TED2014
Hugh Herr: The new bionics that let us run, climb and dance
Hugh Herr: Nova bionika koja nam dopušta da trčimo, penjemo se i plešemo
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Hugh Herr gradi sljedeću generaciju bioničkih udova, robotskih proteza inspiriranih samom prirodom. Herr je izgubio obje noge u nesreći prije 30 godina; sad, voditelj MIT-ove biomehatroničarske grupe medijskog laboratorija , pokazuje svoju nevjerojatnu tehnologiju u govoru koji je i tehnološke naravi ali i vrlo osoban -- uz pomoć plesačice Adrianne Haslet-Davis, koja je izgubila nogu 2013. u bombardiranju bostonskog maratona, pleše ponovo po prvi put na TED-ovoj pozornici.
Hugh Herr - Bionics designer
At MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed. Full bioAdrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again. Full bio
At MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed. Full bioAdrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Looking deeply inside nature
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Gledajući duboko u unutrašnjost prirode
00:15
through the magnifying glass of science,
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kroz povećalo znanosti
00:18
designers extract principles,
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dizajneri izvode načela,
00:21
processes and materials
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procese i materijale,
00:22
that are forming the very
basis of design methodology,
basis of design methodology,
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koji čine samu osnovu
dizajnerske metodologije,
dizajnerske metodologije,
00:26
from synthetic constructs that resemble
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od sintetskih materijala koji nalikuju
00:29
biological materials
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biološkim materijalima
00:32
to computational methods that
emulate neural processes,
emulate neural processes,
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do računalnih metoda koje
oponašaju živčane procese,
oponašaju živčane procese,
00:35
nature is driving design.
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priroda upravlja dizajnom.
00:39
Design is also driving nature.
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Dizajn također upravlja prirodom.
00:42
In realms of genetics, regenerative medicine
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U carstvu genetike, regenerativne medicine
00:44
and synthetic biology,
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i sintetske biologije,
00:45
designers are growing novel technologies
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dizajneri stvaraju nove tehnologije
00:48
not foreseen or anticipated by nature.
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koje nisu predviđene ili
očekivane od prirode.
očekivane od prirode.
00:52
Bionics explores the interplay
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Bionički udovi povezuju
00:57
between biology and design.
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biologiju i dizajn.
00:59
As you can see, my legs are bionic.
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Kao što možete vidjeti,
moje noge su bioničke.
moje noge su bioničke.
01:02
Today I will tell human stories
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Danas ću ispričati ljudske priče
01:05
of bionic integration,
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o bioničkoj ugradnji,
01:08
how electromechanics attached to the body
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kako elektromehanika
povezana s mojim tijelom
povezana s mojim tijelom
01:11
and implanted inside the body
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i usađena u moje tijelo
01:13
are beginning to bridge the gap
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počinje premošćivati prostor
01:16
between disability and ability,
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između invalidnosti i zdravlja,
01:18
between human limitation
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između ljudskih ograničenja
01:21
and human potential.
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i ljudskih potencijala.
01:24
Bionics has defined my physicality.
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Bionički su udovi definirali
moju tjelesnost.
moju tjelesnost.
01:27
In 1982, both of my legs were amputated
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1982., amputirane su mi obje noge
01:30
due to tissue damage from frostbite
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kao posljedica oštećenja tkiva
zbog smrzavanja
zbog smrzavanja
01:32
incurred during a mountain climbing accident.
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koje se dogodilo pri nezgodi
kod planinarenja.
kod planinarenja.
01:35
At that time, I didn't view my body
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U to vrijeme, nisam gledao na svoje tijelo
01:38
as broken.
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kao polomljeno.
01:40
I reasoned that a human being
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Smatrao sam da ljudsko biće
01:42
can never be broken.
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nikada ne može biti polomljeno.
01:45
Technology is broken.
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Tehnologija je polomljena.
01:48
Technology is inadequate.
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Tehnologija je neadekvatna.
01:51
This simple but powerful idea
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Jednostavna, ali snažna ideja
01:54
was a call to arms
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bila je snažan poziv
01:55
to advance technology
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za unaprijediti tehnologiju
01:58
for the elimination of my own disability
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kako bih uklonio vlastitu invalidnost
02:00
and ultimately the disability of others.
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i naposljetku i invalidnost drugih.
02:04
I began by developing specialized limbs
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Započeo sam sa stvaranjem
specijaliziranih udova
specijaliziranih udova
02:07
that allowed me to return
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koji su mi dopustili da se vratim
02:09
to the vertical world of rock and ice climbing.
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vertikalnom svijetu planina
i penjanja po ledu.
i penjanja po ledu.
02:11
I quickly realized that the artificial part of my body
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Ubrzo sam shvatio kako je
umjetni dio moga tijela
umjetni dio moga tijela
02:14
is malleable,
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prilagodljiv,
02:16
able to take on any form, any function,
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u mogućnosti zauzeti bilo
koji oblik ili funkciju,
koji oblik ili funkciju,
02:20
a blank slate through which to create
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prazna ploča kroz koju
možda možemo načiniti
možda možemo načiniti
02:23
perhaps structures that could extend beyond
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bilo koju strukturu koja bi
se mogla ispružiti iza
se mogla ispružiti iza
02:26
biological capability.
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bioloških mogućnosti.
02:28
I made my height adjustable.
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Učinio sam svoju visinu prilagodljivom.
02:30
I could be as short as five feet or as tall as I'd like.
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Mogao sam biti nizak, svega 152,4 cm
ili visok koliko sam poželio.
ili visok koliko sam poželio.
02:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:35
So when I was feeling badly about myself,
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Tako da kada sam se osjećao loše
vezano za sebe,
vezano za sebe,
02:38
insecure, I would jack my height up,
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nesigurno, povećao bih svoju visinu,
02:42
but when I was feeling confident and suave,
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ali kada bih se osjećao samopouzdano
i uglađeno,
i uglađeno,
02:44
I would knock my height down a notch
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mrvicu bih se smanjio,
02:46
just to give the competition a chance.
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kako bih konkurenciji dao barem šansu.
02:49
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
02:52
Narrow, wedged feet allowed me to climb
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Uska, klinasta stopala dopuštaju mi penjanje
02:55
steep rock fissures
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po strmim kamenim procjepima
02:56
where the human foot cannot penetrate,
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u koje ljudska noga ne može prodrijeti,
02:59
and spiked feet enabled me to climb
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a šiljasta stopala omogućuju mi penjanje
03:01
vertical ice walls
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po okomitim, ledenim zidovima
03:03
without ever experiencing muscle leg fatigue.
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bez da ikada osjetim umor mišića nogu.
03:07
Through technological innovation,
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Kroz tehnološku inovaciju,
03:09
I returned to my sport stronger and better.
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vratio sam se sportu snažniji i bolji.
03:12
Technology had eliminated my disability
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Tehnologija je uklonila moju invalidnost
03:14
and allowed me a new climbing prowess.
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i omogućila mi je nove penjačke vještine.
03:17
As a young man, I imagined a future world
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Kao mladić, zamišljao sam budući svijet
03:19
where technology so advanced
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u kojemu je toliki napredak tehnologije
03:20
could rid the world of disability,
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mogao osloboditi svijet invalidnosti,
03:22
a world in which neural implants would allow
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svijet u kojemu živčani
implantati omogućuju
implantati omogućuju
03:24
the visually impaired to see,
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slijepima vidjeti,
03:26
a world in which the paralyzed could walk
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svijet u kojem paralizirani mogu hodati
03:29
via body exoskeletons.
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uz pomoć egzoskeleta.
03:32
Sadly, because of deficiencies in technology,
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Nažalost, zbog nedostataka u tehnologiji,
03:35
disability is rampant in the world.
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invalidnost je posvuda u svijetu.
03:36
This gentleman is missing three limbs.
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Ovom gospodinu nedostaju tri uda.
03:39
As a testimony to current technology,
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Kao svjedočanstvo trenutnoj tehnologiji,
03:42
he is out of the wheelchair,
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on je izvan invalidskih kolica,
03:43
but we need to do a better job in bionics
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ali moramo učiniti bolji posao u bionici
03:47
to allow one day full rehabilitation
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kako bi jednoga dana omogućili
potpuni oporavak
potpuni oporavak
03:49
for a person with this level of injury.
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za osobe s ovom razinom ozljede.
03:53
At the MIT Media Lab, we've established
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U MIT Media Lab-u, osnovali smo
03:55
the Center for Extreme Bionics.
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Centar za ekstremne bioničke udove.
03:57
The mission of the center
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Cilj ovoga centra
03:59
is to put forth fundamental science
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je unaprijediti osnovnu znanost
04:01
and technological capability that will allow
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i tehničku sposobnost što će omogućiti
04:04
the biomechatronic and regenerative repair of humans
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biomehatronički i
regenerativni popravak ljudi
regenerativni popravak ljudi
04:07
across a broad range
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širokog spektra
04:09
of brain and body disabilities.
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moždanih i tjelesnih invalidnosti.
04:13
Today, I'm going to tell you how my legs function,
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Danas ću vam reći kako moje
noge funkcioniraju,
noge funkcioniraju,
04:15
how they work,
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kako rade,
04:17
as a case in point for this center.
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kao slučaj koji prikazuje
cilj ovoga centra.
cilj ovoga centra.
04:20
Now, I made sure to shave my legs last night,
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Sada, pobrinuo sam se
obrijati sinoć noge,
obrijati sinoć noge,
04:22
because I knew I'd be showing them off.
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jer sam znao da ću ih pokazivati.
04:26
Bionics entails the engineering
of extreme interfaces.
of extreme interfaces.
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Bionički udovi podrazumijevaju inženjering
ekstremnih sučelja.
ekstremnih sučelja.
04:29
There's three extreme interfaces in my bionic limbs:
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U mom bioničkom udu nalaze se tri sučelja:
04:32
mechanical, how my limbs are attached
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mehaničko, kako su moji udovi spojeni
04:34
to my biological body;
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na moje tijelo;
04:36
dynamic, how they move like flesh and bone;
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dinamičko, kako se kreću kao meso i kost;
04:39
and electrical, how they communicate
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i električno, kako komuniciraju
04:41
with my nervous system.
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s mojim živčanim sustavom.
04:42
I'll begin with mechanical interface.
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Započet ću s mehaničkim sučeljem.
04:45
In the area of design, we still do not understand
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U području dizajna, još uvijek ne razumijemo
04:48
how to attach devices to the body mechanically.
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kako mehanički spojiti
uređaje na naše tijelo.
uređaje na naše tijelo.
04:52
It's extraordinary to me that in this day and age,
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Za mene je nevjerojatno da nam
u današnje vrijeme,
u današnje vrijeme,
04:56
one of the most mature, oldest technologies
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jedna od najzrelijih, najstarijih tehnologija
04:58
in the human timeline, the shoe,
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u ljudskoj povijesti, cipela,
05:00
still gives us blisters.
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još uvijek stvara žuljeve.
05:03
How can this be?
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Kako je to moguće?
05:04
We have no idea how to attach things to our bodies.
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Nemamo pojma kako pričvrstiti
stvari na naše tijelo.
stvari na naše tijelo.
05:08
This is the beautifully lyrical design work
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Ovo je prekrasan pjesnički dizajn rad
05:10
of Professor Neri Oxman at the MIT Media Lab,
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profesora Neri Oxman-a u MIT Media Lab-u,
05:13
showing spatially varying exoskeletal impedances,
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koji pokazuje prostorno različite
egzoskeletne otpore,
egzoskeletne otpore,
05:16
shown here by color variation
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kako je prikazano ovdje različitim bojama
05:18
in this 3D-printed model.
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na ovom 3D isprintanom modelu.
05:21
Imagine a future where clothing
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Zamislite budućnost u kojoj je odjeća
05:23
is stiff and soft where you need it,
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kruta i mekana gdje je potrebna,
05:26
when you need it, for optimal support and flexibility,
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kada je potrebna, za optimalnu
potporu i savitljivost,
potporu i savitljivost,
05:29
without ever causing discomfort.
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a da nikada ne uzrokuje neudobnost.
05:31
My bionic limbs are attached to my biological body
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Moji bionički udovi povezani su s
mojim biološkim tijelom
mojim biološkim tijelom
05:35
via synthetic skins
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preko sintetske kože
05:37
with stiffness variations
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s varijacijama krutosti
05:39
that mirror my underlying tissue biomechanics.
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koje su zrcalna preslika
biomehanike moga tkiva.
biomehanike moga tkiva.
05:43
To achieve that mirroring,
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Kako bi postigli tu zrcalnost,
05:45
we first developed a mathematical model
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prvo smo razvili matematički model
05:47
of my biological limb.
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mog biološkog uda.
05:49
To that end, we used imaging tools such as MRI
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Nakon toga, upotrijebili smo uređaje
za snimanje, poput MR-a
za snimanje, poput MR-a
05:52
to look inside my body
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kako bi vidjeli unutrašnjost
moga tijela,
moga tijela,
05:53
to figure out the geometries and locations
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kako bi shvatili oblike i pozicije
05:55
of various tissues.
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različitih tkiva.
05:57
We also took robotic tools.
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Također smo koristili robotske uređaje.
05:59
Here's a 14-actuator circle
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Ovdje vidite 14- pokretački krug?
06:01
that goes around the biological limb.
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koji se nalazi oko mog biološkog uda.
06:04
The actuators come in, find the surface of the limb,
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Pokretači dolaze, pronalaze površinu mog uda,
06:07
measure its unloaded shape,
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izmjere njegov opušten oblik,
06:09
and then they push on the tissues
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zatim pritišću tkivo
06:11
to measure tissue compliances
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kako bi izmjerili tkivnu popustljivost
06:13
at each anatomical point.
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u svakoj anatomskoj točki.
06:15
We combine these imaging and robotic data
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Te slikovne i robotičke
podatke kombiniramo
podatke kombiniramo
06:17
to build a mathematical description
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kako bi stvorili matematički opis
06:19
of my biological limb, shown on the left.
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mog biološkog uda, koji se vidi lijevo.
06:21
You see a bunch of points, or nodes.
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Vidite hrpu točkica ili čvorića.
06:23
At each node, there's a color that
represents tissue compliance.
represents tissue compliance.
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Na svakom čvoriću nalazi se boja
koja predstavlja tkivnu popustljivost.
koja predstavlja tkivnu popustljivost.
06:26
We then do a mathematical transformation
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Tada učinimo matematičko pretvaranje
06:28
to the design of the synthetic skin
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u dizajn od sintetske kože
06:30
shown on the right,
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koji je prikazan desno,
06:31
and we've discovered optimality is
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shvatili smo da je optimalno
06:33
where the body is stiff, the
synthetic skin should be soft,
synthetic skin should be soft,
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gdje je tijelo čvrsto, koristiti
mekanu sintetsku kožu,
mekanu sintetsku kožu,
06:37
where the body is soft,
the synthetic skin is stiff,
the synthetic skin is stiff,
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a gdje je tijelo mekano,
koristiti krutu sintetsku kožu,
koristiti krutu sintetsku kožu,
06:40
and this mirroring occurs
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ova zrcalnost se pojavljuje
06:41
across all tissue compliances.
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u svim tkivnim popustljivostima.
06:44
With this framework,
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Po ovom obrazcu,
06:46
we produced bionic limbs
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proizveli smo bioničke udove
06:47
that are the most comfortable limbs I've ever worn.
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koji su najudobniji udovi koje sam ikada nosio.
06:50
Clearly in the future,
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Jasno u budućnosti,
06:52
our clothing, our shoes, our braces,
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naša odjeća, naša obuća,
06:55
our prostheses, will no longer be designed
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naše proteze, neće više biti dizajnirane
06:58
and manufactured using artisan strategies,
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i proizvođene obrtničkim strategijama,
07:00
but rather data-driven quantitative frameworks.
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već radije obrascima po unešenim podatcima.
07:03
In that future, our shoes
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U budućnosti, naše cipele
07:05
will no longer give us blisters.
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neće nam više davati žuljeve.
07:08
We're also embedding sensing and smart materials
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Također ugrađujemo osjetne
i pametne materijale
i pametne materijale
07:11
into the synthetic skins.
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u naše sintetske kože.
07:13
This is a material
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Ovaj materijal
07:14
developed by SRI International, California.
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proizveden je od strane
SRI International, Kalifornija.
SRI International, Kalifornija.
07:17
Under electrostatic effect, it changes stiffness.
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Pod utjecajem elektrostatskog naboja,
mijenja svoju čvrstoću.
mijenja svoju čvrstoću.
07:21
So under zero voltage, the material is compliant.
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Dakle, kada nema napona,
materijal je popustljiv.
materijal je popustljiv.
07:24
It's floppy like paper.
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Mlohav je poput papira.
07:26
Then the button's pushed, a voltage is applied,
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Kada pritisnemo gumb, apliciramo napon,
07:28
and it becomes stiff as a board.
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i on postaje čvrst poput ploče.
07:33
We embed this material into the synthetic skin
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Ovaj materijal ugradili smo u sintetsku kožu
07:36
that attaches my bionic limb to my biological body.
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koja povezuje moj bionički ud s mojim tijelom.
07:39
When I walk here,
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Dok ovdje hodam,
07:40
it's no voltage.
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nema napona.
07:42
My interface is soft and compliant.
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Moje sučelje je mekano i popustljivo.
07:44
The button's pushed, voltage is applied,
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Kada se pritisne gumb, primjenjujemo napon,
07:45
and it stiffens,
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te ono očvrsne,
07:47
offering me a greater maneuverability
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omogućujući mi širi spektar upravljanja
07:48
of the bionic limb.
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mojim bioničkim udom.
07:50
We're also building exoskeletons.
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Također proizvodimo egzoskelete.
07:52
This exoskeleton becomes stiff and soft
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Ovaj egzoskelet postaje čvrst i mekan
07:55
in just the right areas of the running cycle
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na točno određenim područjima
tijekom trčanja
tijekom trčanja
07:57
to protect the biological joints
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kako bi sačuvao zglobove
07:59
from high impacts and degradation.
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od velikih udaraca i degradacije.
08:02
In the future, we'll all be wearing exoskeletons
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U budućnosti, svi ćemo nositi egzoskelete
08:05
in common activities such as running.
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tijekom običnih aktivnosti poput trčanja.
08:08
Next, dynamic interface.
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Zatim, dinamičko sučelje.
08:10
How do my bionic limbs move like flesh and bone?
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Kako se moji bionički udovi
pokreću poput mesa i kosti?
pokreću poput mesa i kosti?
08:13
At my MIT lab, we study how humans
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U mom MIT laboratoriju
proučavamo zdrave ljude
proučavamo zdrave ljude
08:16
with normal physiologies stand, walk and run.
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dok stoje, hodaju i trče.
08:18
What are the muscles doing,
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Što njihovi mišići rade
08:20
and how are they controlled by the spinal cord?
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i kako su kontrolirani od strane
kralježnične moždine?
kralježnične moždine?
08:23
This basic science motivates what we build.
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Osnove znanosti motiviraju što gradimo.
08:25
We're building bionic ankles, knees and hips.
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Proizvodimo bioničke
gležnjeve, koljena i kukove.
gležnjeve, koljena i kukove.
08:28
We're building body parts from the ground up.
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Proizvodimo dijelove tijela
od samih temelja.
od samih temelja.
08:31
The bionic limbs that I'm wearing are called BiOMs.
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Bionički udovi koje ja nosim
zovu se BiOM-ovi.
zovu se BiOM-ovi.
08:35
They've been fitted to nearly 1,000 patients,
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Nosi ih gotovo 1000 pacijenata,
08:38
400 of which have been U.S. wounded soldiers.
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od kojih su 400 ranjeni američki vojnici.
08:41
How does it work? At heel
strike, under computer control,
strike, under computer control,
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Kako funkcioniraju? Pri udarcu petom,
kompjuterskom kontrolom,
kompjuterskom kontrolom,
08:44
the system controls stiffness
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sustav kontrolira čvrstoću,
08:46
to attenuate the shock of the limb hitting the ground.
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kako bi ublažio šok udarca o podlogu.
08:50
Then at mid-stance, the bionic limb outputs
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Zatim, u srednjem položaju,
bionički ud proizvodi
bionički ud proizvodi
08:52
high torques and powers to lift the person
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snažnu obratnu silu i snagu
kako bi podigao osobu
kako bi podigao osobu
08:55
into the walking stride,
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u hodajući stav,
08:56
comparable to how muscles work in the calf region.
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usporedivo načinu na koji
djeluju mišići u području lista.
djeluju mišići u području lista.
09:00
This bionic propulsion is very important
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Ovaj bionički pogon je neizmjerno klinički
09:03
clinically to patients.
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bitan pacijentima.
09:04
So, on the left you see the bionic device
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Dakle, lijevo vidite bionički uređaj
09:06
worn by a lady --
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kojeg nosi žena --
09:07
on the right a passive device worn by the same lady
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desno pasivni uređaj nošen od
strane iste žene
strane iste žene
09:10
that fails to emulate normal muscle function --
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koji ne uspijeva oponašati
normalne mišićne funkcije --
normalne mišićne funkcije --
09:13
enabling her to do something
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koje joj omogućuju napraviti nešto
09:15
everyone should be able to do,
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što bi svatko trebao moći napraviti,
09:17
go up and down their steps at home.
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penjati se gore i dolje
po stepenicama u kući.
po stepenicama u kući.
09:19
Bionics also allows for extraordinary athletic feats.
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Bionički udovi također omogućuju
izvanredne atletske podvige.
izvanredne atletske podvige.
09:22
Here's a gentleman running up a rocky pathway.
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Ovdje vidimo gospodina koji
trči po kamenitom putu.
trči po kamenitom putu.
09:27
This is Steve Martin, not the comedian,
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Ovo je Steve Martin, ne komičar,
09:30
who lost his legs in a bomb blast in Afghanistan.
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koji je izgubio noge u eksploziji,
u Afganistanu.
u Afganistanu.
09:34
We're also building exoskeletal structures
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Također gradimo egzoskeletne strukture
09:37
using these same principles
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koristeći ista načela
09:38
that wrap around a biological limb.
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koji okružuju biološki ud.
09:41
This gentleman does not have
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Ovaj gospodin nema
09:44
any leg condition, any disability.
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nikakav poremećaj u nogama,
nikakvu invalidnost.
nikakvu invalidnost.
09:47
He has a normal physiology,
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Ima normalnu fiziologiju,
09:49
so these exoskeletons are applying
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tako da mu ovaj egzoskelet stvara
09:51
muscle-like torques and powers
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moment i snagu poput mišića
09:54
so that his own muscles need not apply
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kako njegovi mišići ne bi morali stvarati
09:56
those torques and powers.
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taj moment i snagu.
09:58
This is the first exoskeleton in history
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Ovo je prvi egzoskelet u povijesti
10:01
that actually augments human walking.
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koji zapravo poboljšava ljudsko hodanje.
10:04
It significantly reduces metabolic cost.
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Značajno umanjuje metaboličku potrošnju.
10:07
It's so profound in its augmentation
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Toliko je temeljan u svom poboljšanju
10:09
that when a normal, healthy person
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da kada normalna, zdrava osoba
10:11
wears the device for 40 minutes
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nosi ovu spravu 40 minuta
10:13
and then takes it off,
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i zatim ju skine,
10:15
their own biological legs
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njihove biološke noge
10:16
feel ridiculously heavy and awkward.
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postaju smiješno teške i čudne.
10:19
We're beginning the age in which
239
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Započinjemo doba u kojem će nas
10:21
machines attached to our bodies
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1851
strojevi povezani s našim tijelom
10:23
will make us stronger and faster
241
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učiniti jačima i bržima,
10:25
and more efficient.
242
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i uspješnijima.
10:27
Moving on to electrical interface,
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Prelazimo na električno sučelje,
10:29
how do my bionic limbs communicate
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kako moji bionički udovi komuniciraju
10:30
with my nervous system?
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1917
s mojim živčanim sustavom?
10:32
Across my residual limb are electrodes
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Na površini mog batrljka su elektrode
10:34
that measure the electrical pulse of my muscles.
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koje mjere električne impulse
mojih mišića.
mojih mišića.
10:37
That's communicated to the bionic limb,
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To se prenosi bioničkom udu,
10:39
so when I think about moving my phantom limb,
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tako da kada pomislim na pomicanje
mog fantomskog uda,
mog fantomskog uda,
10:41
the robot tracks those movement desires.
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robot očitava moju želju za pomicanjem.
10:45
This diagram shows fundamentally
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1717
Ovaj dijagram pokazuje osnove
10:47
how the bionic limb is controlled,
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po kojima su bionički udovi kontrolirani,
10:50
so we model the missing biological limb,
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dakle modelirali smo nedostajući
biološki ud,
biološki ud,
10:52
and we've discovered what reflexes occurred,
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i otkrili smo koji se refleksi izazivaju,
10:55
how the reflexes of the spinal cord
255
643728
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kako refleksi kralježnične moždine
10:57
are controlling the muscles,
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1808
kontroliraju mišiće,
10:59
and that capability is embedded
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i ta je sposobnost ugrađena
11:01
in the chips of the bionic limb.
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u čip bioničkog uda.
11:04
What we've done, then, is we modulate
259
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1969
Što smo nakon toga napravili,
modulirali smo
modulirali smo
11:06
the sensitivity of the reflex,
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2086
osjetljivost refleksa,
11:08
the modeled spinal reflex,
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po uzoru na spinalni refleks,
11:10
with the neural signal,
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s živčanim signalom,
11:12
so when I relax my muscles in my residual limb,
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tako da kada opustim mišiće
u svom batrljku,
u svom batrljku,
11:15
I get very little torque and power,
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dobijam vrlo male momente sile i snagu,
11:18
but the more I fire my muscles,
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ali što više potičem svoje mišiće,
11:19
the more torque I get,
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veće momente dobijem,
11:21
and I can even run.
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2543
što mi čak omogućuje trčanje.
11:23
And that was the first demonstration
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Ovo je bila prva demonstracija
11:25
of a running gait under neural command.
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trčanja pod utjecajem živčanih naredbi.
11:28
Feels great.
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Osjećaj je odličan.
11:30
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:35
We want to go a step further.
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Želimo ići korak ispred.
11:37
We want to actually close the loop
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Želimo zapravo zatvoriti petlju
11:40
between the human and the bionic external limb.
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između čovjeka i bioničkoga uda.
11:44
We're doing experiments where we're growing
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Radimo na istraživanjima u kojima uzgajamo
11:45
nerves, transected nerves,
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živce, presječene živce,
11:47
through channels, or micro-channel rays.
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kroz kanale, ili red mikrokanala.
11:50
On the other side of the channel,
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Na drugom kraju kanala,
11:51
the nerve then attaches to cells,
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živac se spaja sa stanicom,
11:54
skin cells and muscle cells.
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stanicom kože ili mišića.
11:56
In the motor channels we can sense
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Kroz motorne kanale možemo osjetiti
11:59
how the person wishes to move.
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kako se osoba želi pokrenuti.
12:01
That can be sent out wirelessly to the bionic limb,
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To se može bežično poslati bioničkom udu,
12:04
then sensors on the bionic limb
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tada senzori na bioničkom udu
12:06
can be converted to stimulations
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2646
mogu biti prevedeni u stimulaciju
12:09
in adjacent channels, sensory channels.
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u susjednom kanalu, osjetnom kanalu.
12:11
So, when this is fully developed
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Tako da kada je ovo u
potpunosti proizvedeno
potpunosti proizvedeno
12:13
and for human use,
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i spremno za ljudsku upotrebu,
12:15
persons like myself will not only have
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ljudi poput mene neće samo imati
12:18
synthetic limbs that move like flesh and bone,
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3184
sintetske udove koji se pokreću
poput mesa i kosti,
poput mesa i kosti,
12:21
but actually feel like flesh and bone.
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4116
već će se osjećati kao meso i kost.
12:25
This video shows Lisa Mallette
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Ovaj video pokazuje Lisu Mallette
12:28
shortly after being fitted with two bionic limbs.
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neposredno nakon što je
opremljena s dva bionička uda.
opremljena s dva bionička uda.
12:31
Indeed, bionics is making
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Uistinu, bionički udovi čine
12:33
a profound difference in people's lives.
295
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2199
ogromnu razliku u ljudskim životima.
12:35
(Video) Lisa Mallette: Oh my God.
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(Video) Lisa Mallette: Moj Bože.
12:39
Oh my God, I can't believe it.
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Moj Bože, ne vjerujem.
12:44
It's just like I've got a real leg.
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Ovo je kao da imam pravu nogu.
12:48
Now, don't start running.
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Sada, nemoj početi trčati.
12:50
Man: Now turn around,
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Muškarac: Sada se okreni
12:51
and do the same thing walking up.
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i učini isto, penjući se gore.
12:53
Walk up, get on your heel to toe,
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Penji se gore, koristi petu pa prste,
12:55
like you would normally just walk on level ground.
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kao što bi normalno hodala po tlu.
12:56
Try to walk right up the hill.
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Pokušaj se popeti uz uzvisinu.
13:01
LM: Oh my God.
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2616
LM: O moj Bože.
13:03
Man: Is it pushing you up?
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1389
Muškarac: Gura li te prema gore?
13:05
LM: Yes! I'm not even -- I can't even describe it.
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5197
LM: Da! Ne mogu uopće -- Ne mogu
uopće opisati ovo.
uopće opisati ovo.
13:10
Man: It's pushing you right up.
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Muškarac: Gura te prema gore.
13:12
Hugh Herr: Next week, I'm visiting the center's —
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Hugh Herr: Sljedeći tjedan, posjetit ću centar --
13:15
(Applause) Thank you, thank you.
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(Pljesak) Hvala, hvala.
13:19
Thank you. Next week I'm visiting
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2357
Hvala. Sljedeći tjedan posjetit ću
13:21
the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services,
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2812
Centar za Medicare i Medicaid usluge
13:24
and I'm going to try to convince CMS
313
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2657
i pokušat ću nagovoriti CMS centar
13:27
to grant appropriate code language and pricing
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da odobri prikladne propise i cijene
13:29
so this technology can be made available
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1952
kako bi ova tehnologija bila dostupna
13:31
to the patients that need it.
316
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2633
svim pacijentima kojima je potrebna.
13:34
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
13:39
It's not well appreciated, but over half
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Nije dovoljno cijenjeno, ali vše od pola
13:41
of the world's population
319
809604
1979
svjetske populacije
13:43
suffers from some form of cognitive,
320
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2091
pati od nekog oblika kognitivnog,
13:45
emotional, sensory or motor condition,
321
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emocionalnog, osjetnog ili
motoričkog poremećaja,
motoričkog poremećaja,
13:48
and because of poor technology,
322
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i zbog loše tehnologije,
13:49
too often, conditions result in disability
323
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2592
prečesto, poremećaji završe invalidnošću
13:52
and a poorer quality of life.
324
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2298
i lošijom kvalitetom života.
13:54
Basic levels of physiological function
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2393
Osnovne razine fizioloških funkcija
13:57
should be a part of our human rights.
326
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2642
trebale bi biti dijelom ljuskih prava.
13:59
Every person should have the right
327
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1970
Svaka osoba bi trebala imati pravo
14:01
to live life without disability
328
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1888
živjeti život bez invalidnosti
14:03
if they so choose --
329
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2015
ukoliko tako odaberu --
14:05
the right to live life without severe depression;
330
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2803
pravo na život bez teške depresije;
14:08
the right to see a loved one
331
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1373
pravo vidjeti osobu koju voli
14:09
in the case of seeing impaired;
332
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2234
u slučaju onih koji imaju oštećen vid;
14:12
or the right to walk or to dance,
333
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1913
ili pravo na hodanje ili plesanje,
14:14
in the case of limb paralysis
334
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1488
u slučaju paralize uda
14:15
or limb amputation.
335
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1747
ili amputacije uda.
14:17
As a society, we can achieve these human rights
336
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3807
Kao društvo možemo ostvariti
ova ljudska prava
ova ljudska prava
14:21
if we accept the proposition
337
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2328
ukoliko prihvatimo prijedlog
14:23
that humans are not disabled.
338
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3977
da ljudi nisu invalidni.
14:27
A person can never be broken.
339
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Osoba nikada ne može biti polomljena.
14:30
Our built environment, our technologies,
340
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Naš sagrađeni okoliš, naša tehnologija
14:33
are broken and disabled.
341
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1899
oni su polomljeni i nesposobni.
14:35
We the people need not accept our limitations,
342
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3024
Mi, ljudi, ne trebamo prihvaćati
naša ograničenja,
naša ograničenja,
14:38
but can transcend disability
343
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2231
već nadmašiti nesposobost
14:40
through technological innovation.
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1868
kroz tehnološke inovacije.
14:42
Indeed, through fundamental advances
345
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1867
Uistinu, preko bitnih napredaka
14:44
in bionics in this century,
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u bioničkim udovima, u ovom stoljeću,
14:45
we will set the technological foundation
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postavit ćemo tehnološke temelje
14:48
for an enhanced human experience,
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za poboljšanje ljudskog iskustva
14:50
and we will end disability.
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i stat ćemo na kraj invalidnosti.
14:53
I'd like to finish up with one more story,
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Želio bih završiti s još jednom pričom,
14:55
a beautiful story,
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prekrasnom pričom,
14:57
the story of Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
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pričom o Adrianne Haslet-Davis.
14:59
Adrianne lost her left leg
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Adrianne je izgubila lijevu nogu
15:01
in the Boston terrorist attack.
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tijekom bostonskog terorističkog napada.
15:04
I met Adrianne when this photo was taken
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Upoznao sam Adrianne kada
je nastala ova slika
je nastala ova slika
15:06
at Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
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u bolnici za oporavak Spaulding.
15:08
Adrianne is a dancer, a ballroom dancer.
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Adrianne je plesačica.
15:11
Adrianne breathes and lives dance.
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Adrianne diše i živi ples.
15:13
It is her expression. It is her art form.
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To je njen izražaj. To je njen
oblik umjetnosti.
oblik umjetnosti.
15:16
Naturally, when she lost her limb
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Prirodno, kada je izgubila ud
15:18
in the Boston terrorist attack,
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tijekom tetorističkog napada u Bostonu,
15:20
she wanted to return to the dance floor.
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željela se vratiti na plesni podij.
15:23
After meeting her and driving home in my car,
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Nakon što sam ju upoznao i
odvezao kući u mom autu,
odvezao kući u mom autu,
15:25
I thought, I'm an MIT professor.
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pomislio sam, ja sam MIT profesor.
15:28
I have resources. Let's build her a bionic limb
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Imam resurse. Idemo joj napraviti
bionički ud
bionički ud
15:31
to enable her to go back to her life of dance.
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koji će joj omogućiti vraćanje
životu i plesu.
životu i plesu.
15:34
I brought in MIT scientists with expertise
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Okupio sam MIT znanstvenike, stručnjake
15:37
in prosthetics, robotics, machine learning
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u protezama, robotici, učenju strojeva
15:39
and biomechanics,
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i biomehanici,
15:41
and over a 200-day research period,
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i tijekom 200 dana istraživanja,
15:43
we studied dance.
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proučavali smo ples.
15:45
We brought in dancers with biological limbs,
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Doveli smo plesače s biološkim udovima
15:49
and we studied how do they move,
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i proučavali smo njihove kretnje,
15:51
what forces do they apply on the dance floor,
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koje sile se upotrebljavaju
na plesnom podiju,
na plesnom podiju,
15:55
and we took those data
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uzeli smo sve te podatke
15:56
and we put forth fundamental principles of dance,
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i sastavili osnovne principe plesa,
16:00
reflexive dance capability,
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refleksne plesačke sposobnosti,
16:02
and we embedded that intelligence
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te smo ugradili te podatke
16:03
into the bionic limb.
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u bionički ud.
16:05
Bionics is not only about making people
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Bionika ne čini ljude samo
16:07
stronger and faster.
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jačima i bržima.
16:09
Our expression, our humanity
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Naša ekspresija, ljudskost
16:11
can be embedded into electromechanics.
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može biti ugrađena u elektromehaniku.
16:14
It was 3.5 seconds
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Prošlo je 3.5 sekundi
16:18
between the bomb blasts
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između eksplozije
16:19
in the Boston terrorist attack.
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tijekom terorističkog napada u Bostonu.
16:21
In 3.5 seconds, the criminals and cowards
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U tih 3.5 sekundi zločinci i kukavice
16:24
took Adrianne off the dance floor.
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maknuli su Adrianne s plesnog podija.
16:27
In 200 days, we put her back.
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Nakon 200 dana, mi smo ju vratili nazad.
16:30
We will not be intimidated, brought down,
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Nećemo se dati zastrašiti, oboriti,
16:32
diminished, conquered or stopped
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umanjiti, pokoriti ili zaustaviti
16:35
by acts of violence.
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djelima nasilja,
16:37
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
16:44
Ladies and gentlemen, please allow me to introduce
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Dame i gospodo, molim vas dopustite
mi da vam predstavim
mi da vam predstavim
16:47
Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
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Adrianne Haslet-Davis,
16:49
her first performance since the attack.
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njen prvi nastup od napada.
16:52
She's dancing with Christian Lightner.
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Pleše s Christianom Lightnerom.
16:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:05
(Music: "Ring My Bell" performed by Enrique Iglesias)
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(Glazba: ˝Ring My Bell˝ izvođač
Enrique Iglesias)
Enrique Iglesias)
17:51
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
18:22
Ladies and gentlemen,
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Dame i gospodo,
18:23
members of the research team,
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članovi istraživačkog tima,
18:24
Elliott Rouse and Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
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Elliott Rouse i Nathan Villagaray-Carski.
18:29
Elliott and Nathan.
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Elliott i Nathan.
18:32
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Hugh Herr - Bionics designerAt MIT, Hugh Herr builds prosthetic knees, legs and ankles that fuse biomechanics with microprocessors to restore (and perhaps enhance) normal gait, balance and speed.
Why you should listen
Hugh Herr co-directs the Center for Extreme Bionics at the MIT Media Lab, where he is pioneering a new class of biohybrid smart prostheses and orthoses to improve the quality of life for thousands of people with physical challenges. A powered ankle-foot prosthesis called the Empower by Ottobock, for instance, emulates the action of a biological leg to create a natural gait, allowing persons with amputation to walk with normal levels of speed and metabolism as if their legs were biological.
Herr also advances powerful body exoskeletons that augment human physicality beyond innate physiological levels, enabling humans to walk and run faster with less metabolic energy. He is the co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Dephy Inc., which creates products that augment physiological function through electromechanical enhancement.
Hugh Herr | Speaker | TED.com
Adrianne Haslet-Davis - Ballroom dancer
When Adrianne Haslet-Davis lost her left foot in the Boston Marathon bombing, her left leg was amputated to the knee. Less than a year later, she's back on her feet and dancing again.
Why you should listen
To ballroom dancer Adrianne Haslet-Davis, dancing was everything. So when she lost her left foot in the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, she vowed — from her hospital bed — that she would dance again. Two hundred days later, standing on the TED2014 stage, she did just that. With the help of MIT prostheticist Hugh Herr, Haslet-Davis performed in Vancouver for the first time since the bombing.
Adrianne Haslet-Davis | Speaker | TED.com