ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mechai Viravaidya - Public health expert
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia.

Why you should listen

Mechai Viravaidya is the founder and chair of the Population and Community Development Association (PDA). He's a widely acclaimed leader in the fields of public health, education and community development.

Since 1974, Mr. Mechai has initiated community-based family planning services, innovative poverty reduction and rural education programs, large-scale rural development and environmental programs, as well as groundbreaking HIV/AIDS prevention activities throughout Southeast Asia.

More profile about the speaker
Mechai Viravaidya | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxChange

Mechai Viravaidya: How Mr. Condom made Thailand a better place for life and love

Mechai Viravaidya: 套套先生,让泰国更美好

Filmed:
1,169,694 views

在TEDxChange系列中, 泰国的“安全套之父”,Mechai Viravaidya 向观众展示泰国在二十世纪七十年代如何采取大胆的措施来提高人民的生活水平。控制人口是他们的首要任务。他的演讲围绕安全套展开,直爽风趣,也发人深省。
- Public health expert
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Welcome欢迎 to Thailand泰国.
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欢迎来到泰国。
00:18
Now, when I was a young年轻 man -- 40 years年份 ago,
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四十年前,我还是个年轻小伙子的时候,
00:21
the country国家 was very, very poor较差的
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这个国家非常,非常穷。
00:23
with lots and lots and lots of people living活的 in poverty贫穷.
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无数人过着贫困的生活。
00:26
We decided决定 to do something about it,
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我们决心改变这一切,
00:29
but we didn't begin开始 with a welfare福利 program程序
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但我们没有实施任何福利政策,
00:31
or a poverty贫穷 reduction减少 program程序.
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或者扶贫计划。
00:34
But we began开始 with a family-planning家庭计划 program程序,
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我们开始推行计划生育政策,
00:37
following以下 a very successful成功
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采取了一套非常成功的
00:39
maternal母系 child儿童 health健康 activity活动,
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母子保健措施,
00:41
sets of activities活动.
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多项措施。
00:43
So basically基本上, no one would accept接受 family家庭 planning规划
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总的来说,如果孩子出生后不能存活,
00:46
if their children孩子 didn't survive生存.
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自然不会有人接受计划生育。
00:48
So the first step: get to the children孩子, get to the mothers母亲,
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所以,第一步就要保证孩子和母亲的生活,
00:51
and then follow跟随 up with family家庭 planning规划.
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然后实行计划生育。
00:53
Not just child儿童 mortality死亡 alone单独, you need also family家庭 planning规划.
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光控制婴儿的死亡率是不够的,你还需要计划生育。
00:56
Now let me take you back
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我带大家回顾一下
00:58
as to why we needed需要 to do it.
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当初我们为什么要采取这个政策。
01:00
In my country国家, that was the case案件 in 1974.
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1974年,在我的国家里
01:03
Seven children孩子 per family家庭 --
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平均每个家庭有七个孩子。
01:05
tremendous巨大 growth发展 at 3.3 percent百分.
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人口增长率高达3.3%.
01:07
There was just no future未来.
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根本没有未来可言。
01:09
We needed需要 to reduce减少 the population人口 growth发展 rate.
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我们必须降低人口增长率。
01:11
So we said, "Let's do it."
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于是我们决定:“马上行动。”
01:13
The women妇女 said, "We agree同意. We'll use pills,
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而妇女们说:“我们同意。我们可以使用避孕药,
01:15
but we need a doctor医生 to prescribe规定 the pills,"
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但是需要医生开药。”
01:18
and we had very, very few少数 doctors医生.
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不巧的是我国当时没几个医生。
01:20
We didn't take no as an answer回答;
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我们并没有气馁;
01:22
we took no as a question.
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而是试图解决这个问题。
01:24
We went to the nurses护士 and the midwives助产士, who were also women妇女,
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我们向护士们和助产士们求助,她们都是女性,
01:27
and did a fantastic奇妙 job工作
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她们出色地解说了
01:29
at explaining说明 how to use the pill.
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避孕药的使用方法。
01:31
That was wonderful精彩,
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这非常好,
01:33
but it covered覆盖 only 20 percent百分 of the country国家.
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但是这也只能帮助全国20% 的地区。
01:35
What do we do for the other 80 percent百分 --
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剩下的80%怎么办呢 --
01:37
leave离开 them alone单独 and say, "Well, they're not medical personnel人员."
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撒手不管,说:“没办法,我们没有足够的医务人员”?
01:40
No, we decided决定 to do a bit more.
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不,我们决定做出更多努力。
01:42
So we went to the ordinary普通 people that you saw.
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于是我们向普通老百姓求助,就是你们看到的这些人。
01:45
Actually其实, below下面 that yellow黄色 sign标志 --
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实际上,在那个黄色牌子后面 --
01:47
I wish希望 they hadn't有没有 wiped that,
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但愿他们还没把它撤下来,
01:49
because there was "Coca-Cola可口可乐" there.
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因为牌子后面放的是可口可乐。
01:52
We were so much bigger than Coca-Cola可口可乐 in those days.
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我们当时的名气比可口可乐大多了。
01:55
And no difference区别,
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普通老百姓一样可以胜任,
01:57
the people they chose选择 were the people we chose选择.
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他们帮助的人群正是我们的目标人群。
02:00
They were well-known知名 in the community社区,
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他们和他们的圈子里的人很熟,
02:02
they knew知道 that customers顾客 were always right,
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他们知道顾客就是上帝,
02:04
and they were terrific了不起, and they practiced their family家庭 planning规划 themselves他们自己.
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他们不但帮了大忙,自己也在进行节育措施。
02:07
So they could supply供应 pills and condoms避孕套
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他们可以在全国各个村庄
02:09
throughout始终 the country国家, in every一切 village of the country国家.
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提供避孕药和安全套。
02:11
So there we are. We went to the people
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就这样,我们找这些老百姓帮忙。
02:13
who were seen看到 as the cause原因 of the problem问题
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他们实际上是在帮助自己
02:15
to be the solution.
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解决问题。
02:17
Wherever哪里 there were people --
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只要是有人的地方 --
02:19
and you can see boats with the women妇女, selling销售 things --
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你们看到这些划船的妇女 -- 在卖东西 --
02:21
here's这里的 the floating漂浮的 market市场
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这里是一个水上市场
02:23
selling销售 bananas香蕉 and crabs螃蟹
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卖香蕉和螃蟹
02:25
and also contraceptives避孕药 --
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还有节育用品 --
02:27
wherever哪里 you find people,
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在泰国,只要是有人的地方,
02:29
you'll你会 find contraceptives避孕药 in Thailand泰国.
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你就能找到节育用品。
02:31
And then we decided决定, why not get to religion宗教
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接着,我们决定找宗教人士帮忙,
02:33
because in the Philippines菲律宾,
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在菲律宾,
02:35
the Catholic天主教徒 Church教会 was pretty漂亮 strong强大,
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天主教堂的影响力非常大,
02:37
and Thai泰国 people were Buddhist佛教徒.
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而泰国人信仰佛教。
02:39
We went to them and they said, "Look, could you help us?"
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我们去找他们,他们说:”能请你们帮忙吗?“
02:41
I'm there -- the one in blue蓝色, not the yellow黄色 --
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我当时在场,穿蓝色衣服的就是我,不是黄衣服那个,
02:44
holding保持 a bowl of holy water
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我手里捧着一碗圣水
02:46
for the monk to sprinkle holy water
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让那个和尚把圣水
02:48
on pills and condoms避孕套
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浇在避孕药和安全套上
02:50
for the sanctity尊严 of the family家庭.
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来保佑家庭的圣洁。
02:53
And this picture图片 was sent发送 throughout始终 the country国家.
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这张照片传遍了全国。
02:55
So some of the monks和尚 in the villages村庄 were doing the same相同 thing themselves他们自己.
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一些和尚在各自的村子里也在做同样的工作
02:58
And the women妇女 were saying, "No wonder奇迹 we have no side-effects副作用.
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妇女们说:”难怪我们没感到任何副作用。
03:01
It's been blessed幸福."
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原来是佛祖保佑啊。”
03:03
That was their perception知觉.
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她们是这么想的。
03:05
And then we went to teachers教师.
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我们去找教师们。
03:07
You need everybody每个人 to be involved参与
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你需要所有人的参与,
03:10
in trying to provide提供 whatever随你 it is
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各尽一份力
03:13
that make humanity人性 a better place地点.
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让世界更人性化。
03:15
So we went to the teachers教师.
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于是我们去找教师们。
03:17
Over a quarter25美分硬币 of a million百万 were taught about family家庭 planning规划
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超过二十五万人在学校学习与计划生育有关的新字母表
03:19
with a new alphabet字母 -- A, B for birth分娩, C for condom避孕套,
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A,B是birth(生育),C是condom(安全套),
03:22
I for IUD宫内节育器, V for vasectomy输精管结扎术.
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I是 IUD (子宫内用具), V是 vasectomy(输精管结扎术).
03:24
And then we had a snakes and ladders梯子 game游戏, where you throw dice骰子.
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我们后来还有一套智力棋游戏,置色子来玩的。
03:26
If you land土地 on anything pro-family亲家庭 planning规划, you move移动 ahead.
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如果你的棋落在支持节育的格子里,那你就可以继续向前走。
03:29
Like, "Mother母亲 takes the pill every一切 night.
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比如说,“妈妈每晚服避孕药。
03:31
Very good, mother母亲. Move移动 ahead.
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非常好,妈妈。往前走。
03:33
Uncle叔叔 buys购买 a condom避孕套. Very good, uncle叔叔. Move移动 ahead.
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叔叔买了一个安全套。非常好,叔叔。往前走。
03:35
Uncle叔叔 gets得到 drunk, doesn't use condom避孕套. Come back, start开始 again."
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叔叔喝醉了,没有用安全套。退回去,从头来。”
03:37
(Laughter笑声)
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(大笑)
03:39
Again, education教育, class entertainment娱乐.
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这叫寓教于乐。
03:42
And the kids孩子 were doing it in school学校 too.
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孩子们在学校里也有这些活动。
03:44
We had relay中继 races比赛 with condoms避孕套,
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我们有安全套接力赛,
03:46
we had children's儿童 condom-blowing避孕套吹 championship锦标赛.
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还有少儿吹安全套冠军杯。
03:48
And before long,
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不久前,
03:50
the condom避孕套 was know as the girl's女孩 best最好 friend朋友.
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安全套荣幸地成为女孩子们最亲密的朋友。
03:53
In Thailand泰国, for poor较差的 people, diamonds钻石 don't make it --
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在泰国,对于穷人来说,钻石太遥不可及了。
03:55
so the condom避孕套 is the girl's女孩 best最好 friend朋友.
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所以安全套取而代之,成为女孩们最好的朋友。
03:59
We introduced介绍 our first microcredit小额贷款 program程序 in 1975,
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1975年,我们开始推行首个小额贷款政策。
04:02
and the women妇女 who organized有组织的 it said,
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做筹划工作的妇女们说:
04:04
"We only want to lend
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“我们只贷款给
04:06
to women妇女 who practice实践 family家庭 planning规划.
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那些进行节育的妇女。
04:08
If you're pregnant, take care关心 of your pregnancy怀孕.
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如果你怀孕了,那你就得自己想办法了。
04:10
If you're not pregnant, you can take a loan贷款 out from us."
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如果你没怀孕,那就可以向我们贷款。”
04:12
And that was run by them.
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这就是由她们组织的。
04:14
And after 35/36 years年份,
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35年,36年之后,
04:16
it's still going on.
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这个项目还在进行。
04:18
It's a part部分 of the Village Development发展 Bank银行;
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现在已经成为农村发展银行的一个部门了。
04:20
it's not a real真实 bank银行, but it's a fund基金 -- microcredit小额贷款.
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这不是一个真的银行,而是一个基金会 -- 提供小额贷款。
04:23
And we didn't need a big organization组织 to run it --
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我们不需要一个大型组织来管理这个项目。
04:25
it was run by the villagers村民 themselves他们自己.
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它是由村民自主管理的。
04:27
And you probably大概 hardly几乎不 see a Thai泰国 man there,
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在这里,你可能很难看到泰国男人。
04:29
it's always women妇女, women妇女, women妇女, women妇女.
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到处都是女人,女人,女人,女人。
04:32
And then we thought we'd星期三 help America美国,
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后来,我们觉得应该帮助一下美国,
04:34
because America's美国 been helping帮助 everyone大家,
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因为美国不管人家需不需要帮助,
04:36
whether是否 they want help or not.
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总是乐于助人。
04:38
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:43
And this is on the Fourth第四 of July七月.
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这是7月4日美国国庆日。
04:46
We decided决定 to provide提供 vasectomy输精管结扎术 to all men男人,
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我们决定向所有男性提供输精管结扎手术。
04:49
but in particular特定, American美国 men男人 to the front面前 of the queue队列,
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而先到场的美籍男性可以享受特殊待遇,
04:51
right up to the Ambassador's大使 residence住宅
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直接在美国大使的官邸
04:53
during his [unclear不明].
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进行手术。
04:55
And the hotel旅馆 gave us the ballroom舞厅 for it --
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宾馆把舞厅借给我们做场地。
04:57
very appropriate适当 room房间.
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这是一个相当正经的房间。
04:59
(Laughter笑声)
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(大笑)
05:02
And since以来 it was near lunch午餐 time,
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快到午饭时间,
05:04
they said, "All right, we'll give you some lunch午餐.
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他们说:“好了,我们会准备午餐。
05:06
Of course课程, it must必须 be American美国 cola可乐.
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当然,肯定要有美国可乐。
05:08
You get two brands品牌, Coke可乐 and Pepsi百事可乐.
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有两种选择,可口可乐和百事可乐。
05:10
And then the food餐饮 is either hamburger汉堡包 or hotdog热狗."
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可供选择的食物有汉堡包和热狗。”
05:13
And I thought a hotdog热狗 will be more symbolic象征.
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我觉得还是热狗更具象征意义。
05:15
(Laughter笑声)
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(哄堂大笑)
05:17
And here is this, then, young年轻 man called Willy威利 Bohm博姆
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这一位小伙子叫威利.波姆,
05:20
who worked工作 for the USAID你说.
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他为美国国际开发总署工作。
05:22
Obviously明显, he's had his vasectomy输精管结扎术
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很明显,他刚做完结扎手术,
05:24
because his hotdog热狗 is half eaten吃过, and he was very happy快乐.
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看他手里拿着吃得只剩一半的热狗,还乐呵呵的。
05:27
It made制作 a lot of news新闻 in America美国, and it angered激怒 some people also.
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这在美国制造了很多新闻,还惹怒了一些人。
05:30
I said, "Don't worry担心. Come over and I'll do the whole整个 lot of you."
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我说:“没关系。你们也过来吧,我们会满足所有人的需要。”
05:32
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:34
And what happened发生?
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结果如何?
05:36
In all this thing,
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在所有努力之下,
05:38
from seven children孩子 to 1.5 children孩子,
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每个家庭平均7个孩子减少到1.5个。
05:40
population人口 growth发展 rate of 3.3 to 0.5.
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人口增长率从3.3%降到0.5%。
05:43
You could call it the Coca-Cola可口可乐 approach途径 if you like --
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你可以把它称为可口可乐策略。
05:46
it was exactly究竟 the same相同 thing.
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因为我们用的是同样的策略。
05:48
I'm not sure whether是否 Coca-Cola可口可乐 followed其次 us, or we followed其次 Coca-Cola可口可乐,
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我不确定是可口可乐学我们,还是我们学他们,
05:51
but we're good friends朋友.
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反正我们是铁哥们儿。
05:53
And so that's the case案件 of everyone大家 joining加盟 in.
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这是所有人一同出力的结果。
05:55
We didn't have a strong强大 government政府. We didn't have lots of doctors医生.
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当时的政府软弱无力,而我们又没有足够的医生。
05:58
But it's everybody's每个人的 job工作
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但是,只有所有人行动起来,
06:00
who can change更改 attitude态度 and behavior行为.
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才能改变人们的态度和行为。
06:02
Then AIDS艾滋病 came来了 along沿 and hit击中 Thailand泰国,
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随后,艾滋病席卷了泰国。
06:04
and we had to stop doing a lot of good things
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我们不得不停下手中忙碌的事业
06:06
to fight斗争 AIDS艾滋病.
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来抗击艾滋病。
06:08
But unfortunately不幸, the government政府 was in denial否认, denial否认, denial否认.
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不幸的是,政府一再否决我们的行动。
06:11
So our work wasn't affected受影响.
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我们的工作没有取得成效。
06:13
So I thought, "Well, if you can't go to the government政府, go to the military军事."
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于是,我想:“既然不能向政府求助,那就去找军方。”
06:16
So I went to the military军事
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我就去了军队,
06:18
and asked to borrow 300 radio无线电 stations.
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向他们借300个广播电台。
06:20
They have more than the government政府,
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他们拥有的电台比政府的多,
06:22
and they've他们已经 got more guns枪炮 than the government政府.
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他们的枪也比政府的多。
06:24
So I asked them, could they help us
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我问他们是否能帮我们
06:26
in our fight斗争 against反对 HIVHIV.
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抗击艾滋病。
06:28
And after I gave them statistics统计,
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我把数据资料给他们看。
06:30
they said, "Yes. Okay. You can use all the radio无线电 stations, television电视 stations."
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他们说:“好的。你可以用我们所有的电台和电视台。”
06:33
And that's when we went onto the airwaves电波.
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就这样,我们可以在空中做宣传了。
06:36
And then we got a new prime主要 minister部长 soon不久 after that.
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在此之后,我们有了新一任总理。
06:38
And he said, "Mechai米猜, could you come and join加入?"
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他说:“Mechai,你愿意加入我们吗?”
06:41
He asked me in because he liked喜欢 my wife妻子 a lot.
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他邀请我加入是因为他很欣赏我夫人。
06:43
So I said, "Okay."
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我说:“好的。”
06:45
He became成为 the chairman主席 of the National国民 AIDS艾滋病 Committee委员会
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他成了国家艾滋病协会主席
06:47
and increased增加 the budget预算 fifty-fold50倍.
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并把预算提高到之前的五倍。
06:49
Every一切 ministry, even judges法官, had to be involved参与 in AIDS艾滋病 education教育 --
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每个部门的部长,甚至法官们,都必须接受艾滋病教育。
06:52
everyone大家 -- and we said the public上市, institutions机构,
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所有人。包括老百姓,各个机构,
06:55
religious宗教 institutions机构, schools学校 --
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宗教组织,学校 --
06:57
everyone大家 was involved参与.
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所有人都参与了。
06:59
And here, every一切 media媒体 person
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每个媒体工作者
07:01
had to be trained熟练 for HIVHIV.
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也必须接受艾滋病相关的培训。
07:03
And we gave every一切 station half a minute分钟 extra额外
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作为回报,我们让每个电台或电视台
07:06
for advertising广告 to earn more money.
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加播半分钟的广告来赚更多钱。
07:09
So they were happy快乐 with that.
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他们对此很满意。
07:11
And then AIDS艾滋病 education教育 in all schools学校,
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所有学校都开展艾滋病教育,
07:13
starting开始 from university大学.
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首先从大学校园开始。
07:15
And these are high school学校 kids孩子 teaching教学 high school学校 kids孩子.
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这些高中生正在教其他高中生。
07:18
And the best最好 teachers教师 were the girls女孩, not the boys男孩,
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在教课方面,女生比男生强多了。
07:20
and they were terrific了不起.
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她们非常能干。
07:22
And these girls女孩 who go around teaching教学 about safe安全 sex性别 and HIVHIV
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这些到各个校园宣传安全性知识和艾滋病预防的姑娘们
07:25
were known已知 as Mother母亲 Theresa有一个.
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被亲切地称为“特蕾莎修女”。
07:28
And then we went down one more step.
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接下来,我们进一步采取措施。
07:30
These are primary school学校 kids孩子 -- third第三, fourth第四 grade年级 --
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这些是小学生 -- 三四年级 --
07:32
going to every一切 household家庭 in the village,
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他们会挨家挨户走边整个村子,
07:34
every一切 household家庭 in the whole整个 of Thailand泰国,
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走边整个泰国,
07:36
giving AIDS艾滋病 information信息 and a condom避孕套
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宣传艾滋病知识,把安全套
07:38
to every一切 household家庭,
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发放到每家每户。
07:40
given特定 by these young年轻 kids孩子.
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让这些孩子来完成这些工作。
07:42
And no parents父母 objected反对, because we were trying to save保存 lives生活,
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没有家长反对,因为这是在拯救生命,
07:45
and this was a lifesaver救星.
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是捍卫生命的行动。
07:48
And we said, "Everyone大家 needs需求 to be involved参与."
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我们呼吁:“所有人都行动起来。”
07:50
So you have the companies公司 also realizing实现
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各个公司都意识到
07:52
that sick生病 staff员工 don't work, and dead customers顾客 don't buy购买.
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病了的员工不能工作;死了的顾客不能购买。
07:54
So they all trained熟练.
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他们都接受了培训。
07:56
And then we have this Captain队长 Condom避孕套,
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这位“安全套船长”
07:58
with his Harvard哈佛 MBAMBA,
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凭着哈佛大学的MBA,
08:00
going to schools学校 and night spots斑点.
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奔走于各个学校和夜店。
08:02
And they loved喜爱 him. You need a symbol符号 of something.
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他很受欢迎。一个代言人是必要的。
08:05
In every一切 country国家, every一切 program程序, you need a symbol符号,
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每个国家,每个政策,都需要一个形象代言人,
08:08
and this is probably大概 the best最好 thing he's ever doneDONE with his MBAMBA.
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这份工作应该算是他靠MBA混来的最美的差事了。
08:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:14
And then we gave condoms避孕套 out everywhere到处 on the streets街道 --
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我们在大街上到处发放安全套 --
08:16
everywhere到处, everywhere到处.
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走到哪儿,发到哪儿。
08:18
In taxis出租车, you get condoms避孕套.
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连出租车上都有安全套。
08:20
And also, in traffic交通,
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另外,你在开车的时候,
08:22
the policemen警察 give you condoms避孕套 -- our "cops警察 and rubbers橡胶" programs程式.
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交警也会给你发安全套 -- 这是我们的“胶警”项目。
08:25
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:28
So, can you imagine想像 New York纽约 policemen警察 giving out condoms避孕套?
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大家能想像到纽约市交警给你发安全套吗?
08:31
Of course课程 I can. And they'd他们会 enjoy请享用 it immensely非常;
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我反正没问题。他们肯定会乐此不疲的。
08:34
I see them standing常设 around right now, everywhere到处.
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我能想像他们现在就站在街上,
08:36
Imagine想像 if they had condoms避孕套,
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手上拿着安全套,
08:38
giving out to all sorts排序 of people.
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分发给形形色色的路人。
08:40
And then, new change更改,
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新产品来了,
08:42
we had hair头发 bands, clothing服装
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我们有(安全套做的)发带,服饰,
08:44
and the condom避孕套 for your mobile移动 phone电话
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要是碰上雨季,我们给你的手机
08:46
during the rainy多雨的 season季节.
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也备上了安全套。
08:48
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:50
And these were the condoms避孕套 that we introduced介绍.
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这些是我们生产的安全套。
08:55
One says, "Weapon武器 of mass protection保护."
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这个上面写着:“大规模保护性武器”。
08:57
We found发现 --
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我们找到了,
08:59
you know -- somebody here was searching搜索 for the weapon武器 of mass destruction毁坏,
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某些人在搜寻大规模杀伤性武器,
09:02
but we have found发现 the weapon武器 of mass protection保护: the condom避孕套.
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但是我们找到了大规模保护性武器 -- 安全套。
09:05
And then it says here, with the American美国 flag,
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这一个有星条旗图案的写着,
09:07
"Don't leave离开 home without it."
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“出门常备。”
09:09
But I have some to give out afterward之后.
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我过后会把它们发给大家。
09:12
But let me warn警告 you, these are Thai-sized泰国大小,
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但是,提醒你们一下,这些都是泰国人的尺寸,
09:14
so be very careful小心.
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所以要慎用啊。
09:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(大笑)
09:18
And so you can see
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你们看,
09:20
that condoms避孕套 can do so many许多 things.
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安全套实在是神通广大。
09:23
Look at this --
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大家看这里。
09:25
I gave this to Al Gore血块 and to Bill法案 Senior前辈 also.
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我给了Al Gore和 Bill Senior一人一件。
09:28
Stop global全球 warming变暖; use condoms避孕套.
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上面写着“阻止全球变暖;请使用安全套”。
09:32
And then this is the picture图片 I mentioned提到 to you --
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这一件我刚才跟大家提过 --
09:35
the weapon武器 of mass protection保护.
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大规模保护性武器。
09:38
And let the next下一个 Olympics奥运会 save保存 some lives生活.
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让下一届奥运会拯救更多生命。
09:41
Why just run around?
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穿上它出去跑一圈吧!
09:43
(Laughter笑声)
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(大笑)
09:46
And then finally最后,
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最后一件,
09:48
in Thailand泰国 we're Buddhist佛教徒, we don't have a God,
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在泰国,我们信佛,不信上帝,
09:51
so instead代替, we say, "In rubber橡胶 we trust相信."
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所以,我们的口号是:“我们信靠橡胶套”。
09:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:55
So you can see that we added添加 everything to our endeavor努力
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大家可以看到,为了让人们过上更美好的生活,
09:57
to make life better for the people.
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我们尽了一切努力。
09:59
We had condoms避孕套 in all the refrigerators冰箱 in the hotels酒店 and the schools学校,
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所有宾馆和学校的冰箱里都保存着安全套,
10:02
because alcohol impairs也妨碍 judgment判断.
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因为人们容易酒后乱性。
10:04
And then what happened发生?
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结果是什么呢?
10:06
After all this time, everybody每个人 joined加盟 in.
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结果,所有人都参与了进来。
10:09
According根据 to the U.N.,
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联合国的数据显示,
10:10
new cases of HIVHIV
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艾滋病的新增病例
10:12
declined下降 by 90 percent百分,
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降低了百分之九十。
10:14
and according根据 to the World世界 Bank银行,
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世界银行的报告显示,
10:16
7.7 million百万 lives生活 were saved保存.
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我们的行动拯救了770万人的生命。
10:18
Otherwise除此以外 there wouldn't不会 be many许多 Thais泰国人 walking步行 around today今天.
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否则,今天就看不到这么多泰国人在街上晃悠了。
10:21
So it just showed显示 you, you could do something about it.
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这是在告诉大家,你们也能尽一份力。
10:24
90 percent百分 of the funding资金 came来了 from Thailand泰国.
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百分之九十的资金都来自泰国国内。
10:26
There was political政治 commitment承诺, some financial金融 commitment承诺,
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有政治性的帮助,经济上的帮助,
10:29
and everybody每个人 joined加盟 in the fight斗争.
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每个人都各尽其责。
10:31
So just don't leave离开 it to the specialists专家 and doctors医生 and nurses护士.
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这不仅仅是专家,医生和护士的责任。
10:34
We all need to help.
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我们都要出力。
10:36
And then we decided决定 to help people out of poverty贫穷,
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接着,我们决定帮助人们脱离贫困,
10:38
now that we got AIDS艾滋病 somewhat有些 out of the way --
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我们成功阻止了艾滋病的蔓延,
10:40
this time, not with government政府 alone单独,
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这一次,政府不再唱独角戏,
10:42
but in cooperation合作 with the business商业 community社区.
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企业与政府开始联袂合作。
10:45
Because poor较差的 people are business商业 people
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穷人其实也可以是生意人,
10:47
who lack缺乏 business商业 skills技能 and access访问 to credit信用.
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只不过他们缺少技能和资金。
10:50
Those are the things to be provided提供 by the business商业 community社区.
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这些都必须由企业界提供。
10:53
We're trying to turn them into barefoot赤脚 entrepreneurs企业家,
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我们帮助他们白手起家,
10:56
little business商业 people.
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做小本生意。
10:58
The only way out of poverty贫穷 is through通过 business商业 enterprise企业.
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致富的唯一出路是创业。
11:00
So, that was doneDONE.
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我们成功了。
11:02
The money goes from the company公司 into the village
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资金引入到农村,
11:04
via通过 tree-planting植树.
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村民靠种树赚钱。
11:06
It's not a free自由 gift礼品.
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这可不是天上掉馅饼。
11:08
They plant the trees树木, and the money goes into their microcredit小额贷款 fund基金,
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他们种树所得的钱要转成小额信贷基金,
11:10
which哪一个 we call the Village Development发展 Bank银行.
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这就是农村发展银行。
11:12
Everybody每个人 joins加入 in,
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大家都参与,
11:14
and they feel they own拥有 the bank银行,
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他们感觉自己是银行的主人,
11:16
because they have brought the money in.
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因为钱都是他们自己的。
11:18
And before you can borrow the money, you need to be trained熟练.
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贷款之前,你必须经过培训。
11:21
And we believe if you want to help the poor较差的,
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我们相信,如果你想帮助
11:23
those who are living活的 in poverty贫穷,
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现在还过着穷日子的人们,
11:25
access访问 to credit信用 must必须 be a human人的 right.
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那么就应该向他们提供贷款。
11:28
Access访问 to credit信用 must必须 be a human人的 right.
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贷款必须成为一项基本人权。
11:30
Otherwise除此以外 they'll他们会 never get out of poverty贫穷.
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否则,他们永远无法从贫困中走出来。
11:33
And then before getting得到 a loan贷款, you must必须 be trained熟练.
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不过拿到贷款之前,你必须经过培训。
11:35
Here's这里的 what we call a "barefoot赤脚 MBAMBA,"
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这个项目叫做“白手MBA”,
11:37
teaching教学 people how to do business商业
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教授如何经商
11:39
so that, when they borrow money, they'll他们会 succeed成功 with the business商业.
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这样,他们贷款以后才会成功赚钱。
11:42
These are some of the businesses企业:
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这些是他们做的生意:
11:44
mushrooms蘑菇, crabs螃蟹, vegetables蔬菜,
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卖蘑菇,螃蟹,蔬菜,
11:47
trees树木, fruits水果,
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树木,水果,
11:49
and this is very interesting有趣 -- Nike耐克 ice cream奶油 and Nike耐克 biscuits饼干;
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这个非常有意思 -- 耐克牌的冰淇淋和饼干。
11:52
this is a village sponsored赞助 by Nike耐克.
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这个村庄是由耐克公司赞助的。
11:54
They said, "They should stop making制造 shoes and clothes衣服.
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他们说:“他们应该停止生产鞋子和服装。
11:56
Make these better, because we can afford给予 them."
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这些更赚钱,因为我们买得起。“
12:00
And then we have silk, Thai泰国 silk.
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我们还有丝绸,泰国丝绸。
12:02
Now we're making制造 Scottish苏格兰的 tartans格子呢, as you can see on the left,
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正如左边这张图,我们现在还生产苏格兰格子呢绒,
12:05
to sell to all people of Scottish苏格兰的 ancestors祖先.
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然后卖给苏格兰后裔。
12:08
So anyone任何人 sitting坐在 in and watching观看 TV电视,
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在场或者电视机前的有意者,
12:10
get in touch触摸 with me.
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可以跟我联系。
12:12
And then this is our answer回答 to Starbucks星巴克 in Thailand泰国 --
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这是泰国的星巴克里的标语 --
12:15
"Coffee咖啡 and Condoms避孕套."
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"咖啡与安全套"。
12:17
See, Starbucks星巴克 you awake苏醒, we keep you awake苏醒 and alive.
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星巴克咖啡让你保持清醒,而我们既让你保持清醒又让你充满活力。
12:20
That's the difference区别.
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这可太不一样了。
12:22
Can you imagine想像, at every一切 Starbucks星巴克
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你能想像吗?你在每家星巴克
12:24
that you can also get condoms避孕套?
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都可以买到安全套吗。
12:26
You can order订购 your condoms避孕套 with your with your cappuccino热奶咖啡.
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你还可以点一杯牛奶咖啡,顺便来几个安全套。
12:31
And then now, finally最后 in education教育,
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最后,在教育方面,
12:33
we want to change更改 the school学校 as being存在 underutilized未充分利用
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我们想充分利用学校资源,
12:36
into a place地点 where it's a lifelong终身 learning学习 center中央 for everyone大家.
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把它变成一个供人终生学习的场所
12:40
We call this our School-Based校本 Integrated集成 Rural乡村 Development发展.
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这叫做校园农村综合发展项目。
12:43
And it's a center中央, a focal point
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对于经济社会发展而言,
12:45
for economic经济 and social社会 development发展.
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这是一个中心任务。
12:47
Re-do重做 the school学校,
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对学校进行改革,
12:49
make it serve服务 the community社区 needs需求.
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让它为社区服务。
12:52
And here is a bamboo building建造 --
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这是一个竹制建筑,
12:54
all of them are bamboo.
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所有建筑都是竹子做的。
12:56
This is a geodesic dome拱顶 made制作 of bamboo.
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这是一个竹制网格穹顶。
12:59
And I'm sure Buckminster巴克明斯特 Fuller富勒 would be very, very proud骄傲
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我想信Buckminster Fuller(美国著名建筑设计师)
13:02
to see a bamboo geodesic dome拱顶.
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要是看到这个竹制穹顶,肯定非常骄傲。
13:05
And we use vegetables蔬菜 around the school学校 ground地面,
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我们把学校周围的土地用做菜地,
13:07
so they raise提高 their own拥有 vegetables蔬菜.
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人们可以自己种菜。
13:09
And then, finally最后, I firmly牢牢 believe,
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最后,我深信,
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if we want the MDGs千年发展目标 to work --
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如果我们希望实现MDG
13:14
the Millennium千年 Development发展 Goals目标 --
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也就是千年发展目标(Millennium Development Goals) --
13:16
we need to add family家庭 planning规划 to it.
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我们就需要把计划生育提上日程。
13:18
Of course课程, child儿童 mortality死亡 first and then family家庭 planning规划 --
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当然,先解决婴儿死亡率问题,接着实行计划生育。
13:21
everyone大家 needs需求 family家庭 planning规划 service服务 --
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每个人都应该为计划生育尽一份力。
13:23
it's underutilized未充分利用.
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计划生育任重道远。
13:25
So we have now found发现 the weapon武器 of mass protection保护.
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我们现在有了大规模保护性武器。
13:27
And we also ask the next下一个 Olympics奥运会
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我们也请求下一届奥林匹克运动会
13:29
to be involved参与 in saving保存 lives生活.
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能够参与拯救生命的伟业中。
13:32
And then, finally最后, that is our network网络.
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最后,这是我们的官方网站。
13:35
And these are our Thai泰国 tulips郁金香.
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这些是泰国“郁金香”。
13:38
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
13:40
Thank you very much indeed确实.
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非常感谢大家。
13:42
(Applause掌声)
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(热烈掌声)
Translated by Lili Liang
Reviewed by Qian Yue

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mechai Viravaidya - Public health expert
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia.

Why you should listen

Mechai Viravaidya is the founder and chair of the Population and Community Development Association (PDA). He's a widely acclaimed leader in the fields of public health, education and community development.

Since 1974, Mr. Mechai has initiated community-based family planning services, innovative poverty reduction and rural education programs, large-scale rural development and environmental programs, as well as groundbreaking HIV/AIDS prevention activities throughout Southeast Asia.

More profile about the speaker
Mechai Viravaidya | Speaker | TED.com