TEDGlobal 2007
Jane Goodall: How humans and animals can live together
珍·古道尔帮助人与动物共存共处
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研究黑猩猩的传奇人物珍·古道尔讲述有关TACARE计划以及她别的社区计划，借助这些计划，在日益繁荣的非洲城镇，人与濒危动物可以和睦相处。
Jane Goodall - Primatologist; environmentalist
Jane Goodall, dubbed by her biographer "the woman who redefined man," has changed our perceptions of primates, people, and the connection between the two. Over the past 45 years, Goodall herself has also evolved -- from steadfast scientist to passionate conservationist and humanitarian. Full bio
Jane Goodall, dubbed by her biographer "the woman who redefined man," has changed our perceptions of primates, people, and the connection between the two. Over the past 45 years, Goodall herself has also evolved -- from steadfast scientist to passionate conservationist and humanitarian. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:19
Good afternoon, good evening, whatever.
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下午好，晚上好（，怎么说都行。）
00:23
We can go, jambo, guten Abend, bonsoir,
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或者我们也可以说，jambo，guten abend，bonsoir，
00:28
but we can also ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh, ooh.
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又或者……
00:38
That is the call that chimpanzees make
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黑猩猩在晚上睡觉前
00:41
before they go to sleep in the evening.
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就是这么打招呼的
00:43
You hear it going from one side of the valley to the other,
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你听见这种叫声从山谷这头传到那头
00:47
from one group of nests to the next.
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从一群猩猩窝传到另一群猩猩窝
00:51
And I want to pick up with my talk this evening
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我今晚的演讲想
00:54
from where Zeray left off yesterday.
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从（考古学家）泽雷·阿兰希格昨天留下的话题开始
00:59
He was talking about this amazing, three-year-old Australopithecine child, Selam.
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他谈的是这个令人惊异的灵长类幼仔，叫Selam，三岁大
01:05
And we've also been hearing about the history, the family tree, of mankind
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我们还听了通过测绘DNA基因所得的
01:12
through DNA genetic profiling.
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人类的历史和族谱
01:15
And it was a paleontologist, the late Louis Leakey,
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已故古生物学家路易斯·李奇
01:20
who actually set me on the path for studying chimpanzees.
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是他把我引上研究黑猩猩之路的
01:24
And it was pretty extraordinary, way back then.
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回顾过去，这条路实在不同寻常
01:27
It's kind of commonplace now,
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现在看来比较普通
01:29
but his argument was -- because he'd been searching
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可他的论据是，因为他曾寻找
01:32
for the fossilized remains of early humans in Africa.
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在非洲的早期人类化石遗迹——
01:37
And you can tell an awful lot
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这些化石上，从附属肌肉的形状上，
01:40
about what those beings looked like from the fossils,
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对于那些早期人类的模样像什么
01:43
from the shape of the muscle attachments,
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都能给研究者很多启示
01:46
something about the way they lived
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从由他们身边发现的原始工具上
01:48
from the various artifacts found with them.
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可以看出一些关于他们生活方式的端倪
01:51
But what about how they behaved? That's what he wanted to know.
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但他们的行为表现是什么样的？这是他想知道的
01:55
And of course, behavior doesn't fossilize.
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当然，行为没有在化石里体现
01:57
He argued -- and it's now a fairly common theory --
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他辨称(这个理论现在看来稀松平常)
02:00
that if we found behavior patterns similar or the same
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如果我们发现当代人类在行为模式上与
02:07
in our closest living relatives, the great apes, and humans today,
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和其最相近的物种巨猿相似或者相同
02:11
then maybe those behaviors were present in the ape-like,
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那么或许这些行为在大概七百万年前
02:15
human-like ancestor some seven million years ago.
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在似猿似人的祖先身上存在过
02:19
And therefore, perhaps we had brought those characteristics with us
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因此，也许我们身上的那些行为特征
02:23
from that ancient, ancient past.
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是从远古时代传下来的
02:25
Well, if you look in textbooks today that deal with human evolution,
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噢，如果你看一下现在讲人类进化的书
02:31
you very often find people speculating about how early humans
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就会常常发现，人们是基于黑猩猩的行为表现
02:35
may have behaved, based on the behavior of chimpanzees.
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来思考早期人类可能的行为方式
02:39
They are more like us than any other living creature,
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与别的存活动物相比，他们更像我们
02:43
and we've heard about that during this TED Conference.
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这一点我在这次TED会议中听到过
02:46
So it remains for me to comment on the ways in which chimpanzees
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所以我今天要讲的
02:51
are so like us, in certain aspects of their behavior.
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就是黑猩猩是在其行为方式的与人类的相似点
02:57
Every chimpanzee has his or her own personality.
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每个黑猩猩都有他/她自己的个性
03:00
Of course, I gave them names. They can live to be 60 years or more,
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当然，我给他们起名字。他们能活60岁或者更长
03:04
although we think most of them probably don't make it to 60 in the wild.
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尽管我们觉得他们中的绝大多数在野生环境活不到60岁
03:09
Mr. Wurzel. The female has her first baby when she's 11 or 12.
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这是Wurzel猩猩。母猩猩在11或12岁时生第一个孩子
03:15
Thereafter, she has one baby only every five or six years,
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之后每五年或每六年她只生一仔
03:19
a long period of childhood dependency when the child is nursing,
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这么长的童年期内小猩猩很有依赖性，需要照料
03:24
sleeping with the mother at night, and riding on her back.
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晚上和妈妈一起睡，骑在她背上
03:28
And we believe that this long period of childhood
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我们认为这么长的童年期
03:31
is important for chimpanzees, just as it is for us, in relation to learning.
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对黑猩猩很重要，这牵涉到学习，就像童年之于我们一样
03:36
As the brain becomes ever more complex
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在各种不同形态动物的进化过程中
03:38
during evolution in different forms of animals,
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由于大脑变得日益复杂
03:42
so we find that learning plays an ever more important role
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我们发现，在一种个体的生命历程中
03:45
in an individual's life history.
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学习的作用日益重要
03:48
And young chimpanzees spend a lot of time watching what their elders do.
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年纪小的黑猩猩花很长时间观察它们的长辈做什么
03:52
We know now that they're capable of imitating behaviors that they see.
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我们现在知道，他们能模仿所见的行为表现
03:58
And we believe that it's in this way
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我们认为正是由此
04:01
that the different tool-using behaviors -- that have now been seen
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从那些在非洲研究的所有不同黑猩猩种群身上
04:04
in all the different chimpanzee populations studied in Africa --
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看到的使用工具的不同行为——
04:08
how these are passed from one generation to the next,
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这些行为是怎样通过观察、模仿和实践
04:11
through observation, imitation and practice,
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从一代传到另一代的
04:14
so that we can describe these tool-using behaviors as primitive culture.
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所以，我们可以把这些使用工具的行为说成是原始文化
04:19
Chimpanzees don't have a spoken language. We've talked about that.
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黑猩猩没有语言，我们以前提到过
04:23
They do have a very rich repertoire of postures and gestures,
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但他们确实有一整套非常丰富的姿态和动作
04:27
many of which are similar, or even identical, to ours
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其中许多与我们的很像，甚至一模一样
04:31
and formed in the same context. Greeting chimpanzees embracing.
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并且具有相同涵义 黑猩猩打招呼时会拥抱
04:35
They also kiss, hold hands, pat one another on the back.
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他们也亲吻、牵手、一个拍另一个的背
04:38
And they swagger and they throw rocks.
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他们也虚张声势地恐吓，或者仍石头
04:42
In chimpanzee society, we find many, many examples of compassion,
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在黑猩猩的社会里，我们发现很多很多
04:48
precursors to love and true altruism.
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怜悯、示爱以及真正利他的例子
04:51
Unfortunately, they, like us, have a dark side to their nature.
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和我们一样，不幸的是，他们也有天性中阴暗的一面
04:55
They're capable of extreme brutality, even a kind of primitive war.
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他们可以极度凶残，甚至像一种原始战争
05:00
And these really aggressive behaviors, for the most part,
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多数情况下，这些极具攻击性的行为
05:03
are directed against individuals of the neighboring social group.
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是直接针对相邻社群中个体的
05:07
They are very territorially aggressive.
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这些攻击大多是为了争夺地盘
05:12
Chimpanzees, I believe, more than any other living creature,
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我觉得，与别的生物相比
05:16
have helped us to understand that, after all, there is no sharp line
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黑猩猩更有助于我们认识到，人类和
05:20
between humans and the rest of the animal kingdom.
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动物王国里的其他成员终归并无明显界限
05:23
It's a very blurry line, and it's getting more blurry all the time
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这种界限非常模糊，并且随着我们更多的观察
05:27
as we make even more observations.
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会一直更加模糊下去
05:30
The study that I began in 1960 is still continuing to this day.
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我1960年开始的研究一直持续到现在
05:35
And these chimpanzees, living their complex social lives in the wild,
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这些黑猩猩在野生环境过着复杂的社会生活
05:40
have helped -- more than anything else --
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最重要的是，他们帮助
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to make us realize we are part of, and not separated from,
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我们认识到，我们与形形色色的动物在地球上共处，我们是其中一部分
05:47
the amazing animals with whom we share the planet.
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不能与这些动物分割开来
05:50
So it's pretty sad to find that chimpanzees,
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所以，发现黑猩猩和
05:53
like so many other creatures around the world, are losing their habitats.
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世界上其他众多生物一样失去聚居地，是很让人难过的
05:57
This is just one photograph from the air,
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这只是一张从空中拍的照片
06:00
and it shows you the forested highlands of Gombe.
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你可以看到森林覆盖的Gombe高地
06:04
And it was when I flew over the whole area, about 16 years ago,
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16年前，我走遍整个地区
06:10
and realized that outside the park, this forest,
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意识到在公园之外，这片森林
06:13
which in 1960 had stretched almost unbroken
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在1960年时沿着Tanganyika湖东岸
06:16
along the eastern shore of Lake Tanganyika,
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绵延不绝
06:19
which is where the tiny, 30-square-mile Gombe National Park lies,
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小巧的、面积只有30平方英里的Gombe国家公园就坐落在这里
06:24
that a question came to my mind.
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那时一个问题进入我脑海——
06:27
"How can we even try to save these famous chimpanzees,
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“我们怎么能进而去试图拯救这些出了名的黑猩猩，
06:31
when the people living around the National Park are struggling to survive?"
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而住在国家公园周围的人却在为生存而挣扎？”
06:35
More people are living there than the land could possibly support.
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那里人口众多，非单薄的土地所能承受
06:39
The numbers increased by refugees pouring in from Burundi
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随着来自布隆迪的难民涌入
06:43
and over the lake from Congo.
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来自刚果的人跨湖过来，住在那里的人数增加着
06:45
And very poor people -- they couldn't afford to buy food from elsewhere.
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那些人非常穷——无力从别的地方买吃的
06:52
This led to a program, which we call TACARE.
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一个计划由此产生，我们称之为“关爱”(Take Care)
06:55
It's a very holistic way of improving the lives
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它用整体化的方式来改善
07:00
of the people living in the villages around the park.
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住在湖周围村子里的人的生活
07:03
It started small with 12 villages. It's now in 24.
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刚开始是小规模的，有12个村子。现在是24个
07:07
There isn't time to go into it, but it's including things like tree nurseries,
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这里没有时间去深入介绍，不过该计划包括象林木苗圃等事情，
07:12
methods of farming most suitable to this now very degraded,
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以及适于在山上这片目前严重剥蚀
07:16
almost desert-like land up in these mountains.
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几近沙漠的土地上耕种的方法
07:19
Ways of controlling, preventing soil erosion.
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控制、防止土地侵蚀的方法
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Ways of reclaiming overused farmland,
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收回过度使用的农田的方法
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so that within two years they can again be productive.
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以便两年内这些农田可以重新有收成
07:29
Working to help the villagers obtain fresh water from wells.
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帮助村民从井里取得淡水
07:35
Perhaps build some schoolrooms.
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或许建一些校舍
07:38
Most important of all, I believe,
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我认为最重要的
07:41
is working with small groups of women,
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是与小规模群体妇女合作
07:45
providing them with opportunities for micro-credit loans.
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给她们提供微型信用贷款的机会
07:49
And we've got, as is the case around the world,
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全世界的情况一样，在所有贷款中我们
07:52
about 95 percent of all loans returned.
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收回了大约95%
07:56
Empowering women, working with education,
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使妇女能够受教育后工作
08:01
providing scholarships for girls so they can finish secondary school,
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给女孩子提供奖学金，以便让她们完成中学学业
08:07
in the clear understanding that, all around the world,
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很清楚，世界各地
08:10
as women's education improves, family size drops.
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妇女的教育程度提高了，家庭人口数目就会下降
08:15
We provide information about family planning and about HIV/AIDS.
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我们提供计划生育和艾滋病及其病毒(HIV/AIDS)方面的信息
08:20
And as a result of this program,
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这项计划实施之后
08:24
something's happening for conservation.
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自然保护方面发生了一些事情
08:26
What's happening for conservation is that the farmers living in these 24 villages,
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自然保护方面发生的事情是，住在这24个村子里的农民
08:32
instead of looking on us as a bunch of white people
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并没有把我们看成是
08:35
coming to study a whole bunch of monkeys --
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跑来研究整个一伙儿猴子的一伙儿白人
08:38
and by the way, many of the staff are now Tanzanian --
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顺便说一下，现在很多工作人员是坦桑尼亚人
08:42
but when we began the TACARE program,
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而当我们开始“关爱”计划时
08:45
it was a Tanzanian team going into the villages.
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进入村子的是一个坦桑尼亚小组
08:48
It was a Tanzanian team talking to the villagers,
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和村民交谈的是一个坦桑尼亚小组
08:51
asking what they were interested in.
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询问村民对什么感兴趣
08:53
Were they interested in conservation? Absolutely not.
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他们对自然保护感兴趣吗？一点也不
08:56
They were interested in health; they were interested in education.
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他们对健康感兴趣，他们对教育感兴趣
08:59
And as time went on, and as their situation began to improve,
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随着时间推移，随着他们境况开始改善
09:06
they began to understand ever more about the need for conservation.
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他们开始不断理解更多有关自然保护的必要性
09:11
They began to understand
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他们开始理解
09:13
that as the upper levels of the hills were denuded of trees,
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当山上较高位置的数被砍光以后
09:16
so you've got this terrible soil erosion and mudslides.
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可怕的土地侵蚀和泥流就来了
09:20
Today, we are developing what we call the Greater Gombe Ecosystem.
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现在，我们正在开发所说的大Gombe生态系统
09:25
This is an area way outside the National Park,
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这是一片国家公园以外的地区
09:28
stretching out into all these very degraded lands.
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绵延包括了所有这些各种各样剥蚀了的土地
09:32
And as these villages have a better standard of life,
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由于这些村子生活标准高一些
09:36
they are actually agreeing to put
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他们实际上同意
09:38
between 10 percent and 20 percent of their land in the highlands aside,
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把他们土地的10-20%放到高地一侧
09:43
so that once again, as the trees grow back,
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以便当树长回来时
09:47
the chimpanzees will have leafy corridors
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黑猩猩会再次拥有绿色走廊
09:49
through which they can travel to interact --
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它们可以借此穿行以便——
09:52
as they must for genetic viability --
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这是他们基因繁殖所必需的——
09:55
with other remnant groups outside the National Park.
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与国家公园外其它残余群体互动
09:58
So TACARE is a success.
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所以“关爱”计划成功了
10:02
We're replicating it in other parts of Africa,
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我们在非洲其它地区复制这项计划
10:05
around other wilderness areas
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在其它面临
10:07
which are faced with extreme population pressure.
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极端人口压力的荒野之地
10:10
The problems in Africa, however, as we've been discussing
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但是，就像我们在TED开始的所有这几天一直讨论的
10:15
for the whole of these first couple of days of TED,
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非洲的问题
10:19
are major problems.
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是主要问题
10:22
There is a great deal of poverty.
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那里非常贫穷
10:24
And when you get large numbers of people
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有大量的人
10:28
living in land that is not that fertile,
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生活在不那么肥沃的土地上
10:32
particularly when you cut down trees,
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尤其当你把树砍倒
10:34
and you leave the soil open to the wind for erosion,
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使得土壤裸露，任风侵蚀
10:39
as desperate populations cut down more and more trees,
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同时处于绝望的人砍倒越来越多的树
10:42
so that they can try and grow food for themselves and their families,
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以便为他们自己和家人努力培育粮食
10:46
what's going to happen? Something's got to give.
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这样会发生什么？有些东西会开始牺牲让步
10:49
And the other problems -- in not only Africa,
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还有别的问题——不仅在非洲
10:55
but the rest of the developing world and, indeed, everywhere --
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而且是其它所有发展中世界，甚至是地球上所有地方
10:59
what are we doing to our planet?
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我们在对我们的地球做什么呢？
11:02
You know, the famous scientist, E. O. Wilson
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著名科学家，E.O. 威尔逊
11:05
said that if every person on this planet
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说过，如果地球上每个人
11:08
attains the standard of living of the average European or American,
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的生活标准都达到欧美平均水平
11:12
we need three new planets.
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我们就再需要三个地球
11:14
Today, they are saying four. But we don't have them. We've got one.
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今天他们说是四个。可我们没那些个，我们只有一个
11:20
And what's happened? I mean, the question here is, here we are,
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发生了什么？我是说，这里的问题是，我们在这里
11:26
arguably the most intelligent being that's ever walked planet Earth,
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或许可称为地球上有史以来最有智慧的生命
11:31
with this extraordinary brain,
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有着非凡的大脑
11:33
capable of the kind of technology
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能够运用这些TED会议上
11:36
that is so well illustrated by these TED Conferences,
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阐述备至的这些技术
11:40
and yet we're destroying the only home we have.
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但我们却在毁坏着这个惟一的家园
11:44
The indigenous people around the world,
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全球各地的原住民
11:47
before they made a major decision,
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在做重要决定前
11:49
used to sit around and ask themselves,
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都会坐到一起，然后问
11:52
"How does this decision affect our people seven generations ahead?"
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“这决定如何影响我们接下来的七代人？”
11:56
Today, major decisions -- and I'm not particularly talking about Africa here,
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今天，重要决定——我这里不特别谈非洲
12:01
but the developed world --
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而是发达世界——
12:03
major decisions involving millions of dollars,
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牵涉几百万美元以及以及几百万人的重要决定
12:06
and millions of people, are often based on,
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却只是问
12:08
"How will this affect the next shareholders' meeting?"
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“这会如何影响下次股东大会？”
12:11
And these decisions affect Africa.
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这些决定却影响非洲
12:13
As I began traveling around Africa
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当我开始游历非洲
12:15
talking about the problems faced by chimpanzees and their vanishing forests,
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谈论黑猩猩面临的问题及其日益消逝的森林
12:20
I realized more and more how so many of Africa's problems
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我愈来愈意识到如此之多的非洲问题
12:23
could be laid at the door of previous colonial exploitation.
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是如何与以前的殖民开发有关的
12:28
So I began traveling outside Africa, talking in Europe,
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因此我开始在非洲之外旅行，在欧洲演讲
12:31
talking in the United States, going to Asia.
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在美国演讲，去亚洲
12:34
And everywhere there were these terrible problems.
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每一地都有这些糟糕的问题
12:37
And you know the kind I'm talking about. I'm talking about pollution.
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你知道我说的是什么问题，这包括污染问题
12:41
The air that we breathe that often poisons us.
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我们呼吸的空气经常毒害我们
12:44
The earth is poisoning our foods.
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泥土毒害我们的食物
12:46
The water -- water is perhaps one of the most crucial issues
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水——水也许是本世纪我们要面对的
12:50
that we're going to face in this century --
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最要紧问题之一
12:53
and everywhere water is being polluted by agricultural,
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每一地，水都被农业、工业、家用
12:56
industrial and household chemicals
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化学制品所污染
12:59
that still are being sprayed around the world,
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全世界都还在喷这些制品
13:02
seemingly with the inability to profit from past experience.
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似乎没办法从过去的经验获利
13:07
The mangroves are being cut down;
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红树被砍倒
13:10
the effects of things like the tsunami get worse.
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海啸等影响日益加重
13:13
We've talked about the soil erosion.
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我们谈过土壤侵蚀
13:15
We have the reckless burning of fossil fuels
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我们不计后果地烧过化石燃料
13:19
along with other greenhouse gasses, so called,
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连同其它所谓温室气体
13:22
leading to climate change.
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导致了气候变化
13:24
Finally, all around the world, people have begun to believe
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终于，全世界的人都开始相信
13:28
that there is something going on very wrong with our climate.
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有什么事发生了，我们的气候不对劲儿了
13:31
All around the world climates are mixed up.
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全球气候互相牵连
13:34
And it's the poor people who are affected worse.
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最受不利影响的是穷人
13:37
It's Africa that already is affected.
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已经受影响的是非洲
13:40
In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the droughts are so much worse.
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在次撒哈拉非洲的许多地区，干旱非常严重
13:44
And when the rain does come, it so often leads to flooding
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雨终于下起来时，又常常导致洪水
13:47
and added distress, and the cycle of poverty and hunger and disease.
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及更多的不幸，贫穷、饥饿和疾病周而复始
13:54
And the numbers of people living in an area that the land cannot support,
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还有很多人住在土地供养不起的地区
14:00
who are too poor to buy food,
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太穷，买不起食物
14:03
who can't move away because the whole land is degraded.
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因为全部土地都剥蚀了，所以也没法离开
14:06
And so you get desertification -- creeping, creeping, creeping --
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于是有了沙漠化——一点点漫延，漫延，漫延——
14:12
as the last of the trees are cut down.
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同时最后的树也被砍倒
14:14
And this kind of thing is not just in Africa. It's all over the world.
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这种事情不光在非洲 遍布全球
14:20
So it wasn't surprising to me
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所以我不觉得奇怪
14:24
that as I was traveling around the world
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当我在世界各地旅行时
14:26
I met so many young people who seemed to have lost hope.
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碰到那么多年轻人，他们看上去失去了希望
14:30
We seem to have lost wisdom, the wisdom of the indigenous people.
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我们似乎已经失去了智慧，那种属于原住民的智慧
14:35
I asked a question. "Why?"
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我想问，这是为什么？
14:38
Well, do you think there could be some kind of disconnect
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你们觉得在这
14:42
between this extraordinarily clever brain,
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异常聪明的大脑
14:45
the kind of brain that the TED technologies exemplify,
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TED技术作为例证的那种大脑
14:51
and the human heart? Talking about it in the non-scientific term,
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和人的心脏之间会有某种隔绝吗？用非科学的术语来谈谈
14:55
in terms of love and compassion. Is there some disconnect?
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根据爱和同情。有隔绝吗？
15:00
And these young people, when I talk to them,
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这些年轻人，当我和他们讲话时
15:04
basically they were either depressed or apathetic,
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基本上他们要么情绪低落，要么无动于衷
15:07
or bitter and angry. And they said more or less the same thing,
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或者痛苦、愤怒 他们或多或少说的是同一件事情
15:11
"We feel this way because we feel you've compromised our future
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“我们这么感觉是因为我们觉得你们损害了我们的未来，
15:14
and there's nothing we can do about it."
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并且我们对此无能为力。”
15:17
We have compromised their future.
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我们确实已经毁坏了他们的未来
15:19
I've got three little grandchildren, and every time I look at them
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我有三个小孙子，每次看着他们
15:22
and I think how we've harmed this beautiful planet since I was their age,
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我就想，从我像他们那么大以来，我们是如何损害这个美丽的地球的
15:27
I feel this desperation.
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我感觉到这种绝望
15:29
And that led to this program we call Roots and Shoots,
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我们由此开展这项我们称之为“根与芽”的计划
15:32
which began right here in Tanzania
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恰好始于这里，坦桑尼亚
15:35
and has now spread to 97 countries around the world.
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现在已经传播到世界上97个国家
15:39
It's symbolic. Roots make a firm foundation.
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项目的名字是具有象征意义的 根造就坚实的基础
15:42
Shoots seem tiny; to reach the sun they can break through a brick wall.
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芽看上去细小，在阳光照耀下却可穿破砖墙——
15:46
See the brick wall as all these problems we've inflicted on the planet,
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砖可以看成是我们给地球造成的环境的
15:50
environmental and social. It's a message of hope.
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和社会的问题 这是希望的讯息
15:53
Hundreds and thousands of young people around the world
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世界各地成千上万的年轻人
15:56
can break through and can make this a better world for all living things.
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可以取得突破，为了所有生物，让这个世界更美好
16:01
The most important message of Roots and Shoots:
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“根与芽”的最重要讯息——
16:04
every single one of us makes a difference, every single day.
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每一天，我们每一个人都在改变世界
16:09
We have a choice. Every one of us in this room,
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我们有一个选择 这屋子里我们每一个人
16:13
we have a choice as to what kind of difference we want to make.
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我们都有一个选择，关于我们想做些什么来改变世界
16:18
The very poor have no choice. It's up to us to change things
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很穷的人没有选择 我们要改变这些事
16:23
so that the poor have choice as well.
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以便穷人也有选择
16:26
The Roots and Shoots groups all choose three projects.
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“根与芽”小组都选三个方案
16:30
It depends on how old they are, and which country,
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取决于成员年龄，所在国家
16:34
whether they're in a city or rural, as to what kinds of projects.
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在城市还是乡下，来选不同的方案
16:38
But basically, we have programs now from preschool right through university,
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基本上，我们现在的计划从学前一直到大学
16:42
with more and more adults starting their own Roots and Shoots groups.
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愈来愈多的成人开始建立他们自己的“根与芽”小组
16:48
And every group chooses, between them,
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每个小组在彼此之间选择
16:51
three different kinds of project to make this a better world,
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三种不同的方案，来创造更加美好的世界
16:54
recognizing that all these different problems are interconnected
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承认所有这些不同问题是互相联系
16:58
and impinge on each other.
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彼此影响的
17:00
So one of their projects will be to help their own human community.
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因此他们的方案之一将会帮助他们自己的人类社区
17:03
And then, if they're able, they may raise money to help communities
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然后，如果他们能干，他们可以筹集资金
17:07
in other parts of the world.
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帮助世界上其它地区的社区
17:09
One of their projects will be to help animals -- not just wildlife,
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他们的方案之一将会帮助动物——不光是野生动物
17:13
domestic animals as well.
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也包括家养动物
17:15
And one of their projects will be to help the environment that we all share.
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他们的方案之一将会帮助我们共处的环境
17:19
And woven throughout all of this is a message
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交织在所有这些方案中的讯息是
17:23
of learning to live in peace and harmony within ourselves,
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学着与我们自己、家庭、社区
17:28
in our families, in our communities, between nations, between cultures,
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和谐相处，包括国家之间，不同文化之间
17:32
between religions and between us and the natural world.
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不同宗教信仰之间，以及我们和自然世界之间
17:36
We need the natural world. We cannot go on destroying it at the rate we are.
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我们需要自然世界 我们不能继续象现在这样破坏世界了
17:41
We not do have more than this one planet.
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我们只有一个地球
17:45
Just picking one or two of the projects right here in Africa
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就在非洲这里，仅仅选出一个或两个
17:49
that the Roots and Shoots groups are doing,
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“根与芽”小组正在实施的方案
17:52
one or two projects only -- in Tanzania, in Uganda, Kenya,
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只要一个或两个方案——在坦桑尼亚、乌干达、肯尼亚、
17:57
South Africa, Congo-Brazzaville, Sierra Leone, Cameroon
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南非、刚果、布拉扎维、塞拉利昂、喀麦隆
18:02
and other groups. And as I say, it's in 97 countries around the world.
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以及别的团体。就象我说的，遍布世界97个国家
18:06
Of course, they're planting trees. They're growing organic vegetables.
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当然，他们种树，他们种有机蔬菜
18:10
They're working in the refugee camps, with chickens
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他们在难民营养小鸡
18:13
and selling the eggs for a little amount of money,
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卖鸡蛋得些微薄收入
18:15
or just using them to feed their families,
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或只是把鸡蛋给家人吃
18:18
and feeling a sense of pride and empowerment,
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并觉得自豪和获得权力
18:21
because they're no longer helpless and depending on others
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因为他们自己种植蔬菜 养殖小鸡
18:23
with their vegetables and their chickens.
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就不再无助，不再依赖他人
18:26
It's being used in Uganda
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这个方案在乌干达实施了
18:28
to give some psychological help to ex-child soldiers.
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给予前童军一些心理上的帮助
18:33
Doing projects like this is bringing them out of themselves.
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实施这些方案让他们重塑自我
18:36
Once again, they're useful members of society.
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再一次，他们成为社会上的有用一员
18:39
We have this program in prisons as well.
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我们也在监狱实施该计划
18:42
So, there's no time for more Roots and Shoots now.
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所以现在没时间实施更多的“根与芽”计划
18:45
But -- oh, they're also working on HIV/AIDS.
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哦，他们也致力于艾滋病及其病毒方面的工作
18:49
That's a very important component of Roots and Shoots,
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那是“根与芽”计划非常重要的组成部分
18:52
with older kids talking to younger ones.
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由大孩子跟小孩子谈话
18:54
And unwanted pregnancies and things like that,
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还有无意怀孕及类似事情
18:57
which young people listen to better from other youth, rather than adults.
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年轻人更愿意听别的孩子的，而不是成人的
19:03
Hope. That's the question I get asked as I'm going around the world:
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希望。我周游世界被问及的就是这个问题
19:08
"Jane, you've seen so many terrible things,
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“珍，你见过这么多可怕的事情，
19:10
you've seen your chimpanzees decrease in number
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你看着你的黑猩猩数量在减少，
19:13
from about one million, at the turn of the century,
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从世纪之交的大约一百万
19:15
to no more than 150,000 now, and the same with so many other animals.
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到现在的不足15万。那么多其它动物也一样
19:20
Forests disappearing, deserts where once there was forest.
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森林消失，过去是森林的地方变成沙漠
19:24
Do you really have hope?" Well, yes.
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你真的有希望？” 嗯，有。
19:28
You can't come to a conference like TED and not have hope, can you?
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你不可能来参加象TED这样的会议，却不报希望，对吧？
19:32
And of course, there's hope. One is this amazing human brain.
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当然，有希望。希望之一是这令人称奇的人脑
19:36
And I mean, think of the technologies.
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我是说，想一想技术
19:38
And I've just been so thrilled, finally, to come to people talking about compost latrines.
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我最后还是很激动，碰到人们谈论堆肥厕所
19:45
It's one of my hobbyhorses.
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这是我爱讨论的话题之一
19:47
We just flush all this water down the lavatory, it's terrible.
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我们就把所有这些水冲下马桶，这很可怕
19:51
And then talking about renewable energy -- desperately important.
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然后谈论了可再生能源，非常重要
19:56
Do we care about the planet for our children?
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我们为孩子关心过地球吗？
19:59
How many of us have children or grandchildren, nieces, nephews?
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我们多少人有孩子或者孙子、侄子、外甥？
20:02
Do we care about their future?
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我们关心他们的未来吗？
20:05
And if we care about their future, we, as the elite around the world,
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如果关心他们的未来，作为全球精英
20:10
we can do something about it. We can make choices as to how we live each day.
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我们可以做些事情。我们可以做决定，每天怎样生活
20:14
What we buy. What we wear.
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买什么，穿什么
20:16
And choose to make these choices with the question,
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决定带着问题做这些选择
20:21
how will this affect the environment around me?
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这会怎样影响我周围的环境？
20:24
How will it affect the life of my child when he or she grows up?
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我的孩子长大后，这会怎样影响他或她那时的生活？
20:29
Or my grandchild, or whatever it is.
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或者我的孙子，或别的什么。
20:31
So the human brain, coupled with the human heart,
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那么人脑，与人心结合——
20:36
and we join hands around the world.
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我们全球同心协力
20:38
And that's what TED is helping so well with, and Google who help us,
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那是TED所竭力帮助的，是Google帮了我们
20:42
and Esri are helping us with mapping in Gombe National Park.
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ESRI帮我们绘制了Gombe国家公园的地图
20:47
All of these technologies we can use.
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所有这些我们会用的技术
20:49
Now let's link them, and it's beginning to happen, isn't it?
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现在让我们把它们连起来，它即将发生，对吧？
20:52
You've heard about it this afternoon. It's beginning to happen.
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今天下午你们听过了。它即将发生
20:56
This change, this change. To see change
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这变化，这变化；看到我们一定会有的
20:58
that we must have if we care about the future.
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变化，如果我们关心未来的话
21:01
And the next reason for hope -- nature is amazingly resilient.
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报有希望的下一个理由——大自然的复员能力令人称奇
21:05
You can take an area that's absolutely destroyed,
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你可以找一块被全毁了的地区——
21:08
with time and perhaps some help it can regenerate.
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假以时间，可能还有一些帮助，这地区会重新焕发生机
21:11
And an example is the TACARE program.
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一个例子是“关爱”计划
21:14
I told you, where a seemingly dead tree stump --
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我告诉你，在一块看上去死了的树桩——
21:17
if you stop hacking them for firewood,
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如果你停止为了烧柴而进行的砍伐
21:19
which you don't need to because you have wood lots,
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你不需要砍伐因为你有小林地
21:21
then in five years you can have a 30-foot tree.
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那么五年后你会有30英尺的树
21:25
And animals, almost on the brink of extinction,
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任何动物，几乎濒于灭绝的，
21:28
can be given a second chance. That's my next book.
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会得到第二次机会。那是我下一本书
21:31
It's inspiring. And it brings me to my last category of hope,
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它鼓舞人心。它带我到我最后一类希望——
21:35
and we've heard about this so much in the last two days:
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过去两天我们听了那么多关于这个的
21:38
this indomitable human spirit. This determination of people,
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即不屈的人类精神。人的这种决心，
21:42
the resilience of the human spirit,
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人类精神的适应力。
21:44
So that people who you would think would be battered by poverty,
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因此，你觉得会被贫穷、
21:48
or disease, or whatever, can pull themselves up out of it,
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疾病、或别的什么打垮的那些人，可以让自己走出困境
21:53
sometimes with a helping hand, and take their part in society,
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有时借助于援手，他们可以参与到社会中
21:59
and take their part in changing the world.
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参与到变化的世界中
22:02
And just to think of one or two people out of Africa who are just really inspiring.
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只要想想真正鼓舞人心的一个或两个人走出非洲
22:06
We could make a very long list,
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我们可以列一个很长的单子
22:09
but obviously Nelson Mandela, emerging from 17 years
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可很显然，纳尔逊 曼德拉走出17年的
22:12
of hard physical labor, 23 years of imprisonment,
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重体力劳动，23年的监禁
22:15
with this amazing ability to forgive, so that he could lead his nation
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带着这种令人称奇的能力去宽恕，以便他能领导他的国家
22:19
out the evil regime of apartheid without a bloodbath.
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走出种族隔离的邪恶体制而不用大屠杀
22:23
Ken Saro-Wiwa, in Nigeria, who took on the giant oil companies,
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Ken Saro-Wiwa，在尼日利亚，与石油巨头对抗
22:28
and although people around the world tried their best, was executed.
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尽管世界各地的人竭尽全力，他还是被处决了
22:33
People like this are so inspirational.
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像这样的人是多么激动人心
22:37
People like this are the role models we need for young Africans.
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这样的人是我们所需要的对非洲年轻人的榜样
22:41
And we need some environmental role models as well,
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我们也需要一些环境方面的榜样
22:45
and I've been hearing some of them today.
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今天我听了一些关于他们的事情
22:47
So I'm really grateful for this opportunity to share this message
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所以我由衷感谢有这次机会来再次分享这些讯息
22:52
again, with everyone at TED.
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和TED的每一个人
22:54
And I hope that some of us can get together and talk about some of these things,
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我希望我们中的一部分人能聚在一起讨论一下这些事情
22:59
especially the Roots and Shoots program.
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尤其是“根与芽”计划
23:01
And just a last word on that --
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关于这一点再说最后一句——
23:03
the young woman who's running this entire conference center,
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那个管整个会议中心的年轻姑娘
23:06
I met her today.
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我今天碰到她了
23:08
She came up so excited, with her certificate. She was [in] Roots and Shoots.
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她很兴奋地走上前来，拿着她的证书。她参与了“根与芽”
23:13
She was in the leadership in Dar es Salaam.
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她在达累斯萨拉姆的领导层里
23:15
She said it's helped her to do what she's doing.
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她说它使她得以做现在的工作
23:18
And it was very, very exciting for me to meet her
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见到她我真是非常非常兴奋
23:21
and see just one example of how young people,
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见到的这个还仅仅是一个例子：当年轻人
23:24
when they are empowered, given the opportunity to take action,
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被赋予权力，给予机会去采取行动
23:30
to make the world a better place,
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去让世界变得更加美好的时候
23:32
truly are our hope for tomorrow.
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他们实实在在的是我们明天的希望
23:34
Thank you.
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谢谢大家
23:37
(Applause)
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(全场鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Goodall - Primatologist; environmentalistJane Goodall, dubbed by her biographer "the woman who redefined man," has changed our perceptions of primates, people, and the connection between the two. Over the past 45 years, Goodall herself has also evolved -- from steadfast scientist to passionate conservationist and humanitarian.
Why you should listen
Jane Goodall hasn't exactly found the missing link, but she's come closer than just about anyone else on Earth. Her extensive research into the behavior of chimpanzees, which started in Africa in the 1960s and continues today, fundamentally altered scientific thinking about the relationship between humans and other mammals.
Goodall, who founded a research institute in her name in 1977, is an internationally recognized authority on the primate world. She's written books for adults and children, contributed to documentaries, and serves as a National Geographic explorer-in-residence, a United Nations peace messenger, and the president of Advocates for Animals. For her efforts to observe and preserve all species, Goodall has received honors and accolades from governments, nonprofits, universities, and professional organizations, including a medal from UNESCO and the French Legion of Honor in 2006.
Jane Goodall | Speaker | TED.com