TED2014
Hugh Herr: The new bionics that let us run, climb and dance
休·赫尔: 现代仿生学让我们重新奔跑，攀爬以及跳舞
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被大自然本身的神奇设计所鼓舞，休·赫尔正在研制新一代的仿生臂和机器假臂。在30年前的一次登山事故中赫尔失去了双腿；现在，他是麻省理工学院医学实验室生物医学部的负责人，在这个与他个人密切相关又充满技术的演讲中他展示了他不可思意的科技成果 — 阿德里安娜 阿斯莱特-戴维斯在2013年的波士顿马拉松赛爆炸中失去了左腿，现在她登上了TED舞台进行了她的第一次舞蹈表演。
Hugh Herr - Bionics designer
At MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed. Full bioAdrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again. Full bio
At MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed. Full bioAdrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Looking deeply inside nature
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探究自然本质
00:15
through the magnifying glass of science,
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借助科学的放大镜，
00:18
designers extract principles,
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设计师来提取本质，
00:21
processes and materials
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过程和材料
00:22
that are forming the very
basis of design methodology,
basis of design methodology,
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这三者构成设计方法学的基础，
00:26
from synthetic constructs that resemble
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由合成类似于
00:29
biological materials
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生物材料的人工制造
00:32
to computational methods that
emulate neural processes,
emulate neural processes,
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到利用计算方法仿真人体神经传导过程
00:35
nature is driving design.
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自然本质正在驾驭设计。
00:39
Design is also driving nature.
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设计本身也在驾驭自然。
00:42
In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine
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在基因，再生医学
00:44
and synthetic biology,
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及合成生物学中，
00:45
designers are growing novel technologies
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设计者正在发展创新技术
00:48
not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
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这些是没有被自然界所预见或预期的。
00:52
Bionics explores the interplay
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而仿生学是研究
00:57
between biology and design.
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生物学和设计领域的相互作用。
00:59
As you can see, my legs are bionic.
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就如你们现在所看到的，我的腿就是仿生的。
01:02
Today I will tell human stories
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今天我要讲关于仿生整合的
01:05
of bionic integration,
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真实的使用者的故事
01:08
how electromechanics attached to the body
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这些电器机械是如何联接到身体上
01:11
and implanted inside the body
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以及它们是如何植入人体
01:13
are beginning to bridge the gap
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同时正在缩小
01:16
between disability and ability,
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残疾人和健全人之间的距离，
01:18
between human limitation
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以及人类的局限性
01:21
and human potential.
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和人类潜力之间的距离。
01:24
Bionics has defined my physicality.
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仿生学已经定义出了我的肉体。
01:27
In 1982, both of my legs were amputated
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1982年我的双腿截肢
01:30
due to tissue damage from frostbite
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那是由于在一次登山事故引发的
01:32
incurred during a mountain climbing accident.
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冻伤组织损伤而造成的。
01:35
At that time, I didn't view my body
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那时，我没有察觉我的身体是
01:38
as broken.
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残缺的。
01:40
I reasoned that a human being
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我的反应是作为一个真正的人类
01:42
can never be broken.
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是永远不可残缺的。
01:45
Technology is broken.
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相反而是技术的残缺。
01:48
Technology is inadequate.
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是技术的不发达。
01:51
This simple but powerful idea
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这个简单但强有力的想法
01:54
was a call to arms
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是对行动的召唤，
01:55
to advance technology
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去提升科技，
01:58
for the elimination of my own disability
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去消除我自身的残疾
02:00
and ultimately the disability of others.
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以及其他人的身体残疾。
02:04
I began by developing specialized limbs
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通过我自己设计的一些特殊肢臂
02:07
that allowed me to return
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我得以重返
02:09
to the vertical world of rock and ice climbing.
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岩冰攀登那个竖着的世界。
02:11
I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body
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我很快意识到，我身体的人造部分
02:14
is malleable,
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是可塑造的，
02:16
able to take on any form, any function,
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可以是任何形状，附有任何功能，
02:20
a blank slate through which to create
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如一张白纸一般可以被塑造成
02:23
perhaps structures that could extend beyond
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一些可能超越
02:26
biological capability.
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生物功能的结构。
02:28
I made my height adjustable.
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我还能让我的身高可调节。
02:30
I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
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我可以变得只有5英尺矮或像我想要的那样高。
02:33
(Laughter)
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（笑）
02:35
So when I was feeling badly about myself,
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所以当我感觉特别不好、
02:38
insecure, I would jack my height up,
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没有安全感的时候，我就加长我的身高，
02:42
but when I was feeling confident and suave,
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而当我感觉自信娴雅的时候，
02:44
I would knock my height down a notch
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我就把我的身高降低到峡谷
02:46
just to give the competition a chance.
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以便给竞争对手一个机会。
02:49
(Laughter) (Applause)
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（笑）（掌声）
02:52
Narrow, wedged feet allowed me to climb
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狭长、 楔形的脚可以使我在
02:55
steep rock fissures
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陡峭的岩石裂缝中攀爬
02:56
where the human foot cannot penetrate,
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这些地方是一般人不能到达的
02:59
and spiked feet enabled me to climb
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而这个尖状的脚可使我攀爬
03:01
vertical ice walls
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垂直的冰壁
03:03
without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.
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而不会有腿部肌肉疲劳。
03:07
Through technological innovation,
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通过技术的革新，
03:09
I returned to my sport stronger and better.
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我重新回到了更强更棒的运动中。
03:12
Technology had eliminated my disability
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技术消除了的我残疾
03:14
and allowed me a new climbing prowess.
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并赋予了我新的攀爬能力。
03:17
As a young man, I imagined a future world
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对于未来世界，我是这样描绘的
03:19
where technology so advanced
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那里有非常先进的技术
03:20
could rid the world of disability,
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可以使人们摆脱身体残疾，
03:22
a world in which neural implants would allow
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那里有神经植入使
03:24
the visually impaired to see,
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视障人士重见光明，
03:26
a world in which the paralyzed could walk
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那里瘫痪者借助
03:29
via body exoskeletons.
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体外骨骼行走。
03:32
Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,
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遗憾的是，由于技术的缺陷，
03:35
disability is rampant in the world.
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残疾还是猖獗于世界。
03:36
This gentleman is missing three limbs.
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这位先生缺少三个肢臂。
03:39
As a testimony to current technology,
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作为现代科技的例证
03:42
he is out of the wheelchair,
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他已经摆脱了轮椅的束缚，
03:43
but we need to do a better job in bionics
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但是我们还需要进一步完善仿生学
03:47
to allow one day full rehabilitation
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以在某一天让这些伤残程度的人
03:49
for a person with this level of injury.
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能正在的康复。
03:53
At the MIT Media Lab, we've established
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在MIT媒体实验室，我们已经建立了
03:55
the Center for Extreme Bionics.
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高端仿生学中心。
03:57
The mission of the center
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这个中心的任务
03:59
is to put forth fundamental science
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是将基础科学
04:01
and technological capability that will allow
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和技术功能整合
04:04
the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans
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它们可使生化机电和人体修复功能
04:07
across a broad range
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在有缺陷的人体内发生
04:09
of brain and body disabilities.
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涵盖大脑到身体的各位部位
04:13
Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function,
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今天，我将给大家介绍我的腿的性能，
04:15
how they work,
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以及他们是如何工作的，
04:17
as a case in point for this center.
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作为这个中心的一个案例。
04:20
Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,
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现在，我很确定我昨晚修了腿毛，
04:22
because I knew I'd be showing them off.
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因为我知道今天我要展示给大家看。
04:26
Bionics entails the engineering
of extreme interfaces.
of extreme interfaces.
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仿生学承担的是高端接口工程。
04:29
There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:
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在我的仿生腿上这儿有三个极端接口：
04:32
mechanical, how my limbs are attached
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机械的，我的腿是如何连接
04:34
to my biological body;
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到我的生物肉体上的；
04:36
dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;
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动态的，它们如何像肉和骨骼的运动；
04:39
and electrical, how they communicate
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以及电子的，它们间是如取得
04:41
with my nervous system.
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与我神经系统间的联系。
04:42
I'll begin with mechanical interface.
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我将先从机械接口开始讲起。
04:45
In the area of design, we still do not understand
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在设计领域中，我们仍然不知道
04:48
how to attach devices to the body mechanically.
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如何将装置器件机械的连接到人体上。
04:52
It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,
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特别是对于我来说在当今这个时代，
04:56
one of the most mature, oldest technologies
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最为成熟和老成的技术
04:58
in the human timeline, the shoe,
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在人类历程中，鞋子，
05:00
still gives us blisters.
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仍能给我们磨出水泡。
05:03
How can this be?
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怎么会这样？
05:04
We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.
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我们没办法将器件连接到我们的身体上。
05:08
This is the beautifully lyrical design work
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这个美丽并附有诗意的设计作品
05:10
of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,
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是出自MIT实验室的内里奥克斯曼的作品，
05:13
showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,
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展示的是人体外骨骼抗阻空间，
05:16
shown here by color variation
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通过色差展现
05:18
in this 3D-printed model.
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在这个3D打印的模型中。
05:21
Imagine a future where clothing
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想像一个未来在哪里衣服
05:23
is stiff and soft where you need it,
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是笔挺或柔软可根据什么地方需用，
05:26
when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,
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什么时候你需要来达到最佳支撑和灵活柔软性，
05:29
without ever causing discomfort.
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而不会引起任何的不适。
05:31
My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body
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我的仿生腿连接到我的生物肉体上
05:35
via synthetic skins
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是通过人造皮肤
05:37
with stiffness variations
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加上刚度变化来完成的
05:39
that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.
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这是反射到基础组织生物力学。
05:43
To achieve that mirroring,
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为了达到这个反应，
05:45
we first developed a mathematical model
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我们首先建立了一个数学模型
05:47
of my biological limb.
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来针对于我的生物体的腿。
05:49
To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI
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在那之后，我们应用了比如像核磁共振的成像工具
05:52
to look inside my body
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来观察我的身体
05:53
to figure out the geometries and locations
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以判定出几何图形和
05:55
of various tissues.
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各种组织的位置。
05:57
We also took robotic tools.
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我们也应用了机械人工具。
05:59
Here's a 14-actuator circle
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这是一个14制动循环装置
06:01
that goes around the biological limb.
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围绕着我的生物肢体。
06:04
The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,
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驱动装置贴近来查找这个肢体表面，
06:07
measure its unloaded shape,
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测量它无加载时的形状，
06:09
and then they push on the tissues
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然后向前推进到表面组织
06:11
to measure tissue compliances
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来测量组织符合
06:13
at each anatomical point.
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于每一个解剖点。
06:15
We combine these imaging and robotic data
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我们结合这些图像和机器数据
06:17
to build a mathematical description
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来建立数据描述来
06:19
of my biological limb, shown on the left.
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针对于我的生物肢休，左图所示。
06:21
You see a bunch of points, or nodes.
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你们看到一群的点点，或结点。
06:23
At each node, there's a color that
represents tissue compliance.
represents tissue compliance.
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在每一个结点，有一个颜色代表组织合规。
06:26
We then do a mathematical transformation
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我们然后做了一个数学转换
06:28
to the design of the synthetic skin
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到人造皮肤设计
06:30
shown on the right,
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如右图所示，
06:31
and we've discovered optimality is
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我们所发现的最佳性是
06:33
where the body is stiff, the
synthetic skin should be soft,
synthetic skin should be soft,
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当身体是拘谨僵硬时人造皮肤应是软柔的，
06:37
where the body is soft,
the synthetic skin is stiff,
the synthetic skin is stiff,
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当身体软柔时，人造皮肤是紧硬的，
06:40
and this mirroring occurs
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这种反应的出现
06:41
across all tissue compliances.
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在所有的组织依从合规中。
06:44
With this framework,
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用这个构架，
06:46
we produced bionic limbs
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我们研制了仿生肢体
06:47
that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.
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这也是我佩用过的最舒适的假肢了。
06:50
Clearly in the future,
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很清楚在未来，
06:52
our clothing, our shoes, our braces,
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我们的衣服，我们的鞋子，我们的支具，
06:55
our prostheses, will no longer be designed
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人体修复假体，设计
06:58
and manufactured using artisan strategies,
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以及生产时不再使用工匠式的方法，
07:00
but rather data-driven quantitative frameworks.
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而是应用以数据驱动的定量框架结构。
07:03
In that future, our shoes
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在那个未来，我的鞋子
07:05
will no longer give us blisters.
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不会再对我们磨出水泡。
07:08
We're also embedding sensing and smart materials
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我们也植入传感智能材料
07:11
into the synthetic skins.
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到人造皮肤中。
07:13
This is a material
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这块材料
07:14
developed by SRI International, California.
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是由加利福尼亚斯坦福国际研究所所研发。
07:17
Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.
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在电流的作用下可改变其硬度。
07:21
So under zero voltage, the material is compliant.
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在电压为零时，这块材料是顺应柔软的。
07:24
It's floppy like paper.
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它软遢的就像张纸。
07:26
Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,
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然后按下按钮，加载电压，
07:28
and it becomes stiff as a board.
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它就变得笔挺的像块薄板。
07:33
We embed this material into the synthetic skin
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我们将这种材料植入人造皮肤
07:36
that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.
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这种人造皮肤连接起我的仿生腿和我的生身体。
07:39
When I walk here,
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当我在这儿走时，
07:40
it's no voltage.
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没有电压加载。
07:42
My interface is soft and compliant.
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我的交触面是顺应柔软的。
07:44
The button's pushed, voltage is applied,
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然后按下按钮，电压加载，
07:45
and it stiffens,
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就变得硬挺，
07:47
offering me a greater maneuverability
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同时给了较大的可操控性
07:48
of the bionic limb.
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到我的仿生腿上。
07:50
We're also building exoskeletons.
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我们同时也在建造体外骨骼。
07:52
This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft
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这种体外骨骼可变得硬挺或柔软
07:55
in just the right areas of the running cycle
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恰在运转周期的适应区域
07:57
to protect the biological joints
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对生物体关节起到保护
07:59
from high impacts and degradation.
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尤其是在高冲击强度和降缓的情况下的防护。
08:02
In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons
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以后，，我们会佩戴这种体外骨骼
08:05
in common activities such as running.
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来参加如像跑步这种的活动。
08:08
Next, dynamic interface.
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接下来，是动态触面。
08:10
How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?
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我的这个仿生腿是如何像真正的肌肉和骨骼的运动呢？
08:13
At my MIT lab, we study how humans
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在我的MIT实验室，我们研究
08:16
with normal physiologies stand, walk and run.
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正常人类生理的站、走以及跑。
08:18
What are the muscles doing,
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肌肉如何运动，
08:20
and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?
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以及脊髓是如何控制它们的？
08:23
This basic science motivates what we build.
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这个基础科学刺激了我们的研发。
08:25
We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.
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我们正在研发踝关节，膝盖以及髋关节。
08:28
We're building body parts from the ground up.
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我们正彻底研发人体的各个部位。
08:31
The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.
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我所佩戴的仿生腿是生物仿生腿。
08:35
They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,
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它们已被1000个患者所适用，
08:38
400 of which have been U.S. wounded soldiers.
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其中400个病人是美国的受伤军人。
08:41
How does it work? At heel
strike, under computer control,
strike, under computer control,
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它们是怎样运行的呢？在电脑的控制下，足跟抬起，
08:44
the system controls stiffness
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系统控制着硬度
08:46
to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.
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以减弱这个仿生腿碰击地面。
08:50
Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs
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到中间时，仿生腿输出
08:52
high torques and powers to lift the person
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高扭力以提升人体
08:55
into the walking stride,
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来向前走，
08:56
comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.
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参照小腿肌肉运动。
09:00
This bionic propulsion is very important
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这种仿生推进力是对于
09:03
clinically to patients.
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临床患者非常重要。
09:04
So, on the left you see the bionic device
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因此，左图中你看到这个仿生装置
09:06
worn by a lady --
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由这一位女士所佩戴--
09:07
on the right a passive device worn by the same lady
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右图中这位女士所佩戴的是被动装置
09:10
that fails to emulate normal muscle function --
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此装置是不能模拟正常的肌肉功能--
09:13
enabling her to do something
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限制了她做一些动作
09:15
everyone should be able to do,
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这种每个人应该有能力去完成的，
09:17
go up and down their steps at home.
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在家里上下楼梯的动作。
09:19
Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.
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仿生学还可以成就特别的运动技艺表演。
09:22
Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.
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这位师哥正一条岩石道路上奔跑。
09:27
This is Steve Martin, not the comedian,
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这是史蒂夫·马丁，不是喜剧演员，
09:30
who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
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他在阿富汗的炸弹爆炸中失去了他的双腿。
09:34
We're also building exoskeletal structures
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我们也正在研制外部骨骼结构
09:37
using these same principles
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应用的是同样的原理
09:38
that wrap around a biological limb.
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它环绕于生物肢体周围。
09:41
This gentleman does not have
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这位先生没有
09:44
any leg condition, any disability.
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任何腿的问题，任何残疾。
09:47
He has a normal physiology,
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他有一个正常的生理机能，
09:49
so these exoskeletons are applying
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所以这个外部骨骼是在获取
09:51
muscle-like torques and powers
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肌肉样的扭矩和扭力
09:54
so that his own muscles need not apply
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以使他自己的肌肉不需获取
09:56
those torques and powers.
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这些扭矩和扭力。
09:58
This is the first exoskeleton in history
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这是有史以来的第一个外部骨骼
10:01
that actually augments human walking.
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这实际上也增大了人类的脚步。
10:04
It significantly reduces metabolic cost.
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它明显是降低了代谢值。
10:07
It's so profound in its augmentation
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这确实很深奥
10:09
that when a normal, healthy person
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当一个正常，健康的人
10:11
wears the device for 40 minutes
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佩戴40分钟这种装置
10:13
and then takes it off,
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之后再把它摘下，
10:15
their own biological legs
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对于他们自己的腿
10:16
feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.
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感到出奇的重和笨拙。
10:19
We're beginning the age in which
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我们处于这样的时期
10:21
machines attached to our bodies
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当机械连接到我们自己的身体上
10:23
will make us stronger and faster
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会使我们更强壮更快捷
10:25
and more efficient.
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以及更加的有效力。
10:27
Moving on to electrical interface,
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现在说到电子触面，
10:29
how do my bionic limbs communicate
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我的这个仿生腿是如何与
10:30
with my nervous system?
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我的神经系统相联系的呢？
10:32
Across my residual limb are electrodes
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我的假肢的剩余部分是电极的
10:34
that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.
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它可测量到我肌肉的电脉冲。
10:37
That's communicated to the bionic limb,
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这也是与生物肢体交流，
10:39
so when I think about moving my phantom limb,
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因此当我想要移动我的仿生腿时
10:41
the robot tracks those movement desires.
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这个机器装置便追踪这些移动的欲望。
10:45
This diagram shows fundamentally
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这张图基本上展现出
10:47
how the bionic limb is controlled,
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这个仿生腿是如何被控制的，
10:50
so we model the missing biological limb,
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因此我们模拟了缺失的生物学腿，
10:52
and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,
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我们也发现了出现了什么样的反应，
10:55
how the reflexes of the spinal cord
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脊椎的反应是如何的
10:57
are controlling the muscles,
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控制肌肉，
10:59
and that capability is embedded
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而这种性能已经被植入
11:01
in the chips of the bionic limb.
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仿生腿的芯片中。
11:04
What we've done, then, is we modulate
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我们所做的，那么，就是我们调节
11:06
the sensitivity of the reflex,
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反应的敏感性，
11:08
the modeled spinal reflex,
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模仿的脊髓反应，
11:10
with the neural signal,
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同时是带有应用的神经信号，
11:12
so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,
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因此当在仿生腿上放松我的肌肉时，
11:15
I get very little torque and power,
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我得到了一点点扭力，
11:18
but the more I fire my muscles,
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但是我越是收紧我的肌肉，
11:19
the more torque I get,
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我获得的扭力就越多，
11:21
and I can even run.
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我甚至可以跑了。
11:23
And that was the first demonstration
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这是作为第一个例证
11:25
of a running gait under neural command.
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就是在神经指令下的跑步步态。
11:28
Feels great.
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感觉太棒了。
11:30
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
11:35
We want to go a step further.
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我们还想更进一步。
11:37
We want to actually close the loop
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我们实际上想达到一个真正的闭环
11:40
between the human and the bionic external limb.
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是在人和外置仿生臂间的闭环。
11:44
We're doing experiments where we're growing
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我们正在做关于培养
11:45
nerves, transected nerves,
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神经，断掉的神经，
11:47
through channels, or micro-channel rays.
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这是通过网引或微通道射线来完成。
11:50
On the other side of the channel,
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在网管的另一端，
11:51
the nerve then attaches to cells,
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神经联接到细胞，
11:54
skin cells and muscle cells.
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皮肤细胞和肌肉细胞。
11:56
In the motor channels we can sense
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在驱动管网我们可以检测到
11:59
how the person wishes to move.
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人想怎样动。
12:01
That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,
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这个可以由无线传送到仿生臂上，
12:04
then sensors on the bionic limb
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然后在仿生臂上的传感器
12:06
can be converted to stimulations
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就可以转换为刺激
12:09
in adjacent channels, sensory channels.
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到相邻近的管网神经，传感管网神经。
12:11
So, when this is fully developed
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因此，当这完全被研发出来
12:13
and for human use,
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为人们所用时，
12:15
persons like myself will not only have
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像我一样的人们将不只拥有
12:18
synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,
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如真正肌肉和骨骼运动的人造假肢，
12:21
but actually feel like flesh and bone.
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还将实际感觉起来如同真正人的肉和骨头。
12:25
This video shows Lisa Mallette
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这个视频中的是丽莎.玛丽特
12:28
shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.
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在刚佩戴两个仿生腿后不久，
12:31
Indeed, bionics is making
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实际上，仿生学正在创造
12:33
a profound difference in people's lives.
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深刻的改变人们的生活。
12:35
(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
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（视频）丽莎.玛丽特：噢 天哪。
12:39
Oh my God, I can't believe it.
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噢 天哪，太难以至信了。
12:44
It's just like I've got a real leg.
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这简直就像我获得了一条真正的腿一样。
12:48
Now, don't start running.
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现在，先别跑。
12:50
Man: Now turn around,
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男士：现在转过身，
12:51
and do the same thing walking up.
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再同样往前走。
12:53
Walk up, get on your heel to toe,
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走，用脚跟到脚趾，
12:55
like you would normally just walk on level ground.
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就像你正常的在一个平地上走。
12:56
Try to walk right up the hill.
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试着步行上山。
13:01
LM: Oh my God.
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LM：噢 天哪。
13:03
Man: Is it pushing you up?
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男士：它在抬高你吗？
13:05
LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
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LM：是呀！我甚至不---我甚至无法形容它。
13:10
Man: It's pushing you right up.
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男士：它在抬高你。
13:12
Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the center's —
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休·赫尔：下周，我将到中心去 —
13:15
(Applause) Thank you, thank you.
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（掌声）谢谢你们，谢谢你们。
13:19
Thank you. Next week I'm visiting
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谢谢你们。下周我将参观
13:21
the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
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医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心
13:24
and I'm going to try to convince CMS
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我要尝试说服CMS
13:27
to grant appropriate code language and pricing
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允许给予适当的代码语言和售价
13:29
so this technology can be made available
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1952
以使这种技术能够被
13:31
to the patients that need it.
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有需要的患者所接受。
13:34
Thank you. (Applause)
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谢谢你们。（掌声）
13:39
It's not well appreciated, but over half
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不是很多但一半以上的
13:41
of the world's population
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世界人口
13:43
suffers from some form of cognitive,
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承受着来自认知，
13:45
emotional, sensory or motor condition,
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情感，感觉或运动的方面的痛苦
13:48
and because of poor technology,
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只因为贫差的技术，
13:49
too often, conditions result in disability
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这些情况很多时候会导致残疾
13:52
and a poorer quality of life.
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以及生活质量的低下。
13:54
Basic levels of physiological function
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生理功能的基本水平
13:57
should be a part of our human rights.
326
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应该是人权的一部分。
13:59
Every person should have the right
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1970
每一个人都应当有这个权力
14:01
to live life without disability
328
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去摆脱残疾来生活
14:03
if they so choose --
329
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如果他们选择--
14:05
the right to live life without severe depression;
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2803
没有种种沮丧的生活的权力下；
14:08
the right to see a loved one
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去看自己亲爱的人的权力
14:09
in the case of seeing impaired;
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尤其是当眼见受损的情况下；
14:12
or the right to walk or to dance,
333
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1913
或是走路或跳舞的权力，
14:14
in the case of limb paralysis
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尤是在当脂臂无力
14:15
or limb amputation.
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1747
或截肢的情况下。
14:17
As a society, we can achieve these human rights
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我们可以给到这些残疾的朋友
14:21
if we accept the proposition
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一个行动的能力
14:23
that humans are not disabled.
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假如我们相信人并不会因为肢体的残缺而变得残废
14:27
A person can never be broken.
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人是不可能变得支离破碎的
14:30
Our built environment, our technologies,
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3007
真正支离破碎和残缺的，
14:33
are broken and disabled.
341
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是我们人类做的建筑，我们的技术。
14:35
We the people need not accept our limitations,
342
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3024
我们人类不必受我们自己的限制，
14:38
but can transcend disability
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2231
相反，我们可以通过技术创新，
14:40
through technological innovation.
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去超越身体的残缺。
14:42
Indeed, through fundamental advances
345
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实际上，我们可以预期到
14:44
in bionics in this century,
346
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1870
本世纪在仿生学领域会有一些根本性的突破。
14:45
we will set the technological foundation
347
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2523
我们将应用技术性能
14:48
for an enhanced human experience,
348
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1972
来服务于人们的经验中，
14:50
and we will end disability.
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我们将结束残疾。
14:53
I'd like to finish up with one more story,
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我想用另外一个故事来作为结束，
14:55
a beautiful story,
351
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1764
一个非常美丽的故事，
14:57
the story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
352
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2686
阿德里安娜.阿斯莱特-戴维斯的故事。
14:59
Adrianne lost her left leg
353
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1991
阿德里安娜.阿斯莱特-戴维斯失去了她的左腿
15:01
in the Boston terrorist attack.
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那是发生在波士顿的恐怖袭击中。
15:04
I met Adrianne when this photo was taken
355
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照片中的阿德里安娜是我
15:06
at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
356
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2350
在斯波尔丁康复医院时见到的。
15:08
Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
357
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阿德里安娜是个舞者，一位职业社交舞者。
15:11
Adrianne breathes and lives dance.
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阿德里安娜她与舞蹈同呼气共命运。
15:13
It is her expression. It is her art form.
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这是她的艺术，她个人的表达方式。
15:16
Naturally, when she lost her limb
360
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虽然她在那次波士顿的恐怖袭击中，
15:18
in the Boston terrorist attack,
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1727
失去她的左腿，
15:20
she wanted to return to the dance floor.
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2981
但是她还是希望能够尽早重返舞台。
15:23
After meeting her and driving home in my car,
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在见完她我开车回家后，
15:25
I thought, I'm an MIT professor.
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我就想，我是一个麻省理工学院的教授。
15:28
I have resources. Let's build her a bionic limb
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我有资源。那就让我们为她研制一条仿生腿
15:31
to enable her to go back to her life of dance.
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以让她能够重返她的舞蹈生涯。
15:34
I brought in MIT scientists with expertise
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我将各个领域的专家引入到MIT中
15:37
in prosthetics, robotics, machine learning
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有在假肢方面，电子机器，机械研究
15:39
and biomechanics,
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以及在生物医学领域的专家，
15:41
and over a 200-day research period,
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通过超过为期200天的研究，
15:43
we studied dance.
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我们学会了怎样跳舞。
15:45
We brought in dancers with biological limbs,
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我们为舞者加装了仿生臂，
15:49
and we studied how do they move,
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我们研究了他们的动作，
15:51
what forces do they apply on the dance floor,
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这也正是他们在舞台起舞所要应用的运动，
15:55
and we took those data
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我们取用这些运动动作数据
15:56
and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,
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进一步将它们融入到舞蹈运动基本原理中，
16:00
reflexive dance capability,
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以反馈出跳舞的能力，
16:02
and we embedded that intelligence
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然后我们将这种智能植入到
16:03
into the bionic limb.
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仿生臂中。
16:05
Bionics is not only about making people
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仿生学不仅是让人们
16:07
stronger and faster.
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更坚强更敏捷。
16:09
Our expression, our humanity
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我们的身体语言和动作
16:11
can be embedded into electromechanics.
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也应该能够被植入应用到电子机械学中。
16:14
It was 3.5 seconds
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那只是个3.5秒钟
16:18
between the bomb blasts
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在波士顿恐怖袭击的
16:19
in the Boston terrorist attack.
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那次爆炸中。
16:21
In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards
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那只是个3.5秒钟，那懦弱的罪犯
16:24
took Adrianne off the dance floor.
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将阿德里安娜拽下了舞台。
16:27
In 200 days, we put her back.
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但在200天后，我们又把她拉了上来。
16:30
We will not be intimidated, brought down,
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我们不会被吓倒，不会被拽下来，
16:32
diminished, conquered or stopped
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不会被消弱，征服或是阻止
16:35
by acts of violence.
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尤其是被这种的暴力行为。
16:37
(Applause)
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（掌声）
16:44
Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce
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女士们先生们，请允许我请上
16:47
Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
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阿德里安娜.阿斯莱特-戴维斯，
16:49
her first performance since the attack.
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上演在那次袭击后的第一次表演。
16:52
She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
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她将与克理斯丁莱特纳两共同起舞。
16:54
(Applause)
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（掌声）
17:05
(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
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（音乐：恩里克·伊格莱西亚斯的敲响我的铃铛）
17:51
(Applause)
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（撑声）
18:22
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士们先生们，
18:23
members of the research team,
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有请我们的研究组成员们，
18:24
Elliott Rouse and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
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埃利奥特.劳斯和内森.维莱格瑞-卡斯奇。
18:29
Elliott and Nathan.
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埃利奥特和内森。
18:32
(Applause)
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（撑声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Hugh Herr - Bionics designerAt MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed.
Why you should listen
Hugh Herr co-directs the Center for Extreme Bionics at the MIT Media Lab, where he is pioneering a new class of biohybrid smart prostheses and orthoses to improve the quality of life for thousands of people with physical challenges. A powered ankle-foot prosthesis called the Empower by Ottobock, for instance, emulates the action of a biological leg to create a natural gait, allowing persons with amputation to walk with normal levels of speed and metabolism as if their legs were biological.
Herr also advances powerful body exoskeletons that augment human physicality beyond innate physiological levels, enabling humans to walk and run faster with less metabolic energy. He is the co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Dephy Inc., which creates products that augment physiological function through electromechanical enhancement.
Hugh Herr | Speaker | TED.com
Adrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again.
Why you should listen
To ballroom dancer Adrianne Haslet-Davis, dancing was everything. So when she lost her left foot in the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, she vowed — from her hospital bed — that she would dance again. Two hundred days later, standing on the TED2014 stage, she did just that. With the help of MIT prostheticist Hugh Herr, Haslet-Davis performed in Vancouver for the first time since the bombing.
Adrianne Haslet-Davis | Speaker | TED.com