TED2014
Hugh Herr: The new bionics that let us run, climb and dance
修·赫: 創新仿生學，讓我們重新奔跑、攀爬、起舞
Filmed:
Readability: 5.5
13,277,876 views
受到大自然自身設計的啟發，修·赫正在建立新一代仿生肢與機器義肢。赫在三十年前的一次攀岩中，失去了雙腿；現在，他是 MIT 媒體實驗室生物機械組的領導者。他在這個涉及技術和個人生命歷程的演講中——借助標準舞者雅芝·哈斯戴維的幫助——展示了這一令人難以置信的科技。雅芝·哈斯戴維在 2013 年波士頓馬拉松炸彈襲擊中失去左腿，並在 TED 的舞台上，首次在事故後表演。
Hugh Herr - Bionics designer
At MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed. Full bioAdrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again. Full bio
At MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed. Full bioAdrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Looking deeply inside nature
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探察自然本質
00:15
through the magnifying glass of science,
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透過科學之放大鏡，
00:18
designers extract principles,
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設計者對自然的本質、過程及材料
00:21
processes and materials
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進行提取，
00:22
that are forming the very
basis of design methodology,
basis of design methodology,
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這三者形成設計方法論之基石。
00:26
from synthetic constructs that resemble
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從使用合成技術
00:29
biological materials
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來模仿生物材料，
00:32
to computational methods that
emulate neural processes,
emulate neural processes,
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到利用計算機方式來模仿神經傳導，
00:35
nature is driving design.
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自然都是在駕馭設計。
00:39
Design is also driving nature.
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而設計本身亦在驅使自然。
00:42
In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine
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在基因學、再生醫學、
00:44
and synthetic biology,
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及合成生物學領域中，
00:45
designers are growing novel technologies
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設計者不斷發展
00:48
not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
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自然從未預測到或預料到的創新技術。
00:52
Bionics explores the interplay
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仿生學研究的，
00:57
between biology and design.
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是生物學與設計之間的互動。
00:59
As you can see, my legs are bionic.
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大家可見，我的雙腿為仿生所造。
01:02
Today I will tell human stories
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今日我要講的是，
01:05
of bionic integration,
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仿生學與人類相融合的故事，
01:08
how electromechanics attached to the body
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電機機械系與人體相結合的方式、
01:11
and implanted inside the body
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植入人體內的方式，
01:13
are beginning to bridge the gap
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正正開始
01:16
between disability and ability,
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縮小殘疾人與健全人之間的距離、
01:18
between human limitation
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縮小人類局限性
01:21
and human potential.
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與人類潛能之間的距離。
01:24
Bionics has defined my physicality.
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仿生學給我的身體帶來新的定義。
01:27
In 1982, both of my legs were amputated
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一九八二年，我雙腿截肢，
01:30
due to tissue damage from frostbite
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因為在一次登山事故中
01:32
incurred during a mountain climbing accident.
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我的雙腿組織被凍傷。
01:35
At that time, I didn't view my body
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那時候，我並無將自己的身體
01:38
as broken.
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視為殘疾。
01:40
I reasoned that a human being
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我的邏輯是，一個人
01:42
can never be broken.
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永遠不會殘疾。
01:45
Technology is broken.
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科技才是殘疾的。
01:48
Technology is inadequate.
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科技是有缺陷的。
01:51
This simple but powerful idea
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這個簡單但強大的念頭
01:54
was a call to arms
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是對行動的召喚，
01:55
to advance technology
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召喚改善科技，
01:58
for the elimination of my own disability
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消除我自身的缺陷，
02:00
and ultimately the disability of others.
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最終亦都解決他人之缺陷。
02:04
I began by developing specialized limbs
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我開始設計特殊肢臂，
02:07
that allowed me to return
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這樣的設計允許我
02:09
to the vertical world of rock and ice climbing.
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重返岩石冰川的攀登世界。
02:11
I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body
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我很快意識到，我身體中的人造部分
02:14
is malleable,
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具有可塑性，
02:16
able to take on any form, any function,
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可以以各種形狀功能出現，
02:20
a blank slate through which to create
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如同一塊白板，
02:23
perhaps structures that could extend beyond
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可被延伸塑造成
02:26
biological capability.
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超越生物性能的結構。
02:28
I made my height adjustable.
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我可以調節我的身高。
02:30
I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
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我可以變成五寸釘，亦可以變成六尺高。
02:33
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:35
So when I was feeling badly about myself,
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所以當我為自己難過時、
02:38
insecure, I would jack my height up,
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缺乏安全感時，我就會增加身高；
02:42
but when I was feeling confident and suave,
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到我覺得自信嫻雅的時候，
02:44
I would knock my height down a notch
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我就會調低一節高度，
02:46
just to give the competition a chance.
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就當系一個競賽。
02:49
(Laughter) (Applause)
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（笑聲）（掌聲）
02:52
Narrow, wedged feet allowed me to climb
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狹窄楔形的雙腳
02:55
steep rock fissures
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令我攀登陡峭岩石裂紋時游刃有餘，
02:56
where the human foot cannot penetrate,
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但是一般的人腳則不能做到，
02:59
and spiked feet enabled me to climb
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帶尖刺的脚
03:01
vertical ice walls
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允許我攀登垂直冰牆時，
03:03
without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.
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不會出現雙腿肌肉疲勞。
03:07
Through technological innovation,
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通過技術創新，
03:09
I returned to my sport stronger and better.
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我以更強勁的姿態重返運動。
03:12
Technology had eliminated my disability
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技術抹去我身體的缺陷，
03:14
and allowed me a new climbing prowess.
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賦予我嶄新的攀登潛能。
03:17
As a young man, I imagined a future world
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作為年少之人，我想像在未來的世界裡，
03:19
where technology so advanced
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科技會相當先進，
03:20
could rid the world of disability,
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足以擺脫殘疾的世界，
03:22
a world in which neural implants would allow
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在那個世界，神經植入
03:24
the visually impaired to see,
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可以幫助視障人士重見光明，
03:26
a world in which the paralyzed could walk
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身體癱瘓的人
03:29
via body exoskeletons.
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可以借助身體外骨骼重新步行。
03:32
Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,
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可惜，因為科技是有缺陷的，
03:35
disability is rampant in the world.
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殘疾還是遍布全球。
03:36
This gentleman is missing three limbs.
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這位先生缺少三條肢臂。
03:39
As a testimony to current technology,
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這是給現代科技的證明，
03:42
he is out of the wheelchair,
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這位先生已經擺脫了輪椅，
03:43
but we need to do a better job in bionics
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但我們需要進一步完善仿生學，
03:47
to allow one day full rehabilitation
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允許將來有一天
03:49
for a person with this level of injury.
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受到如此創傷的人亦可以完全恢復。
03:53
At the MIT Media Lab, we've established
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我們在 MIT 媒體實驗室建立了
03:55
the Center for Extreme Bionics.
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高端仿生學中心。
03:57
The mission of the center
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該中心的使命，
03:59
is to put forth fundamental science
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是發展基礎科學
04:01
and technological capability that will allow
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以及科技能力，
04:04
the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans
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使得人類可以利用
生物機械仿生學和再生學
生物機械仿生學和再生學
04:07
across a broad range
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在大範圍內修復
04:09
of brain and body disabilities.
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大腦和身體的殘疾問題。
04:13
Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function,
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今日我要跟大家講解
我雙腿的功能、
我雙腿的功能、
04:15
how they work,
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我雙腿的運作方式，
04:17
as a case in point for this center.
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以此作為該中心的說明案例。
04:20
Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,
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現在我確定我昨晚剃了腳毛，
04:22
because I knew I'd be showing them off.
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因為我知道今日我要
把雙腿展示給大家。
把雙腿展示給大家。
04:26
Bionics entails the engineering
of extreme interfaces.
of extreme interfaces.
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仿生學需要高端層面工程。
04:29
There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:
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我的仿生肢上有三個高端層面；
04:32
mechanical, how my limbs are attached
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機械層面上，
04:34
to my biological body;
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我的雙腿是如何與我的肉體結合；
04:36
dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;
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動態層面，兩者如何像
同肉與骨那樣靈活運動；
同肉與骨那樣靈活運動；
04:39
and electrical, how they communicate
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電子層面上，兩者又是如何
04:41
with my nervous system.
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與我的神經系統溝通。
04:42
I'll begin with mechanical interface.
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我會先從機械層面開始講。
04:45
In the area of design, we still do not understand
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在設計領域，我們尚不清楚
04:48
how to attach devices to the body mechanically.
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如何將設備機械安裝在人體上。
04:52
It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,
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對於我來說，不可置信的是，今時今日，
04:56
one of the most mature, oldest technologies
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人類歷史中最為長久成熟的技術
04:58
in the human timeline, the shoe,
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——鞋子——
05:00
still gives us blisters.
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依然會令我們雙腳生水泡。
05:03
How can this be?
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為什麼會這樣？
05:04
We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.
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我們不知道怎樣
在我們的身體上安裝東西。
在我們的身體上安裝東西。
05:08
This is the beautifully lyrical design work
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這裡是一件漂亮得意的設計作品，
05:10
of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,
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是 MIT 媒體實驗室的
內日·奧斯曼的作品。
內日·奧斯曼的作品。
05:13
showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,
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展示的是人体外骨骼抗阻空间，
05:16
shown here by color variation
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是利用立體打印模型
05:18
in this 3D-printed model.
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通過色差顯示出來的。
05:21
Imagine a future where clothing
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想像一下，在未來
05:23
is stiff and soft where you need it,
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衣服的柔軟硬挺由你而定，
05:26
when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,
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任何時候都可以
提供最佳的支持和靈活性，
提供最佳的支持和靈活性，
05:29
without ever causing discomfort.
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絲毫不會引起不適。
05:31
My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body
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我的仿生肢安裝在我的體內，
05:35
via synthetic skins
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用的是人造皮膚，
05:37
with stiffness variations
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這種人造皮膚有不同柔軟度，
05:39
that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.
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來適用我體內的組織生物機械。
要取得這樣的適用能力，
05:43
To achieve that mirroring,
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05:45
we first developed a mathematical model
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我們首先為我的生物肢臂
05:47
of my biological limb.
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建立了一個數學模型。
05:49
To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI
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到了最後，我們使用成像工具，譬如 MRI，
05:52
to look inside my body
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觀察我的體內，
05:53
to figure out the geometries and locations
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找出不同組織的
05:55
of various tissues.
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幾何形狀和位置。
05:57
We also took robotic tools.
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我們亦使用了機器人工具。
05:59
Here's a 14-actuator circle
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這是14—執行器循環裝置，
06:01
that goes around the biological limb.
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用來測量我的生物肢體。
06:04
The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,
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這些執行器進去找出肢體的表面，
06:07
measure its unloaded shape,
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測量缺失部分的形狀，
06:09
and then they push on the tissues
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然後按壓組織，
06:11
to measure tissue compliances
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從解剖學的角度，
06:13
at each anatomical point.
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測量組織的順從性。
06:15
We combine these imaging and robotic data
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我們結合這些成像和機器人數據，
06:17
to build a mathematical description
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給我的生物肢體
建立一個數學描述，
建立一個數學描述，
06:19
of my biological limb, shown on the left.
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也就是左邊的這些。
06:21
You see a bunch of points, or nodes.
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大家可以看見一些點或節點。
06:23
At each node, there's a color that
represents tissue compliance.
represents tissue compliance.
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每一個節點都有
不同顏色標識組織的順從性。
不同顏色標識組織的順從性。
06:26
We then do a mathematical transformation
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然後我們做一個數學轉換，
06:28
to the design of the synthetic skin
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轉換為人造皮膚的設計，
06:30
shown on the right,
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如右圖
06:31
and we've discovered optimality is
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我們討論發現，最佳狀態是，
06:33
where the body is stiff, the
synthetic skin should be soft,
synthetic skin should be soft,
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人體剛硬的時候，人造皮膚應該要柔軟，
06:37
where the body is soft,
the synthetic skin is stiff,
the synthetic skin is stiff,
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人體柔軟的時候，人體皮膚應該要剛硬。
06:40
and this mirroring occurs
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這種適應能力
06:41
across all tissue compliances.
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應該體現在所有組織的服從性。
06:44
With this framework,
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有了這個框架，
06:46
we produced bionic limbs
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我們製造出仿生肢體，
06:47
that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.
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這是我有生以來
穿過的最舒服的義肢。
穿過的最舒服的義肢。
06:50
Clearly in the future,
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很明顯，在將來，
06:52
our clothing, our shoes, our braces,
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我們的衣服、鞋子、背帶、
06:55
our prostheses, will no longer be designed
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還有我們的義肢要設計製造時，
06:58
and manufactured using artisan strategies,
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用的不再是手工藝方式，
07:00
but rather data-driven quantitative frameworks.
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而是資料提取的數據框架。
07:03
In that future, our shoes
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在未來，我們的鞋子
07:05
will no longer give us blisters.
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不會再要我們長水泡。
07:08
We're also embedding sensing and smart materials
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現在我們也在人造皮膚裡
07:11
into the synthetic skins.
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植入感應和智能材料。
07:13
This is a material
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這種材料
07:14
developed by SRI International, California.
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是由 SRI 國際（加州）研發。
07:17
Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.
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這種材料利用靜電作用，改變柔軟度。
07:21
So under zero voltage, the material is compliant.
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所以材料無需電壓也具有服從性。
07:24
It's floppy like paper.
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這種材料像紙張那樣輕軟。
07:26
Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,
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按鈕按下去，啟動一伏特，
07:28
and it becomes stiff as a board.
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這種材料就會變得像板那樣硬。
07:33
We embed this material into the synthetic skin
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我們把這種材料植入到人造皮膚，
07:36
that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.
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用來連接我的仿生肢和肉體。
07:39
When I walk here,
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在我走路的時候，
07:40
it's no voltage.
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沒有電壓。
07:42
My interface is soft and compliant.
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我的觸面是柔軟服從的。
07:44
The button's pushed, voltage is applied,
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按鈕按下去，用到一伏特，
07:45
and it stiffens,
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就會變硬，
07:47
offering me a greater maneuverability
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令我更自如地
07:48
of the bionic limb.
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操作我的仿生肢。
07:50
We're also building exoskeletons.
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我們亦都研發外骨骼。
07:52
This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft
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外骨骼可以變硬變軟，
07:55
in just the right areas of the running cycle
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隨著運動的節奏
07:57
to protect the biological joints
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在正確的地方保護生物關節，
07:59
from high impacts and degradation.
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使其不受高衝擊和退化的影響。
08:02
In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons
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在未來，我們在平常的活動中，
08:05
in common activities such as running.
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譬如跑步時，都會使用外骨骼。
08:08
Next, dynamic interface.
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下一個，動態層面。
08:10
How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?
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我的仿生肢是如何
像肉與骨那樣靈活活動？
像肉與骨那樣靈活活動？
08:13
At my MIT lab, we study how humans
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我們在我的 MIT 實驗室研究
08:16
with normal physiologies stand, walk and run.
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人類是如何使用一般的
生理機能站立、走動和奔跑。
生理機能站立、走動和奔跑。
08:18
What are the muscles doing,
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肌肉如何作用，
08:20
and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?
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肌肉又是如何受脊髓控制。
08:23
This basic science motivates what we build.
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這類基礎科學促進我們的發展。
08:25
We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.
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我們在發展仿生腳踝、膝蓋、臀。
08:28
We're building body parts from the ground up.
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我們在從頭開始
建立身體的各個部分。
建立身體的各個部分。
08:31
The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.
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我現在所穿的義肢，叫 BiOMs。
08:35
They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,
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這種義肢已經使用在
將近一千個病人身上。
將近一千個病人身上。
08:38
400 of which have been U.S. wounded soldiers.
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其中四百人是美國傷兵。
08:41
How does it work? At heel
strike, under computer control,
strike, under computer control,
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這是怎樣使用？當腳跟著地時，
08:44
the system controls stiffness
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系統會通過電腦的控制控制柔軟度，
08:46
to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.
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以降低肢體著地的衝擊。
08:50
Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs
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然後在走姿之間時，仿生肢會發出
08:52
high torques and powers to lift the person
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高扭矩和高能量來把人提高，
08:55
into the walking stride,
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完成步伐，
08:56
comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.
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這與肌肉在小腿位置的移動相似。
09:00
This bionic propulsion is very important
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這個仿生推進力
對臨床病人來說相當重要。
09:03
clinically to patients.
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09:04
So, on the left you see the bionic device
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在左邊，大家看見仿生設備，
09:06
worn by a lady --
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穿的人是一位女士——
09:07
on the right a passive device worn by the same lady
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在右邊，同一位女士在使用不同的設備，
09:10
that fails to emulate normal muscle function --
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這個設備不能模仿正常的肌肉功能——
09:13
enabling her to do something
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她穿上之後，
09:15
everyone should be able to do,
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可以做常人能夠做到的事，
09:17
go up and down their steps at home.
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在家裡面走上走落。
09:19
Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.
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仿生肢同樣可以進行
出眾的體育運動競賽。
出眾的體育運動競賽。
09:22
Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.
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這是一位先生在石路上往上跑。
09:27
This is Steve Martin, not the comedian,
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這是斯提夫•馬丁，他不是喜劇演員，
09:30
who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
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而是一位在阿富汗的
炸彈爆炸中失去雙腿的先生。
炸彈爆炸中失去雙腿的先生。
09:34
We're also building exoskeletal structures
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我們也在利用同樣的原理，
09:37
using these same principles
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發展可以包圍生物肢體的
09:38
that wrap around a biological limb.
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外骨骼結構，
09:41
This gentleman does not have
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這位先生
09:44
any leg condition, any disability.
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並沒有腿傷或殘疾。
09:47
He has a normal physiology,
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他的身體很正常，
09:49
so these exoskeletons are applying
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因此，這些外骨骼
09:51
muscle-like torques and powers
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正在利用與肌肉相仿的扭矩和力量，
09:54
so that his own muscles need not apply
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這樣他自己的肌肉
09:56
those torques and powers.
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就不需要用到那些扭矩和力量。
09:58
This is the first exoskeleton in history
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這是外骨骼首次在歷史上
10:01
that actually augments human walking.
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協助人類步行。
10:04
It significantly reduces metabolic cost.
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這樣能夠大量地降低代謝值。
10:07
It's so profound in its augmentation
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外骨骼的使用效果相當顯著，
10:09
that when a normal, healthy person
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一個正常健康的人
10:11
wears the device for 40 minutes
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穿著這個設備四十分鐘，
10:13
and then takes it off,
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然後脫下，
10:15
their own biological legs
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他們自己的生物腿
10:16
feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.
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就會覺得無比沉重和彆扭。
10:19
We're beginning the age in which
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現在我們正在開啟的時代，
10:21
machines attached to our bodies
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是一個把機器安裝在我們身上、
10:23
will make us stronger and faster
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使我們更強、更快、
10:25
and more efficient.
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更有效的時代。
10:27
Moving on to electrical interface,
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1686
繼續說電子層面，
10:29
how do my bionic limbs communicate
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我的仿生肢
10:30
with my nervous system?
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如何與我的神經系統溝通？
10:32
Across my residual limb are electrodes
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我的殘肢上佈滿了電極，
10:34
that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.
247
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這些電極是用來測量肌肉電脈衝。
10:37
That's communicated to the bionic limb,
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這是用來與仿生肢溝通的，
10:39
so when I think about moving my phantom limb,
249
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當我想到移動我的義肢時，
10:41
the robot tracks those movement desires.
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機器人會追踪這些動作慾望。
10:45
This diagram shows fundamentally
251
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圖表基本顯示
10:47
how the bionic limb is controlled,
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仿生肢是如何受到控制，
10:50
so we model the missing biological limb,
253
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我們因此做缺失的
生物肢的模型，
生物肢的模型，
10:52
and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,
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2764
而我們也發現在發生反射時，
10:55
how the reflexes of the spinal cord
255
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骨髓的反射
10:57
are controlling the muscles,
256
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1808
又是如何控制肌肉，
10:59
and that capability is embedded
257
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這個功能
11:01
in the chips of the bionic limb.
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3006
植入在仿生肢的芯片中。
11:04
What we've done, then, is we modulate
259
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1969
然後我們要做的，
11:06
the sensitivity of the reflex,
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2086
是調節反射的敏感度、
11:08
the modeled spinal reflex,
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1712
模擬的骨髓反應
11:10
with the neural signal,
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1511
以及神經信號，
11:12
so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,
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這樣當我在殘肢中
作出肌肉反射時，
作出肌肉反射時，
11:15
I get very little torque and power,
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我不會怎樣感到扭矩和力量，
11:18
but the more I fire my muscles,
265
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1552
但是我越刺激我的肌肉，
11:19
the more torque I get,
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我受到的扭矩就越多，
11:21
and I can even run.
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我甚至可以跑步。
11:23
And that was the first demonstration
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這是首次展示
11:25
of a running gait under neural command.
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神經系統指控下的跑步步伐。
11:28
Feels great.
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感覺相當不錯
11:30
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
11:35
We want to go a step further.
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2003
我們想要更進一步，
11:37
We want to actually close the loop
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我們想要消除
人類和仿生外肢之間的距離。
11:40
between the human and the bionic external limb.
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3723
11:44
We're doing experiments where we're growing
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1723
我們正在做一些實驗，
11:45
nerves, transected nerves,
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通過使用信道射線
或微型信道射線，
或微型信道射線，
11:47
through channels, or micro-channel rays.
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2122
培養神經，橫切神經。
11:50
On the other side of the channel,
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1816
在信道的另一邊
11:51
the nerve then attaches to cells,
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2353
神經與細胞連接，
11:54
skin cells and muscle cells.
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與皮膚細胞和肌肉細胞連接。
11:56
In the motor channels we can sense
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在肌肉信道上我們可以感覺到
11:59
how the person wishes to move.
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人想要如何移動。
12:01
That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,
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而這可以無線傳輸到仿生肢上，
12:04
then sensors on the bionic limb
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然後仿生肢的傳感器
12:06
can be converted to stimulations
285
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2646
可以被轉化，
12:09
in adjacent channels, sensory channels.
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2550
刺激相鄰的信道、感應信道。
12:11
So, when this is fully developed
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當這個技術發展完善、
12:13
and for human use,
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可供人類使用的時候，
12:15
persons like myself will not only have
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像我這樣的人
就不僅可以擁有靈活的人造肢體，
12:18
synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,
290
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3184
12:21
but actually feel like flesh and bone.
291
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而且可以真正
感覺到肉骨間的活動。
感覺到肉骨間的活動。
12:25
This video shows Lisa Mallette
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這個影片中，麗薩•馬利
12:28
shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.
293
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剛剛安裝了兩個仿生肢。
12:31
Indeed, bionics is making
294
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1972
的確，仿生肢給人們的生活
12:33
a profound difference in people's lives.
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帶來了深遠的影響。
12:35
(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
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4061
（影片）麗薩•馬利：我的老天爺
12:39
Oh my God, I can't believe it.
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我的老天爺，真不可置信。
12:44
It's just like I've got a real leg.
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4193
這真像是得了一雙真的腿。
12:48
Now, don't start running.
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現在先不要跑。
12:50
Man: Now turn around,
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1512
男人：現在轉身，
12:51
and do the same thing walking up.
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1668
然後正常地走幾步。
12:53
Walk up, get on your heel to toe,
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走，站起來，
12:55
like you would normally just walk on level ground.
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1540
好像正常情況那樣走路。
12:56
Try to walk right up the hill.
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2703
試試走上那個小坡。
13:01
LM: Oh my God.
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2616
馬利：我的老天爺。
13:03
Man: Is it pushing you up?
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1389
男人：這是不是在推著你走？
13:05
LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
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5197
馬利：是啊！我甚至都沒有…我無法形容。
13:10
Man: It's pushing you right up.
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2324
男人：這在推著你走。
13:12
Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the center's —
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2571
修•赫：下週我要去中心的——
13:15
(Applause) Thank you, thank you.
310
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4305
（掌聲）謝謝，謝謝。
13:19
Thank you. Next week I'm visiting
311
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2357
謝謝。下週我會去
13:21
the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
312
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2812
醫療服務中心，
13:24
and I'm going to try to convince CMS
313
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2657
我要說服他們，
13:27
to grant appropriate code language and pricing
314
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2589
讓他們授權合適的
代碼語言和價格，
代碼語言和價格，
13:29
so this technology can be made available
315
797900
1952
讓這種技術
13:31
to the patients that need it.
316
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2633
對有需要的病人開放。
13:34
Thank you. (Applause)
317
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5222
謝謝。（掌聲）
13:39
It's not well appreciated, but over half
318
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1897
可能有些人還不知道，
13:41
of the world's population
319
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1979
但是世界上有一半人口
13:43
suffers from some form of cognitive,
320
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2091
都在忍受著某種程度的
13:45
emotional, sensory or motor condition,
321
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2585
認知、情感、感知或肌肉運動疾病
13:48
and because of poor technology,
322
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1662
同時正因為技術的落後，
13:49
too often, conditions result in disability
323
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2592
在多數情況下，這些疾病使人殘疾，
13:52
and a poorer quality of life.
324
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2298
使人生更加受罪。
13:54
Basic levels of physiological function
325
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2393
基本的生理機能
13:57
should be a part of our human rights.
326
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2642
應該是我們人權的一部分。
13:59
Every person should have the right
327
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1970
每個人，都應該有權利
14:01
to live life without disability
328
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1888
由自己選擇
14:03
if they so choose --
329
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2015
沒有殘疾地生活——
14:05
the right to live life without severe depression;
330
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2803
選擇不在極度沮喪中
度過餘生的權利；
度過餘生的權利；
14:08
the right to see a loved one
331
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1373
在遭受視障的時候，
14:09
in the case of seeing impaired;
332
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2234
有看見愛人的權利；
14:12
or the right to walk or to dance,
333
840129
1913
在肢體癱瘓
14:14
in the case of limb paralysis
334
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1488
或截肢的時候，
14:15
or limb amputation.
335
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1747
有步行跳舞的權利。
14:17
As a society, we can achieve these human rights
336
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3807
我們是一個社會，
我們可以獲得這些人權，
我們可以獲得這些人權，
14:21
if we accept the proposition
337
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2328
只要我們能夠相信
14:23
that humans are not disabled.
338
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3977
人類不是殘疾的。
14:27
A person can never be broken.
339
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2803
人，永遠不會殘疾。
14:30
Our built environment, our technologies,
340
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3007
我們已有的環境、科技
14:33
are broken and disabled.
341
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1899
才是殘疾的。
14:35
We the people need not accept our limitations,
342
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3024
我們人類無需接受自身的局限性，
14:38
but can transcend disability
343
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2231
我們可以通過科技創新，
14:40
through technological innovation.
344
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1868
超越殘疾。
14:42
Indeed, through fundamental advances
345
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1867
的確，通過在本世紀
14:44
in bionics in this century,
346
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1870
在仿生技術上的基本進步，
14:45
we will set the technological foundation
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我們會設立技術的基礎，
14:48
for an enhanced human experience,
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改善人類的生活，
14:50
and we will end disability.
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我們會結束殘疾。
14:53
I'd like to finish up with one more story,
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我希望用一則故事結束我的演講，
14:55
a beautiful story,
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一則美麗的故事，
14:57
the story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
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雅芝•哈斯戴維的故事。
14:59
Adrianne lost her left leg
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雅芝在波士頓恐怖襲擊中，
15:01
in the Boston terrorist attack.
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失去了她的雙腿。
15:04
I met Adrianne when this photo was taken
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我跟雅芝的見面，
15:06
at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
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是在斯伯丁療養醫院
拍這張照片的時候。
拍這張照片的時候。
15:08
Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
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雅芝是一位舞者，標準舞舞者。
15:11
Adrianne breathes and lives dance.
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雅芝呼吸生活的都是舞蹈。
15:13
It is her expression. It is her art form.
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舞蹈是她的表達方式，她的藝術形式。
15:16
Naturally, when she lost her limb
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她在波士頓恐怖襲擊中
15:18
in the Boston terrorist attack,
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失去左腿之後，
15:20
she wanted to return to the dance floor.
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很自然，她想重返舞台。
15:23
After meeting her and driving home in my car,
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跟她見完面後，我開車回家，
15:25
I thought, I'm an MIT professor.
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在路上我想，我是一名 MIT 教授。
15:28
I have resources. Let's build her a bionic limb
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我擁有的是資源。
我想給他做一個仿生肢，
我想給他做一個仿生肢，
15:31
to enable her to go back to her life of dance.
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讓她可以回到她的舞蹈人生。
15:34
I brought in MIT scientists with expertise
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我引入了數名 MIT 科學家，
15:37
in prosthetics, robotics, machine learning
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他們的知識領域
覆蓋修復學、機器人學、
覆蓋修復學、機器人學、
15:39
and biomechanics,
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機器學習、生物力學，
15:41
and over a 200-day research period,
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在兩百天的研究過程中，
15:43
we studied dance.
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我們研究舞蹈。
15:45
We brought in dancers with biological limbs,
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我們引入擁有無殘疾的舞蹈員，
15:49
and we studied how do they move,
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研究他們的舞蹈動作、
15:51
what forces do they apply on the dance floor,
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以及他們在舞台上使用的力量，
15:55
and we took those data
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然後我們拿著這些資料，
15:56
and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,
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發展出舞蹈的基礎原理，
16:00
reflexive dance capability,
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反射性的舞蹈能力，
16:02
and we embedded that intelligence
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我們將這種智能
16:03
into the bionic limb.
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植入仿生肢裡。
16:05
Bionics is not only about making people
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仿生學不止是用來
16:07
stronger and faster.
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使人類變得更強更快。
16:09
Our expression, our humanity
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我們的想法、我們的人道精神
16:11
can be embedded into electromechanics.
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也可以植入到電機機械當中。
16:14
It was 3.5 seconds
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只不過是區區 3.5 秒，
16:18
between the bomb blasts
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波士頓恐怖襲擊中
16:19
in the Boston terrorist attack.
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兩次炸彈爆炸不過時隔 3.5 秒。
16:21
In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards
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在這 3.5 秒裡，罪犯和懦夫們
16:24
took Adrianne off the dance floor.
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就把雅芝趕下了舞台。
16:27
In 200 days, we put her back.
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但在兩百天內，我們又把她召回來了。
16:30
We will not be intimidated, brought down,
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我們不會因為任何形式的暴力
16:32
diminished, conquered or stopped
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而害怕、畏縮、
16:35
by acts of violence.
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減弱、投降，或者止步。
16:37
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
16:44
Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce
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女士們先生們，請允許我向大家介紹
16:47
Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
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雅芝•哈斯戴維，
16:49
her first performance since the attack.
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這是她在事故之後的首次表演。
16:52
She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
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她的舞伴是基思德安•拉德樂。
16:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
17:05
(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
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（音樂：《我的鐘聲響起》，
歌手：恩里克•伊格萊西亞斯）
歌手：恩里克•伊格萊西亞斯）
17:51
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
18:22
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士們先生們
18:23
members of the research team,
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有請研究組成員
18:24
Elliott Rouse and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
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愛里特•羅斯和納特•維卡，
18:29
Elliott and Nathan.
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愛里特和納特。
18:32
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Hugh Herr - Bionics designerAt MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed.
Why you should listen
Hugh Herr co-directs the Center for Extreme Bionics at the MIT Media Lab, where he is pioneering a new class of biohybrid smart prostheses and orthoses to improve the quality of life for thousands of people with physical challenges. A powered ankle-foot prosthesis called the Empower by Ottobock, for instance, emulates the action of a biological leg to create a natural gait, allowing persons with amputation to walk with normal levels of speed and metabolism as if their legs were biological.
Herr also advances powerful body exoskeletons that augment human physicality beyond innate physiological levels, enabling humans to walk and run faster with less metabolic energy. He is the co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Dephy Inc., which creates products that augment physiological function through electromechanical enhancement.
Hugh Herr | Speaker | TED.com
Adrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again.
Why you should listen
To ballroom dancer Adrianne Haslet-Davis, dancing was everything. So when she lost her left foot in the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, she vowed — from her hospital bed — that she would dance again. Two hundred days later, standing on the TED2014 stage, she did just that. With the help of MIT prostheticist Hugh Herr, Haslet-Davis performed in Vancouver for the first time since the bombing.
Adrianne Haslet-Davis | Speaker | TED.com