TED2008
Dave Eggers: My wish: Once Upon a School
大卫·艾格斯讲述他的TED愿望
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作家艾格斯接受了2008年度TED大奖，他呼吁TED社区的朋友以一种创新的方式亲身参与到社区公立学校的教育当中。他的演讲非常生动，并且他创立的826瓦伦西亚课余辅导中心已经给世界各地的人们带来了极大的启发，各地的人们都在兴起志愿者服务于社区教育的浪潮。
Dave Eggers - Author, publisher, education activist
Writing is only his day job: Dave Eggers moonlights as a publisher, philanthropist and advocate for students and teachers. Full bio
Writing is only his day job: Dave Eggers moonlights as a publisher, philanthropist and advocate for students and teachers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Thank you so much everyone from TED, and Chris and Amy in particular.
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这里我要感谢 TED 大会主办方，特别感谢克里斯和安弥
00:17
I cannot believe I'm here.
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我真不曾想象到我会有机会登上这个舞台
00:19
I have not slept in weeks.
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我有好几周都没睡好觉了。
00:21
Neil and I were sitting there comparing how little we've slept
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刚才我在台下还跟尼尔比谁睡得更少呢
00:24
in anticipation for this. I've never been so nervous --
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为了准备这个演讲 我可谓从没有这么紧张过
00:27
and I do this when I'm nervous, I just realized. (Laughter)
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我刚刚意识到我一紧张就会这样子搓手
00:31
So, I'm going to talk about sort of what we did at this organization
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好了，我今天主要是谈谈我们这个组织做的一些事情
00:35
called 826 Valencia, and then I'm going to talk
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它的名字是“826瓦伦西亚”
00:37
about how we all might join in and do similar things.
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希望大家听完我的演讲后能有所启发，一起干类似的事情
00:40
Back in about 2000, I was living in Brooklyn,
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2000年的时候，我住在布鲁克林
00:44
I was trying to finish my first book,
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那时我正在写我的第一本书
00:47
I was wandering around dazed every day
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每天白天，我都会在街上神智恍惚的来回走
00:49
because I wrote from 12 a.m. to 5 a.m.
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因为我每晚都是从夜里12点写到凌晨5点
00:51
So I would walk around in a daze during the day.
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于是，到了白天，我就精神恍惚的在街上走
00:54
I had no mental acuity to speak of during the day, but I had flexible hours.
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白天，我不能完全集中精神，可是，我的工作时间比较灵活
01:02
In the Brooklyn neighborhood that I lived in, Park Slope,
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我住在布鲁克林区的斜坡公园附近
01:05
there are a lot of writers --
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那里是作家的汇集之地
01:07
it's like a very high per capita ratio
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要是说到作家分布的情况
01:09
of writers to normal people.
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那里的作家人数在整个社区中的比例是颇高的
01:11
Meanwhile, I had grown up around a lot of teachers.
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此外，我自小就是在一种教师的氛围中成长的
01:16
My mom was a teacher, my sister became a teacher
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我母亲是一位教师，我姐姐毕业后也当上了一名教师
01:18
and after college so many of my friends went into teaching.
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我有很多朋友在念完大学以后也走上了教师的岗位
01:22
And so I was always hearing them talk about their lives
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我经常听他们谈论学校里的事情
01:25
and how inspiring they were,
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他们说学校里有很多给人鼓舞的事情在发生
01:27
and they were really sort of the most hard-working
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我认为教师是最勤劳
01:29
and constantly inspiring people I knew.
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同时又经常能给人们带来启迪的人之一
01:31
But I knew so many of the things they were up against,
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此外，我也深知他们面临哪些困难
01:34
so many of the struggles they were dealing with.
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知道他们的种种艰难处境
01:37
And one of them was that so many of my friends
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他们遇到的其中一个难题是
01:40
that were teaching in city schools were having trouble
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让孩子在读写这两方面
01:43
with their students keeping up at grade level,
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的成绩得到提升
01:46
in their reading and writing in particular.
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这个问题在那些市立学校里头表现最突出
01:49
Now, so many of these students had come from households
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那些学校的学生
01:51
where English isn't spoken in the home,
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在家里根本不说英语
01:53
where a lot of them have different special needs,
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此外 他们还有其他各种不同的需要
01:57
learning disabilities. And of course they're working in schools
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包括学习障碍 而他们所在的学校
02:01
which sometimes and very often are under-funded.
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则经常遇到资金不足的难题
02:04
And so they would talk to me about this and say,
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我的朋友跟我提起这事
02:06
"You know, what we really need is just more people,
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他们说：“我们要的是更多的人手
02:08
more bodies, more one-on-one attention,
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对孩子给予更多一对一的关心
02:11
more hours, more expertise from people
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要是我们能找到更多人，更多有经验的人
02:14
that have skills in English and can work with these students one-on-one."
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让他们一对一的给孩子进行辅导，那就好了
02:19
Now, I would say, "Well, why don't you just work with them one-on-one?"
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我就问：那你们干嘛不给孩子来个一对一的辅导？
02:22
And they would say, "Well, we have five classes of 30 to 40 students each.
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他们回答说 我们每个人都要负责五个班，每个班三四十人
02:26
This can lead up to 150, 180, 200 students a day.
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加起来我们每人每天都要应付180到200个学生
02:30
How can we possibly give each student
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我们怎么有可能给予学生
02:33
even one hour a week of one-on-one attention?"
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哪怕是每人一小时的关注？
02:37
You'd have to greatly multiply the workweek and clone the teachers.
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除非你大幅度加大教师的工作量，并克隆出更多的老师
02:41
And so we started talking about this.
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于是我们开始考虑这事情
02:44
And at the same time,
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与此同时
02:46
I thought about this massive group of people I knew:
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我想到了我认识的那一班专业人士
02:48
writers, editors, journalists, graduate students,
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他们是作家、或编辑、或记者、或研究生
02:52
assistant professors, you name it.
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或者教授助理，反正就是搞文字的
02:54
All these people that had sort of flexible daily hours
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这些人的工作时间都很灵活
02:57
and an interest in the English word --
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他们也对英语这门语言怀有浓厚兴趣
02:59
I hope to have an interest in the English language,
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此刻，我也想讲得更有条理
03:04
but I'm not speaking it well right now. (Laughter)
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但我显然是言不由衷了
03:07
I'm trying. That clock has got me.
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我尽可能讲得好一点吧。看 墙上那个钟告诉我要控制好时间！
03:11
But everyone that I knew had an interest in the primacy of the written word
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我认识的每个人都认同文字创作不可替代的意义
03:16
in terms of nurturing a democracy, nurturing an enlightened life.
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民主的孕育、优质生活的形成，皆舍此不可
03:20
And so they had, you know, their time
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而我的这些朋友
03:23
and their interest, but at the same time
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他们有的是时间和兴趣
03:26
there wasn't a conduit that I knew of in my community
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但是，我们那时候还没有一种管道，
03:30
to bring these two communities together.
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把这两种需求结合起来
03:32
So when I moved back to San Francisco, we rented this building.
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其后我们搬回到旧金山，租了这所房子
03:36
And the idea was to put McSweeney's --
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我们想把《麦思维尼季刊》
03:40
McSweeney's Quarterly, that we published twice or three times a year,
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那是一份每年出版两三次的（文学）刊物
03:42
and a few other magazines --
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以及其他杂志，都放到那里
03:44
we were going to move it into an office for the first time.
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我们第一次要搬进办公室啦
03:47
It used to be in my kitchen in Brooklyn.
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在那以前，我的厨房就是办公室
03:49
We were going to move it into an office,
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我们现在要搬到正式的办公室去
03:51
and we were going to actually share space with a tutoring center.
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并且我们打算与辅导中心共用一块场地
03:54
So we thought, "We'll have all these writers and editors and everybody --
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我们那时候想：这里每天都会有那么多的作家、编辑、记者
03:57
sort of a writing community -- coming into the office every day anyway,
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进出这个办公室
04:00
why don't we just open up
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为什么我们不把房子的大门打开
04:02
the front of the building for students to come in there after school,
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让附近的孩子在放学后来得这里
04:04
get extra help on their written homework,
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获得专家的课业辅导
04:06
so you have basically no border between these two communities?"
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以此来拉近两个作家与孩子两个群体间的距离？
04:10
So the idea was that we would be
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我们就想
04:14
working on whatever we're working on,
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我们只管在办公室干自己的事
04:16
at 2:30 p.m. the students flow in and you put down what you're doing,
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下午两点半孩子一放学，你就放下手头的工作
04:18
or you trade, or you work a little bit later or whatever it is.
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或者你找别的时间去干，或者你干晚一点
04:21
You give those hours in the afternoon
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反正在下午
04:23
to the students in the neighborhood.
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你就把时间献给这些住在附近的孩子
04:25
So, we had this place, we rented it,
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于是我们找到这房子，租了下来
04:27
the landlord was all for it. We did this mural,
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房东对此也十分支持。看，那是一副壁画
04:29
that's a Chris Ware mural, that basically explains the entire history
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它以壁画的方式
04:33
of the printed word, in mural form -- it takes a long time
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来讲述印刷术的故事
04:35
to digest and you have to stand in the middle of the road.
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你要花点时间，走到大街上，远远的看，才能看得出其中的含义
04:39
So we rented this space.
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好了，我们就租下了这房子
04:41
And everything was great except the landlord said,
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一切都很顺利，可是房东跟我们说
04:44
"Well, the space is zoned for retail; you have to come up with something.
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这个区域是专门用作销售的
04:46
You've gotta sell something.
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你要搞点什么来卖啊！
04:48
You can't just have a tutoring center."
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单单搞一个辅导中心是不够的！
04:50
So we thought, "Ha ha! Really!"
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我们心想：真的要那么做吗？
04:52
And we couldn't think of anything necessarily to sell,
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那时候我们真的想不到有什么东西值得卖的，
04:55
but we did all the necessary research.
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但我们做了充分的研究
04:57
It used to be a weight room, so there were rubber floors below,
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发现那里原来是一个健身室，地板都是铺橡胶的，
05:00
acoustic tile ceilings and fluorescent lights.
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还有隔音的天花板和荧光灯。
05:03
We took all that down, and we found beautiful wooden floors,
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当我们把这些东西都拆下来以后，我们发现地面是木板做的。
05:06
whitewashed beams and it had the look --
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还能看到粉刷成白色的边，
05:10
while we were renovating this place, somebody said,
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就在我们给那房子进行翻新的时候，有人喊出一句：
05:12
"You know, it really kind of looks like the hull of a ship."
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“大家看，这是不是很像一艘船的内核？”
05:14
And we looked around and somebody else said,
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于是我们仔细的环顾四周，又有人说，
05:18
"Well, you should sell supplies to the working buccaneer." (Laughter)
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“嘿，不如我们就在此地卖海盗用品吧！”
05:21
And so this is what we did. So it made everybody laugh,
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说干就干。正因为这样做能够给人们带来一点笑料
05:26
and we said, "There's a point to that.
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我们不认为那是纯粹的疯子的行为
05:29
Let's sell pirate supplies." This is the pirate supply store.
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就这么决定了要卖海盗用品
05:34
You see, this is sort of a sketch I did on a napkin.
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看，这时我在一块手绢上画的一幅画
05:38
A great carpenter built all this stuff and you see,
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屋子里的东西都是一个木匠搞成的
05:41
we made it look sort of pirate supply-like.
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我们尽可能做成海盗屋的模样
05:44
Here you see planks sold by the foot
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这是按尺寸出售的厚木板
05:47
and we have supplies to combat scurvy.
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抗坏血病的装备
05:50
We have the peg legs there, that are all handmade and fitted to you.
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还有手工制作的海盗假腿
05:55
Up at the top, you see the eyepatch display,
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在顶上你还能看到海盗必备的眼罩
05:58
which is the black column there for everyday use
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那个黑色框里装的是日间使用的眼罩
06:01
for your eyepatch, and then you have the pastel
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而素色和其他颜色的眼罩
06:05
and other colors for stepping out at night --
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通常是在夜间
06:07
special occasions, bar mitzvahs and whatever.
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一些特殊场合（比如酒吧）使用
06:11
So we opened this place. And this is a vat
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于是我们装修完以后就开张了。看，这是一个大盆子
06:17
that we fill with treasures that students dig in.
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我们把一些小礼物放到里面去，孩子来了，就去那里找礼物。
06:19
This is replacement eyes in case you lose one.
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这是一个假眼——假如你眼睛坏了，可以用这个。
06:23
These are some signs that we have all over the place:
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还有这些贴在墙壁上的口号：
06:26
"Practical Joking with Pirates."
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“与海盗开玩笑。”
06:29
While you're reading the sign, we pull a rope behind the counter
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就在你细读这些口号的时候，我们就在背后拉一下绳子
06:32
and eight mop heads drop on your head.
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就马上会有八个拖把头降临到你的头上
06:36
That was just my one thing -- I said we had to have something that drops on people's heads.
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那纯粹是我个人的“发明”，因为我说，总得要有东西摔到人们的头上啊，
06:40
It became mop heads. And this is the fish theater,
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这东西就是拖把头。这个是“鱼缸戏院”，
06:45
which is just a saltwater tank with three seats,
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其实就是有一个金鱼缸，前面摆三张凳子，
06:48
and then right behind it we set up this space,
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就在那后面就是
06:54
which was the tutoring center.
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我们的辅导中心
06:56
So right there is the tutoring center,
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镜头上看到的就是我们的辅导中心，
06:58
and then behind the curtain were the McSweeney's offices,
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背后则是“麦思维尼”的办公室
07:00
where all of us would be working on the magazine and book editing and things like that.
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我们就在那里做书刊的编辑工作
07:03
The kids would come in --
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孩子们会来到这里
07:05
or we thought they would come in. I should back up.
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——或者该这么说：当初我们确实是认为孩子会来到我们那里的
07:07
We set the place up, we opened up, we spent months and months
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现在空间都开放了
07:12
renovating this place.
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我们可是花了几个月时间来翻新这地方啊
07:14
We had tables, chairs, computers, everything.
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那里有书、桌椅和其他的工具
07:17
I went to a dot-com auction at a Holiday Inn in Palo Alto
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我在怕罗奥托市的一家假日酒店通过网上拍卖
07:21
and I bought 11 G4s with a stroke of a paddle.
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买来了11台G4苹果电脑，以及其他的东西。
07:26
Anyway, we bought 'em, we set everything up and then we waited.
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不管怎么说，反正我们是把一切都准备好了 我们就开始等（孩子到来）
07:33
It was started with about 12 of my friends,
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一开始我联系到了十二位朋友，
07:35
people that I had known for years that were writers in the neighborhood.
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他们都住在附近，并且跟我已认识很久。
07:38
And we sat. And at 2:30 p.m. we put a sandwich board out on the front sidewalk
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我们坐在办公室等，到了下午两点半 我们把一块牌放在门口的过道上，
07:42
and it just said, "Free Tutoring for Your English-Related
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上面写着：“免费提供英语及写作辅导——
07:45
and Writing-Related Needs -- Just Come In, It's All Free."
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一切免费，欢迎光临。”
07:48
And we thought, "Oh, they're going to storm the gates,
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开始时我们想：孩子们一定会飞奔到这里来的
07:51
they're gonna love it." And they didn't.
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他们一定会喜欢这地方。可是，我们看不到有孩子过来
07:54
And so we waited, we sat at the tables, we waited and waited.
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我们坐在桌边等啊等，就是看不到孩子的影子
07:57
And everybody was becoming very discouraged
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我们都感到非常沮丧
08:00
because it was weeks and weeks that we waited, really, where nobody came in.
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我们一连等了好多个星期，就是等不到一个孩子
08:03
And then somebody alerted us to the fact
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这时候，有人提醒我们说
08:07
that maybe there was a trust gap,
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也许是因为信任的问题
08:09
because we were operating behind a pirate supply store. (Laughter)
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毕竟我们是一个卖海盗用品的店铺啊
08:18
We never put it together, you know?
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这一点我们倒是没有想到
08:21
And so then, around that time, I persuaded a woman named Nineveh Caligari,
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于是，我找到了妮涅娃·卡里咖丽
08:29
a longtime San Francisco educator --
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她在旧金山当过老师
08:31
she was teaching in Mexico City,
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后来到了新墨西哥洲去教书了
08:33
she had all the experience necessary,
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她经验十足
08:35
knew everything about education,
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懂得教育的门道
08:37
was connected with all the teachers and community members in the neighborhood --
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跟我们那个社区的老师和社会名流也很熟
08:39
I convinced her to move up from Mexico City where she was teaching.
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我劝她搬回旧金山
08:41
She took over as executive director.
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让她担任整个项目的执行主任
08:43
Immediately, she made the inroads with the teachers
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很快的，她就跟当地的老师
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and the parents and the students and everything,
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家长、学生以及相关人士做好了思想工作
08:49
and so suddenly it was actually full every day.
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后来我们的辅导中心就变得天天都人满为患了
08:51
And what we were trying to offer every day
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我们每天都努力为学生提供
08:53
was one-on-one attention.
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一对一的辅导
08:55
The goal was to have a one-to-one ratio with every one of these students.
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我们务求做到给予每一位学生“一对一”的关注
08:57
You know, it's been proven
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因为，研究表明一年当中
08:59
that 35 to 40 hours a year with one-on-one attention,
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假如能够给予学生35－40个小时的“一对一”辅导
09:02
a student can get one grade level higher.
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学生的学习成绩会跃升一个层次
09:04
And so most of these students, English is not spoken in the home.
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来到这里的孩子，他们在家里大多不说英语
09:07
They come there, many times their parents --
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他们的家长有时也会随着他们一同到来
09:09
you can't see it, but there's a church pew
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也许你在画面上看不到，但是我们准备了一张长椅子
09:11
that I bought in a Berkeley auction right there --
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那是我在伯克莱的一次拍卖会上买下来的
09:13
the parents will sometimes watch while their kids are being tutored.
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家长们有时会来看自己的孩子
09:16
So that was the basis of it,
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我们说最根本一点就是
09:18
was one-on-one attention.
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一对一的关注
09:20
And we found ourselves full every day with kids.
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我们每天都被孩子们围着，简直忙不过来
09:23
If you're on Valencia Street within those few blocks at around 2 p.m.,
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假如你是住在瓦伦西亚街附近的话，每到下午2：30
09:27
2:30 p.m., you will get run over, often,
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要是你到街上走
09:30
by the kids and their big backpacks, or whatever, actually running to this space,
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你会迎头撞上背着书包向着辅导中心跑的孩子
09:33
which is very strange, because it's school, in a way.
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这看起来有点不正常，因为那里已经变成“半个学校”了
09:37
But there was something psychological happening there
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因为去那里已经变成一种情感上的需要
09:41
that was just a little bit different.
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这就是我们的辅导中心的独特之处
09:43
And the other thing was, there was no stigma.
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另外，去辅导中心不会带有任何的羞辱成分
09:45
Kids weren't going into the "Center-for-Kids-That-Need-More-Help,"
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因为孩子们不是去上“差等生补习班”
09:48
or something like that. It was 826 Valencia.
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或者是诸如此类的机构。那里只有一个名字：“826瓦伦西亚”
09:51
First of all, it was a pirate supply store, which is insane.
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首先，那里是一家卖海盗用品的店，这一点就够呛了
09:54
And then secondly, there's a publishing company in the back.
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此外，我们在房间的后面还有一个出版机构
09:58
And so our interns were actually working
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所以说，我们的实习生经常也是
10:00
at the same tables very often,
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坐在同样一张桌子边
10:02
and shoulder-to-shoulder, computer-next-to-computer with the students.
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他们的旁边就是参加辅导的孩子
10:05
And so it became a tutoring center --
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所以说，那里不仅仅是辅导中心
10:07
publishing center, is what we called it --
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出版中心
10:09
and a writing center.
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还是一个写作中心
10:11
They go in, and they might be working with a high school student
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他们来到这里以后也许是和高中生一起
10:13
actually working on a novel -- because we had very gifted kids, too.
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完成一部小说——我们有天赋过人的孩子
10:16
So there's no stigma.
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根本不会有羞辱的存在
10:18
They're all working next to each other. It's all a creative endeavor.
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大家坐在一起，那是一种充满创意的环境
10:20
They're seeing adults. They're modeling their behavior.
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孩子们看着身边的大人，也要学习学习
10:22
These adults, they're working in their field.
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而这些大人，虽然他们也在忙着自己的事情
10:25
They can lean over, ask a question of one of these adults
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孩子们可以把头探过来，问大人问题
10:28
and it all sort of feeds on each other.
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这样一来，相互都可以在交流中提炼出价值
10:31
There's a lot of cross-pollination. The only problem,
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大人和孩子之间是可以相互感染的。但是 我们也遇到了一个令我们头痛的问题
10:33
especially for the adults working at McSweeney's
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特别是对于麦思维尼出版机构的员工来说，更是如此
10:36
who hadn't necessarily bought into all of this when they signed up,
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因为他们当初来到这里时并没有想到会遇到今日之种种。
10:39
was that there was just the one bathroom. (Laughter)
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我们那地方只有一个洗手间
10:43
With like 60 kids a day, this is a problem.
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而我们每天都会迎来六十多名学生，这真是一个难题
10:46
But you know, there's something about the kids finishing their homework
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但是，当你看到孩子们完成功课
10:48
in a given day, working one-on-one, getting all this attention --
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每一天都能受到大人们的悉心指导
10:51
they go home, they're finished. They don't stall.
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回到家后，已经不需为功课而烦恼
10:54
They don't do their homework in front of the TV.
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不需坐在电视机前面写作业
10:56
They're allowed to go home at 5:30 p.m., enjoy their family,
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每天下午五点半就可以回家，跟家人共度美好时光
10:59
enjoy other hobbies, get outside, play.
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做自己爱干的事情，或者是到外面去玩
11:02
And that makes a happy family.
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这样一来我们不就有一个和谐的家庭了吗？
11:04
A bunch of happy families in a neighborhood is a happy community.
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社区里的和谐家庭多了，社区不也更和睦吗？
11:07
A bunch of happy communities tied together is a happy city and a happy world.
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只要这样的和睦社区越来越多，我们不是有希望看到一个和平的都市以及和平的世界吗？
11:10
So the key to it all is homework! (Laughter) (Applause)
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所以说，一切的关键在于让孩子完成作业！
11:15
There you have it, you know -- one-on-one attention.
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还有，一对一的专注辅导
11:19
So we started off with about 12 volunteers,
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我们一开始有12名志愿者
11:21
and then we had about 50,
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后来有50人
11:23
and then a couple hundred.
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再后来就增加到了几百人
11:25
And we now have 1,400 volunteers on our roster.
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现在，有1400个志愿者加入了我们
11:28
And we make it incredibly easy to volunteer.
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我们力求让志愿者的参与变得非常简单
11:30
The key thing is, even if you only have a couple of hours a month,
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最重要一点是，哪怕你每个月才能挤出两个小时的空余时间
11:33
those two hours shoulder-to-shoulder,
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那用来做一对一辅导已经足够
11:35
next to one student, concentrated attention,
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你就坐在孩子的旁边
11:37
shining this beam of light on their work,
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给孩子以指点
11:40
on their thoughts and their self-expression,
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让孩子在思想上和表达上变得更优秀
11:43
is going to be absolutely transformative,
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这样的片刻对于孩子而言是具有洗心革面之意义的
11:45
because so many of the students have not had that ever before.
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因为很多孩子从来都没有过这样的体验
11:48
So we said, "Even if you have two hours one Sunday every six months,
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所以我们说，“即便你每半年只有两小时的空余时间
11:52
it doesn't matter. That's going to be enough."
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也不要紧，那已经足够了。
11:54
So that's partly why the tutor corps grew so fast.
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也正是因为这样的安排，我们的志愿者队伍增长很快
11:56
Then we said, "Well, what are we
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后来我们想，
11:58
going to do with the space during the day,
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白天的时间是不是也把辅导中心利用起来
12:00
because it has to be used before 2:30 p.m.?"
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是不是在下午两点半孩子放学之前也把这地方用起来
12:02
So we started bringing in classes during the day.
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所以我们决定要在日间开课
12:04
So every day, there's a field trip where they together create a book --
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每天，都会有孩子来到这里做实习，在大人的指导下写书
12:07
you can see it being typed up above.
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你可以看到屏幕上显示的就是他们写的书
12:09
This is one of the classes getting way too excited about writing.
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这是其中一个班，他们还真的为写作而疯狂呢
12:14
You just point a camera at a class,
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不管什么时候，你拿着一台摄像机对着孩子，总会见到这样的表情
12:16
and it always looks like this.
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并且这样的表情长期如此
12:18
So this is one of the books that they do.
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这是他们做成的一本书
12:21
Notice the title of the book,
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大家注意看那书名
12:23
"The Book That Was Never Checked Out: Titanic."
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《从未被借出的一本书：泰坦尼克》
12:27
And the first line of that book is, "Once there was a book named Cindy
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书的第一句话是这样的：从前，有一本书，书名叫《辛迪》
12:34
that was about the Titanic."
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写的是“泰坦尼克”的故事
12:37
So, meanwhile, there's an adult in the back typing this up,
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此外，我们还有大人坐在后面把这些文字敲到电脑里
12:40
taking it completely seriously, which blows their mind.
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一切都十分认真，简直是把孩子乐坏了
12:43
So then we still had more tutors to use.
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不过，我们的志愿者人数还是很多
12:46
This is a shot of just some of the tutors during one of the events.
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这是某次活动上的照片
12:50
The teachers that we work with --
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我们跟老师紧密合作
12:52
and everything is different to teachers -- they tell us what to do.
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老师们知道该怎么做
12:55
We went in there thinking,
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我们就在一旁听
12:57
"We're ultimately, completely malleable. You're going to tell us.
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我说，“我们的人都是很灵活的，你们要我们怎么做我们就怎么做。”
12:58
The neighborhood's going to tell us, the parents are going to tell us.
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我们也会听家长的意见
13:00
The teachers are going to tell us how we're most useful."
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老师们会告诉我们怎么做才能最大限度的发挥志愿者的作用
13:02
So then they said, "Why don't you come into the schools?
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有一次，他们问：你们是不是也把志愿者派到学校里去啊？
13:05
Because what about the students that wouldn't come to you,
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因为总会有一些孩子没办法来你们这里啊
13:08
necessarily, who don't have really active parents that are bringing them in,
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比如说，有些家长自己不甚积极
13:11
or aren't close enough?" So then we started saying,
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或者是孩子家住得比较远？
13:13
"Well, we've got 1,400 people on our tutor roster.
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于是我们想，我们有1400多位志愿者
13:16
Let's just put out the word." A teacher will say,
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假如有老师跟我们联系说
13:18
"I need 12 tutors for the next five Sundays.
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接下来的五个星期我的课堂需要12名志愿者
13:21
We're working on our college essays. Send them in."
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因为我们要准备大学入学申请的论文。你们把志愿者叫过来吧
13:24
So we put that out on the wire: 1,400 tutors.
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于是我们就把消息发布出去
13:26
Whoever can make it signs up. They go in about a half an hour before the class.
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只要是有空闲的都可以报名。他们只需在课前半个钟到课室就行了
13:29
The teacher tells them what to do,
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老师会告诉他们该做些什么
13:31
how to do it, what their training is, what their project is so far.
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如何做：课堂内容是什么，要达到什么教学目的
13:33
They work under the teacher's guide,
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志愿者在老师的指导之下开展辅导
13:35
and it's all in one big room.
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他们到一个大课室
13:37
And that's actually the brunt of what we do is,
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这现已成为我们做得最大的一件事
13:39
people going straight from their workplace, straight from home,
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志愿者直接由家里、公司来到学校
13:41
straight into the classroom and
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直接走进课堂
13:43
working directly with the students.
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跟学生一起工作
13:45
So then we're able to work with thousands and thousands of more students.
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通过这样的方式，我们能够接触到更多的学生
13:49
Then another school said, "Well, what if we
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接着又有一所学校跟我们说，“我们腾出一间教室给你们用怎么样？”
13:51
just give you a classroom and you can staff it all day?"
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你们可以把志愿者请过来，一整天都用那个教室啊？
13:54
So this is the Everett Middle School Writers' Room,
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这是埃维雷特高中的写作室
13:57
where we decorated it in buccaneer style.
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那里也装点成海盗店的模样
13:59
It's right off the library. And there we serve
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它就在图书馆隔壁，我们可以给529名学生提供写作课程
14:01
all 529 kids in this middle school.
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就是整一个学校的学生
14:03
This is their newspaper, the "Straight-Up News,"
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这是他们做的报纸，叫《有话直说》
14:06
that has an ongoing column from Mayor Gavin Newsom
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上面有来自市长纽绅的专栏
14:09
in both languages -- English and Spanish.
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并且是以英语西班牙语双语写的
14:12
So then one day Isabel Allende wrote to us and said,
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有一天我们收到伊丝贝拉（Isabel Allende）的信，
14:17
"Hey, why don't you assign a book with high school students?
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她说，“你们怎么不给孩子们布置一个写书的任务啊？
14:20
I want them to write about how to achieve peace in a violent world."
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我希望看到孩子是怎么想象一个和平的世界的
14:24
And so we went into Thurgood Marshall High School,
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于是我们来到图耳鼓·马绍尔高中
14:26
which is a school that we had worked with on some other things,
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我们曾经和那个高中有过合作
14:29
and we gave that assignment to the students.
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我们向学生布置了这个作业
14:32
And we said, "Isabel Allende is going to read all your essays at the end.
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我们对孩子说，你们写的每一个字，伊丝贝拉都会去阅读
14:35
She's going to publish them in a book.
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她会把你们的文章做成一本书
14:37
She's going to sponsor the printing of this book in paperback form.
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她还会资助你们出版
14:39
It's going to be available in all the bookstores in the Bay Area
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你们的书将会在旧金山一带的书店上买得到
14:41
and throughout the world, on Amazon and you name it."
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或者是通过亚马逊在线书店，在全球任何一个角落都能购买
14:44
So these kids worked harder
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于是孩子们干的很用劲
14:46
than they've ever worked on anything in their lives,
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他们之前干任何事情都没有这么认真
14:48
because there was that outside audience,
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因为他们知道有一个潜在的读者
14:50
there was Isabel Allende on the other end.
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还有伊丝贝拉
14:53
I think we had about 170 tutors that worked on this book with them
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我记得我们一共有170位志愿者参与了这个项目
14:57
and so this worked out incredibly well.
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这个项目运行非常顺利
14:59
We had a big party at the end.
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最后我们还开了一个庆功会
15:01
This is a book that you can find anywhere. So that led to a series of these.
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现在你在很多地方都能找到这书了。由此也开启了一系列的项目
15:04
You can see Amy Tan sponsored the next one,
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谭恩美就表示要支持下一本书的出版
15:06
"I Might Get Somewhere."
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那书叫《也许我能到达某地》
15:08
And this became an ongoing thing. More and more books.
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于是这成为了一个长期的项目，我们也出了很多书
15:11
Now we're sort of addicted to the book thing.
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甚至是变得有点出书成瘾了
15:14
The kids will work harder than they've ever worked in their life
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孩子们为了出书也会做得非常认真
15:17
if they know it's going to be permanent,
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因为他们知道那将会成为一种具有长久意义的东西。
15:19
know it's going to be on a shelf,
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知道他们写的书会出现在书架上
15:21
know that nobody can diminish what they've thought and said,
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他们所想所写的东西没有人能够磨灭
15:24
that we've honored their words, honored their thoughts
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我们尊重他们的表达以及他们的思想
15:26
with hundreds of hours of five drafts, six drafts --
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他们花了几百个小时进行创作 前后改了五六遍
15:28
all this attention that we give to their thoughts.
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我们一直都在支持孩子们去表达自己的想法
15:30
And once they achieve that level, once they've written at that level,
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而一旦他们的写作能力达到了一定的水平
15:35
they can never go back.
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通常就不会下降了
15:37
It's absolutely transformative.
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这样的辅导对于孩子而言具有洗心革面的意义
15:39
And so then they're all sold in the store. This is near the planks.
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孩子的书摆在店卖 就放在木板旁边
15:41
We sell all the student books.
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这些书全都卖光了
15:43
Where else would you put them, right?
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你还能想象把这些书放在别的地方吗
15:46
So we sell 'em, and then something weird had been happening
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我们把书都卖了 可是发生了奇怪的事情
15:49
with the stores. The store, actually --
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就是我们这个辅导中心旁边的这店
15:52
even though we started out as just a gag -- the store actually made money.
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虽然我们一开始的时候开这店只是为了好玩
15:57
So it was paying the rent.
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但现在它居然也给我们带来利润了 我们就用这个来付房租
16:01
And maybe this is just a San Francisco thing --
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也许这是只有在旧金山才会发生的怪事吧
16:03
I don't know, I don't want to judge.
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我也不知道 也不想评论
16:05
But people would come in --
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但人们确实是会来到这里
16:07
and this was before the pirate movies and everything!
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并且那时候《加勒比海盗》还没有上映呢
16:09
It was making a lot of money. Not a lot of money,
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就因为如此 这店给我们带来了许多收益
16:12
but it was paying the rent, paying a full-time staff member there.
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我们拿那些钱交租 也给这里的一位全职员工发工资
16:14
There's the ocean maps you can see on the left.
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左边那个是海洋地图
16:16
And it became a gateway to the community.
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这里就成为了社区的一个窗口
16:20
People would come in and say, "What the --?
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人们经常进来问
16:22
What is this?" I don't want to swear on the web. (Laughter)
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这里是搞 xx 什么的啊 这里我不说那个字了
16:28
Is that a rule? I don't know.
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这是常规吗 我也不清楚
16:31
They would say, "What is this?"
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他们会问 这是什么？
16:34
And people would come in and learn more about it.
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进来的人们都会学到一些东西
16:38
And then right beyond -- there's usually a little chain there --
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而就在店的旁边
16:41
right beyond, they would see the kids being tutored.
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他们就会看到孩子正在上课
16:43
This is a field trip going on. And so they would be shopping,
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正好有个写作班正在上课 他们就在这里买东西
16:45
and they might be more likely to buy some lard,
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他们更多的是买一些喂鸟的食物
16:47
or millet for their parrot, or, you know, a hook,
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也有买钩子的
16:50
or hook protector for nighttime, all of these things we sell.
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还有买钩子保护器的 反正就是我们这里的古怪的东西
16:53
So the store actually did really well.
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我们可以说 这店办得还挺好的
16:56
But it brought in so many people --
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可是来的人太多了
16:58
teachers, donors, volunteers, everybody --
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教师、慈善人士、志愿者 什么人都有
16:59
because it was street level. It was open to the public.
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因为那正好就在街角 并且是对外开放的
17:01
It wasn't a non-profit buried, you know, on the 30th floor
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而不是像一些公益组织那样 隐藏在市中心30层高的大楼深处
17:03
of some building downtown. It was right in the neighborhood
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它就在社区里
17:06
that it was serving, and it was open all the time to the public.
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就是给社区提供服务的 并且时刻都向社区开放
17:09
So, it became this sort of weird, happy accident.
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这时候 奇怪的事情又发生了
17:12
So all the people I used to know in Brooklyn, they said,
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我过去在布鲁克林认识的那些朋友
17:14
"Well, why don't we have a place like that here?"
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他们也想搞个这样的辅导机构
17:16
And a lot of them had been former educators
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并且他们很多以前就是当教师的
17:18
or would-be educators, so they combined
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或者是马上就要成为教师的
17:20
with a lot of local designers, local writers,
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于是他们联合当地的一些设计师 教师
17:22
and they just took the idea independently
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所有的点子都是他们自己想的
17:24
and they did their own thing.
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一切都是他们自己亲力亲为
17:26
They didn't want to sell pirate supplies.
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不过他们不想卖海盗用品
17:28
They didn't think that that was going to work there.
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因为那边没有这个需求
17:31
So, knowing the crime-fighting community in New York,
365
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但是他们想到了纽约市经常搞反暴力活动
17:34
they opened the Brooklyn Superhero Supply Company.
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于是就开设了布鲁克林超级英雄专卖店
17:37
This is Sam Potts' great design that did this.
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这是山姆·博茨设计的
17:40
And this was to make it look sort of like one of those
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他特意设计成这个模样
17:42
keysmith's shops that has to have every service
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就是仿照五金店 让人感觉里面应有尽有
17:44
they've ever offered, you know, all over there.
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想买什么都能找到
17:47
So they opened this place. Inside, it's like a Costco
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于是这店开张了 里面有如一家百货公司
17:49
for superheroes -- all the supplies in kind of basic form.
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各种简单的英雄装备都有
17:53
These are all handmade.
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并且是手工制作的
17:55
These are all sort of repurposed other products, or whatever.
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大多是废物利用
17:58
All the packaging is done by Sam Potts.
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而所有的包装都是出自山姆·博茨的手
18:00
So then you have the villain containment unit,
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还有这个困兽笼子
18:03
where kids put their parents. You have the office.
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孩子们把自己的父母丢到里面去 还有办公室
18:05
This is a little vault -- you have to put your product in there,
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还有这里 你把商品交给店员
18:09
it goes up an electric lift
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商品就随着升降机上升
18:11
and then the guy behind the counter tells you
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柜台后面那个店员就会告诉你
18:13
that you have to recite the vow of heroism,
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要作一番英雄宣誓
18:16
which you do, if you want to buy anything. And it limits, really, their sales.
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凡是要买东西的 都必须宣誓 这个也多少影响了他们的收入
18:20
Personally, I think it's a problem.
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我个人以为那是一个问题
18:22
Because they have to do it hand on heart and everything.
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毕竟他们做这些商品花了不少心机
18:24
These are some of the products. These are all handmade.
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看这些就是他们的商品 都是手工制作的
18:30
This is a secret identity kit.
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这是秘密身份认证卡片
18:32
If you want to take on the identity of Sharon Boone,
387
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假如你想充当Sharon Boone
18:34
one American female marketing executive
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她是来自于新泽西州霍伯昆的营销经理
18:36
from Hoboken, New Jersey. It's a full dossier
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这里一整个箱子都是
18:38
on everything you would need to know about Sharon Boone.
390
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关于 Sharon Boone的东西
18:40
So, this is the capery where you get fitted for your cape,
391
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这个是披肩的外披
18:45
and then you walk up these three steel-graded steps
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穿上以后 你踏上这个三层的台阶
18:47
and then we turn on three hydraulic fans
393
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我们就拧开风扇开关
18:50
from every side and then you can see the cape in action.
394
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看 那披肩神起来了
18:53
There's nothing worse than, you know,
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不过也许披肩会鼓起来
18:55
getting up there and the cape is bunching up or something like that.
396
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那就最不如意了
19:00
So then, the secret door --
397
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还有这个秘密门
19:03
this is one of the shelves you don't see
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你刚进来的时候不会看到的
19:05
when you walk in, but it slowly opens.
399
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但是进来后你会慢慢发现
19:07
You can see it there in the middle next to all the grappling hooks.
400
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在一大堆钩子中间 你会发现这个门
19:09
It opens and then this is the tutoring center in the back. (Applause)
401
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门的后面就是辅导中心
19:12
So you can see the full effect!
402
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这就是全景
19:18
But this is -- I just want to emphasize --
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这一切 我想强调说
19:21
locally funded, locally built.
404
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都是当地人自己筹款 自己建起来的
19:23
All the designers, all of the builders,
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所有的设计以及建造
19:25
everybody was local, all the time was pro-bono.
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都是靠本地人 并且是秉持公益的原则
19:27
I just came and visited and said, "Yes, you guys are doing great,"
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我刚去过那边 对他们说 你们做得真棒
19:29
or whatever. That was it. You can see the time
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反正就是这么说
19:31
in all five boroughs of New York in the back. (Laughter) (Applause)
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你可以在墙上看到纽约市的五个时区
19:37
So this is the space during tutoring hours.
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在不同的辅导课程之间是有时间间隔的
19:40
It's very busy. Same principles: one-on-one attention,
411
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每天都很忙 他们会坚持一些原则
19:43
complete devotion to the students' work
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如一对一的辅导 全身心的关注孩子的作业
19:45
and a boundless optimism and sort of a possibility
413
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洋溢着乐观情绪
19:48
of creativity and ideas.
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以及创意
19:50
And this switch is flicked in their heads
415
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这个想法
19:52
when they walk through those 18 feet of this bizarre store, right?
416
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就是他们在走访店铺的时候想到的
19:55
So it's school, but it's not school.
417
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那是一个学校 又不是一个学校
19:57
It's clearly not school, even though
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很显然它不是一所学校
19:59
they're working shoulder-to-shoulder on tables, pencils and papers, whatever.
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但是老师和孩子却是肩并肩的在一起学习
20:01
This is one of the students, Khaled Hamdan.
420
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我们有个孩子 叫卡雷德·翰丹
20:03
You can read this quote.
421
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你可以看看这段话
20:05
Addicted to video games and TV. Couldn't concentrate at home.
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我以前沉迷于电子游戏和电视 在家里不能集中精神
20:07
Came in. Got this concentrated attention.
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后来我到了这里 得到了老师的密切关照
20:10
And he couldn't escape it.
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他就再也离不开这里了
20:12
So, soon enough, he was writing. He would finish his homework early --
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不久后 他开始写东西了 他可以很早的完成功课
20:16
got really addicted to finishing his homework early.
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并且非常认真的去做功课
20:18
It's an addictive thing to sort of be done with it,
427
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要知道 做这事情是会变得上瘾的
20:21
and to have it checked, and to know he's going to achieve
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他还可以让老师帮他看作业做得对不对
20:23
the next thing and be prepared for school the next day.
429
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这样他就能更好的准备第二天的课
20:25
So he got hooked on that, and then he started doing other things.
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简直是做作业上瘾了 后来还做了别的事情
20:27
He's now been published in five books.
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现在他已经出了五本书
20:29
He co-wrote a mockumentary about failed superheroes
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还与别人合作写了个搞笑剧本 讲述失败的英雄故事
20:31
called "Super-Has-Beens."
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剧本的名字是“昨日英雄”
20:35
He wrote a series on "Penguin Balboa,"
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他还写了个企鹅勇士系列
20:38
which is a fighting -- a boxing -- penguin.
435
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讲述一种擅长打架的企鹅的故事
20:41
And then he read aloud just a few weeks ago to 500 people at Symphony Space,
436
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5000
几周前 他在交响乐空间那里大声念给500人听
20:46
at a benefit for 826 New York. So he's there every day.
437
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那是“826纽约”给予他的奖励
20:49
He's evangelical about it. He brings his cousins in now.
438
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现在他每天都去 还向别人宣传“826纽约” 也把自己的妹妹带到那里了
20:52
There's four family members that come in every day.
439
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每天一家四口都会来
20:55
So, I'll go through really quickly.
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好 时间不多 我快速的过一遍
20:57
This is L.A., The Echo Park Time Travel Mart:
441
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这是洛杉矶 回声公园时间旅行商店
21:00
"Whenever You Are, We're Already Then." (Laughter)
442
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“不管你在什么时候 我们都在那里。”
21:05
This is sort of a 7-Eleven for time travelers.
443
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就像是专门为时间旅行的人士开的7－11连锁店
21:08
So you see everything: it's exactly as a 7-Eleven would be.
444
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你可以看到所有的东西 就是跟7－11差不多的
21:11
Leeches. Mammoth chunks. They even have their own Slurpee machine:
445
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有水蛭酱 猛犸酱 他们还有个思乐冰机器
21:16
"Out of Order. Come Back Yesterday." (Laughter) (Applause)
446
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“商品卖完。欢迎明天再来。”
21:26
Anyway. So I'm going to jump ahead.
447
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好 我要尽快将完
21:29
These are spaces that are only affiliated with us,
448
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这些都是当地人自己搞的 他们不过是和我们保持一种联系
21:32
doing this same thing: Word St. in Pittsfield, Massachusetts;
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因为我们做的是同样的事情 这是麻省彼兹菲特的“字街”
21:35
Ink Spot in Cincinnati; Youth Speaks, San Francisco, California,
450
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辛辛那提的“墨水点” 圣佛朗西斯科的“青年之声”
21:37
which inspired us; Studio St. Louis in St. Louis;
451
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那里也给我们带来了启发 还有圣路易斯的“圣路易斯工作室”
21:40
Austin Bat Cave in Austin;
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3000
奥斯丁蝙蝠谷
21:43
Fighting Words in Dublin, Ireland, started by Roddy Doyle,
453
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3000
爱尔兰都柏林的“字戏” 那是罗迪·多利办的
21:46
this will be open in April.
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将会在4月正式开放
21:48
Now I'm going to the TED Wish -- is that okay?
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好 现在我要讲我的TED愿望了 可以吗
21:52
All right, I've got a minute. So, the TED Wish:
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好 只剩一分钟 我的TED愿望是
21:55
I wish that you -- you personally and every creative individual
457
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我希望你们 包括你们自身以及一切富于创意的朋友
21:58
and organization you know -- will find a way
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以及你们个人认识的一些组织
22:00
to directly engage with a public school in your area
459
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都能参与到你所在地区的学校教育中去
22:03
and that you'll then tell the story of how you got involved,
460
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然后你来给我们讲述你的故事
22:06
so that within a year we have a thousand examples --
461
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我们希望一年之后能够收集到1000个这样的故事
22:08
a thousand! -- of transformative partnerships.
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没错 就是1000个 1000个给学生带来改变的故事
22:10
Profound leaps forward!
463
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要让学生真的取得进步啊
22:12
And these can be things that maybe you're already doing.
464
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也许你们当中有些人现在已经在做这样的事情
22:14
I know that so many people in this room
465
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我知道这个会议厅里有
22:16
are already doing really interesting things.
466
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很多人 都在做一些有意义的事情
22:18
I know that for a fact. So, tell us these stories and inspire others on the website.
467
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我只是知道有这么一回事 但是我希望 你们给我们讲述你们的故事
22:22
We created a website.
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我们建立了一个网站
22:24
I'm going to switch to "we," and not "I," hope:
469
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好 现在我转为用“我们”而不是“我”
22:27
We hope that the attendees of this conference will usher in
470
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我们希望 参加这个会议的人们
22:30
a new era of participation in our public schools.
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能够引领社区教育走向新的纪元
22:32
We hope that you will take the lead
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我们希望你们能够成为这样一场革新的领跑者
22:34
in partnering your innovative spirit and expertise
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用你们的创意以及专业技能
22:36
with that of innovative educators in your community.
474
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通过当地的教师 为社区教育提供服务
22:39
Always let the teachers lead the way.
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记住 永远都要让教师做决定
22:41
They will tell you how to be useful. I hope that you'll step in and help out.
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他们才知道怎么样的帮助才是最合适的
22:45
There are a million ways.
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可以有数以百万计的方式去做
22:47
You can walk up to your local school
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你可以去到你所在地区的公立学校
22:48
and consult with the teachers. They'll always tell you how to help.
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跟那里的老师讲 他们会告诉你可以做什么
22:51
So, this is with Hot Studio in San Francisco,
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这个是圣佛朗西斯科的热工作室做的
22:54
they did this phenomenal job.
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他们做得很棒
22:55
This website is already up, it's already got a bunch of stories,
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这个网上现已有一些故事
22:58
a lot of ideas. It's called "Once Upon a School,"
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很多不同的想法 它的名字是“从前有一所学校”
23:01
which is a great title, I think.
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我认为那是个很好的标题
23:02
This site will document every story, every project that comes
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每一个上传的故事都会出现在这个网上
23:04
out of this conference and around the world. So you go to the website,
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这些故事将来自你们中间以及世界各地
23:08
you see a bunch of ideas you can be inspired by
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你可以登陆进去看看 看那些故事能否给你一些启发
23:10
and then you add your own projects once you get started.
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然后你一旦决定要参与此间 你就马上 把你的想法写下 贴到那里
23:13
Hot Studio did a great job in a very tight deadline. So, visit the site.
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热工作室在时间紧张的情况下做出这么好的网站 实在不简单 一定要去看看
23:17
If you have any questions, you can ask this guy,
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要是有问题 可以咨询这个家伙
23:20
who's our director of national programs. He'll be on the phone.
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他是我们的全国项目负责人 他会在电话上为你解答疑问的
23:23
You email him, he'll answer any question you possibly want.
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也可以给他写电邮 他也会回复的
23:25
And he'll get you inspired and get you going
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他会给你一点启发 让你知道该怎么做
23:28
and guide you through the process so that you can affect change.
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也会全程关注你的项目进展 帮助你
23:31
And it can be fun! That's the point of this talk --
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并且这一切都可以是好玩的 这就是这个演讲之精髓
23:33
it needn't be sterile. It needn't be bureaucratically untenable.
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不是固定一个模式 也不必怕官僚作风
23:40
You can do and use the skills that you have.
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你完全可以运用你的技能去参与
23:44
The schools need you. The teachers need you.
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学校需要你 老师需要你
23:46
Students and parents need you. They need your actual person:
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学生以及家长也需要你 他们要你站在他们身边
23:49
your physical personhood and your open minds
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也希望得到你在心灵上给予他们指导
23:51
and open ears and boundless compassion,
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只要你用心去倾听 再加上一颗同情心
23:54
sitting next to them, listening and nodding
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坐在孩子身边 给予他们肯定的暗示
23:56
and asking questions for hours at a time.
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每次是一连几个小时 回答孩子的疑问
23:59
Some of these kids just don't plain know how good they are:
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有些孩子其实就是不知道自己能力是多么强啊
24:03
how smart and how much they have to say.
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也不知道其实他们是多么聪明 有那么多话要说
24:06
You can tell them. You can shine that light on them,
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你可以告诉他们 你可以成为他们成长的明灯
24:09
one human interaction at a time. So we hope you'll join us.
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每次就一对一的关怀 希望大家能够一起合作 帮助孩子
24:13
Thank you so much.
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谢谢
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dave Eggers - Author, publisher, education activistWriting is only his day job: Dave Eggers moonlights as a publisher, philanthropist and advocate for students and teachers.
Why you should listen
Dave Eggers' first book, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Since then he's written two more novels and launched an independent publishing house, which publishes books, a quarterly literary journal (McSweeney's), a DVD-based review of short films (Wholpin), a monthly magazine (The Believer) and the Voice of Witness project.
Meanwhile, Eggers has established himself as a philanthropist and teacher-at-large. In 1998 he launched 826 Valencia, a San Francisco-based writing and tutoring lab for young people, which has since opened six more chapters across the United States. He has extended his advocacy of students by supporting their educators, instituting a monthly grant for exceptional Bay Area teachers. His TED Prize wish is for more people to follow him into getting involved in your local school -- and talk about it -- through the website Once Upon a School.
Dave Eggers | Speaker | TED.com