ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sandra Aamodt - Neuroscientist and science writer
Sandra Aamodt explores the neuroscience of everyday life, examining new research and its impact on our understanding of ourselves.

Why you should listen

Sandra Aamodt is a neuroscientist and science writer, who takes the complexities of neuroscience research and whips them into fun reads that give people a better understanding of their minds and behavior. Her books Welcome to Your Brain and Welcome to Your Child's Brain (both written with Sam Wang) are designed to bring neuroscience to a general audience, and they've both been widely translated. Aamodt's science writing has also appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, El Mundo and the Times of London.

From 2003 to 2008, Aamodt was the editor-in-chief of Nature Neuroscience, a leading scientific journal in the field of brain research. She brings a significant scientific background to the task of explaining new research without creating neurobunk. During her career, she has read over five thousand neuroscience papers, and written many editorials on science policy.

More profile about the speaker
Sandra Aamodt | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2013

Sandra Aamodt: Why dieting doesn't usually work

桑德拉•阿莫特: 为什么节食经常不起作用?

Filmed:
4,759,762 views

在美国,80%的女孩在她们10岁的时候便开始节食。在这个真实而质朴的演讲中,神经学家桑德拉•阿莫特用她自己的故事讲述了大脑是如何控制我们的身体的。她还探索了为什么节食不仅不起作用,而且其带来的危害比好处更多的科学规律。她真诚地提出了一些建议,提出了如何过不用痴迷于节食生活的一些想法。
- Neuroscientist and science writer
Sandra Aamodt explores the neuroscience of everyday life, examining new research and its impact on our understanding of ourselves. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Three and a half years年份 ago,
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三年半前
00:14
I made制作 one of the best最好 decisions决定 of my life.
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我做了人生中最棒的一个决定
00:17
As my New Year's年份 resolution解析度,
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作为新年的新决心
00:19
I gave up dieting节食, stopped停止 worrying令人担忧 about my weight重量,
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我放弃了节食,
停止了对自己体重的忧虑
00:23
and learned学到了 to eat mindfully正念.
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我开始谨慎地对待进食
00:26
Now I eat whenever每当 I'm hungry饥饿,
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现在,只要我饿了我就吃
00:30
and I've lost丢失 10 pounds英镑.
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我甚至还减了10磅
(约为4.55公斤)
00:33
This was me at age年龄 13,
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这是我13岁时候的样子
00:36
when I started开始 my first diet饮食.
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那是我开始第一次节食
00:38
I look at that picture图片 now, and I think,
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现在我看着这张照片,我想
00:41
you did not need a diet饮食,
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我需要的不是节食
00:43
you needed需要 a fashion时尚 consult请教.
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而是一名时尚顾问
00:46
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:48
But I thought I needed需要 to lose失去 weight重量,
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但当时我认为自己需要减肥
00:51
and when I gained获得 it back,
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当我体重反弹回来的时候
00:53
of course课程 I blamed指责 myself.
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我感到自责
00:57
And for the next下一个 three decades几十年,
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在接下来的三十年里
00:59
I was on and off various各个 diets饮食.
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我开始又结束了各式各样的节食
01:02
No matter what I tried试着,
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无论我采取怎样的努力
01:04
the weight重量 I'd lost丢失 always came来了 back.
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我减去的体重总会反弹回来
01:07
I'm sure many许多 of you know the feeling感觉.
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我确信你们中的很多人能体会到这感觉
01:10
As a neuroscientist神经学家,
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作为一名神经科学家
01:12
I wondered想知道, why is this so hard?
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我很疑惑,为什么这如此困难?
01:15
Obviously明显, how much you weigh称重 depends依靠 on
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很显然,你的重量决定于
01:17
how much you eat and how much energy能源 you burn烧伤.
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你吃了多少和你消耗了多少能量
01:20
What most people don't realize实现
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但绝大部分人没有意识到的是
01:22
is that hunger饥饿 and energy能源 use
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饥饿和消耗
01:24
are controlled受控 by the brain,
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是由大脑掌控的
01:26
mostly大多 without your awareness意识.
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大多数情况下你甚至不会意识到
01:30
Your brain does a lot of its work behind背后 the scenes场景,
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你的大脑在后台做了很多事
01:33
and that is a good thing,
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这很好
01:35
because your conscious意识 mind心神 --
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因为你的意识
01:38
how do we put this politely礼貌? --
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让我想个更有礼貌的说法---
01:39
it's easily容易 distracted分心.
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很容易被分散
01:43
It's good that you don't have to remember记得 to breathe呼吸
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当你专注于电影的时候
01:45
when you get caught抓住 up in a movie电影.
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你不需要记得呼吸
亦可自由畅快地呼吸
01:48
You don't forget忘记 how to walk步行
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你不会因为思考晚餐吃什么
01:50
because you're thinking思维 about
what to have for dinner晚餐.
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而忘记如何行走
01:53
Your brain also has its own拥有 sense
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你的大脑对于你的体重
01:55
of what you should weigh称重,
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有着自己的一套想法
01:57
no matter what you consciously自觉 believe.
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无论你有意识地在想些什么
02:00
This is called your set point,
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这被叫做你的设定值
02:02
but that's a misleading误导 term术语,
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但那是个误导人的术语
02:04
because it's actually其实 a range范围
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因为事实上它是一个范围
02:05
of about 10 or 15 pounds英镑.
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大约在10到15磅内浮动
02:08
You can use lifestyle生活方式 choices选择 to move移动 your weight重量
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你可以通过选择生活方式来改变你的体重
02:11
up and down within that range范围,
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在这个范围内上下浮动
02:13
but it's much, much harder更难 to stay outside of it.
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但是如果要超出这个范围
将是非常非常困难的
02:18
The hypothalamus下丘脑, the part部分 of the brain
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大脑的一个部分叫下丘脑
02:20
that regulates调整对象 body身体 weight重量,
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它调节着你的体重
02:21
there are more than a dozen chemical化学 signals信号
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你的大脑有十多种化学信号
02:24
in the brain that tell your body身体 to gain获得 weight重量,
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会告诉你的身体去增加体重
02:26
more than another另一个 dozen that
tell your body身体 to lose失去 it,
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还有另外十多种信号会告诉你的身体去减重,
02:30
and the system系统 works作品 like a thermostat恒温器,
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这系统的工作原理就像恒温器
02:33
responding响应 to signals信号 from the body身体
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对身体接收到的信号做出反应
02:36
by adjusting调整 hunger饥饿, activity活动 and metabolism代谢,
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通过调节饥饿感,活动,新陈代谢
02:39
to keep your weight重量 stable稳定 as conditions条件 change更改.
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根据条件的变化,维持你的体重
02:43
That's what a thermostat恒温器 does, right?
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这就是恒温器的作用,对吧?
02:45
It keeps保持 the temperature温度 in your house the same相同
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恒温器会根据房屋外部天气的变化不断调节
02:49
as the weather天气 changes变化 outside.
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从而保持室内的温度恒定
02:51
Now you can try to change更改 the temperature温度
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现在你可以通过在冬季打开一扇窗
02:54
in your house by opening开盘 a window窗口 in the winter冬季,
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来调节室内的温度
02:58
but that's not going to change更改
the setting设置 on the thermostat恒温器,
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但这个动作并不会改变恒温器的设置
03:02
which哪一个 will respond响应 by kicking on the furnace
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恒温器对此的反应是打开火炉
03:04
to warm the place地点 back up.
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把屋内的温度调节回温暖的状态
03:06
Your brain works作品 exactly究竟 the same相同 way,
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你的大脑就是这样工作的
03:09
responding响应 to weight重量 loss失利 by using运用 powerful强大 tools工具
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当你体重减轻的时候
03:13
to push your body身体 back
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它会用有效地工具让你的体重回归
03:14
to what it considers考虑 normal正常.
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回归到它认为正常的状态
03:18
If you lose失去 a lot of weight重量,
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如果你减重过多
03:20
your brain reacts发生反应 as if you were starving挨饿,
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你大脑的反应就是你快饿死了
03:24
and whether是否 you started开始 out fat脂肪 or thin,
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无论你最初是胖还是瘦
03:27
your brain's大脑的 response响应 is exactly究竟 the same相同.
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大脑的反应都是一模一样的
03:30
We would love to think that your brain could tell
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我们非常希望我们的大脑可以
03:32
whether是否 you need to lose失去 weight重量 or not,
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感知我们是否需要减重
03:33
but it can't.
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但它不能
03:36
If you do lose失去 a lot of weight重量,
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如果你真的减去了很多体重
03:38
you become成为 hungry饥饿,
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你会感到很饿
03:41
and your muscles肌肉 burn烧伤 less energy能源.
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你的肌肉会消耗更少的能量
03:44
Dr博士. Rudy鲁迪 Leibel利贝尔 of Columbia哥伦比亚 University大学
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哥伦比亚大学的鲁迪利贝尔博士
03:46
has found发现 that people who have lost丢失
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发现那些
03:48
10 percent百分 of their body身体 weight重量
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减去体重10%的人们
03:50
burn烧伤 250 to 400 calories卡路里 less
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消耗的热量比未减重之前少250到400卡路里
03:53
because their metabolism代谢 is suppressed抑制.
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因为他们的新陈代谢被抑制了
03:56
That's a lot of food餐饮.
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这些(热量)等于相当多的食物中所含的热量
03:58
This means手段 that a successful成功 dieter减肥
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这意味着一个成功的节食者
04:00
must必须 eat this much less forever永远
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必须比和他相同体重的人
04:03
than someone有人 of the same相同 weight重量
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少吃这么多食物
04:05
who has always been thin.
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因为这个人一直都这么瘦
04:07
From an evolutionary发展的 perspective透视,
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从进化的角度上讲
04:09
your body's身体的 resistance抵抗性 to weight重量 loss失利 makes品牌 sense.
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人的身体对于减重的抵制情有可原
04:11
When food餐饮 was scarce稀缺, our ancestors'祖先' survival生存
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当食物匮乏时,我们的祖先
04:14
depended依赖 on conserving节约 energy能源,
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依靠身体中储存的能量生存
04:17
and regaining恢复 the weight重量 when food餐饮 was available可得到
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当食物充足时增加体重
04:19
would have protected保护 them
against反对 the next下一个 shortage短缺.
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将会确保他们在下一次
食物短缺的情况下能够生存下来
04:22
Over the course课程 of human人的 history历史,
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在人类历史进程中
04:25
starvation饥饿 has been a much bigger problem问题
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饥饿一直是比吃撑
04:28
than overeating暴饮暴食.
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更大的问题
04:30
This may可能 explain说明 a very sad伤心 fact事实:
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这说明了一个非常可悲的事实
04:34
Set points can go up,
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设定值可以增加
04:37
but they rarely很少 go down.
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但几乎不会减少
04:39
Now, if your mother母亲 ever mentioned提到
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现在如果你妈妈跟你说
04:42
that life is not fair公平,
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生活很不公平
04:44
this is the kind of thing she was talking about.
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这就是她所说的情形
04:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:50
Successful成功 dieting节食 doesn't lower降低 your set point.
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节食成功并不会降低设定值
04:53
Even after you've kept不停 the weight重量 off
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即便是你已经减轻体重
04:54
for as long as seven years年份,
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长达七年之久
04:56
your brain keeps保持 trying to make you gain获得 it back.
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你的大脑一直会让你把减掉的体重增回来
05:00
If that weight重量 loss失利 had been due应有 to a long famine饥荒,
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如果减重是由长时间饥饿造成的
05:04
that would be a sensible明智 response响应.
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这是合情合理的反应
05:06
In our modern现代 world世界 of drive-thru得来速 burgers汉堡,
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在充斥着得来速汉堡的现代世界
05:09
it's not working加工 out so well for many许多 of us.
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这种反应并不适用于大多数人
05:12
That difference区别 between之间 our ancestral past过去
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过去我们祖先的生活
05:16
and our abundant丰富 present当下
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和现代人富足的生活的差异
05:18
is the reason原因 that Dr博士. Yoni约尼 FreedhoffFreedhoff
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是渥太华大学的
05:20
of the University大学 of Ottawa渥太华
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约尼 弗雷德霍夫 博士
05:23
would like to take some of his patients耐心 back to a time
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想让他的一些病人回到
05:25
when food餐饮 was less available可得到,
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食物不充足年代的原因
05:27
and it's also the reason原因
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这也是为什么
05:29
that changing改变 the food餐饮 environment环境
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改变饮食环境
05:31
is really going to be the most effective有效 solution
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将成为解决肥胖问题
05:36
to obesity肥胖.
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最有效的方法
05:38
Sadly可悲的是, a temporary临时 weight重量 gain获得
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不幸的是,短暂的增重
05:41
can become成为 permanent常驻.
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可变为永久的增重
05:43
If you stay at a high weight重量 for too long,
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如果你长时间处于超重状态
05:46
probably大概 a matter of years年份 for most of us,
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对于我们大多数人来说可能是若干年
05:48
your brain may可能 decide决定 that that's the new normal正常.
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你的大脑就会觉得这是新的正常状态
05:53
Psychologists心理学家 classify分类 eaters食客 into two groups,
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心理学家把“吃货”分成两类
05:57
those who rely依靠 on their hunger饥饿
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一类人靠本能的饥饿反应去吃
05:58
and those who try to control控制 their eating
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另一类人则是用意志去控制饮食
06:01
through通过 willpower意志, like most dieters节食.
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就像大多数节食者一样
06:07
Let's call them intuitive直观的 eaters食客 and controlled受控 eaters食客.
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我们称他们为本能型食着和自控型食者
06:13
The interesting有趣 thing is that intuitive直观的 eaters食客
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有趣的是本型能食者
06:16
are less likely容易 to be overweight超重,
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很少会超重
06:18
and they spend less time thinking思维 about food餐饮.
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并且他们会花较少的时间思考吃什么东西
06:22
Controlled受控 eaters食客 are more vulnerable弱势
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自控型食者则更容易受到
06:26
to overeating暴饮暴食 in response响应 to advertising广告,
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广告,超大分量和自助餐的影响
06:28
super-sizing超级上浆, and the all-you-can-eat都可以吃 buffet自助餐.
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而造成饮食过量
06:32
And a small indulgence放纵,
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一个小小的放纵
06:34
like eating one scoop of ice cream奶油,
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比如一勺冰激凌
06:37
is more likely容易 to lead to a food餐饮 binge狂欢
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更有可能在自控型食者中
06:43
in controlled受控 eaters食客.
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导致暴饮暴食的结果
06:45
Children孩子 are especially特别 vulnerable弱势
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在这种节食和暴饮暴食的循环下
06:47
to this cycle周期 of dieting节食 and then binging暴食.
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孩子们特别容易受到伤害
06:50
Several一些 long-term长期 studies学习 have shown显示
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一些长期研究表明
06:53
that girls女孩 who diet饮食 in their early teenage青少年 years年份
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在青少年初期节食的女孩
06:57
are three times more likely容易 to become成为 overweight超重
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在五年之后超重的可能性
07:00
five years年份 later后来,
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是未节食者的三倍
07:02
even if they started开始 at a normal正常 weight重量,
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即便她们一开始体重正常
07:04
and all of these studies学习 found发现
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所有这些研究发现
07:07
that the same相同 factors因素
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预示体重增加
07:09
that predicted预料到的 weight重量 gain获得
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的因素
07:13
also predicted预料到的 the development发展 of eating disorders障碍.
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也预示着饮食失调的产生
07:16
The other factor因子, by the way,
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顺便说一下
07:17
those of you who are parents父母,
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请家长们注意了
07:19
was being存在 teased戏弄 by family家庭 members会员
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另外一个因素
07:22
about their weight重量.
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是“因体重而被家庭成员取笑”
07:23
So don't do that.
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所以别那样做
07:25
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:27
I left almost几乎 all my graphs at home,
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我几乎把我所有的图表放家里了
07:30
but I couldn't不能 resist throwing投掷 in just this one,
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但我就是无法抗拒想要拿出这张图
07:32
because I'm a geek极客, and that's how I roll.
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因为我是个书虫,没图表不舒服
07:34
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:37
This is a study研究 that looked看着 at the risk风险 of death死亡
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下面我要讲的是一个进行了14年的
07:39
over a 14-year-年 period
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有关四种健康习惯
07:41
based基于 on four healthy健康 habits习惯:
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与死亡风险的研究
07:44
eating enough足够 fruits水果 and vegetables蔬菜,
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吃足够的水果和蔬菜
07:46
exercise行使 three times a week,
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一个星期锻炼三次
07:48
not smoking抽烟,
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不吸烟
07:49
and drinking in moderation适度.
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饮酒节制
07:51
Let's start开始 by looking at the normal正常 weight重量
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我们来看看在研究当中
07:53
people in the study研究.
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体重正常的人
07:55
The height高度 of the bars酒吧 is the risk风险 of death死亡,
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柱状图的高表示死亡风险
07:57
and those zero, one, two, three, four numbers数字
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水平坐标上的
07:59
on the horizontal axis
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数字0、1、2、3、4
08:00
are the number of those healthy健康 habits习惯
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表示一个特定的人
08:02
that a given特定 person had.
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拥有健康习惯的个数
08:04
And as you'd expect期望, the healthier健康 the lifestyle生活方式,
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你们的预期是,生活习惯越健康
08:07
the less likely容易 people were to die during the study研究.
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研究中人们死亡的可能性越小
08:10
Now let's look at what happens发生
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现在我们看看在超重者身上
08:11
in overweight超重 people.
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会发生什么
08:13
The ones那些 that had no healthy健康 habits习惯
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那些没有任何一个健康习惯的人
08:15
had a higher更高 risk风险 of death死亡.
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有更高的死亡风险
08:17
Adding添加 just one healthy健康 habit习惯
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仅仅增加一个健康的习惯
08:19
pulls overweight超重 people back into the normal正常 range范围.
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就会让超重的人回到正常范围
08:22
For obese肥胖 people with no healthy健康 habits习惯,
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对于那些没有健康习惯的肥胖者
08:25
the risk风险 is very high, seven times higher更高
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这种风险极高,比那些在研究中
08:28
than the healthiest健康 groups in the study研究.
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最健康的一群人高七倍
08:30
But a healthy健康 lifestyle生活方式 helps帮助 obese肥胖 people too.
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但是健康的生活方式也能帮助肥胖的人
08:34
In fact事实, if you look only at the group
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事实上,如果你只看
08:36
with all four healthy健康 habits习惯,
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有四种健康习惯的组
08:38
you can see that weight重量 makes品牌 very little difference区别.
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你会发现体重无关紧要
08:41
You can take control控制 of your health健康
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你可以通过控制生活方式
08:43
by taking服用 control控制 of your lifestyle生活方式,
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来控制自己的健康
08:45
even If you can't lose失去 weight重量
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即使你不能减掉体重
08:46
and keep it off.
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并且保持住
08:48
Diets饮食 don't have very much reliability可靠性.
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节食并不是非常值得信赖的
08:52
Five years年份 after a diet饮食,
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节食五年之后
08:54
most people have regained失而复得 the weight重量.
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大多数人体重会反弹
08:57
Forty四十 percent百分 of them have gained获得 even more.
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其中百分之四十的人甚至比原来还要重
08:59
If you think about this,
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如果你想到这些
09:01
the typical典型 outcome结果 of dieting节食
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节食的一般结果
09:03
is that you're more likely容易 to gain获得 weight重量
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是在长期过程中更有可能增重
09:05
in the long run than to lose失去 it.
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而不是减重
09:08
If I've convinced相信 you that dieting节食
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如果我已经让你相信
09:11
might威力 be a problem问题,
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节食会带来一些麻烦
09:13
the next下一个 question is, what do you do about it?
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下一个问题便是,你会做些什么?
09:15
And my answer回答, in a word, is mindfulness正念.
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我的答案是,简单说,就是留心
09:20
I'm not saying you need to learn学习 to meditate幽思
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我并不是说你需要学着调整
09:22
or take up yoga瑜伽.
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或开始练习瑜伽
09:24
I'm talking about mindful铭记 eating:
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我指的是在吃上面多加注意
09:27
learning学习 to understand理解 your body's身体的 signals信号
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学会了解身体发出的信号
09:30
so that you eat when you're hungry饥饿
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这样可以让你在饿的时候吃
09:33
and stop when you're full充分,
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在饱的时候停下来
09:35
because a lot of weight重量 gain获得 boils down
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因为大量的增重归结为
09:37
to eating when you're not hungry饥饿.
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在并不饿的时候吃东西
09:40
How do you do it?
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你该怎么做?
09:42
Give yourself你自己 permission允许 to eat
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允许自己尽可能的吃
09:44
as much as you want, and then work on figuring盘算 out
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然后找出
09:46
what makes品牌 your body身体 feel good.
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吃多少才能让你感觉舒服
09:48
Sit down to regular定期 meals without distractions分心.
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你需要一心一意坐下来吃一日三餐
09:51
Think about how your body身体 feels感觉
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当你开始吃和吃完之后
09:53
when you start开始 to eat and when you stop,
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想想你的身体感觉如何
09:55
and let your hunger饥饿 decide决定
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让你的饥饿感决定
09:58
when you should be doneDONE.
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你应该什么时候停止
09:59
It took about a year for me to learn学习 this,
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我花了差不多一年才学到这些
10:01
but it's really been worth价值 it.
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但是我做这些确实很值得
10:03
I am so much more relaxed轻松 around food餐饮
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在食物面前,比起之前
10:06
than I have ever been in my life.
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我变得更加释然
10:09
I often经常 don't think about it.
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我经常不去想它
10:12
I forget忘记 we have chocolate巧克力 in the house.
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我会忘记家里有巧克力
10:15
It's like aliens外星人 have taken采取 over my brain.
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这就像外星人控制了我的大脑一样
10:17
It's just completely全然 different不同.
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生活变得完全不同了
10:20
I should say that
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我需要说的是
10:23
this approach途径 to eating probably大概
won't惯于 make you lose失去 weight重量
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这个方法可能不会让你减重
10:26
unless除非 you often经常 eat when you're not hungry饥饿,
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如果你不是经常在你不饿的时候吃东西
10:29
but doctors医生 don't know of any approach途径
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但是医生们并不知道可以让很多人
10:32
that makes品牌 significant重大 weight重量 loss失利 in a lot of people,
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都能显著减重的方法
10:37
and that is why a lot of people are now focusing调焦 on
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这就是为什么现在很多人专注于
10:40
preventing防止 weight重量 gain获得
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防止体重增加
10:42
instead代替 of promoting促进 weight重量 loss失利.
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而不是让体重减轻
10:46
Let's face面对 it:
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我们需要面对现实
10:47
If diets饮食 worked工作, we'd星期三 all be thin already已经.
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如果节食有效的话,所有人现在都已经瘦下来了
10:51
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:53
Why do we keep doing the same相同 thing
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为什么我们一直做同样的事情
10:55
and expecting期待 different不同 results结果?
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并且期待不同的结果?
10:58
Diets饮食 may可能 seem似乎 harmless无害,
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节食似乎是无害的
11:00
but they actually其实 do a lot of collateral抵押 damage损伤.
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但是它确实会带来很多附带的危害
11:03
At worst最差, they ruin废墟 lives生活:
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在最坏的情况下,它会危及生命
11:06
Weight重量 obsession困扰 leads引线 to eating disorders障碍,
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体重的困扰会导致饮食混乱
11:08
especially特别 in young年轻 kids孩子.
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特别是在小孩子当中出现
11:11
In the U.S., we have 80 percent百分 of 10-year-old-岁 girls女孩
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在美国,80%的10岁女孩
11:16
say they've他们已经 been on a diet饮食.
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说她们在节食
11:18
Our daughters女儿 have learned学到了 to measure测量 their worth价值
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我们的女儿们学会的是用错误的标尺
11:20
by the wrong错误 scale规模.
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来衡量她们的价值
11:23
Even at its best最好,
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即使结果很好
11:25
dieting节食 is a waste浪费 of time and energy能源.
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节食还是既浪费时间又浪费精力
11:28
It takes willpower意志 which哪一个 you could be using运用
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它消耗一种意志,而你可以将其用在
11:32
to help your kids孩子 with their homework家庭作业
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帮助你的孩子完成作业
11:35
or to finish that important重要 work project项目,
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或者完成一项重要的计划
11:38
and because willpower意志 is limited有限,
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因为意志十分有限
11:42
any strategy战略 that relies依赖 on its consistent一贯 application应用
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任何依赖坚持不懈的行动计划
11:46
is pretty漂亮 much guaranteed保证
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当你把注意力分散到其他方面的时候
11:49
to eventually终于 fail失败 you
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当你把注意力分散到其他方面的时候
11:51
when your attention注意 moves移动 on to something else其他.
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最终一定会以失败告终
11:55
Let me leave离开 you with one last thought.
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我来让大家做一下最后的思考
11:59
What if we told all those dieting节食 girls女孩
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假如我们告诉所有那些节食的女孩子们
12:02
that it's okay to eat when they're hungry饥饿?
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当她们觉得饿时吃东西是可以的将会怎么样?
12:05
What if we taught them to work with their appetite食欲
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假如我们教她们控制她们的食欲
12:07
instead代替 of fearing担心 it?
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而不是惧怕它?
12:09
I think most of them would be happier幸福 and healthier健康,
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我想她们大多数会变得更加快乐健康
12:13
and as adults成年人,
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当她们成年之后
12:15
many许多 of them would probably大概 be thinner更薄.
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她们中很多人可能会变瘦
12:18
I wish希望 someone有人 had told me that
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我真希望在我13岁那年
12:21
back when I was 13.
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有人告诉我这些
12:24
Thanks谢谢.
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谢谢
12:26
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Frank Li
Reviewed by Jun CHEN

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sandra Aamodt - Neuroscientist and science writer
Sandra Aamodt explores the neuroscience of everyday life, examining new research and its impact on our understanding of ourselves.

Why you should listen

Sandra Aamodt is a neuroscientist and science writer, who takes the complexities of neuroscience research and whips them into fun reads that give people a better understanding of their minds and behavior. Her books Welcome to Your Brain and Welcome to Your Child's Brain (both written with Sam Wang) are designed to bring neuroscience to a general audience, and they've both been widely translated. Aamodt's science writing has also appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, El Mundo and the Times of London.

From 2003 to 2008, Aamodt was the editor-in-chief of Nature Neuroscience, a leading scientific journal in the field of brain research. She brings a significant scientific background to the task of explaining new research without creating neurobunk. During her career, she has read over five thousand neuroscience papers, and written many editorials on science policy.

More profile about the speaker
Sandra Aamodt | Speaker | TED.com