ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bruno Torturra - Livestreaming activist
Journalist and photographer Bruno Torturra is the face of Media Ninja, a Brazilian digital collective making headlines for its ability to cover big news as it happens.

Why you should listen
After 11 years as a correspondent and chief editor for Trip Magazine (“Dedicated to the exploration of psychedelic and visionary drug subculture”), São Paolo writer and photographer Bruno Torturra founded two experimental livestreaming networks: first PosTV, then Media Ninja. The latter drew global attention for its collective coverage of the 2013 protests in Brazil, and the questions it raises about the role of traditional journalism and the power of livestreaming technology.
More profile about the speaker
Bruno Torturra | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Bruno Torturra: Got a smartphone? Start broadcasting

Bruno Torturra: 拥有智能手机?那开始直播吧

Filmed:
1,329,421 views

在2011年,Bruno Torturra 在报道一个圣保罗示威事件是,在事情越来越难以控制,白热化时,他开始意识到媒体的责任,真实的报道。所以他辞了职,开始了他自己的直播,播报一个没有被篡改的版本。在这个演讲中,他分享了一些直播经历以及网络的力量,让他创造了一个跟现代,民主的网络世界。
- Livestreaming activist
Journalist and photographer Bruno Torturra is the face of Media Ninja, a Brazilian digital collective making headlines for its ability to cover big news as it happens. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Has anyone任何人 among其中 you
ever been exposed裸露 to tear眼泪 gas加油站?
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在座任何人有没有接触过催泪瓦斯?
00:17
Tear眼泪 gas加油站? Anyone任何人?
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有么?
00:20
I'm sorry to hear that, so you might威力 know
that it's a very toxic有毒的 substance物质,
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我感到很抱歉,
你可能知道那是一个致命的物质
00:25
but you might威力 not know
that it's a very simple简单 molecule分子
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但是你可能不知道它是个很简单的分子
00:28
with an unpronouncableunpronouncable name名称:
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有一个读不出来的名字
00:30
it's called chlorobenzalmalononitrilechlorobenzalmalononitrile.
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它叫 “chlorobenzalmalononitrile"
00:33
I made制作 it.
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我成功了
00:35
It's decades几十年 old, but it's becoming变得
very trendy新潮 among其中 police警察 forces军队
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它有几十年的历史,但是最近开始流行于全球的
00:41
around the planet行星 lately最近, it seems似乎,
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警察机关。
00:44
and according根据 to my experience经验
as a non-voluntary非自愿 breather喘息 of it,
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以我自己的经验,一个非自愿的吸入者
00:48
tear眼泪 gas加油站 has two main主要
but quite相当 opposite对面 effects效果.
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催泪瓦斯有两个非常不一样的用处
00:53
One, it can really burn烧伤 your eyes眼睛,
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第一,它可以灼伤你的眼睛
00:56
and two, it can also
help you to open打开 them.
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第二,它可以帮你睁开它们
01:00
Tear眼泪 gas加油站 definitely无疑 helped帮助
to open打开 mine to something
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催泪瓦斯确实帮助我看到了一些事情
01:04
that I want to share分享
with you this afternoon下午:
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这就是在这个下午我想和你们分享的
01:07
that livestreaming即时串流 the power功率
of independent独立 broadcasts广播 through通过 the web卷筒纸
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网络上的独立直播媒体
01:13
can be a game-changer改变游戏规则 in journalism新闻学,
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可以改变新闻业在
01:16
in activism行动, and as I see it,
in the political政治 discourse演讲 as well.
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行动主义和政治演讲方面的力量。
01:22
That idea理念 started开始
to dawn黎明 on me in early 2011
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在2011早年,我开始有了这个想法
01:27
when I was covering覆盖
a protest抗议 in São Paulo圣保罗.
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当我在圣保罗报导一个抗议
01:31
It was the marijuana大麻 march游行,
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一个关于大麻的示威游行
01:33
a gathering搜集 of people asking
for the legalization合法化 of cannabis.
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一群人希望可以合法化印度大麻的使用
01:37
When that group started开始 to move移动,
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当这个组织开始走的时候
01:39
the riot暴动 police警察 came来了 from the back
with rubber橡胶 bullets子弹, bombs炸弹,
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防爆警察从后面用橡皮子弹,炸弹
01:43
and then the gas加油站.
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和那些催泪瓦斯阻止。
01:46
But to make a long story故事 short,
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为了长话短说
01:48
I had entered进入 that protest抗议
as the editor-in-chief主编辑
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我参加了那个游行,以在一个
01:52
of a well-established成熟 printed印刷的 magazine杂志
where I'd worked工作 for 11 years年份,
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完建的杂志社主编,我在那工作了11年
01:56
and thanks谢谢 to this unsolicited不请自来
effects效果 of tear眼泪 gas加油站,
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但是感谢催泪瓦斯的效果
02:01
I left it as a journalist记者 that was now
committed提交 to new ways方法
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我离开了那个杂志社,以新的方式
02:06
of sharing分享 the raw生的 experience经验
of what it's like to be there, actually其实.
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去分享这些经历,和亲生体验的感觉。
02:12
So in the following以下 week,
I was back in the streets街道,
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所以在接下来的几星期,我回到了街道
02:16
but that time, I wasn't a member会员
of any media媒体 outlet出口 anymore.
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但是这一次,我不再是记者
02:20
I was there as an independent独立
livestreamerlivestreamer, and all I had with me
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我以一个独立直播者的身份,我的设备
02:25
was basically基本上 borrowed equipment设备.
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都是借来的
02:27
I had a very simple简单 camera相机
and a backpack背包 with 3G modems调制解调器.
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一个非常简单的相机和拥有3G调制解调器的背包
02:33
And I had this weblink网站链接
that could be shared共享 through通过 social社会 media媒体,
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我还有一个可以在任何交友平台分享的网址
02:38
could be put in any website网站,
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可以放在任何网页上
02:41
and that time,
the protest抗议 went along沿 fine.
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在那个时候,游行平静的进行着
02:44
There was no violence暴力.
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没有任何暴力
02:46
There was no action行动 scenes场景.
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没有动作场景
02:48
But there was something really exciting扣人心弦,
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但是我发现一些特别兴奋的事情
02:51
because I could see at a distance距离
the TV电视 channels渠道 covering覆盖 it,
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因为在远处我可以看到一些电视台在做报道
02:56
and they had these big vans面包车
and the teams球队 and the cameras相机,
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他们用着很大的面包车,很多人和摄像机
03:00
and I was basically基本上 doing the same相同 thing
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而我做着同样的事情
03:02
and all I had was a backpack背包.
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但只用了一个背包。
03:05
And that was really
exciting扣人心弦 to a journalist记者,
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这对一个记者是个很高兴的事情
03:08
but the most interesting有趣 part部分
was when I got back home, actually其实,
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但是最有趣的是,当我回到家
03:13
because I learned学到了 that I had been watched看着
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我才发现我被
03:15
by more than 90,000 people,
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90,000多人看着
03:18
and I got hundreds数以百计 of emails电子邮件 and messages消息
of people asking me, basically基本上,
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我收到了几百张电子邮件或者信息问我
03:23
how did I do it,
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我是怎么做到的。
03:25
how it was possible可能 to do such这样 a thing.
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怎么可能做到这样的事。
03:28
And I learned学到了 something else其他,
that that was actually其实 the first time
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我还学到, 我的直播实际上是
03:31
that somebody had ever doneDONE
a livestreaming即时串流 in a street protest抗议
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第一个直播游行在街道上
03:37
in the country国家.
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在巴西
03:39
And that really shocked吃惊 me,
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这个确实让我很吃惊
03:41
because I was no geek极客,
I was no technology技术 guy,
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我并非极客,也不是技术宅,
03:45
and all the equipment设备 needed需要
was already已经 there,
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那些设备我已经拥有
03:48
was easily容易 available可得到.
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而且非常容易得到
03:50
And I realized实现 that
we had a frontier边境 here,
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我才发现,我们有一个边界
03:53
a very important重要 one,
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一个非常重要的
03:55
that it was just a matter
of changing改变 the perspective透视,
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但是只要我们转换一下视角
03:58
and the web卷筒纸 could be actually其实 used,
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就会发现我们可以利用网络
04:00
already已经 used, as a colossal庞大
and uncontrollable不可控
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网络已经是一个巨大,难以控制的平台
04:03
and highly高度 anarchical无政府主义 TV电视 channel渠道,
TV电视 network网络,
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让非政府的电视频道,电视广播
04:07
and anyone任何人 with very basic基本 skills技能
and very basic基本 equipment设备,
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和任何有基本技术和设备的人
04:12
even someone有人 like me who had this
little stuttering口吃 issue问题,
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甚至让我这种有小小结巴的人用。
04:18
so if it happens发生, bear with me please,
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所以,如果它发生了,原谅我好么
04:22
even someone有人 like me
could become成为 a broadcaster广播员.
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让我这样的人当上了主播
04:27
And that sounded满面 revolutionary革命的 in my mind心神.
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这个想法对我来说是革命的
04:29
So for the next下一个 couple一对 of years年份,
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所以在接下来的几年里
04:31
I started开始 to experiment实验 with
livestreaming即时串流 in different不同 ways方法,
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我开始试验各种不一样的直播
04:35
not only in the streets街道
but mostly大多 in studios工作室 and in homes家园,
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不只是在街道上,还有演播室和家中
04:38
until直到 the beginning开始 of 2013, last year,
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知道去年,2013年的开头
04:42
when I became成为 the cofounder联合创始人 of a group
calleddia直径 NINJA忍者.
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我成立了一个叫 MedIa NINJA 的组织
04:46
NINJA忍者 is an acronym缩写
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NINJIA是一个首字母缩略词
04:47
that stands站立 for NarrativasNarrativas IndependentesIndependentes
JornalismoJornalismo e Ação,
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意为“自由独立叙述播报者”(巴西语)
04:51
or in English英语, independent独立 narratives叙事,
journalism新闻学, and action行动.
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或者用英文就是“独立叙述者”,报导者和行动
04:55
It was a media媒体 group
that had little media媒体 plan计划.
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它是一个没有任何媒体计划的媒体组织
04:59
We didn't have any financial金融 structure结构体.
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我们没有任何的经济来源
05:01
We were not planning规划
to make money out of this,
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我们也没有规划从中获利
05:04
which哪一个 was wise明智的, because you shouldn't不能
try to make money out of journalism新闻学 now.
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不过确实很明智,
因为在这个时代想赚钱就不该做记者
05:10
But we had a very solid固体
and clear明确 conviction定罪,
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但是我们有着非常坚定和明确的目的
05:13
that we knew知道 that the hyperconnected超级连接
environment环境 of social社会 media媒体
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我们知道在这个高度链接的社会媒体环境中
05:18
could maybe allow允许 us to consolidate巩固
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可以让我们形成一个
05:20
a network网络 of experimental试验 journalists记者
throughout始终 the country国家.
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遍布全国的记者网络
05:26
So we launched推出 a FacebookFacebook的 page first,
and then a manifesto宣言,
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所以我们先注册了脸谱网的页面,然后做了声明
05:31
and started开始 to cover the streets街道
in a very simple简单 way.
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开始用简单的方式报道街道
05:34
But then something happened发生,
something that wasn't predicted预料到的,
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然后一个让人意想不到的事情发生了
05:39
that no one could have anticipated预期.
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任何人都没有预想到的
05:41
Street protests抗议 started开始
to erupt爆发 in São Paulo圣保罗.
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街道游行在圣保罗开始了
05:44
They began开始 as very local本地 and specific具体.
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他们开始的时候是非常具体和小范围的
05:46
They were against反对 the bus总线 fare票价 hike远足
that had just happened发生 in the city.
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是为了反对公交车票的涨价
05:52
This is a bus总线.
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这是那个公交车
05:54
It's written书面 there, "Theft盗窃."
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上面写着”小偷“
05:57
But those kind of manifestations表现
started开始 to grow增长,
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但是这些示威游行开始扩展
06:02
and they kept不停 happening事件.
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他们持续发生
06:03
So the police警察 violence暴力 against反对 them
started开始 to grow增长 as well.
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所以警方使用暴力来压制他们也开始加强
06:08
But there was another另一个 conflict冲突,
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但是那还有另一个问题
06:10
the one I believe that's
more important重要 here
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一个我相信更重要的问题
06:13
to make my point that
it was a narrative叙述 conflict冲突.
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那就是报道真实性的问题
06:16
There was this mainstream主流 media媒体
version of the facts事实
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这些主流媒体报道的真相
06:20
that anyone任何人 who was on the streets街道
could easily容易 challenge挑战
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可以被任何一个当时在街道上的人推翻
06:24
if they presented呈现 their own拥有 vision视力
of what was actually其实 happening事件 there.
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如果他们说出事实,到底发生了什么在那里。
06:30
And it was this clash冲突 of visions愿景,
this clash冲突 of narratives叙事,
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就是因为这些不一致的报道
06:33
that I think turned转身 those protests抗议
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让我才觉得让这些游行
06:36
into a long period in the country国家
of political政治 reckoning清算
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使这个国家有了长期的政治对话
06:40
where hundreds数以百计 of thousands数千 of people,
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在那里,有成千上万
06:44
probably大概 more than a million百万 people
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有可能超过了一百多万人
06:46
took to the streets街道 in the whole整个 country国家.
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占领了全国的街道
06:49
But it wasn't about
the bus总线 fare票价 hike远足 anymore.
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但已经不再是关于公共交通价格的上升
06:52
It was about everything.
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而是关于所有的事情
06:55
The people's人们 demands需要, their expectations期望,
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人民的要求,他们的期望
06:58
the reasons原因 why they were on the streets街道
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他们在街上的原因
07:00
could be as diverse多种 as they could
be contradictory矛盾 in many许多 cases.
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有各式各样,也互相矛盾在许多情况下。
07:05
If you could read it,
you would understand理解 me.
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如果你能看懂,你就会明白
07:09
But it was in this environment环境
of political政治 catharsis导泻
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但这是个在政治发泄的环境中
07:13
that the country国家 was going through通过
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这个国家所正在经历的
07:16
that it had to do with politics政治, indeed确实,
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它确实是关于政治
07:19
but it had to do also
with a new way of organizing组织,
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但也关于新的管理模式
07:24
through通过 a new way of communicating通信.
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用一个新的方式去交流
07:26
It was in that environment环境
that Mídia直径 NINJA忍者 emerged出现
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在那样的环境中,媒体 NINJA 诞生了
07:29
from almost几乎 anonymity匿名
to become成为 a national国民 phenomenon现象,
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从一个无人知道的组织变成了全球奇迹
07:34
because we did have the right equipment设备.
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因为我们用了正确的设备
07:37
We are not using运用 big cameras相机.
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我们没有用高大的摄像机
07:39
We are using运用 basically基本上 this.
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我们基本上用了它
07:42
We are using运用 smartphones智能手机.
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我们用了智能手机
07:44
And that, actually其实, allowed允许 us to become成为
invisible无形 in the middle中间 of the protests抗议,
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因为它,所以我们可以隐身于这些游行中
07:49
but it allowed允许 us to do something else其他:
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它还让我们达到另一个目的
07:51
to show显示 what it was like
to be in the protests抗议,
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还原游行最真实的一面
07:55
to present当下 to people at home
a subjective主观 perspective透视.
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使那些在家的人看到主观视角
08:01
But there was something
that is more important重要,
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还有最重要要
08:03
I think, than the equipment设备.
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比设备更重要的就是
08:04
It was our mindset心态,
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我们的思想
08:07
because we are not behaving行为
as a media媒体 outlet出口.
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我们没有像其他的媒体
08:10
We are not competing竞争 for news新闻.
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我们不在为新闻竞争
08:12
We are trying to encourage鼓励 people,
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我们只想鼓励人们
08:15
to invite邀请 people,
and to actually其实 teach people
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邀请人们,和教导他们
08:17
how to do this, how they also
could become成为 broadcasters广播.
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怎么变成一个直播人员,怎们做到这个
08:22
And that was crucial关键 to turndia直径 NINJA忍者
from a small group of people,
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这就是为什们我们从一个几个人的组织
08:28
and in a matter of weeks,
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在几个星期中
08:29
we multiplied乘以 and we grew成长
exponentially成倍 throughout始终 the country国家.
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我们成倍增加,甚至在全国范围内。
08:34
So in a matter of a week or two,
as the protests抗议 kept不停 happening事件,
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所以在一两个星期内,当这些游行发生的时候
08:39
we were hundreds数以百计 of young年轻 people
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我们这些上千的年轻人
08:41
connected连接的 in this network网络
throughout始终 the country国家.
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在全国各地,用着网络链接着
08:44
We were covering覆盖 more than
50 cities城市 at the same相同 time.
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我们同时报导着50多个城市
08:47
That's something that
no TV电视 channel渠道 could ever do.
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这是任何一个电视频道都做不到的
08:50
That was responsible主管
for turning车削 us suddenly突然, actually其实,
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这就是为什们我们突然变成了
08:54
into kind of the mainstream主流
media媒体 of social社会 media媒体.
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主流的媒体
08:59
So we had a couple一对 of thousands数千
of followers追随者 on our FacebookFacebook的 page,
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我们当初在脸谱网拥有几千的收听者
09:03
and soon不久 we had a quarter25美分硬币
of a million百万 followers追随者.
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现在已经有差不多25万的收听者
09:06
Our posts帖子 and our videos视频
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我们公布的信息和视频
09:08
were being存在 seen看到 by more than
11 million百万 timelines时间线 a week.
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每星期平均被一千多万人看到
09:12
It was way more than any newspaper报纸
or any magazine杂志 could ever do.
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比任何一个杂志或者新闻社都多
09:17
And that turned转身dia直径 NINJA忍者
into something else其他,
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NINJA 变了
09:21
more than a media媒体 outlet出口,
than a media媒体 project项目.
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不只是一个媒体播报,或者项目
09:24
It became成为 almost几乎 like a public上市 service服务
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它变成了一个公共服务
09:27
to the citizen公民, to the protester抗议者,
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为了人民,为了游行者
09:29
to the activist活动家,
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为了积极分子
09:31
because they had a very simple简单
and efficient高效 and peaceful平静的 tool工具
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因为他们都有一个简单,有效率,和平的工具
09:35
to confront面对 both police警察
and media媒体 authority权威.
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去面对警察或者媒体的权威
09:41
Many许多 of our images图片 started开始
to be used in regular定期 TV电视 channels渠道.
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我们很多的相片都被很多电视节目用到
09:45
Our livestreams串流 started开始 to be broadcast广播
even in regular定期 televisions电视
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很多电视台开始用我们的直播
09:50
when things got really rough.
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当事情白热化的时候
09:52
Some our images图片 were responsible主管
to take some people out of jail监狱,
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我们的图像可以免一些的牢狱之灾
09:57
people who were being存在 arrested被捕 unfairly不公平
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让那些被不公平抓进去的人,
10:00
under false accusations指责,
and we could prove证明 them innocent无辜.
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被诬告的人,用我们的图片证明他们的清白
10:04
And that also turned转身dia直径 NINJA忍者 very soon不久
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不幸的是,这也让NINGA很快的
10:07
to be seen看到 as almost几乎
an enemy敌人 of cops警察, unfortunately不幸,
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变成警察的眼中钉,敌人
10:11
and we started开始 to be severely严重 beaten殴打,
and eventually终于 arrested被捕 on the streets街道.
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我们被严重的打击,最终被逮捕
10:16
It happened发生 in many许多 cases.
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发生了很多次
10:18
But that was also useful有用,
because we were still at the web卷筒纸,
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但是这个经历也有帮助,因为我们还在网上
10:22
so that helped帮助 to trigger触发
an important重要 debate辩论 in the country国家
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这个帮助引发一个很重要的争论
10:28
on the role角色 of the media媒体 itself本身
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关于媒体的职责
10:30
and the state of the freedom自由
of the press in the country国家.
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和新闻,出版社的自由
10:34
So Mídia直径 NINJA忍者 now evolved进化
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现在 NINJA 已经逐步变成
10:36
and finally最后 consolidated综合 itself本身
in what we hoped希望 it would become成为:
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在我们的期望中
10:42
a national国民 network网络
of hundreds数以百计 of young年轻 people,
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一个全国网络,拥有许多的年轻人
10:45
self-organizing自组织 themselves他们自己 locally本地
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在当地自我组织
10:49
to cover social社会, human人的 rights权利 issues问题,
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去报道社会,和一些人权问题
10:53
and expressing表达 themselves他们自己
not only politically政治上
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也让他们可以不仅政治地,也能报刊地
10:55
but journalisticallyjournalistically.
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表达自己
11:00
What I started开始 to do
in the beginning开始 of this year,
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在今年的年初,我开始
11:05
as Mídia直径 NINJA忍者 is already已经
a self-organizing自组织 network网络,
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当 NINJA 已经变成了一个自我组织的网络
11:09
I'm dedicating myself to another另一个 project项目.
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我开始了另一个项目
11:12
It's called FluxoFluxo,
which哪一个 is Portuguese葡萄牙语 for "stream."
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叫 Fluxo,在葡萄牙语中是 “直播”
11:15
It's a journalism新闻学 studio工作室
in São Paulo圣保罗 downtown市中心,
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是一个新闻演播室,在圣保罗的市中心
11:18
where I used livestream现场直播 to experiment实验
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在那里,我用直播去做实验
11:21
with what I call post-television后电视 formats格式.
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我叫这个“后电视格式”
11:25
But I'm also trying to come up with ways方法
to finance金融 independent独立 journalism新闻学
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但是我也在想办法去为自由报道集资
11:30
through通过 a direct直接 relationship关系
with an audience听众,
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用和听众直接联系
11:33
with an active活性 audience听众,
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和一些活跃,主动的听众
11:35
because now I really want
to try to make a living活的
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因为这次,我想尝试营生
11:38
out of my tear眼泪 gas加油站 resolution解析度 back then.
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用我当初的催泪瓦斯计划
11:42
But there's something
more significant重大 here,
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这次,它更有重要性
11:44
something that I believe is more important重要
and more crucial关键 than my personal个人 example.
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这个我相信比我的个人例子更重要,更关键
11:49
I said that livestream现场直播 could turn the web卷筒纸
into a colossal庞大 TV电视 network网络,
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我先面说过,直播可以将网络变成个巨大的电视
11:54
but I believe it does something else其他,
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但我还相信另一个事情
11:56
because after watching观看 people using运用 it,
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因为看到这么多人用了它之后
11:59
not only to cover things but to express表现,
to organize组织 themselves他们自己 politically政治上,
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不只是报道,但是用他们去政治性的组织自己
12:05
I believe livestream现场直播 can turn cyberspace网络空间
into a global全球 political政治 arena竞技场
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我相信直播可以将网络空间变成一个全球政治场所
12:12
where everyone大家 might威力 have a voice语音,
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在那里,每个人都拥有声音
12:14
a proper正确 voice语音,
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被正视的声音
12:16
because livestream现场直播 takes the monopoly垄断
of the broadcast广播 political政治 discourse演讲,
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因为直播将不再让政治演讲垄断新闻播报
12:21
of the verbal口头 aspect方面
of the political政治 dialogue对话
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让那些在政治方面的语言自由
12:24
out of the mouths嘴巴 of just politicians政治家
and political政治 pundits专家 alone单独,
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不再只是政治家或权威人士的专利
12:30
and it empowers如虎添翼 the citizen公民
through通过 this direct直接 and non-mediated非介导 power功率
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通过这种直接,非传达的方式交流和交换经验
12:35
of exchanging交换 experiences经验 and dialogue对话,
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让人们能够
12:38
empowers如虎添翼 them to question
and to influence影响 authorities当局
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提问题,和影响权威
12:42
in ways方法 in which哪一个 we are about to see.
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在我们即将看到的方面
12:46
And I believe it does something else其他
that might威力 be even more important重要,
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我相信它之所以这么重要,还因为
12:50
that the simplicity简单 of the technology技术
can merge合并 objectivity客观性 and subjectivity主观性
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这么简单的科技可以合并客观性和主观性
12:57
in a very political政治 way, as I see it,
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用非常政治的方式,在我看来
13:00
because it really helps帮助 the audience听众,
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因为它真的可以帮助到观众
13:05
the citizen公民, to see the world世界
through通过 somebody else's别人的 eye,
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人民去看这个世界用另一个人的眼睛
13:09
so it helps帮助 the citizen公民
to put him-他- or herself她自己
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所以它帮助人民,将他们自己
13:13
in other people's人们 place地点.
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放入别人的立场,环境中
13:15
And that idea理念, I think,
should be the intention意向,
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而我觉得,这就是我们的目的
13:19
should be the goal目标 of any good journalism新闻学,
any good activism行动,
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这应该是每一位优秀的报导者,行动者的目标
13:23
but most of all, any good politics政治.
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但最重要,在任何好的政治中。
13:26
Thank you very much. It was an honor荣誉.
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谢谢大家,我很荣幸。
13:29
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Helen Zhang
Reviewed by Zack Xue

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bruno Torturra - Livestreaming activist
Journalist and photographer Bruno Torturra is the face of Media Ninja, a Brazilian digital collective making headlines for its ability to cover big news as it happens.

Why you should listen
After 11 years as a correspondent and chief editor for Trip Magazine (“Dedicated to the exploration of psychedelic and visionary drug subculture”), São Paolo writer and photographer Bruno Torturra founded two experimental livestreaming networks: first PosTV, then Media Ninja. The latter drew global attention for its collective coverage of the 2013 protests in Brazil, and the questions it raises about the role of traditional journalism and the power of livestreaming technology.
More profile about the speaker
Bruno Torturra | Speaker | TED.com