TED2008
Dave Eggers: My wish: Once Upon a School
Dave Eggers的TED Prize 願望:從前有一間學校
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獲得2008年TED Prize 的作家Dave Eggers呼籲每個TED社群的成員親自創意幫助各地公立學校。憑著一股熱誠，Dave Eggers介紹了826瓦倫西亞課輔中心，以及這一對一教學如何持續啟發世界各地的志願者，打造極富創意的寫作教室。
Dave Eggers - Author, publisher, education activist
Writing is only his day job: Dave Eggers moonlights as a publisher, philanthropist and advocate for students and teachers. Full bio
Writing is only his day job: Dave Eggers moonlights as a publisher, philanthropist and advocate for students and teachers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Thank you so much everyone from TED, and Chris and Amy in particular.
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非常感謝TED的每位成員，特別是Chris和Amy。
00:17
I cannot believe I'm here.
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不敢相信我今天能站在這裡。
00:19
I have not slept in weeks.
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我已經好幾個禮拜沒睡了。
00:21
Neil and I were sitting there comparing how little we've slept
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我和Neil坐在那比誰睡得比較少
00:24
in anticipation for this. I've never been so nervous --
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我就有預料到這個演講。我從來沒這麼緊張過－－
00:27
and I do this when I'm nervous, I just realized. (Laughter)
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而剛才發覺，我緊張的時候會做這個動作
00:31
So, I'm going to talk about sort of what we did at this organization
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我要來談826瓦倫西亞的課輔中心
00:35
called 826 Valencia, and then I'm going to talk
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是如何運作的，接著我會講
00:37
about how we all might join in and do similar things.
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大家可以怎樣來共同參與，做類似的事情。
00:40
Back in about 2000, I was living in Brooklyn,
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2000年時，我住在布魯克林，
00:44
I was trying to finish my first book,
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正費盡力氣想完成我的第一本書。
00:47
I was wandering around dazed every day
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我每天都恍恍惚惚的
00:49
because I wrote from 12 a.m. to 5 a.m.
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因為我都從半夜12點寫到隔天五點。
00:51
So I would walk around in a daze during the day.
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到白天我就亂晃、發呆。
00:54
I had no mental acuity to speak of during the day, but I had flexible hours.
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雖然在白天我完全沒有精神，但我工作時間很有彈性。
01:02
In the Brooklyn neighborhood that I lived in, Park Slope,
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在我住的布魯克林Park Slope區
01:05
there are a lot of writers --
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那裡有很多作家－－
01:07
it's like a very high per capita ratio
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作家的比例
01:09
of writers to normal people.
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相當的高。
01:11
Meanwhile, I had grown up around a lot of teachers.
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另一方面，我身邊也有很多人當老師。
01:16
My mom was a teacher, my sister became a teacher
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我媽媽和姐姐都是老師
01:18
and after college so many of my friends went into teaching.
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大學畢業後，很多的朋友也都投入教育。
01:22
And so I was always hearing them talk about their lives
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我常聽他們講他們的教學生涯
01:25
and how inspiring they were,
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他們如何諄諄教誨學子，
01:27
and they were really sort of the most hard-working
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他們真的是我見過最認真
01:29
and constantly inspiring people I knew.
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也最會激勵別人的人了。
01:31
But I knew so many of the things they were up against,
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但我知道很多他們面臨的障礙，
01:34
so many of the struggles they were dealing with.
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還有很多他們要處理的問題。
01:37
And one of them was that so many of my friends
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而其中一個問題
01:40
that were teaching in city schools were having trouble
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讓很多在市中教書的朋友都很頭痛的
01:43
with their students keeping up at grade level,
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是他們的學生
01:46
in their reading and writing in particular.
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在寫作與閱讀上特別落後。
01:49
Now, so many of these students had come from households
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有很多的學生在家裡
01:51
where English isn't spoken in the home,
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是不講英文的
01:53
where a lot of them have different special needs,
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還有很多有學習障礙的學生
01:57
learning disabilities. And of course they're working in schools
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還有就是他們的學校
02:01
which sometimes and very often are under-funded.
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經常經費不足。
02:04
And so they would talk to me about this and say,
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於是他們就來跟我說：
02:06
"You know, what we really need is just more people,
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「其實，我們真正需要的
02:08
more bodies, more one-on-one attention,
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是更多的教師，更多一對一的關注，
02:11
more hours, more expertise from people
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更多的時數，更多會英文的人
02:14
that have skills in English and can work with these students one-on-one."
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來一對一幫助有需要的學生。」
02:19
Now, I would say, "Well, why don't you just work with them one-on-one?"
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我回說：「那你怎麼不就一對一的教他們呢？」
02:22
And they would say, "Well, we have five classes of 30 to 40 students each.
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他們回答說：「我們有五個班級，每個班級有30到40位學生。
02:26
This can lead up to 150, 180, 200 students a day.
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這等於一天要輔導150, 180 到 200位學生。
02:30
How can we possibly give each student
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我們連給一個學生每星期
02:33
even one hour a week of one-on-one attention?"
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一小時個別輔導都沒辦法
02:37
You'd have to greatly multiply the workweek and clone the teachers.
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你必需要大量的增加工作時數和老師。
02:41
And so we started talking about this.
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於是我們開始討論這件事情。
02:44
And at the same time,
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而在討論的時候，
02:46
I thought about this massive group of people I knew:
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我想到我所認識的一大群人，
02:48
writers, editors, journalists, graduate students,
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作家、編輯、記者、研究生、
02:52
assistant professors, you name it.
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助理教授，等等。
02:54
All these people that had sort of flexible daily hours
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這些人都有一些空閒的時間
02:57
and an interest in the English word --
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也都對英文創作有興趣－－
02:59
I hope to have an interest in the English language,
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我希望我也有，
03:04
but I'm not speaking it well right now. (Laughter)
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但我現在英文就說的不大好
03:07
I'm trying. That clock has got me.
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我有在努力，只是那時鐘真是超討厭的。
03:11
But everyone that I knew had an interest in the primacy of the written word
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但我所認識那些人
03:16
in terms of nurturing a democracy, nurturing an enlightened life.
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都對英文寫作很有興趣
03:20
And so they had, you know, their time
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論培育一個民主的國家， 一個開朗的生活。
03:23
and their interest, but at the same time
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他們有時間跟興趣
03:26
there wasn't a conduit that I knew of in my community
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但我的社區裡面，沒有地方
03:30
to bring these two communities together.
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可以把兩個社群聯結在一起。
03:32
So when I moved back to San Francisco, we rented this building.
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所以我搬回到舊金山，租下了這棟樓。
03:36
And the idea was to put McSweeney's --
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我們的想法是把 McSweeney－－
03:40
McSweeney's Quarterly, that we published twice or three times a year,
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我們一年出版兩三次的McSweeney季刊
03:42
and a few other magazines --
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以及一些其他雜誌－－
03:44
we were going to move it into an office for the first time.
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第一次把它移到一間辦公室裡。
03:47
It used to be in my kitchen in Brooklyn.
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這些雜誌以前都堆在我在布魯克林的廚房
03:49
We were going to move it into an office,
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我們打算把它搬到一間辦公室裡，
03:51
and we were going to actually share space with a tutoring center.
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然後留點空間做課輔中心。
03:54
So we thought, "We'll have all these writers and editors and everybody --
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我們就想：「反正這些作家、編輯
03:57
sort of a writing community -- coming into the office every day anyway,
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幾乎天天都要到辦公室來，
04:00
why don't we just open up
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不如就開放一些空間
04:02
the front of the building for students to come in there after school,
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讓學生下課後來這裡，
04:04
get extra help on their written homework,
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做功課、問問題
04:06
so you have basically no border between these two communities?"
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這樣學生與文字工作者們就沒有區隔了。」
04:10
So the idea was that we would be
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所以我們的想法是
04:14
working on whatever we're working on,
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大家個忙個的事，
04:16
at 2:30 p.m. the students flow in and you put down what you're doing,
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直到2:30的時候, 學生進來，大家就放下手邊的工作，
04:18
or you trade, or you work a little bit later or whatever it is.
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或交給別人，或晚點再做之類的。
04:21
You give those hours in the afternoon
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然後把那下午的幾小時留給
04:23
to the students in the neighborhood.
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接受課輔的學生。
04:25
So, we had this place, we rented it,
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於是我們就租了這個地方
04:27
the landlord was all for it. We did this mural,
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房東也很支持我們。牆上招牌的這副畫，
04:29
that's a Chris Ware mural, that basically explains the entire history
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是Chris Ware畫的. 基本上解釋整個
04:33
of the printed word, in mural form -- it takes a long time
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文字印刷的歷史，這畫其實要花一點時間
04:35
to digest and you have to stand in the middle of the road.
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才看得懂，而且還得站在馬路正中央才看得清楚。
04:39
So we rented this space.
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我們就租下了這間房子。
04:41
And everything was great except the landlord said,
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一切都進行的很順利，除了房東說：
04:44
"Well, the space is zoned for retail; you have to come up with something.
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「嗯，這個空間被劃作商業區，你必須要想個辦法
04:46
You've gotta sell something.
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你們必須要賣些東西
04:48
You can't just have a tutoring center."
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不能只開間課輔中心而已。」
04:50
So we thought, "Ha ha! Really!"
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我們想：「喔！真的啊！」
04:52
And we couldn't think of anything necessarily to sell,
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我們想不到可以賣什麼，
04:55
but we did all the necessary research.
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但我們還是做了一些調查。
04:57
It used to be a weight room, so there were rubber floors below,
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這裡之前是間健身房，所以底下鋪有橡膠地板，
05:00
acoustic tile ceilings and fluorescent lights.
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上面有隔音的天花板，日光燈。
05:03
We took all that down, and we found beautiful wooden floors,
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我們把那些都拆了後，發現漂亮的木造地板
05:06
whitewashed beams and it had the look --
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和粉刷成白色的梁柱
05:10
while we were renovating this place, somebody said,
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在我們整修這地方時，有人就說：
05:12
"You know, it really kind of looks like the hull of a ship."
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「有沒有覺得，這樣看起來真像海盜船的船身。」
05:14
And we looked around and somebody else said,
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我們左右看了一下, 然後又有人說：
05:18
"Well, you should sell supplies to the working buccaneer." (Laughter)
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「那你們就該賣海盜商品吧。」
05:21
And so this is what we did. So it made everybody laugh,
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就這樣決定了。大家都覺得很想笑，
05:26
and we said, "There's a point to that.
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我們就想：「這有道理，
05:29
Let's sell pirate supplies." This is the pirate supply store.
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我們就來賣些海盜用品吧。」
05:34
You see, this is sort of a sketch I did on a napkin.
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這就是我在餐巾紙上畫的的海盜用品店草圖。
05:38
A great carpenter built all this stuff and you see,
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一位很厲害的木匠做了這些東西，
05:41
we made it look sort of pirate supply-like.
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我們把這裡裝修的像是供應海盜用品的地方。
05:44
Here you see planks sold by the foot
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我們有按英尺賣的厚木板
05:47
and we have supplies to combat scurvy.
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這些是抗壞血病的用品
05:50
We have the peg legs there, that are all handmade and fitted to you.
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我們這裡還有海盜義肢，都是手工製作的, 十分合腳；
05:55
Up at the top, you see the eyepatch display,
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上面黑色櫃子裡你可以看有是眼罩，
05:58
which is the black column there for everyday use
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黑色那ㄧ行都是日常用品
06:01
for your eyepatch, and then you have the pastel
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有普通海盜眼罩, 然後你還有淡色系的，
06:05
and other colors for stepping out at night --
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別的顏色讓你的可以在晚上出門使用,
06:07
special occasions, bar mitzvahs and whatever.
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特別場合,像是猶太人成人禮, 等等
06:11
So we opened this place. And this is a vat
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所以我們開張了。這桶子裡
06:17
that we fill with treasures that students dig in.
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我們放一大堆寶藏讓學生尋寶；
06:19
This is replacement eyes in case you lose one.
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這是人工義眼以備你不時之需
06:23
These are some signs that we have all over the place:
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然後是我們到處掛的佈告：
06:26
"Practical Joking with Pirates."
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《愚弄海盜的實用笑話》
06:29
While you're reading the sign, we pull a rope behind the counter
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你在看佈告的時候，有人會在櫃檯後面拉繩子
06:32
and eight mop heads drop on your head.
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馬上就有八枝拖把頭掉到你頭上，
06:36
That was just my one thing -- I said we had to have something that drops on people's heads.
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這是我想的, 我就覺得我們必須要有東西掉在別人頭上。
06:40
It became mop heads. And this is the fish theater,
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後來決定是拖把頭. ˊ這是小魚劇院，
06:45
which is just a saltwater tank with three seats,
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其實就是個魚缸和三把椅子，
06:48
and then right behind it we set up this space,
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後方，我們設了一個空間。
06:54
which was the tutoring center.
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就是課輔中心的所在區，
06:56
So right there is the tutoring center,
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所以課輔中心就在那，
06:58
and then behind the curtain were the McSweeney's offices,
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在簾子後面是McSweeney辦公室，
07:00
where all of us would be working on the magazine and book editing and things like that.
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還有編寫雜誌、修訂書籍之類的地方。
07:03
The kids would come in --
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學生們進來－－
07:05
or we thought they would come in. I should back up.
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我們本以為會有學生進來。我應該回頭說明一下。
07:07
We set the place up, we opened up, we spent months and months
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我們佈置到開放，花了好幾個月
07:12
renovating this place.
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整修這個地方。
07:14
We had tables, chairs, computers, everything.
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我們有桌椅、電腦，什麼都有了。
07:17
I went to a dot-com auction at a Holiday Inn in Palo Alto
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我還去Palo Alto假日酒店舉行的電腦拍賣會
07:21
and I bought 11 G4s with a stroke of a paddle.
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買了11台G4蘋果電腦和其他東西。
07:26
Anyway, we bought 'em, we set everything up and then we waited.
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總之，東西買了、佈置好了，然後我們就開始等。
07:33
It was started with about 12 of my friends,
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開始時是和12個朋友，
07:35
people that I had known for years that were writers in the neighborhood.
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一些我已經認識很多年，住在附近的作家
07:38
And we sat. And at 2:30 p.m. we put a sandwich board out on the front sidewalk
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我們就坐著。到2:30我們就放了一塊看板在人行道上
07:42
and it just said, "Free Tutoring for Your English-Related
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寫著「免費輔導你英文和寫作
07:45
and Writing-Related Needs -- Just Come In, It's All Free."
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只管進來，完全免費」。然後我們想：
07:48
And we thought, "Oh, they're going to storm the gates,
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「他們一定會把這裡擠的水洩不通，
07:51
they're gonna love it." And they didn't.
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學生們一定會愛死這裡。」結果沒有。
07:54
And so we waited, we sat at the tables, we waited and waited.
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我們坐在那等了又等
07:57
And everybody was becoming very discouraged
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大家都變的非常洩氣
08:00
because it was weeks and weeks that we waited, really, where nobody came in.
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因為我們等了好幾個禮拜，都沒一個人進來。
08:03
And then somebody alerted us to the fact
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然後就有人提醒了我們
08:07
that maybe there was a trust gap,
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可能有個信心的障礙，
08:09
because we were operating behind a pirate supply store. (Laughter)
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畢竟我們課輔中心是在一間海盜商店裡。
08:18
We never put it together, you know?
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我們從來沒想到這個原因。
08:21
And so then, around that time, I persuaded a woman named Nineveh Caligari,
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後來，在那時後, 我說服了Nineveh Caligari女士
08:29
a longtime San Francisco educator --
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一位舊金山的長期教育家－－
08:31
she was teaching in Mexico City,
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當時她在墨西哥城教書，
08:33
she had all the experience necessary,
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非常有經驗的一位老師
08:35
knew everything about education,
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知道所有和教育有關的事情
08:37
was connected with all the teachers and community members in the neighborhood --
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而且和這裡的教師與社區成員都有來往。
08:39
I convinced her to move up from Mexico City where she was teaching.
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所以我說服她從墨西哥城搬過來，
08:41
She took over as executive director.
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接任成為整個計畫的執行主任。
08:43
Immediately, she made the inroads with the teachers
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很快的，她就跟當地的教師
08:46
and the parents and the students and everything,
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還有家長、學生等等推銷了這個計畫。
08:49
and so suddenly it was actually full every day.
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於是突然間, 課輔中心每天就擠滿了人。
08:51
And what we were trying to offer every day
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而我們每天努力要提供給學生的
08:53
was one-on-one attention.
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就是一對一的關注。
08:55
The goal was to have a one-to-one ratio with every one of these students.
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目標是要讓每個學生都能有一對一的輔導。
08:57
You know, it's been proven
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已經有研究顯示
08:59
that 35 to 40 hours a year with one-on-one attention,
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一年35到40小時一對一的關注，
09:02
a student can get one grade level higher.
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學生的成績能提高一個級分。
09:04
And so most of these students, English is not spoken in the home.
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這大部分的學生家裡並不說英文。
09:07
They come there, many times their parents --
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他們到這裡來，在畫面上看不到－－
09:09
you can't see it, but there's a church pew
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但我們留了一張長椅給家長
09:11
that I bought in a Berkeley auction right there --
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是我在一個柏克萊的拍賣會買來的－－
09:13
the parents will sometimes watch while their kids are being tutored.
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常常有家長來看他們小孩課輔的情形。
09:16
So that was the basis of it,
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所以這個課輔的重心
09:18
was one-on-one attention.
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就是一對一的關注。
09:20
And we found ourselves full every day with kids.
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我們每天都被孩子圍著，幾乎忙不過來。
09:23
If you're on Valencia Street within those few blocks at around 2 p.m.,
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如果你放學時間到瓦倫西亞附近
09:27
2:30 p.m., you will get run over, often,
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你就常常會迎面撞上
09:30
by the kids and their big backpacks, or whatever, actually running to this space,
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往這裡衝的學生，和他們的大書包等的東西。
09:33
which is very strange, because it's school, in a way.
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這就相當奇怪，畢竟這也算是一種學校。
09:37
But there was something psychological happening there
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但因為心理上的因素，讓這裡和學校
09:41
that was just a little bit different.
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就是有些差別。
09:43
And the other thing was, there was no stigma.
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還有一點是，我們這裡沒有任何歧視的味道。
09:45
Kids weren't going into the "Center-for-Kids-That-Need-More-Help,"
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孩子們並不是到一個「為課業落後孩童而設的課輔中心」
09:48
or something like that. It was 826 Valencia.
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而是到826瓦倫西亞。
09:51
First of all, it was a pirate supply store, which is insane.
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再說，這裡是間海盜用品店，真是瘋了。
09:54
And then secondly, there's a publishing company in the back.
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此外，有個出版機構在後面。
09:58
And so our interns were actually working
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所以我們的實習生時常和學生
10:00
at the same tables very often,
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在同一張桌上，
10:02
and shoulder-to-shoulder, computer-next-to-computer with the students.
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肩並肩，電腦並著電腦的工作。
10:05
And so it became a tutoring center --
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這裡不只是間課輔中心－－
10:07
publishing center, is what we called it --
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還是一個出版中心，也可以說是個－－
10:09
and a writing center.
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寫作中心。
10:11
They go in, and they might be working with a high school student
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學生進來，他們可能會坐在一個高中生隔壁
10:13
actually working on a novel -- because we had very gifted kids, too.
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或許正在寫小說－－我們也有許多很有天賦的孩子。
10:16
So there's no stigma.
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總之，沒有任何歧視概念。
10:18
They're all working next to each other. It's all a creative endeavor.
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大家一起工作、寫功課。這是個很有創意的嘗試。
10:20
They're seeing adults. They're modeling their behavior.
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學童看著成人工作。他們學習成人的舉止。
10:22
These adults, they're working in their field.
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而這些成人，雖然在工作，
10:25
They can lean over, ask a question of one of these adults
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仍可以回答學童探頭過來問的問題。
10:28
and it all sort of feeds on each other.
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產生一種互相依賴的感覺。
10:31
There's a lot of cross-pollination. The only problem,
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成員間互動頻繁。唯一的問題，
10:33
especially for the adults working at McSweeney's
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特別對那些 McSweeney's員工
10:36
who hadn't necessarily bought into all of this when they signed up,
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當初計畫時完全沒有想到的，
10:39
was that there was just the one bathroom. (Laughter)
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是這整個地方只有一間廁所。
10:43
With like 60 kids a day, this is a problem.
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加上每天約有60個小孩湧入，真的很頭痛。
10:46
But you know, there's something about the kids finishing their homework
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但看這些學生在時間內
10:48
in a given day, working one-on-one, getting all this attention --
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完成功課，獲得這麼多關注－－
10:51
they go home, they're finished. They don't stall.
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可以輕鬆的回家，因為功課做完，不會累積，
10:54
They don't do their homework in front of the TV.
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他們不會在電視前做作業。
10:56
They're allowed to go home at 5:30 p.m., enjoy their family,
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他們可以在5:30回家，享受他們的家庭生活，
10:59
enjoy other hobbies, get outside, play.
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做他們想作的事，到外面玩。
11:02
And that makes a happy family.
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這就形成一個快樂的家庭。
11:04
A bunch of happy families in a neighborhood is a happy community.
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很多個快樂的家庭，就形成一個快樂的社區。
11:07
A bunch of happy communities tied together is a happy city and a happy world.
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而一大堆快樂的社區在一起，就形成了快樂的城市、快樂的世界。
11:10
So the key to it all is homework! (Laughter) (Applause)
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所以關鍵就是孩子完成功課，不是嗎！
11:15
There you have it, you know -- one-on-one attention.
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你們就可以了解為什麼要一對一的關注了。
11:19
So we started off with about 12 volunteers,
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我們從12個志願者開始，
11:21
and then we had about 50,
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接著我們增加到50個左右。
11:23
and then a couple hundred.
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之後是幾百個。
11:25
And we now have 1,400 volunteers on our roster.
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到現在我們已經有1400個志願者了。
11:28
And we make it incredibly easy to volunteer.
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志願者的工作非常簡單。
11:30
The key thing is, even if you only have a couple of hours a month,
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重點就是，就算你一個月只能有幾小時，
11:33
those two hours shoulder-to-shoulder,
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那幾小時的肩並肩，
11:35
next to one student, concentrated attention,
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坐在一位學童旁邊，關心他，
11:37
shining this beam of light on their work,
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認真的替他們看功課、
11:40
on their thoughts and their self-expression,
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聽他們的想法、自我表達，
11:43
is going to be absolutely transformative,
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就足以改變一個學童了，
11:45
because so many of the students have not had that ever before.
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因為太多小孩從來沒有這樣被重視過。
11:48
So we said, "Even if you have two hours one Sunday every six months,
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所以我們說：「就算你只有兩小時、一個星期天、半年一次，
11:52
it doesn't matter. That's going to be enough."
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都沒有差。這樣就足夠了。」
11:54
So that's partly why the tutor corps grew so fast.
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這也是我們的課輔會成長這麼迅速的部分原因。
11:56
Then we said, "Well, what are we
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然後我們想：「我們在白天
11:58
going to do with the space during the day,
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那些學生還沒來之前，
12:00
because it has to be used before 2:30 p.m.?"
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要怎麼運用這個空間啊？」
12:02
So we started bringing in classes during the day.
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於是我們開始開辦早上的課程。
12:04
So every day, there's a field trip where they together create a book --
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每一天都會有校外教學到這裡來，他們會合作寫書；
12:07
you can see it being typed up above.
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你可以看到故事就在螢幕上。
12:09
This is one of the classes getting way too excited about writing.
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這是其中一個班級對寫作太過興奮。
12:14
You just point a camera at a class,
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只要放台攝影機在教室裡，
12:16
and it always looks like this.
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他們就會很興奮了。
12:18
So this is one of the books that they do.
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這是他們寫的其中一本書。
12:21
Notice the title of the book,
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注意到它的書名：
12:23
"The Book That Was Never Checked Out: Titanic."
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《一本從未被借走的書：鐵達尼號》
12:27
And the first line of that book is, "Once there was a book named Cindy
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第一行：「從前有本書名叫Cindy
12:34
that was about the Titanic."
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寫的是鐵達尼號。」
12:37
So, meanwhile, there's an adult in the back typing this up,
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後面有位成人負責打字，
12:40
taking it completely seriously, which blows their mind.
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非常認真的看待這個活動，孩子們都樂壞了。
12:43
So then we still had more tutors to use.
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我們還有很多志願者。
12:46
This is a shot of just some of the tutors during one of the events.
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這是一場活動的照片，上面的只是一部分的志工。
12:50
The teachers that we work with --
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我們也和老師合作－－
12:52
and everything is different to teachers -- they tell us what to do.
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每個學生對老師而言都是特別的，他們告訴我們該怎麼做。
12:55
We went in there thinking,
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我們就在想：
12:57
"We're ultimately, completely malleable. You're going to tell us.
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「我們不是個死板的機構。你可以告訴我們，
12:58
The neighborhood's going to tell us, the parents are going to tell us.
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家長可以告訴我們，
13:00
The teachers are going to tell us how we're most useful."
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老師可以告訴我們怎麼做最有幫助。」
13:02
So then they said, "Why don't you come into the schools?
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他們就說：「何不直接到學校課輔呢？
13:05
Because what about the students that wouldn't come to you,
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因為還是有很多學生需要幫助
13:08
necessarily, who don't have really active parents that are bringing them in,
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但是他們的家長不夠積極主動，
13:11
or aren't close enough?" So then we started saying,
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或是家住的太遠。」我們就開始想，
13:13
"Well, we've got 1,400 people on our tutor roster.
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「我們有1400個志願者。
13:16
Let's just put out the word." A teacher will say,
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乾脆把名單列出來。」老師有需求，
13:18
"I need 12 tutors for the next five Sundays.
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例如，接下來五個星期天我需要12位課輔
13:21
We're working on our college essays. Send them in."
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幫助我們準備申請大學的論文。
13:24
So we put that out on the wire: 1,400 tutors.
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我們就會把消息放上網：1400位課輔
13:26
Whoever can make it signs up. They go in about a half an hour before the class.
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誰有空誰就去登記。他們會半個小時前就到教室。
13:29
The teacher tells them what to do,
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老師會告訴他們要做什麼，
13:31
how to do it, what their training is, what their project is so far.
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如何做，現在在教什麼，學生的進度到哪裡。
13:33
They work under the teacher's guide,
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他們在老師的領導下指導學生，
13:35
and it's all in one big room.
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全都在同一間教室裡運作。
13:37
And that's actually the brunt of what we do is,
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這也是我們現在主要在進行的方向，
13:39
people going straight from their workplace, straight from home,
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讓志願者從他們的辦公室、他們家裡，
13:41
straight into the classroom and
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直接走進教室
13:43
working directly with the students.
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直接來幫助學生。
13:45
So then we're able to work with thousands and thousands of more students.
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因此我們多接觸了好幾千個學生。
13:49
Then another school said, "Well, what if we
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另一間學校又說：「如果我們能
13:51
just give you a classroom and you can staff it all day?"
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直接騰出一間教室給你們用呢？」
13:54
So this is the Everett Middle School Writers' Room,
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這就成了Everett中學的寫作教室，
13:57
where we decorated it in buccaneer style.
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我們把那裡佈置成海盜的風格。
13:59
It's right off the library. And there we serve
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它就在學校圖書館隔壁。在那裏我們輔導了
14:01
all 529 kids in this middle school.
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這間中學全部529位學生。
14:03
This is their newspaper, the "Straight-Up News,"
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這是他們的報紙《有話就說報》
14:06
that has an ongoing column from Mayor Gavin Newsom
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上面有市長Gavin Newsom的專欄
14:09
in both languages -- English and Spanish.
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以雙語呈現－－英文和西班牙文。
14:12
So then one day Isabel Allende wrote to us and said,
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然後有一天Isabel Allende就寫信給我們說：
14:17
"Hey, why don't you assign a book with high school students?
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「何不派一個寫作任務給那些高中生呢？
14:20
I want them to write about how to achieve peace in a violent world."
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請他們寫：如何在一個暴力的世界中達到和平。」
14:24
And so we went into Thurgood Marshall High School,
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於是我們就到Thurgood Marshall高中，
14:26
which is a school that we had worked with on some other things,
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當時我們和那間學校也有些接觸，
14:29
and we gave that assignment to the students.
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我們就把這項任務交給那些學生。
14:32
And we said, "Isabel Allende is going to read all your essays at the end.
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我們就說：「Isabel Allende將會讀你們每個人的作品。
14:35
She's going to publish them in a book.
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她會把那些作品集合成一本書。
14:37
She's going to sponsor the printing of this book in paperback form.
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還會資助這本書的印刷、出版。
14:39
It's going to be available in all the bookstores in the Bay Area
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這本書可以在舊金山灣區一帶的書店、
14:41
and throughout the world, on Amazon and you name it."
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亞馬遜網路書店等等隨便一家書店都能買到。
14:44
So these kids worked harder
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於是這些孩子用盡他們的全力來寫這本書，
14:46
than they've ever worked on anything in their lives,
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因為一想到有許多人會看他們的書，
14:48
because there was that outside audience,
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又是 Isabel Allende為他們出版，
14:50
there was Isabel Allende on the other end.
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他們於是拼了命的寫書。
14:53
I think we had about 170 tutors that worked on this book with them
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我們大約有170位課輔幫忙他們一起寫書
14:57
and so this worked out incredibly well.
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他們做的極其成功。
14:59
We had a big party at the end.
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最後我們辦了一場派對來慶祝。
15:01
This is a book that you can find anywhere. So that led to a series of these.
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這本書你到哪裡都能找到。後來產生一系列的寫書計畫。
15:04
You can see Amy Tan sponsored the next one,
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你可以看到Amy Tan資助了下一本書，
15:06
"I Might Get Somewhere."
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「或許我能到哪裡」
15:08
And this became an ongoing thing. More and more books.
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然後這件事又持續進行了下去。我們書越寫越多
15:11
Now we're sort of addicted to the book thing.
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簡直是上癮了。
15:14
The kids will work harder than they've ever worked in their life
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孩子們會用盡他們的全力
15:17
if they know it's going to be permanent,
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如果他們知道成就不是短暫的，
15:19
know it's going to be on a shelf,
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知道他們的成就會讓所有人看到，
15:21
know that nobody can diminish what they've thought and said,
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知道沒有人能抹滅他們的想法
15:24
that we've honored their words, honored their thoughts
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知道我們尊重他們寫的每一個字
15:26
with hundreds of hours of five drafts, six drafts --
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改了好幾次的草稿－－
15:28
all this attention that we give to their thoughts.
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我們給予的所有關注。
15:30
And once they achieve that level, once they've written at that level,
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而一但他們達到了那個寫作程度，
15:35
they can never go back.
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他們就不會再退步，
15:37
It's absolutely transformative.
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已經完全被改變了。
15:39
And so then they're all sold in the store. This is near the planks.
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那些書我們在店裡也都有賣。就在厚木板的旁邊，
15:41
We sell all the student books.
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我們賣所有學生寫的書。
15:43
Where else would you put them, right?
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不然你還能放在哪裡呢？
15:46
So we sell 'em, and then something weird had been happening
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所以，我們賣這些書。
15:49
with the stores. The store, actually --
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然後奇怪的事發生了
15:52
even though we started out as just a gag -- the store actually made money.
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雖然我們剛開始只是好玩而已，後來竟然賺錢了
15:57
So it was paying the rent.
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還夠付租金。
16:01
And maybe this is just a San Francisco thing --
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或許這是一種舊金山才有的怪事
16:03
I don't know, I don't want to judge.
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我不知道，我也不想評斷。
16:05
But people would come in --
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但人潮會湧入－－
16:07
and this was before the pirate movies and everything!
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這還是在那些海盜電影和各種影集出現之前呢！
16:09
It was making a lot of money. Not a lot of money,
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海盜商店賺了錢。不是很多，
16:12
but it was paying the rent, paying a full-time staff member there.
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但夠付租金、支付全職員工的薪水。
16:14
There's the ocean maps you can see on the left.
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在左邊可以看到一些海洋地圖。
16:16
And it became a gateway to the community.
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這裡也成了這個社區的一個交流中心，
16:20
People would come in and say, "What the --?
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人們會進來問：「這是什麼@%#？
16:22
What is this?" I don't want to swear on the web. (Laughter)
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這裡是做什麼的？」我不想在網路上講髒話。
16:28
Is that a rule? I don't know.
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有這規定嗎？我不知道。
16:31
They would say, "What is this?"
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總之大家會很好奇
16:34
And people would come in and learn more about it.
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就會進來看看
16:38
And then right beyond -- there's usually a little chain there --
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而在後面－－
16:41
right beyond, they would see the kids being tutored.
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可以看到孩子在後面寫作業
16:43
This is a field trip going on. And so they would be shopping,
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這是一場室外教學。大家就會買點東西，
16:45
and they might be more likely to buy some lard,
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他們多半會買些豬油，
16:47
or millet for their parrot, or, you know, a hook,
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或是一些鸚鵡吃的小米，或海盜鉤子，
16:50
or hook protector for nighttime, all of these things we sell.
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或晚上用的海盜鉤子護套，或是其他我們在賣的東西。
16:53
So the store actually did really well.
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總之，店裡生意真的還不錯。
16:56
But it brought in so many people --
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還吸引了很多人：
16:58
teachers, donors, volunteers, everybody --
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教師、捐款人、志願者、所有人。
16:59
because it was street level. It was open to the public.
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因為它就在街上, 是很公開的。
17:01
It wasn't a non-profit buried, you know, on the 30th floor
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它不像其他非營利機構一樣, 埋在一棟辦公大樓的30樓上
17:03
of some building downtown. It was right in the neighborhood
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或市中心的某棟建築裡。它就在鄰近的社區之中
17:06
that it was serving, and it was open all the time to the public.
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而且全天候開放給所有人
17:09
So, it became this sort of weird, happy accident.
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結果就成了這個令人高興的意外。
17:12
So all the people I used to know in Brooklyn, they said,
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我住在布魯克林的舊識們看了都說：
17:14
"Well, why don't we have a place like that here?"
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「我們何不在這兒也辦一間呢?」
17:16
And a lot of them had been former educators
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當中有許多人之前是從事教育工作
17:18
or would-be educators, so they combined
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或將要從事教育工作的，他們就找來
17:20
with a lot of local designers, local writers,
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當地的設計師以及作家
17:22
and they just took the idea independently
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各自擷取靈感
17:24
and they did their own thing.
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並分頭辦事
17:26
They didn't want to sell pirate supplies.
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他們不想賣海盜商品，
17:28
They didn't think that that was going to work there.
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他們不覺得海盜在他們那裏會銷
17:31
So, knowing the crime-fighting community in New York,
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知道紐約打擊犯罪的文化
17:34
they opened the Brooklyn Superhero Supply Company.
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他們經營了布魯克林超人用品公司。
17:37
This is Sam Potts' great design that did this.
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這是Sam Potts的想法。
17:40
And this was to make it look sort of like one of those
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它們把這裡弄的像間五金行，
17:42
keysmith's shops that has to have every service
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讓你覺得什麼五花八門的東西
17:44
they've ever offered, you know, all over there.
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店裡都有賣。
17:47
So they opened this place. Inside, it's like a Costco
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於是他們就開幕了。裡面就像是間專開給超人的
17:49
for superheroes -- all the supplies in kind of basic form.
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量販店－－所有的商品都以基本的形式呈現。
17:53
These are all handmade.
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完全手工製作。
17:55
These are all sort of repurposed other products, or whatever.
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都是經過重新設計而來的。
17:58
All the packaging is done by Sam Potts.
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所有的包裝都是Sam Potts做的。
18:00
So then you have the villain containment unit,
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裡面有一個惡棍拘押單位，
18:03
where kids put their parents. You have the office.
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是小孩放他們父母的地方。還有個辦事處。
18:05
This is a little vault -- you have to put your product in there,
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這很有趣－－你把要買的東西放到裡面，
18:09
it goes up an electric lift
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它會隨著機器上升
18:11
and then the guy behind the counter tells you
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然後櫃台後面的店員就會叫你
18:13
that you have to recite the vow of heroism,
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作一番英雄的宣誓，
18:16
which you do, if you want to buy anything. And it limits, really, their sales.
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如果你要買東西就得宣誓，這也多少影響了他們的收入。
18:20
Personally, I think it's a problem.
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我個人覺得那會是一個問題。
18:22
Because they have to do it hand on heart and everything.
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因為手還要放在胸口宣誓之類的
18:24
These are some of the products. These are all handmade.
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這是其中的一些商品。完全手工製作。
18:30
This is a secret identity kit.
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這是超人秘密身分套件
18:32
If you want to take on the identity of Sharon Boone,
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如果你想偽裝成Sharon Boone
18:34
one American female marketing executive
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來自紐澤西州霍伯肯市的一位
18:36
from Hoboken, New Jersey. It's a full dossier
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女性市場行銷專員。
18:38
on everything you would need to know about Sharon Boone.
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這包含了所有Sharon Boone的資料。
18:40
So, this is the capery where you get fitted for your cape,
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這是讓你試穿披風的披風區，
18:45
and then you walk up these three steel-graded steps
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你可以在這裡選一件披風，走上台階
18:47
and then we turn on three hydraulic fans
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就會有人幫你開三台風扇
18:50
from every side and then you can see the cape in action.
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你就可以看到披風擺動的樣子了。
18:53
There's nothing worse than, you know,
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沒有比穿著披風走上去
18:55
getting up there and the cape is bunching up or something like that.
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結果披風從中間鼓起來還要更滑稽了。
19:00
So then, the secret door --
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然後，裡面有個祕密門
19:03
this is one of the shelves you don't see
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藏在其中一個櫃子後面
19:05
when you walk in, but it slowly opens.
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剛進去的時候可能不會發現。
19:07
You can see it there in the middle next to all the grappling hooks.
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不過就在一整排鉤子的旁邊，你可以看到這個門。
19:09
It opens and then this is the tutoring center in the back. (Applause)
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把門打開，裡面就是他們課輔的地方。
19:12
So you can see the full effect!
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這就是課輔中心。
19:18
But this is -- I just want to emphasize --
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但這一切，我想強調，
19:21
locally funded, locally built.
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全都是當地人，自己籌錢、建造的
19:23
All the designers, all of the builders,
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所有的設計師、建築師，
19:25
everybody was local, all the time was pro-bono.
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通通都是地方居民，也都秉持著公益的原則。
19:27
I just came and visited and said, "Yes, you guys are doing great,"
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我只是過來看看然後跟他們說：「對，你們做得很好。」
19:29
or whatever. That was it. You can see the time
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之類的，就這樣而已。你可以看到牆上有
19:31
in all five boroughs of New York in the back. (Laughter) (Applause)
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標示紐約時間的五個時鐘。
19:37
So this is the space during tutoring hours.
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這是課輔時的樣子。
19:40
It's very busy. Same principles: one-on-one attention,
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非常的忙碌。同樣的原則：一對一的關注，
19:43
complete devotion to the students' work
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全心輔導學生的功課，
19:45
and a boundless optimism and sort of a possibility
413
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用無比樂觀的態度再加上
19:48
of creativity and ideas.
414
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創意的點子，
19:50
And this switch is flicked in their heads
415
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那些孩子在走進這間怪異的商店時
19:52
when they walk through those 18 feet of this bizarre store, right?
416
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他們的心智不就被轉變了嗎？
19:55
So it's school, but it's not school.
417
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所以這像間學校，但又不是學校。
19:57
It's clearly not school, even though
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它很顯然不是學校，儘管在這裡
19:59
they're working shoulder-to-shoulder on tables, pencils and papers, whatever.
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他們肩並肩，坐在書桌前，擺著鉛筆紙張什麼的。
20:01
This is one of the students, Khaled Hamdan.
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這是其中一位學生，Khaled Hamdan
20:03
You can read this quote.
421
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可以看看他的簡介：
20:05
Addicted to video games and TV. Couldn't concentrate at home.
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沉迷於電視、電玩。在家無法專心。
20:07
Came in. Got this concentrated attention.
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來到這裡。得到輔導的關注。
20:10
And he couldn't escape it.
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他就徹底的改變了。
20:12
So, soon enough, he was writing. He would finish his homework early --
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很快的，他開始寫作。他會提早把功課做完－－
20:16
got really addicted to finishing his homework early.
426
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變得很習慣於提早把功課做完
20:18
It's an addictive thing to sort of be done with it,
427
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這對他來講幾乎是上癮了－－
20:21
and to have it checked, and to know he's going to achieve
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然後讓老師檢查一遍確定他做完了
20:23
the next thing and be prepared for school the next day.
429
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就去準備隔天上課的東西。
20:25
So he got hooked on that, and then he started doing other things.
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總之他就會做完功課，然後他開始去嘗試別的東西。
20:27
He's now been published in five books.
431
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到現在他已經出版了五本書了。
20:29
He co-wrote a mockumentary about failed superheroes
432
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還和別人合寫了一本有關失敗超人們的搞笑劇本
20:31
called "Super-Has-Beens."
433
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叫：《曾經是超人》
20:35
He wrote a series on "Penguin Balboa,"
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他還寫了《Balboa企鵝》的系列書
20:38
which is a fighting -- a boxing -- penguin.
435
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敘述一隻很會打－拳擊－的企鵝。
20:41
And then he read aloud just a few weeks ago to 500 people at Symphony Space,
436
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然後就在幾星期之前他在Symphony Space念給500個人聽，
20:46
at a benefit for 826 New York. So he's there every day.
437
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是“826紐約”辦的慈善活動。現在他天天都到那裡報到。
20:49
He's evangelical about it. He brings his cousins in now.
438
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對那個地方充滿熱忱。他帶了他的表親到那裡。
20:52
There's four family members that come in every day.
439
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已經有四個家族成員每天都到那裡報到了。
20:55
So, I'll go through really quickly.
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時間不多，我要很快的講過去。
20:57
This is L.A., The Echo Park Time Travel Mart:
441
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這是在洛杉磯的《回音公園－時空旅行商店》
21:00
"Whenever You Are, We're Already Then." (Laughter)
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「不論你何時光臨，我們都在此等候。」
21:05
This is sort of a 7-Eleven for time travelers.
443
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這有點像給時空旅客的7–11，
21:08
So you see everything: it's exactly as a 7-Eleven would be.
444
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你可以看到裡面的擺設，完全就像一個7–11的樣子。
21:11
Leeches. Mammoth chunks. They even have their own Slurpee machine:
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水蛭、長毛象牙，他們甚至有自己的思樂冰機器：
21:16
"Out of Order. Come Back Yesterday." (Laughter) (Applause)
446
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「機器故障，請昨天再來。」
21:26
Anyway. So I'm going to jump ahead.
447
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下面的我就不多介紹了。
21:29
These are spaces that are only affiliated with us,
448
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這些都只是和我們有相同的理念，
21:32
doing this same thing: Word St. in Pittsfield, Massachusetts;
449
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做相同的事而已。在Pittsfield麻薩諸塞州的世界大道。
21:35
Ink Spot in Cincinnati; Youth Speaks, San Francisco, California,
450
1283000
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辛辛那提市的墨水站。加州舊金山的青年之聲，
21:37
which inspired us; Studio St. Louis in St. Louis;
451
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給了我們很大的啟發。聖路易斯的寫作教室。
21:40
Austin Bat Cave in Austin;
452
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奧斯丁的奧斯丁蝙蝠窟
21:43
Fighting Words in Dublin, Ireland, started by Roddy Doyle,
453
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3000
愛爾蘭都柏林的戰鬥文字，由Roddy Doyle發起的
21:46
this will be open in April.
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會在四月開幕。
21:48
Now I'm going to the TED Wish -- is that okay?
455
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我現在要進入到TED Wish了－－這樣可以吧
21:52
All right, I've got a minute. So, the TED Wish:
456
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好，我還有一分鐘。我的TED願望：
21:55
I wish that you -- you personally and every creative individual
457
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我希望你們－－你們每一個富有創意的個人
21:58
and organization you know -- will find a way
458
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或組織－－會找到方法
22:00
to directly engage with a public school in your area
459
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直接的幫助你附近的公立學校
22:03
and that you'll then tell the story of how you got involved,
460
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然後向大家分享你的經驗，
22:06
so that within a year we have a thousand examples --
461
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希望我們在一年內能有一千個案例－－
22:08
a thousand! -- of transformative partnerships.
462
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一千個！－－轉變學生的案例
22:10
Profound leaps forward!
463
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讓我們的教育飛躍成長！
22:12
And these can be things that maybe you're already doing.
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而這些也可以是你們早就在做的事情啊。
22:14
I know that so many people in this room
465
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我知道這間房間裡有很多人
22:16
are already doing really interesting things.
466
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都在作一些很有趣事情，
22:18
I know that for a fact. So, tell us these stories and inspire others on the website.
467
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所以，在網站上告訴我們這些故事並啟發其他的人。
22:22
We created a website.
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我們架設了一個網頁，
22:24
I'm going to switch to "we," and not "I," hope:
469
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我要從「我」換成「我們」希望：
22:27
We hope that the attendees of this conference will usher in
470
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我們希望所有聽到這個演講的人
22:30
a new era of participation in our public schools.
471
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能夠引領大眾教育走入一個新的紀元。
22:32
We hope that you will take the lead
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希望你們能夠運用你的專業和創意
22:34
in partnering your innovative spirit and expertise
473
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與你們社區的創新教育者攜手
22:36
with that of innovative educators in your community.
474
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引領這場變革。
22:39
Always let the teachers lead the way.
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讓老師們帶領教學的方向。
22:41
They will tell you how to be useful. I hope that you'll step in and help out.
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他們會告訴你怎樣最有幫助。我希望你們會一起來幫忙
22:45
There are a million ways.
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有幾萬種方式可以幫忙。
22:47
You can walk up to your local school
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你可以到你當地的學校
22:48
and consult with the teachers. They'll always tell you how to help.
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和那裡的老師談。他們會告訴你可以做什麼。
22:51
So, this is with Hot Studio in San Francisco,
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這個網站是Hot Studio做的，
22:54
they did this phenomenal job.
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做的相當不錯。
22:55
This website is already up, it's already got a bunch of stories,
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網站上已經有很多故事
22:58
a lot of ideas. It's called "Once Upon a School,"
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和許多點子了。站名叫：「從前有一間學校」
23:01
which is a great title, I think.
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我覺得取的很好。
23:02
This site will document every story, every project that comes
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這個網站會記錄每個
23:04
out of this conference and around the world. So you go to the website,
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世界各地的成功計畫。瀏覽這個網站
23:08
you see a bunch of ideas you can be inspired by
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就能看到很多點子。你會大受啟發，
23:10
and then you add your own projects once you get started.
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一旦你開始了自己的計畫，也請放到這網站上。
23:13
Hot Studio did a great job in a very tight deadline. So, visit the site.
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Hot Studio在很短時間內做得很不錯，參觀一下吧。
23:17
If you have any questions, you can ask this guy,
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如果你有任何問題，可以問這個人
23:20
who's our director of national programs. He'll be on the phone.
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他是我們國內的負責人。他會在線上
23:23
You email him, he'll answer any question you possibly want.
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或寄信，他會給你回答任何問題。
23:25
And he'll get you inspired and get you going
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或啟發你，讓你繼續做下去
23:28
and guide you through the process so that you can affect change.
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全程指導，好讓你能造成改變。
23:31
And it can be fun! That's the point of this talk --
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會很好玩的！這就是我演講的重點－－
23:33
it needn't be sterile. It needn't be bureaucratically untenable.
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課輔不必嚴肅。不需要像死板的官僚體系一樣。
23:40
You can do and use the skills that you have.
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你可以發揮你的專長幫助學生。
23:44
The schools need you. The teachers need you.
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學校需要你，老師需要你
23:46
Students and parents need you. They need your actual person:
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學生和家長需要你。他們需要你這個幫手
23:49
your physical personhood and your open minds
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身體力行，以你開放的心靈
23:51
and open ears and boundless compassion,
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專注的聆聽和無窮的熱情，
23:54
sitting next to them, listening and nodding
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坐在他們身旁，邊點頭邊聆聽
23:56
and asking questions for hours at a time.
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指導他們個幾小時。
23:59
Some of these kids just don't plain know how good they are:
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有些學生就是不知道他們有多棒
24:03
how smart and how much they have to say.
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多麼聰明和多麼有想法。
24:06
You can tell them. You can shine that light on them,
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你可以鼓勵他們。你可以把光線照耀在他們身上，
24:09
one human interaction at a time. So we hope you'll join us.
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一次專注在一位孩子上。希望你們能加入我們
24:13
Thank you so much.
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謝謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dave Eggers - Author, publisher, education activistWriting is only his day job: Dave Eggers moonlights as a publisher, philanthropist and advocate for students and teachers.
Why you should listen
Dave Eggers' first book, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Since then he's written two more novels and launched an independent publishing house, which publishes books, a quarterly literary journal (McSweeney's), a DVD-based review of short films (Wholpin), a monthly magazine (The Believer) and the Voice of Witness project.
Meanwhile, Eggers has established himself as a philanthropist and teacher-at-large. In 1998 he launched 826 Valencia, a San Francisco-based writing and tutoring lab for young people, which has since opened six more chapters across the United States. He has extended his advocacy of students by supporting their educators, instituting a monthly grant for exceptional Bay Area teachers. His TED Prize wish is for more people to follow him into getting involved in your local school -- and talk about it -- through the website Once Upon a School.
Dave Eggers | Speaker | TED.com