TEDGlobal 2011
Ben Kacyra: Ancient wonders captured in 3D
Ben Kacyra: 遠古奇蹟面面觀
Filmed:
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雖然歷史遺跡讓我們得以見證驚人的上古文明，然而這些遺跡的存在亦正面臨著污染、戰火和未受重視的威脅。Ben Kacyra 以自己創造出的一套獨特的 3D 立體掃描系統，將世界文明遺產精確且鉅細彌遺地保存下來。（請見影片末段的模擬示範）
Ben Kacyra - Digital preservationist
Ben Kacyra uses state-of-the-art technology to preserve cultural heritage sites and let us in on their secrets in a way never before possible. Full bio
Ben Kacyra uses state-of-the-art technology to preserve cultural heritage sites and let us in on their secrets in a way never before possible. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'd like to start with a short story.
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我想先和大家分享一個小故事。
00:20
It's about a little boy
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有一個小男孩，
00:22
whose father was a history buff
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他爸爸是對歷史非常著迷。
00:27
and who used to take him by the hand
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常常牽著小男孩的手
00:29
to visit the ruins of an ancient metropolis
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去參觀他們營地附近
00:33
on the outskirts of their camp.
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一座古老王朝的遺跡。
00:36
They would always stop by to visit
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父子兩總是止步於
00:39
these huge winged bulls that used to guard
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那些曾守護著這個王朝的
00:42
the gates of that ancient metropolis,
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人首翼牛像前。
00:44
and the boy used to be scared
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小男孩對這些
00:46
of these winged bulls,
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人首翼牛像，
00:48
but at the same time they excited him.
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既害怕，又好奇。
00:50
And the dad used to use those bulls
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父親常常從這些神像開始
00:52
to tell the boy stories about
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告訴小男孩許多關於這個
00:54
that civilization and their work.
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失落的王朝的故事。
00:58
Let's fast-forward to the
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現在讓我們快轉到數十年後
01:01
San Francisco Bay Area many decades later,
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的舊金山灣區。
01:04
where I started a technology company
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我在這裡創辦了一家科技公司
01:07
that brought the world its first
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並發明了世界上第一個
01:10
3D laser scanning system.
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3D 立體雷射掃描系統。
01:12
Let me show you how it works.
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請容我來為大家示範一下。
01:14
Female Voice: Long range laser scanning
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背景女聲：遠程雷射掃描
01:16
by sending out a pulse that's a laser beam of light.
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也就是放射出雷射光束的脈衝。
01:19
The system measures the beam's time of flight,
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系統測量光束行進的速度，
01:21
recording the time it takes for the light
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紀錄光束點擊物體表面後反射回來
01:23
to hit a surface and make its return.
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所需的時間。
01:26
With two mirrors, the scanner calculates
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掃描機用兩面鏡子計算出
01:28
the beam's horizontal and vertical angles,
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光束的水平及垂直的角度，
01:31
giving accurate x, y, and z coordinates.
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並賦予準確的x, y, 和z 座標。
01:34
The point is then recorded
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接著，這個點的位置
01:36
into a 3D visualization program.
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就會被紀錄進立體視像程序。
01:41
All of this happens in seconds.
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這一切都是在瞬間內完成。
01:46
Ben Kacyra: You can see here,
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Ben Kacyra: 由此可見，
01:48
these systems are extremely fast.
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這些系統運作速度極其快。
01:51
They collect millions of points at a time
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可以一次非常精確地收集
01:54
with very high accuracy
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數以千萬的
01:56
and very high resolution.
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清晰的座標。
01:58
A surveyor with traditional survey tools
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一個測量員以傳統的測量工具
02:01
would be hard-pressed to produce
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一天中充其量也
02:03
maybe 500 points in a whole day.
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只能測定 500 個座標。
02:06
These babies would be producing
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而這些小傢伙們
02:09
something like ten thousand points a second.
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卻能每秒測定大約一萬個座標。
02:12
So, as you can imagine,
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因此，大家可以想見，
02:14
this was a paradigm shift
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這對測量和營造業，甚至是
02:17
in the survey and construction
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實境捕捉圖像 (reality capture) 行業，
02:19
as well as in reality capture industry.
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都可稱得上是《典範移轉》的發明。
02:26
Approximately ten years ago,
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大約十年前，
02:29
my wife and I started a foundation to do good,
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我太太跟我設立了一個慈善基金。
02:32
and right about that time,
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與此同時，
02:34
the magnificent Bamiyan Buddhas,
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阿富汗
02:37
hundred and eighty foot tall in Afghanistan,
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高達一百八十英尺的巴米揚大佛雕像，
02:40
were blown up by the Taliban.
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被塔里班軍隊炸毀了。
02:43
They were gone in an instant.
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瞬間變為廢墟。
02:45
And unfortunately, there was
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很可惜的是，當時
02:47
no detailed documentation of these Buddhas.
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並沒有任何有關大佛的具體資料。
02:49
This clearly devastated me,
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這件事給我帶來很大的衝擊。
02:51
and I couldn't help but wonder about
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我總是禁不住地關心著
02:53
the fate of my old friends, the winged bulls,
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我的老朋友們，那些人首翼牛像，
02:56
and the fate of the many, many
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和世界各地成千上萬的
02:59
heritage sites all over the world.
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歷史遺跡的命運。
03:02
Both my wife and I
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我太太和我
03:04
were so touched by this
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在感歎之餘
03:06
that we decided to
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也決定將
03:08
expand the mission of our foundation
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世界各地的遺跡保存數位化
03:11
to include digital heritage preservation
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做為我們基金會的
03:15
of world sites.
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目標之一。
03:17
We called the project CyArk,
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我們將這個計畫稱為 CyArk，
03:20
which stands for Cyber Archive.
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意思是 “網絡檔案" (Cyber Archive)。
03:22
To date, with the help of
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在來自全球各地夥伴們的協助下
03:24
a global network of partners,
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我們至今已完成將近
03:27
we've completed close to fifty projects.
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50個計劃案。
03:29
Let me show you some of them:
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讓我來向各位介紹其中幾個計劃：
03:31
Chichen Itza,
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墨西哥的奇琴伊察古蹟，
03:33
Rapa Nui --
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復活節島的雕像 －－
03:35
and what you're seeing here
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這裡各位所看到的是
03:37
are the cloud of points --
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一團團的雷射光點－－
03:39
Babylon,
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巴比倫，
03:41
Rosslyn Chapel,
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羅斯林大教堂，
03:43
Pompeii,
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龐貝古城，
03:45
and our latest project, Mt. Rushmore,
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以及我們最新，
03:47
which happened to be one of
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也是最艱鉅的一項計劃，
03:49
our most challenging projects.
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拉希莫山的總統石雕像。
03:51
As you see here, we had to develop
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各位可以看見，我們必須
03:53
a special rig to bring the scanner
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開發一種特别的索具裝備
03:56
up close and personal.
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將掃描儀器親自運送並裝設到適當位置。
03:59
The results of our work in the field
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這些實地作業的結果
04:02
are used to produce
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被製成各種媒體資訊，
04:04
media and deliverables to be used
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以供古蹟保存工作者與
04:06
by conservators and researchers.
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研究人員參考使用。
04:09
We also produce media for
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我們也
04:13
dissemination to the public --
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透過 CyArk 網站
04:16
free through the CyArk website.
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為大眾提供免費的媒體服務。
04:19
These would be used for education,
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運用範圍包括教育、
04:22
cultural tourism, etc.
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文化、旅遊等層面。
04:24
What you're looking at in here
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現在各位看到的
04:26
is a 3D viewer that we developed
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是我們開發的 3D 立體視窗，
04:29
that would allow the display
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透過它可以即時顯示及操作
04:31
and manipulation of [the] cloud of points
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雷射光點形成的光團，
04:33
in real time, cutting sections through them
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並藉由橫切雷射光團
04:36
and extracting dimensions.
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來測定面積。
04:38
This happens to be the cloud of points
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這是測量
04:40
for Tikal.
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馬雅提卡爾城邦的光團。
04:41
In here you see a traditional 2D
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各位看到的這是
04:43
architectural engineering drawing
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維護修葺用的
04:45
that's used for preservation, and of course
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傳統平面建築工程繪圖。
04:48
we tell the stories through fly-throughs.
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而當然，我們則是透過動態的鳥瞰角度來檢視相同場景。
04:51
And here, this is a fly-through
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這就是以動態的鳥瞰視角
04:53
the cloud of points of Tikal,
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所測定的提卡爾城邦光團，
04:55
and here you see it rendered
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根據我們實地拍攝的影像
04:58
and photo-textured with the photography
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產生反映和圖像紋理
05:00
that we take of the site.
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所呈現出的結果。
05:03
And so this is not a video.
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所以這並不是錄影實景。
05:05
This is actual 3D points with
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實際上這是由高達兩到三百萬個
05:07
two to three millimeter accuracy.
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雷射光點所呈現的精確效果。
05:11
And of course the data can be used
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這些資料當然能
05:13
to develop 3D models that are
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被用來製作
05:16
very accurate and very detailed.
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相當精確且詳細的 3D 立體模型。
05:19
And here you're looking at a model
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你現在所見到的是
05:21
that's extracted from the cloud of points
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從這些光點中凝聚塑造而成的
05:23
for Stirling Castle.
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斯特靈城堡模型。
05:25
It's used for studies, for visualization,
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這個技術可應用於研究，視像化，
05:28
as well as for education.
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教育等範疇。
05:31
And finally, we produce mobile apps
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最後，我們也研發具有解說功能
05:33
that include narrated virtual tools.
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的行動裝置。
05:37
The more I got involved
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我在文化遺產工作領域
05:40
in the heritage field,
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投入越深，
05:42
the more it became clear to me
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就越發意識到
05:45
that we are losing the sites
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這些歷史古蹟及文化掌故
05:48
and the stories faster than we can
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消失的速度
05:51
physically preserve them.
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遠比我們採取具體行動去保護它們的速度更快得多。
05:54
Of course, earthquakes
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自然災害，好比
05:56
and all the natural phenomena --
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地震、水災、
05:58
floods, tornadoes, etc. --
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龍捲風等等
06:00
take their toll.
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自然不在話下。
06:03
However, what occurred to me was
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但讓我更深感痛心
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human-caused destruction, which was
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的卻是人類自己
06:08
not only causing a significant portion
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一手造成的毀害，
06:10
of the destruction, but actually
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不但為數眾多，
06:13
it was accelerating.
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更日益增長。
06:16
This includes arson,
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這些破壞包括縱火、
06:18
urban sprawl,
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城市過分的擴張，
06:20
acid rain, not to mention
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酸雨，
06:23
terrorism and wars.
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更別提戰爭與恐怖活動。
06:25
It was getting more and more apparent
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很顯然，
06:28
that we're fighting a losing battle.
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這是場毫無勝算的爭戰。
06:30
We're losing our sites
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我們失去的不僅僅是遺址，
06:32
and the stories,
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和其背後的文化掌故。
06:34
and basically we're losing
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更失去了全人類
06:36
a piece -- and a significant piece --
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共同擁有的
06:38
of our collective memory.
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一段珍貴的記憶。
06:41
Imagine us as a human race
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且讓我們想像一下，身為人類
06:43
not knowing where we came from.
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卻對自己的出處所知不詳。
06:47
Luckily, in the last two or three decades,
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幸運的是，在過去的二三十年間，
06:50
digital technologies have been developing
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日新月異的數位科技
06:53
that have helped us to develop tools
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讓我們
06:55
that we've brought to bear
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發展了各種工具
06:57
in the digital preservation,
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在數位保存戰中
06:59
in our digital preservation war.
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助了我們一臂之力。
07:01
This includes, for example,
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這些工具包括了
07:03
the 3D laser scanning systems,
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剛剛所提到的 3D 立體雷射掃描系統，
07:07
ever more powerful personal computers,
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功能日益強大的個人電腦，
07:10
3D graphics,
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3D 立體繪圖，
07:12
high-definition digital photography,
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高清數位攝像，
07:15
not to mention the Internet.
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當然還有網際網路。
07:18
Because of this accelerated
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而這加劇的
07:20
pace of destruction,
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毀壞速度，
07:22
it became clear to us that we needed
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亦清楚的警惕著我們本身
07:24
to challenge ourselves and our partners
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和我所有的夥伴們
07:27
to accelerate our work.
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該更加速我們的步伐。
07:29
And we created a project
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因此，我們創立了一個專案計劃
07:31
we call the CyArk 500 Challenge --
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名為 “ CyArk 500 挑戰計畫” －－
07:34
and that is to digitally preserve
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事實上就是
07:37
500 World Heritage Sites
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爭取在5年內，以數位技術
07:40
in five years.
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保存500座世界歷史遺跡。
07:42
We do have the technology
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我們擁有
07:44
that's scaleable,
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靈活的科技，
07:46
and our network of global partners
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而遍佈全球的合作夥伴
07:50
has been expanding and can be expanded
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數目也正以
07:53
at a rapid rate,
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飛快的速度增加之中。
07:55
so we're comfortable
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因此我們非常有信心
07:57
that this task can be accomplished.
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能將計畫順利完成。
08:00
However, to me, the 500 is
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不過對我而言，
08:03
really just the first 500.
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我們目標所說的500僅僅是個開始。
08:07
In order to sustain our work into the future,
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為了繼續維持我們的工作，
08:11
we use technology centers
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我們與本地的大專院校
08:14
where we partner with
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在科技中心
08:17
local universities and colleges
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互相合作。
08:19
to take the technology to them,
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我們將科技知識傳授給他們，
08:22
whereby they then can help us
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而他們則幫我們
08:25
with digital preservation of their heritage sites,
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一起將文化遺跡用數位系統保存起來。
08:28
and at the same time, it gives them
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與此同時，他們也可從從中偷師
08:31
the technology to benefit from in the future.
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在將來派上用場。
08:35
Let me close with another short story.
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結束前讓我再為大家說個小故事。
08:39
Two years ago, we were approached
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兩年前，一位合作夥伴主動向我們尋求協助，
08:41
by a partner of ours to digitally preserve
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希望能將一座非常重要的歷史遺跡 --
08:44
an important heritage site,
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座落在烏干達的
08:46
a UNESCO heritage site in Uganda,
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聯合國教科文組織世界遺產
08:49
the Royal Kasubi Tombs.
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卡蘇比王墓 -- 以數位技術加以保存。
08:52
The work was done successfully in the field,
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我們成功地完成了實地工作，
08:55
and the data was archived
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所有資料也完整無缺地存檔，
08:57
and publicly disseminated
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並透過 CyArk 的網站
08:59
through the CyArk website.
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向大眾公開。
09:02
Last March,
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去年三月，
09:04
we received very sad news.
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我們接到了一個很令人遺憾的消息。
09:07
The Royal Tombs had been destroyed
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王墓懷疑被縱火
09:10
by suspected arson.
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摧毀了。
09:13
A few days later, we received a call:
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幾天後，我們接到一通電話：
09:16
"Is the data available
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是否有資料
09:19
and can it be used for reconstruction?"
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可供我們參考，以重建王墓？
09:23
Our answer, of course, was yes.
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我們當然雙手奉上。
09:28
Let me leave you with a final thought.
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讓我在此作一個小結。
09:31
Our heritage is much more than
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文化遺產除了是我們
09:34
our collective memory --
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共有的回憶之外 --
09:36
it's our collective treasure.
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更是我們共有的財富。
09:38
We owe it to our children,
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為了我們的子孫，
09:41
our grandchildren and the generations
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未來無法謀面的後代們，
09:43
we will never meet
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我們有責任要
09:46
to keep it safe
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好好的保存它們
09:48
and to pass it along.
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並且世代相傳。
09:50
Thank you.
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謝謝各位。
09:52
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
09:54
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:56
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:58
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:09
Well, I'm staying here because
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我還留在這裡
10:13
we wanted to demonstrate to you
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是因為我們希望向各位示範
10:16
the power of this technology
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這項科技的威力。
10:19
and so, while I've been speaking,
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所以剛才我在台上演講時，
10:22
you have been scanned.
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在座各位都已經被掃描下來了。
10:25
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:29
The two wizards that I have
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兩位我躲在幕後
10:32
that are behind the curtain
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的小精靈們
10:34
will help me bring
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將會幫我
10:37
the results on the screen.
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把結果顯示在屏幕上。
10:45
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
10:52
This is all in 3D and of course
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這全都是以 3D 立體形式呈現的
10:55
you can fly through the cloud of points.
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而且各位可以用鳥瞰角度檢視這些光團。
10:58
You can look at it from on top,
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你可以從屋頂上方
11:00
from the ceiling.
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向下俯瞰。
11:02
You can look from different vantage points,
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也可以從不同的視點觀看。
11:04
but I'm going to ask Doug to zoom in
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不過我要請道格把鏡頭拉近
11:07
on an individual in the crowd,
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人群中的某一位觀眾，
11:10
just to show the amount of detail
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以便示範我們
11:13
that we can create.
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所能呈現的細節之微。
11:19
So you have been digitally preserved
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所以說各位在4分鐘內都已被
11:22
in about four minutes.
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數位化保存了。
11:24
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
11:26
I'd like to thank the wizards here.
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我也要謝謝我的精靈們。
11:30
We were very lucky to have
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我們很榮幸
11:33
two of our partners participate in this:
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與兩家機構合作：
11:37
the Historic Scotland,
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蘇格蘭古蹟中心，
11:39
and the Glasgow School of Art.
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及格拉斯哥藝術學院。
11:42
I'd like to also thank personally
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我也想特別對
11:46
the efforts of David Mitchell,
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蘇格蘭古蹟維護中心總監
11:50
who is the Director of Conservation
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大衛米契爾的付出，
11:53
at Historic Scotland.
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致上我個人的感謝之意。
11:55
David.
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大衛。
11:57
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
12:02
And Doug Pritchard, who's the Head of
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以及道格皮查爾，
12:04
Visualization at the Glasgow School of Art.
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格拉斯哥藝術學院的視像化部門的負責人。
12:07
Let's give them a hand.
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請大家給他們熱烈的掌聲。
12:09
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
12:12
Thank you.
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(謝謝)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ben Kacyra - Digital preservationistBen Kacyra uses state-of-the-art technology to preserve cultural heritage sites and let us in on their secrets in a way never before possible.
Why you should listen
As a child, Ben Kacyra was taken to visit the ruins of the ancient city of Nineveh near his home town of Mosul in Iraq, giving him an abiding appreciation for the value of history. So when the Taliban destroyed the Buddhas of Bamiyan in Afghanistan in 2001, the Iraqi-born civil engineer was dismayed. In 2002, he founded California-based nonprofit CyArk in order to apply a highly accurate, portable laser-scanning technology he’d originally developed for monitoring nuclear power plants and other structures – to preserving the world’s cultural heritage sites, what Kacyra calls “our collective human memory”.
CyArk’s methods are fast and accurate: pulsed lasers generate 3D points of clouds, which render surfaces at accuracy to within millimeters. Combined with high-definition photography and traditional surveying techniques these data make it possible to create highly detailed media – photo textured animations, 3D fly-throughs – that digitally preserve our knowledge of heritage sites against natural disaster, war, and neglect, and make them accessible to the world. Among the sites already scanned are ancient sites in Mexico, the leaning tower of Pisa, and Mount Rushmore.
Ben Kacyra | Speaker | TED.com