:17
This is a moose驼鹿.
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这是一只麋鹿。
07:22
It's a moose驼鹿 trying to copulate
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这只麋鹿试图去交配……
07:23
with a bronze青铜 statue雕像 of a bison野牛.
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和一只野牛的铜像。
07:27
This is in Montana蒙大拿, 2008.
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发生在2008年的蒙大纳州。
07:31
This is a frog青蛙 that tries尝试 to copulate with a goldfish金鱼.
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这是一只青蛙试图和一只金鱼交配,
07:35
This is the Netherlands荷兰, 2011.
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发生在2011年的荷兰。
07:38
These are cane甘蔗 toads蟾蜍 in Australia澳大利亚.
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它们是澳大利亚的“甘蔗蟾蜍”。
07:42
This is roadkill团队:Roadkill.
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下面的这只是被撞死的,
07:43
Please note注意 that this is necrophilia奸尸.
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请注意这又是一起恋尸癖,
07:47
It's remarkable卓越: the position位置.
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而且尤为不寻常的是——体位……
07:48
The missionary传教士 position位置 is very rare罕见 in the animal动物 kingdom王国.
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这种传教士姿势在动物界是非常罕见的。
07:53
These are pigeons鸽子 in Rotterdam鹿特丹.
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这些是鹿特丹的鸽子
07:59
Barn谷仓 swallows燕子 in Hong香港 Kong, 2004.
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家燕,2004年的香港
08:03
This is a turkey火鸡 in Wisconsin威斯康星
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这是一只威斯康辛州的火鸡
08:07
on the premises房地 of the Ethan阮经天 Allen艾伦 juvenile少年 correctional惩教 institution机构.
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在伊森艾伦未成年犯管教机构的房屋上
08:13
It took all day,
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交配历时一整天,
08:15
and the prisoners囚犯 had a great time.
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囚犯们度过了一段美好的时光
08:20
So what does this mean?
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那么这些现象意味着什么?
08:22
I mean, the question I ask myself,
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我是说,我问自己,
08:25
why does this happen发生 in nature性质?
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为什么这些现象自然而然的发生了?
08:27
Well, what I concluded总结
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好吧,我得出的结论是
08:29
from reviewing回顾 all these cases
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通过回顾这些个例
08:31
is that it is important重要 that this happens发生
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这些现象发生的关键是
08:35
only when death死亡 is instant瞬间
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只有当死亡是瞬间发生
08:39
and in a dramatic戏剧性 way
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伴随戏剧化的方式
08:42
and in the right position位置 for copulation交配.
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又正好适合交配的体位
08:45
At least最小, I thought it was till直到 I got these slides幻灯片.
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直到我看到接下来的这组幻灯片。
08:50
And here you see a dead duck.
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这里你可以看到一只死掉的鸭子
08:53
It's been there for three days,
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它死在那里已经三天了
08:55
and it's laying铺设 on its back.
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然而姿势是仰天朝上。
08:57
So there goes my theory理论 of necrophilia奸尸.
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所以我之前关于恋尸癖的理论并不完全正确。
09:03
Another另一个 example of the impact碰撞
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另一个例子是
09:05
of glass玻璃 buildings房屋 on the life of birds鸟类.
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玻璃建筑对鸟类生命的影响。
09:07
This is Mad Max马克斯, a blackbird黑鸟 who lives生活 in Rotterdam鹿特丹.
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这是现实版“精卫”,一只生活在鹿特丹的乌鸦。
09:10
The only thing this bird did was fly against反对 this window窗口
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这只鸟每天做的事情,就是与这堵玻璃的斗争
09:16
from 2004 to 2008, day in and day out.
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从2004年一直到2008年,日以继夜的重复。
09:21
Here he goes, and here's这里的 a short video视频.
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它要冲向玻璃了,请看视频。
09:24
(Music音乐) (Clunk闷响)
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(音乐)(呯)
09:32
(Clunk闷响)
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(呯)
09:46
(Clunk闷响)
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(呯)
09:56
(Clunk闷响)
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(呯)
09:59
So what this bird does
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这只鸟所做的
10:01
is fight斗争 his own拥有 image图片.
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是与他在玻璃中的镜像斗争。
10:05
He sees看到 an intruder侵入者 in his territory领土,
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他以为在自己领地出现了入侵者,
10:07
and it's coming未来 all the time and he's there,
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而且只要他在,“敌人”也在……
10:10
so there is no end结束 to it.
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所以他想终结这种情况。
10:12
And I thought, in the beginning开始 -- I studied研究 this bird for a couple一对 of years年份 --
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我在最初的时候——我已经研究这只鸟很多年了——
10:15
that, well, shouldn't不能 the brain of this bird be damaged破损?
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我想这只鸟的大脑会不会被撞坏?
10:18
It's not. I show显示 you here some slides幻灯片,
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确实不会,我给你们展示这些幻灯片,
10:21
some frames from the video视频,
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是从视频的节选,
10:23
and at the last moment时刻 before he hits点击 the glass玻璃,
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在它即将碰到玻璃的临近时刻,
10:27
he puts看跌期权 his feet in front面前,
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他把他的脚放在前面,
10:29
and then he bangs前刘海 against反对 the glass玻璃.
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然后才重击到玻璃上。
10:34
So I'll conclude得出结论 to invite邀请 you all to Dead Duck Day.
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最后,我邀请大家能来参加死鸭子节。
10:38
That's on June六月 5 every一切 year.
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每年的6月5日。
10:41
At five minutes分钟 to six in the afternoon下午,
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在下午的5点55分,
10:44
we come together一起 at the Natural自然 History历史 Museum博物馆 in Rotterdam鹿特丹,
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我们聚在鹿特丹的自然历史博物馆,
10:48
the duck comes out of the museum博物馆,
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把鸭子从博物馆中取出,
10:51
and we try to discuss讨论 new ways方法
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我们试着探讨用新的方式
10:53
to prevent避免 birds鸟类 from colliding碰撞 with windows视窗.
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来保护鸟类防止撞上玻璃。
10:57
And as you know, or as you may可能 not know,
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或许你们知道,也或许不清楚,
10:59
this is one of the major重大的 causes原因 of death死亡
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这是全世界的鸟类
11:02
for birds鸟类 in the world世界.
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最显著的致死因子之一。
11:04
In the U.S. alone单独, a billion十亿 birds鸟类 die
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单是在美国,十亿鸟类
11:06
in collision碰撞 with glass玻璃 buildings房屋.
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死于玻璃建筑的碰撞。
11:10
And when it's over, we go to a Chinese中文 restaurant餐厅
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当聚会结束之后,我们前往中国餐馆
11:16
and we have a six-course六道菜 duck dinner晚餐.
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享受一次六道菜的晚餐。
11:20
So I hope希望 to see you
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我希望能见到大家
11:23
next下一个 year in Rotterdam鹿特丹, the Netherlands荷兰,
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在明年的荷兰鹿特丹,
11:26
for Dead Duck Day.
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庆祝死鸭子节。
11:28
Thank you.
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谢谢。
11:29
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
11:31
Oh, sorry.
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哦,对不起。
11:37
May可能 I have my duck back, please?
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请问我可以取回我的鸭子吗?
11:39
(Laughter笑声) (Applause掌声)
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(笑声)(掌声)
11:42
Thank you.
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谢谢。
Translated by Zheqing Fang
Reviewed by dahong zhang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kees Moeliker - Ornithologist
Kees Moeliker writes and speaks about natural history, especially birds and remarkable animal behavior, as well as improbable research and science-communication-with-a-laugh.

Why you should listen

In Kees Moeliker's career (he's now curator of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam) he's rediscovered long-lost birds, such as the black-chinned monarch (Monarcha boanensis) on the remote Moluccan island of Boano in 1991. On the tiny West Papuan island of Boo he collected and named a new subspecies of fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus booensis).

Aaaaand he's the guy who observed and published the first scientifically documented case of homosexual necrophilia in ducks. For this, he was awarded the 2003 Ig Nobel biology prize, and that much-coveted award led him to appreciate that curiosity and humour can be powerful tools for scientists and science communicators.

Moeliker later used these tools to tell the world about two other notorious, complicated subjects: the brutally murdered ‘Domino’ sparrow and the feared disappearance of the once-ubiquitous pubic louse. He has pioneered unusual ways to engage international audience — to make people think about remarkable animal behaviour, biodiversity and habitat destruction.

His writings include two books, in Dutch: 'De eendenman' (The Duck Guy, 2009) and 'De bilnaad van de teek' (The Butt Crack of the Tick, 2012).

Each year, on June 5, he organizes Dead Duck Day, an event that commemorates the first known case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck. The event also raises awareness for the tremendous number of bird deaths caused, worldwide, by glass buildings.

More profile about the speaker
Kees Moeliker | Speaker | TED.com

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