TEDxKids@Brussels
Gabe Zichermann: How games make kids smarter
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
614,457 views
Can playing video games make you more productive? Gabe Zichermann shows how games are making kids better problem-solvers, and will make us better at everything from driving to multi-tasking.
(Filmed at TEDxKids@Brussels.)
Gabe Zichermann - Entrepreneur, author
Do kids these days have short attention spans, or does the world just move too slow? Gabe Zichermann suggests that today's video games are making children smarter -- and we should all embrace gamification. Full bio
Do kids these days have short attention spans, or does the world just move too slow? Gabe Zichermann suggests that today's video games are making children smarter -- and we should all embrace gamification. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:04
I'm 36 years old.
0
341
1325
我三十六歲。
00:06
My first experience
with the video game business
with the video game business
1
1690
2430
我第一次和電玩遊戲接觸的經驗，
00:08
was neighbors who were wealthier than us
2
4144
2285
是比我們有錢的鄰居
00:10
bringing home an Atari 2600
and playing it.
and playing it.
3
6453
2561
帶了一台雅達利 2600
主機回家玩。
主機回家玩。
00:13
It was a pretty definitive moment for me.
4
9038
1956
對我來說，那是個
非常決定性的時刻。
非常決定性的時刻。
00:15
I also remember going to school,
and on an Apple II,
and on an Apple II,
5
11409
3851
我也記得去學校的時候，
在 Apple II（微電腦）上
在 Apple II（微電腦）上
00:19
playing a game called
"Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?"
"Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?"
6
15284
3044
玩一個遊戲叫做《神偷卡門》，
00:22
an awesome game,
7
18352
2060
那遊戲很棒，
00:24
which was the first time I played a game
in the school context.
in the school context.
8
20436
4274
那是我第一次
在學校裡玩電玩遊戲。
在學校裡玩電玩遊戲。
00:29
When you ask people about the video game
business and what's significant,
business and what's significant,
9
24734
3939
如果你問大家電玩遊戲產業
以及有什麼重要特點，
以及有什麼重要特點，
00:33
most people think that Atari 2600
is really the nexus,
is really the nexus,
10
28697
3645
大部分人會認為
Atari 2600 是關鍵核心，
Atari 2600 是關鍵核心，
00:36
the catalyst of the video game business.
11
32366
2014
是電玩遊戲產業的催化劑。
00:38
But I actually think that "Where
in the World is Carmen Sandiego?"
in the World is Carmen Sandiego?"
12
34404
3146
但，我其實認為《神偷卡門》
00:42
is probably the most important
video game ever made,
video game ever made,
13
37574
2574
可能是史上推出的
電玩遊戲當中最重要的，
電玩遊戲當中最重要的，
00:44
principally because it was
the first and the last time
the first and the last time
14
40172
3615
主要是因為，這是第一次，
也是最後一次，
也是最後一次，
00:48
that parents, teachers and kids all agreed
that a video game was awesome.
that a video game was awesome.
15
43811
4254
父母、老師，和孩子通通
都認為這個電玩遊戲很棒。
都認為這個電玩遊戲很棒。
00:52
(Laughter)
16
48089
1615
（笑聲）
00:54
Now, that was a long time ago.
17
49728
2797
那是好久以前的事了。
00:57
In fact, it was 1987.
18
52549
2012
事實上，那是 1987 年。
00:59
And it may surprise you to know
19
54585
1716
你們可能會覺得很驚訝，
01:00
that "Where in the World
is Carmen Sandiego?" continues to be
is Carmen Sandiego?" continues to be
20
56325
2925
《神偷卡門》一直都是
01:03
the last substantial giant hit
in the entertainment business,
in the entertainment business,
21
59274
3755
娛樂業中後來都沒有
其他產品比它還火紅大賣，
其他產品比它還火紅大賣，
01:07
despite the fact that it was 1987,
which is such an incredibly long time ago,
which is such an incredibly long time ago,
22
63053
4517
儘管它是 1987 年推出的，
那是非常早以前了，
那是非常早以前了，
01:12
and I'm only 36, so you can do the math.
23
67594
2741
且我只有三十六歲，
你們自己算算看。
你們自己算算看。
01:14
Things are completely different today
from what they were.
from what they were.
24
70359
2770
現在事物都和以前大不同了。
舉個簡單的例子，
01:17
Just as a simple example,
25
73153
1268
1987 年，我們認為
這個傢伙大概是發瘋了。
這個傢伙大概是發瘋了。
01:18
in 1987, we thought
this guy was kind of crazy.
this guy was kind of crazy.
26
74445
2403
01:21
Then we met this dude,
27
76872
1925
接著我們認識了這傢伙，
01:23
who has really changed
our perspective on that subject.
our perspective on that subject.
28
78821
3018
他真的改變了我們
對那個主題的觀點。
對那個主題的觀點。
01:26
(Laughter)
29
81863
2130
（笑聲）
01:28
Things have changed.
30
84017
1341
事物已經改變了。
01:29
(Laughter)
31
85382
3297
（笑聲）
01:33
Anti-Bush political humor
goes a long way in Western Europe.
goes a long way in Western Europe.
32
88703
2848
反布希的政治幽默在西歐持續很久。
01:36
(Laughter)
33
91575
1025
（笑聲）
01:37
So, between 1987 and now,
34
92624
2705
所以，從 1987 年到現今，
01:39
I played a lot of this game
called "Civilization,"
called "Civilization,"
35
95353
2338
我常常在玩這個叫做
《文明帝國》的遊戲，
《文明帝國》的遊戲，
01:42
which was designed by a guy
named Sid Meier.
named Sid Meier.
36
97715
2083
它的設計者是席德梅爾。
事實上，我已經把人生中
約八千到一萬小時
約八千到一萬小時
01:44
In fact, I spent about 8- to 10,000
hours of my life playing "Civilization,"
hours of my life playing "Civilization,"
37
99822
4277
拿來玩《文明帝國》，
01:48
which is a long time I probably
should have spent studying.
should have spent studying.
38
104123
2784
這相當可觀的時間
或許本該應用在讀書上
或許本該應用在讀書上
但，不論如何，我把對於
電玩遊戲的熱愛變成了工作，
電玩遊戲的熱愛變成了工作，
01:51
But nonetheless, I managed to turn
this love of video games into a job,
this love of video games into a job,
39
106931
3498
01:54
first working on the Game
Developers Conference,
Developers Conference,
40
110453
2277
一開始在遊戲開發者大會工作，
協助成立電玩遊戲界第一間
成功的數位經銷公司 Trymedia，
成功的數位經銷公司 Trymedia，
01:57
helping to start the first successful
digital distribution company in games,
digital distribution company in games,
41
112754
3739
02:01
called Trymedia,
42
116517
1157
現在，則是在寫
Gamification 的部落格。
Gamification 的部落格。
02:02
and then now, writing
the Gamification blog.
the Gamification blog.
43
117698
2059
我寫過兩本以遊戲化為主題的書，
02:04
I'm author of two books
on the subject of gamification,
on the subject of gamification,
44
119781
2586
包括最近期的《設計遊戲化》，
由歐萊禮出版。
由歐萊禮出版。
02:06
including the recent "Gamification
by Design," published by O'Reilly.
by Design," published by O'Reilly.
45
122391
3252
「遊戲化高峰會」是由我主持，
02:10
And I chair the Gamification Summit,
46
125667
1726
02:11
which is an event that brings
all this stuff together.
all this stuff together.
47
127417
2551
將所有這一切集合起來的活動。
就許多層面上來說，
我實現了父母的夢想，
我實現了父母的夢想，
02:14
So in many ways, I am parents' dream
48
129992
2408
02:16
of how somebody can turn a sedentary
lifestyle of playing video games
lifestyle of playing video games
49
132424
4933
可以把坐著玩電玩遊戲的
生活方式轉變為
生活方式轉變為
02:21
into an actual career
that pays real money.
that pays real money.
50
137381
2530
真正的職業，還能賺到真正的錢。
02:24
So when I get invited
to an event like this,
to an event like this,
51
139935
2377
所以，當我被邀請
參與這樣的活動時，
參與這樣的活動時，
02:26
I'm sure that all of you
expect me to get up here and say,
expect me to get up here and say,
52
142336
2762
我相信你們都預期
我會站上台然後說：
我會站上台然後說：
「電玩遊戲對你們的孩子很好。」
02:29
"Games are awesome for your children."
53
145122
1891
02:31
Right? Because I'm a games guy
and this is how I make my living.
and this is how I make my living.
54
147037
3091
對吧？因為我是電玩人，
我就是這樣維生的。
我就是這樣維生的。
（掌聲）
02:34
(Applause)
55
150152
1059
電玩遊戲能協助孩子。
但，我想問你們一個不同的問題，
但，我想問你們一個不同的問題，
02:35
Games will help children.
56
151235
1224
02:36
But instead, I want to ask you
a different question,
a different question,
57
152483
2476
即：說真的，誰需要
電玩遊戲協助？
電玩遊戲協助？
02:39
which is: Really, who needs games help?
58
154983
1890
02:41
I started this process by thinking
about reading a particular article
about reading a particular article
59
156897
4386
我會開始這個過程，
是因為我近期在《紐約時報》
是因為我近期在《紐約時報》
讀到的一篇文章讓我有些想法。
02:45
in the New York Times recently.
60
161307
1496
02:47
In the article, a neuroscientist
was talking about
was talking about
61
162827
2394
文章中，一位神經科學家在談論
02:49
how children were presenting themselves
with attention deficit disorder.
with attention deficit disorder.
62
165245
3417
有注意力缺失症的孩子。
02:53
Their parents would come in and say,
63
168686
1716
他們的父母會跑來說：
「我的孩子不可能
有注意力缺失症，
有注意力缺失症，
02:54
"My kids can't possibly have ADD,
64
170426
2354
02:57
because they're super good
at focusing on video games,
at focusing on video games,
65
172804
3154
因為他們在玩
電玩遊戲時超級專注，
電玩遊戲時超級專注，
但上學時，表現就很糟。」
03:00
But when they go to school,
they're really bad."
they're really bad."
66
175982
2247
這位神經科學家在文章中
揭穿這個想法的真相。
揭穿這個想法的真相。
03:02
The neuroscientist was debunking
this idea in the article.
this idea in the article.
67
178253
2795
她搬出了一些研究者，
如紐約大學的克里斯多夫盧卡斯，
如紐約大學的克里斯多夫盧卡斯，
03:05
She trotted out researchers
like Dr Christopher Lucas at NYU,
like Dr Christopher Lucas at NYU,
68
181072
3479
03:09
who said games don't teach
the right kind of attention skills
the right kind of attention skills
69
184575
3567
他說遊戲無法教導
正確的注意力技巧，
正確的注意力技巧，
03:12
where kids have sustained attention,
70
188166
2531
因為孩子們保持注意力，
03:15
where they're not receiving
regular rewards.
regular rewards.
71
190721
2163
但他們沒有接收到一般的獎賞。
03:17
And she trotted out experts
72
192908
1351
她還搬出專家，
03:18
like Dr Dimitri Christakis
at the University of Washington,
at the University of Washington,
73
194283
2835
如華盛頓大學的
狄米崔克里斯塔奇斯，
狄米崔克里斯塔奇斯，
03:21
who said that kids
who play a lot of video games
who play a lot of video games
74
197142
2284
他說玩很多電玩遊戲的孩子
03:23
may find the real world unpalatable
or uninteresting,
or uninteresting,
75
199450
2747
可能會覺得真實世界
很讓人不愉快或是無趣，
很讓人不愉快或是無趣，
03:26
as a result of their
sensitization to games.
sensitization to games.
76
202221
2591
這是他們對於電玩遊戲的
感受性增加所造成的。
感受性增加所造成的。
03:29
So I sat there and thought to myself,
I'm scratching my head,
I'm scratching my head,
77
204836
3578
所以我坐在那裡，一邊抓頭一邊想，
03:32
is it that our children have ADD,
78
208438
3361
是我們的孩子有注意力缺失症嗎？
03:36
or is our world just too freaking slow
for our children to appreciate?
for our children to appreciate?
79
211823
5569
還是由於世界的節奏實在太慢了，
以致我們的孩子無法去欣賞它？
03:41
(Applause)
80
217416
1158
（掌聲）
03:43
Seriously, consider the picture
you're looking at right now,
you're looking at right now,
81
218598
3439
說真的，想想看你們
現在所看見的這張圖，
現在所看見的這張圖，
03:46
like in my era, even my grandfather's era,
82
222061
2714
就像在我的時代，我祖父的時代，
03:49
sitting down on a Sunday afternoon
to read a good book with a cup of tea --
to read a good book with a cup of tea --
83
224799
4599
星期日下午坐下來
看一本好書喝一杯好茶——
看一本好書喝一杯好茶——
03:53
I just have to say,
84
229422
1201
我得要說，
03:55
I don't think that today's kids
are ever going to do that.
are ever going to do that.
85
230647
2818
我不認為現今的孩子會做這種事。
在他們所玩的電玩遊戲中
可以找到證據。
可以找到證據。
03:57
The evidence is found
in the games they play.
in the games they play.
86
233489
2493
04:00
Consider the video game
"World of Warcraft."
"World of Warcraft."
87
236006
2050
想想看《魔獸世界》這個遊戲。
04:02
When I was growing up,
88
238080
1323
在我成長過程，
04:03
the maximum skill that I was expected
to display in a video game
to display in a video game
89
239427
3332
我玩電玩遊戲時需用的技巧頂多是
04:07
was simple hand-eye coordination,
90
242783
1611
簡單的手眼協調，
04:08
a joystick and a firing button.
91
244418
1794
操作一支搖桿和一個發射按鈕。
04:10
Today's kids play games
in which they're expected to chat
in which they're expected to chat
92
246236
3029
現今的孩子在玩電玩遊戲時，
還要用文字和聲音交談、
04:13
in text and voice,
93
249289
1430
04:15
operate a character,
follow long- and short-term objectives,
follow long- and short-term objectives,
94
250743
3073
操作角色、遵循短期和長期目標，
04:18
and deal with their parents interrupting
them all the time to talk to them.
them all the time to talk to them.
95
253840
3588
還要處理父母不時來
跟他們說話打斷他們的遊戲。
跟他們說話打斷他們的遊戲。
（笑聲）
04:21
(Laughter)
96
257452
1093
孩子得要有非凡的
「多重任務執行」技巧，
「多重任務執行」技巧，
04:23
Kids have to have
an extraordinary multitasking skill
an extraordinary multitasking skill
97
258569
2804
04:25
to be able to achieve things today.
98
261397
1707
才能玩現今的這些遊戲。
04:27
We never had to have that.
99
263128
1464
我們以前不曾需要那些。
04:29
It turns out things like that
actually make you smarter.
actually make you smarter.
100
264616
4544
結果發現，這些東西
實際上會讓你更聰明。
實際上會讓你更聰明。
04:33
Research by Arne May et Al
at the University of Regensburg in Germany
at the University of Regensburg in Germany
101
269184
3484
阿恩梅等人在德國
雷根斯堡大學所做的研究
雷根斯堡大學所做的研究
04:37
found that when they gave participants --
this was actually done on adults --
this was actually done on adults --
102
272692
4066
發現當他們給予受試者——
研究對象是成人——
研究對象是成人——
04:41
a simple task to learn, like juggling,
103
276782
2492
一項簡單的任務，
要他們學習，如雜耍，
要他們學習，如雜耍，
04:43
in 12 weeks,
104
279298
1490
十二週之後，
04:45
people who were asked to learn juggling
105
280812
1867
被要求學習雜耍的人
04:47
displayed a marked increase
in gray matter in their brain.
in gray matter in their brain.
106
282703
3803
大腦中的灰白質有顯著增加。
04:51
On an MRI, you can see
people get more gray matter
people get more gray matter
107
286530
3363
用磁共振造影來看，
會發現花了十二週
會發現花了十二週
學習雜耍的人得到更多的灰白質。
04:54
after 12 weeks of learning juggling.
108
289917
1882
04:56
In 2008, they went back
and redid the study
and redid the study
109
291823
2679
2008 年，他們重做這項研究，
04:59
to see why the gray matter increased.
110
294526
2055
想了解為什麼灰白質會增加。
05:01
They discovered it was the act of learning
111
296605
2571
他們發現，是「學習」這個行為
05:03
that produced the increased brain matter,
112
299200
1993
造成大腦灰白質增加，
而不是雜耍這個活動本身造成的，
05:05
not performance at the activity itself,
113
301217
2597
05:08
which is a very interesting finding.
114
303838
1845
這是個非常有趣的發現。
05:10
It also reinforced this idea,
which should go over well here as well,
which should go over well here as well,
115
305707
4017
這也支持了一個想法，
在此這想法應該也很能被接受，
在此這想法應該也很能被接受，
05:14
that multilingual people
outperform monolingual people
outperform monolingual people
116
309748
3474
就是：會說多種語言的人
比只說單一語言的人
比只說單一語言的人
05:17
on most standardized tests by about 15%.
117
313246
2874
標準化測驗的成績高出約15%。
05:20
There's something that happens
in the brain from that kind of activity.
in the brain from that kind of activity.
118
316144
3510
那種活動會使大腦發生反應。
05:24
Andrea Kuszewski,
speaking at Harvard, talked about
speaking at Harvard, talked about
119
319678
3865
安卓亞克瑟斯基在哈佛的演說中談到
05:28
these five things that people do
to increase their grey matter
to increase their grey matter
120
323567
3657
可以做這五件事情來增加灰白質，
05:31
and to teach themselves
to increase their fluid intelligence.
to increase their fluid intelligence.
121
327248
3341
來教導自己，
增加自己的「流質智力」。
增加自己的「流質智力」。
05:35
"Fluid intelligence" is the intelligence
we use to problem-solve.
we use to problem-solve.
122
330613
3683
流質智力是我們用在
解決問題上的智力。
解決問題上的智力。
05:38
It's different from
crystalline intelligence,
crystalline intelligence,
123
334320
2113
它和固定智力不同，
它協助我們解決問題。
05:40
it helps us problem-solve.
124
336457
1254
05:42
She identified, from the research,
125
337735
1894
她從研究當中發現，
05:44
that there were five things you could do:
126
339653
1983
有五件事是你可以做的：
尋找新穎之處，挑戰你自己，
05:46
seek novelty,
127
341660
1151
05:47
challenge yourself,
128
342835
1151
創意地思考，
以更有挑戰性的方式做事，
以更有挑戰性的方式做事，
05:48
think creatively,
129
344010
1151
05:49
do things the hard way
130
345185
1151
和建立網路。
05:50
and network.
131
346360
1151
想想看這五件事。
05:52
Think about those five things.
132
347535
1631
05:53
Any of you play video games?
133
349190
1357
有人玩電玩遊戲嗎？
05:55
Does it resemble the basic pattern
of a video game to you in any way?
of a video game to you in any way?
134
350571
4430
是不是讓你聯想到
電玩遊戲的基本模式呢？
電玩遊戲的基本模式呢？
05:59
These are five things that recur
in all very successful video games.
in all very successful video games.
135
355025
3906
這五件事在所有非常成功的
電玩遊戲中不斷出現。
電玩遊戲中不斷出現。
06:03
It also is connected to a constant
and exponential increase in learning.
and exponential increase in learning.
136
358955
5377
它們也和學習的
持續指數成長有關。
06:08
Video games fundamentally present
a continuous process of learning to users.
a continuous process of learning to users.
137
364356
4445
基本上，電玩遊戲是將一個
持續的學習過程呈獻給使用者。
持續的學習過程呈獻給使用者。
06:13
They don't just learn
for a little while and then stop.
for a little while and then stop.
138
368825
2778
他們並不會只學習一下子就停了。
06:16
They're constantly evolving
and moving forward.
and moving forward.
139
371627
2443
他們在不斷進步、前行。
06:18
It may, in fact, help us to explain
the Flynn effect, finally.
the Flynn effect, finally.
140
374458
4009
事實上，這能協助我們解釋
弗林效應。
06:22
The "Flynn effect,"
for those of you who don't know,
for those of you who don't know,
141
378491
2447
若你不知道「弗林效應」是什麼，
它是一種模式，顯示
人類智慧會隨著時間增加。
人類智慧會隨著時間增加。
06:25
is the pattern that human intelligence
is actually rising over time.
is actually rising over time.
142
380962
3316
06:28
So if we look at the history of IQ,
people, in fact, are getting smarter.
people, in fact, are getting smarter.
143
384302
3903
如果我們去看智力商數的歷史，
事實上，人是越來越聰明的。
事實上，人是越來越聰明的。
06:32
In the US right now,
144
388229
1275
在現今的美國，
06:34
average IQ is rising
at .36 points of IQ per year.
at .36 points of IQ per year.
145
389528
4685
平均智力商數每年會提升 0.36 點。
06:38
What's been very interesting
is that in some countries --
is that in some countries --
146
394237
2723
有趣的是，在一些國家——
並不是要指誰，但丹麥和挪威——
06:41
not to call anyone out,
but Denmark and Norway --
but Denmark and Norway --
147
396984
2354
在一些國家，整體的固定智力商數
06:43
in some countries, overall crystalline IQ
148
399362
3015
06:46
has stopped or slowed down or declined.
149
402401
3039
已經停滯、增加遲緩，或下降了。
06:49
In other countries, though,
150
405464
1449
不過，在其他國家，
06:51
particularly when looking at fluid IQ,
fluid intelligence,
fluid intelligence,
151
406937
3153
特別是看流質智力商數，
流質智力時，
流質智力時，
06:54
the number is increasing,
152
410114
1254
數字是在增加的，
06:55
and the rate of fluid intelligence
increase is increasing,
increase is increasing,
153
411392
3800
且從九○年代開始，流質智力
增加的速度也在變快。
06:59
starting in the 1990s.
154
415216
2100
07:02
Coincidence? I think not.
155
417710
2141
巧合？我不認為。
07:04
(Laughter)
156
419875
1016
（笑聲）
07:05
In fact, games are wired to produce
a particular kind of reaction in people.
a particular kind of reaction in people.
157
420915
5220
事實上，
遊戲本來就是設計
要讓人產生特定的反應。
要讓人產生特定的反應。
07:10
So we've got this learning brain increase,
158
426159
2012
所以連帶促成我們大腦的
學習與多重執行功能增强
07:12
multitasking brain increase connection,
159
428195
2250
07:14
and we also have a strong
dopamine loop in the brain.
dopamine loop in the brain.
160
430469
3287
在大腦中，我們也有
一種很強的多巴胺循環。
一種很強的多巴胺循環。
07:18
As games present a challenge,
161
433780
1582
面對遊戲中的挑戰時，
07:19
and you struggle to achieve that challenge
and you overcome it,
and you overcome it,
162
435386
2999
你努力著想要完成
那挑戰，且克服了它，
那挑戰，且克服了它，
你的大腦就會釋放多巴胺。
那會產生內在的強化。
那會產生內在的強化。
07:22
dopamine is released in your brain.
163
438409
1690
07:24
And that produces
an intrinsic reinforcement.
an intrinsic reinforcement.
164
440123
2512
07:27
In the words of Judy,
that produces an intrinsic reinforcement
that produces an intrinsic reinforcement
165
442659
3507
用茱蒂的話來說，
那種產生出來的內在強化，
那種產生出來的內在強化，
07:30
that causes you to go back
166
446190
1338
會造成你回去
07:32
and keep seeking that activity
over and over again.
over and over again.
167
447552
3703
持續不斷地追求那活動。
07:35
So this is really powerful stuff.
168
451279
2074
所以，這是非常強大的。
07:37
I want to introduce you to an educator
who understands this in intricate detail,
who understands this in intricate detail,
169
453377
4896
我要向各位介紹一位教育家，
他對於這個現象有非常精細的了解，
07:42
named Ananth Pai.
170
458297
1742
他叫做阿南特白。
07:44
Ananth was a very successful
businessperson
businessperson
171
460063
2876
阿南特是非常成功的生意人，
07:47
who worked on process reengineering.
172
462963
2196
他做的是流程改革。
07:50
When his kids went into school
in White Bear Lake, Minnesota,
in White Bear Lake, Minnesota,
173
466087
3710
明尼蘇達的白熊湖位于
明尼阿波利斯聖保羅都會區近郊，
明尼阿波利斯聖保羅都會區近郊，
07:54
a suburb of Minneapolis-Saint Paul,
174
469821
1868
當他的孩子在那裡上學時，
他看到了教育體制（中的問題），
並下定決心要採取行動。
並下定決心要採取行動。
07:56
he saw the education system
175
471713
1357
07:57
and decided he wanted
to do something about it.
to do something about it.
176
473094
2247
已經是成人的他，
回去取得了教育碩士，
回去取得了教育碩士，
07:59
So as an adult, he went back
and got a master's in [Education]
and got a master's in [Education]
177
475365
2972
並在白熊湖小學教一個班。
08:02
and took over a class
at White Bear Lake Elementary School.
at White Bear Lake Elementary School.
178
478361
2801
阿南特白把標準課程換掉，
08:05
Ananth Pai replaced
the standard curriculum
the standard curriculum
179
481186
2787
08:08
with a video game based curriculum
of his own design,
of his own design,
180
483997
2874
換成他自己設計的，
以電玩遊戲為基礎的課程，
以電玩遊戲為基礎的課程，
08:11
separating the kids into leaning styles
181
486895
2314
將孩子用學習風格來區分，
08:13
and giving them Nintendo DS's
and computer games --
and computer games --
182
489233
2945
並給他們任天堂 DS
和電腦的遊戲，
和電腦的遊戲，
08:16
everything off the shelf,
nothing custom --
nothing custom --
183
492202
2226
全都是市售現成，沒任何特製的——
08:18
giving them Nintendo DS's
and computer games
and computer games
184
494452
2527
給他們任天堂 DS 和電腦的遊戲，
08:21
that were both individual
and social to play,
and social to play,
185
497003
2144
可以一個人玩，也可以團體玩，
08:23
that taught them math and language.
186
499171
2247
遊戲會教他們數學和語言。
08:25
Let me tell you what happened.
187
501442
1815
讓我告訴各位後續發展。
08:27
In the space of 18 weeks,
188
503281
3739
經過了十八週，十八週，
08:31
Mr. Pai's class went
from a below-3rd-grade level
from a below-3rd-grade level
189
507044
3772
白先生的班，在閱讀和數學方面，
從本來不到三年級的水平，
08:35
in reading and math
190
510840
1325
08:36
to a mid-4th-grade level
in reading and math.
in reading and math.
191
512189
3522
提升到四年級中等水平。
08:40
In 18 weeks of a game-based curriculum.
192
515735
3302
只用了十八週以遊戲為基礎的課程。
08:43
More importantly,
when you talk to the children,
when you talk to the children,
193
519061
2426
更重要的是，當你去和那些孩子談，
08:46
when they're interviewed on television,
even away from Mr. Pai,
even away from Mr. Pai,
194
521511
4091
當他們在電視上受訪，
甚至白先生不在身旁的時候，
甚至白先生不在身旁的時候，
08:50
they say two things over and over again,
195
525626
2421
他們也會不斷說，有兩件事
08:52
that help them learn in his class:
196
528071
2066
協助他們在他的班級裡學習：
08:54
learning is fun,
197
530161
2254
學習很有趣，
08:56
and learning is multiplayer.
198
532439
2126
以及學習是多個人一起學習的。
08:59
Whether they use those exact words or not,
199
535186
2042
他們不見得用確切的字眼來描述，
09:01
they say learning is fun
and learning is multiplayer.
and learning is multiplayer.
200
537252
2537
但都說到學習很有趣，
且是多個人一起學習的。
且是多個人一起學習的。
09:04
This is the key to making that experience
really successful for kids.
really successful for kids.
201
539813
3499
這個關鍵，讓孩子們的
這段經驗變得十分成功。
這段經驗變得十分成功。
09:07
It's also true, though,
that we need to talk about
that we need to talk about
202
543336
2592
不過，我們也確實需要談談
09:10
the relationship between kids
and violence in games.
and violence in games.
203
545952
2464
孩子和遊戲中的暴力之間的關係。
09:12
Study after study very clearly tells you
204
548440
2007
一篇又一篇的研究很清楚告訴大家，
09:14
that violent games
do not make children violent.
do not make children violent.
205
550471
2585
暴力的遊戲並不會讓孩子變得暴力。
09:17
We also must acknowledge, however,
206
553080
1748
然而，我們也必須要承認，
09:19
that if you have a child
predisposed to violence,
predisposed to violence,
207
554852
2451
如果你的孩子提早接觸到暴力，
09:21
violent games may help make them
a better violent child.
a better violent child.
208
557327
3222
暴力遊戲可能會協助他們
成為比較好的暴力孩子。
成為比較好的暴力孩子。
09:25
If they train kids to do other things,
they also will train that,
they also will train that,
209
560573
3347
如果遊戲在其他方面訓練孩子，
就也會訓練那一方面，
就也會訓練那一方面，
09:28
and we need to accept that,
210
563944
1295
我們需要接受，
09:29
and we need to start
understanding the connection
understanding the connection
211
565263
2303
且我們需要開始了解，
遊戲這種訓練形式的連結。
遊戲這種訓練形式的連結。
09:32
between games as a form of training.
212
567590
1759
我們不能總括地說
它們不會影響孩子。
它們不會影響孩子。
09:33
We can't blanket-say
that they don't affect kids.
that they don't affect kids.
213
569373
2334
那不是真的。
09:36
It's not true.
214
571731
1162
我想要把推動這趨勢的那群人稱為
09:37
I'd like to call the group of people
who are driving this trend forward
who are driving this trend forward
215
572917
3861
09:41
"Generation G."
216
576802
1159
「G 世代」。
09:42
There are 126 million millennials
in the United States and the EU,
in the United States and the EU,
217
577985
4128
在美國和歐盟，千禧世代的人數
有一億兩千六百萬人，
有一億兩千六百萬人，
09:46
plus younger kids we can't yet count,
218
582137
2154
再加上更小的孩子
還沒有被我們計算進來，
還沒有被我們計算進來，
09:48
that form Generation G.
219
584315
1461
他們形成了 G 世代。
09:50
And the way that Generation G
is different from X, Y,
is different from X, Y,
220
585800
4450
而 G 世代和 X 世代、
Y 世代的不同之處，
Y 世代的不同之處，
09:54
and all the different generations
that we may belong to,
that we may belong to,
221
590274
2709
以及我們其他人所屬
其他世代的不同之處，
其他世代的不同之處，
09:57
is that video games
are the primary form of entertainment
are the primary form of entertainment
222
593007
2903
電玩遊戲
是 G 世代的主要娛樂形式。
10:00
that Generation G is consuming.
223
595934
1700
電玩遊戲是他們主要娛樂形式。
10:02
It is their primary form of entertainment.
224
597658
2014
這已經開始對社會
有很巨大的影響了。
有很巨大的影響了。
10:04
This is already starting to have
a tremendous effect on society.
a tremendous effect on society.
225
599696
3092
G 世代對於類似電玩遊戲的慾望，
10:07
All around us, Generation G's desire
for game-like experiences
for game-like experiences
226
602812
3612
正在我們周遭重塑產業，
10:10
is reshaping industries,
227
606448
1585
10:12
from Foursquare, which caused the mobile
social networking ecosystem to start,
social networking ecosystem to start,
228
608057
4809
從 Foursquare，它帶起了
行動社交網路生態系統，
行動社交網路生態系統，
10:17
to companies like Nike, Coke, Chase,
and also Kozinga,
and also Kozinga,
229
612890
5521
到 Nike、
可口可樂、大通銀行，
以及 Kozinga 這類公司。
以及 Kozinga 這類公司。
10:22
which owes much of its success to games.
230
618435
2492
Kozinga 的成功有很大一部分
是遊戲的功勞。
是遊戲的功勞。
10:25
The trend that underlies this whole
pattern is called "gamification."
pattern is called "gamification."
231
620951
3810
在這整個模式背後的
趨勢就叫做「遊戲化」。
趨勢就叫做「遊戲化」。
10:29
It's a word that many of you,
I'm sure, have heard.
I'm sure, have heard.
232
624785
2394
我相信在座很多人都聽過這個詞。
10:31
A simple definition of gamification
is it's the process of using game thinking
is it's the process of using game thinking
233
627203
4130
遊戲化的簡單定義是：
它是一個流程，
它是一個流程，
用遊戲思想以及遊戲技巧
10:35
and game mechanics
234
631357
1219
10:37
to engage audiences and solve problems.
235
632600
2600
來和觀眾連結以及解決問題。
10:39
Part of the reason gamification has become
such an emergent topic right now
such an emergent topic right now
236
635224
3880
現在遊戲化變成一個
新興的主題，有部分原因
新興的主題，有部分原因
是因為 G 世代對文化和社會
已經產生了影響。
已經產生了影響。
10:43
is because of Generation G's effect
on culture and society already.
on culture and society already.
237
639128
3540
10:47
Their expectations are different.
238
642692
1573
他們的期望不同。
10:48
Some examples of gamification
that you may have seen
that you may have seen
239
644289
2535
各位可能已經看過
一些遊戲化的例子，
一些遊戲化的例子，
10:51
that are really fascinating to me
240
646848
1608
我覺得很迷人的例子，
10:52
are the emergence
of in-dash[board] games in cars.
of in-dash[board] games in cars.
241
648480
2510
就是遊戲開始出現在
汽車內部的儀表板上了。
汽車內部的儀表板上了。
10:55
Today, if you buy a hybrid
or an electric vehicle,
or an electric vehicle,
242
651014
4145
現今，如果你購買一台
油電混合車或電動車，
油電混合車或電動車，
10:59
you'll almost certainly see
243
655183
1362
你很可能會看到
11:01
the product of a hundred million
dollars' worth of tooling
dollars' worth of tooling
244
656569
2804
用價值數百萬美元的工具、研究，
和開發所產出的產品，
11:03
and research and development,
245
659397
1409
11:05
in the form of a Tamagotchi-style game,
246
660830
2379
以掌上電子寵物機的
遊戲風格形式呈現，
遊戲風格形式呈現，
11:07
in a dashboard designed to make you
a more ecological driver.
a more ecological driver.
247
663233
4148
放在儀表板的設計中，
讓你成為更環保的駕駛。
讓你成為更環保的駕駛。
11:11
Most of the game mechanics
are very simple:
are very simple:
248
667405
3021
大部分的遊戲技巧都非常簡單：
11:14
a plant grows as you drive
more ecologically
more ecologically
249
670450
2736
如果你用有益生態的方式開車，
植物就會成長，
植物就會成長，
11:17
and withers if you don't,
250
673210
1442
如果不，它就會枯萎，
11:19
like those virtual pets Tamagotchi.
251
674676
2018
像掌上電子寵物機的虛擬寵物那樣。
11:21
This is an example
of gamification at work.
of gamification at work.
252
676718
3486
這是使用遊戲化的一個例子。
11:24
Another really interesting example
is a thing called "speed camera lottery,"
is a thing called "speed camera lottery,"
253
680228
3787
還有一個非常有趣的例子，
就是所謂的「測速相機樂透」，
就是所謂的「測速相機樂透」，
11:28
designed by Kevin Richardson,
based in San Francisco, works for MTV.
based in San Francisco, works for MTV.
254
684039
4181
由凱文理查森設計，
他在舊金山為 MTV 工作，
他在舊金山為 MTV 工作，
11:32
Awesome guy.
255
688244
1151
了不起的傢伙。
11:33
This is the concept
in speed camera lottery:
in speed camera lottery:
256
689419
2094
這就是測速相機樂透的概念：
就是當你經過時，拍照
並寄罰單給你的測速相機。
並寄罰單給你的測速相機。
11:36
you know those speeding cameras
that you pass by,
that you pass by,
257
691537
2500
11:38
and they take your picture
and send you a ticket?
and send you a ticket?
258
694061
2309
在許多斯堪的納維亞國家中，
11:40
In many Scandinavian countries,
259
696394
1478
你拿到的罰單並不單單
根據你的車速多快，
根據你的車速多快，
11:42
the ticket you get is actually based
not only on how fast you were going,
not only on how fast you were going,
260
697896
3517
也要看你賺多少錢：
你賺得越多，罰金就越重。
你賺得越多，罰金就越重。
11:45
but how much money you make:
the more you make, the bigger the ticket.
the more you make, the bigger the ticket.
261
701437
3342
凱文改革了瑞典的測速相機，
11:49
Kevin reengineered
a speeding camera in Sweden
a speeding camera in Sweden
262
704803
2830
11:52
that instead of just giving tickets
263
707657
1695
它不只會開罰單
11:53
to people who drive over the speed limit
that pass the camera,
that pass the camera,
264
709376
3029
給開車經過相機時超速的人，
11:56
anybody who drives under the limit
is entered into a lottery
is entered into a lottery
265
712429
3409
所有開車經過但沒有
超速的人都可參與樂透，
超速的人都可參與樂透，
12:00
to win the proceeds
of the people who speed.
of the people who speed.
266
715862
2350
獎金就是超速的人的罰款。
12:02
(Laughter)
267
718236
2388
（笑聲）
12:05
(Applause)
268
720648
2002
（掌聲）
12:07
It is game thinking --
that term I described earlier,
that term I described earlier,
269
722674
3660
這是遊戲思考——
我先前說過這個詞，
我先前說過這個詞，
12:10
the core foundation of gamification --
270
726358
1839
遊戲化的核心基礎——
12:12
in its purest and most beautiful form:
271
728221
2730
且這是個最純粹且最漂亮的形式：
12:15
take a big, negative reinforcement loop
272
730975
2092
把一個大型、負面的強化循環
12:17
and turn it into small, incremental
positive reinforcement loop.
positive reinforcement loop.
273
733091
3022
轉變成一個小型、增值、
正面的強化循環。
正面的強化循環。
12:20
It had the effect of dropping speed
by over 20% at that point of intervention.
by over 20% at that point of intervention.
274
736137
4400
實施後的效益是降速超過 20%。
12:25
Corporations have also become aware
of the trend of gamification
of the trend of gamification
275
740561
3197
企業也開始意識到遊戲化的趨勢，
12:28
and the effect of games on people
like Generation G.
like Generation G.
276
743782
3097
以及遊戲對於 G 世代有什麼影響。
12:31
Gartner Group says that by 2015,
277
746903
1943
高德納諮詢公司宣稱，到 2015 年，
12:33
70% of all the Global 2000,
the biggest companies in the world,
the biggest companies in the world,
278
748870
3765
全球前兩千大企業當中有 70%
12:37
will be actively using gamification,
279
752659
1976
會主動使用遊戲化，
12:39
and 50% of their process of innovation
280
754659
2688
它們的創新流程中
有 50% 會被遊戲化，
有 50% 會被遊戲化，
12:41
will be gamified,
281
757371
1152
這點非常驚人。
12:43
which is an astonishing thing.
282
758547
1782
12:44
It's a huge change.
283
760353
1259
這是個大改變。
12:46
What this all points to
is a future that looks pretty different
is a future that looks pretty different
284
761636
3600
這一切都指向一個和我們現今
居住的世界很不一樣的未來。
12:49
from the world we live in today.
285
765260
1773
12:51
Generation G and those driving
the gamification meme forward,
the gamification meme forward,
286
767057
3410
G 世代以及推動遊戲化迷因的人，
12:54
are advocating for a different world.
287
770491
2288
在提倡一個不同的世界。
12:57
It's a world in which things
move at faster pace
move at faster pace
288
772803
3049
這個世界的事物進展的步調很快，
13:00
than they did for you and me.
289
775876
1648
比它們為你我的進展還快。
13:02
It's a world in which
there are rewards everywhere
there are rewards everywhere
290
777548
2548
在這個世界中，到處都有獎勵
13:04
for actions that people take.
291
780120
1385
給採取行動的人。
13:06
The rewards don't always
have to be cash rewards.
have to be cash rewards.
292
781529
2336
獎勵不見得是現金。
13:08
They can be meaningful status rewards,
293
783889
1883
可能是有意義的身分獎賞，
13:10
meaningful access rewards,
294
785796
1290
有意義的使用權獎賞，
有意義的權力獎賞。
有意義的權力獎賞。
13:11
meaningful power rewards.
295
787110
2065
13:13
A world in which there's extensive
collaborative play.
collaborative play.
296
789199
3107
在這個世界中，
有非常大量的合作玩法。
有非常大量的合作玩法。
13:16
This is one of the things
that Generation G does so much differently
that Generation G does so much differently
297
792330
3204
在這方面，G 世代的做法
和甚至我這個世代都很不一樣。
13:20
than even my generation.
298
795558
1162
13:21
I remember going to school and teachers
struggling to come up with exercises
struggling to come up with exercises
299
796744
4149
我記得我到學校，
老師會努力想出一些練習，
13:25
that we could do as a team,
300
800917
1374
讓我們可以團隊進行，
整個團隊被一起評分。
整個團隊被一起評分。
13:26
that would be graded as a team.
301
802315
2347
13:29
In the end, those group exercises
always boiled down to an individual score,
always boiled down to an individual score,
302
804686
3777
最終，那些團隊分數
都仍歸結是為了個人分數，
都仍歸結是為了個人分數，
13:32
which distorted the way
that people behaved.
that people behaved.
303
808487
2166
這是扭曲了大家的行為方式。
13:35
But, Generation G plays a lot of games
304
810677
2450
但，G 世代玩的很多遊戲
13:37
that are purely collaborative,
in which there is group value.
in which there is group value.
305
813151
2995
都是純粹的合作，
有團體價值存在。
有團體價值存在。
13:40
This will also affect our world
in untold ways.
in untold ways.
306
816170
2456
這對我們的世界，
會有不可計量的影響。
會有不可計量的影響。
13:43
And, Generation G, the fun future,
is a much more global world.
is a much more global world.
307
818650
4140
且，G 世代，有趣的未來，
是個更全球性的世界。
13:47
It turns out that we are
already out of touch.
already out of touch.
308
822814
3964
事實上，我們已經脫節了。
13:51
We are the generation most out of touch
with our future or current children
with our future or current children
309
827480
5503
我們這世代最和自己
目前及未來的子孫脫節，
目前及未來的子孫脫節，
遠遠超出歷史上的任何其他世代，
13:57
than any generation in history.
310
833007
1854
13:59
We like to think that baby boomers'
parents were the most out-of-touch people
parents were the most out-of-touch people
311
834885
4115
我們想要說嬰兒潮世代的父母
是世上最脫節。
14:03
in the world.
312
839024
1163
14:04
They're the ones who had
to deal with the summer of love
to deal with the summer of love
313
840211
2647
他們得要處理短暫戀情、
性愛、毒品，諸如此類。
14:07
and sex and drugs
and all that kind of stuff.
and all that kind of stuff.
314
842882
2111
我們仍然電話。
14:09
We still make phone calls.
315
845017
1360
14:10
(Laughter)
316
846401
1172
（笑聲）
14:12
I mean, we are the ones with the problem,
317
847597
2622
我的意思是，有問題的人是我們，
14:14
and we are going to be the most
out-of-touch generation in history.
out-of-touch generation in history.
318
850243
3625
且我們會是歷史上最脫節的世代。
14:18
Of course, it's also true,
and I'm here to tell you:
and I'm here to tell you:
319
853892
5125
當然，這也是真的，
讓我在此告訴各位：
14:23
the kids are alright.
320
859041
1563
這些孩子沒問題的。
14:25
They're going to be just fine.
321
861023
2073
他們會好好的。
14:27
We don't need to worry, strictly speaking,
322
863120
4522
嚴格來說，我們不用
擔心孩子和遊戲，
擔心孩子和遊戲，
14:32
about kids and games, and the effect
that it will have on the world.
that it will have on the world.
323
867666
3383
也不用擔心它會對世界有什麼影響。
14:35
Not just are the kids
are going to be alright;
are going to be alright;
324
871073
2363
孩子們不僅僅沒問題；
14:37
frankly, the kids are going to be awesome.
325
873460
2348
坦白說，孩子們會很棒。
14:40
But it's going to take your help
to make the kids awesome.
to make the kids awesome.
326
876316
2946
但需要你們的協助，
才能讓這些孩子變得很棒。
才能讓這些孩子變得很棒。
14:43
I have a prescription for you.
327
879286
1871
我有一份處方要給各位。
14:45
This is the best prescription anybody
is ever going to write in your life.
is ever going to write in your life.
328
881181
5980
這會是你一生中
能從任何人拿到最好的處方。
14:51
I'm going to write it for you right now,
329
887185
2169
我現在就要把處方開給你們，
14:53
in your mind, I don't have an actual pad.
330
889378
2504
寫在你們的腦中，
我沒有實體的便條可寫。
我沒有實體的便條可寫。
14:56
Just for clarity, a disclaimer:
I'm not a doctor.
I'm not a doctor.
331
891906
2351
先澄清一下，免責聲明：
我不是醫生。
我不是醫生。
14:58
(Laughter)
332
894281
1533
（笑聲）
15:00
I am, however, going to write
a prescription for you all.
a prescription for you all.
333
895838
3087
然而，我要為大家開一張處方。
15:03
This is the prescription:
334
898949
1643
處方如下：
15:05
if you have children
or you work with children,
or you work with children,
335
900616
2262
如果你有孩子，
或你的工作要和孩子接觸，
或你的工作要和孩子接觸，
或你希望和孩子接觸，
或是想要改變世界，
或是想要改變世界，
15:07
or you desire to work with children,
or you want to change he world,
or you want to change he world,
336
902902
3242
你把時間用在這件事情上，
絕對是最正面、最理想的，
絕對是最正面、最理想的，
15:10
this is the absolute, positive best thing
that you can do with your time,
that you can do with your time,
337
906168
3456
15:14
from now until I see you in the retirement
home on the coast of Spain
home on the coast of Spain
338
909648
4029
從現在開始，一直到我在
西班牙海岸的養老院看到你，
西班牙海岸的養老院看到你，
15:18
or in the virtual world,
339
913701
1150
或是在虛擬世界中，
就看你選擇退休後要去哪，
就看你選擇退休後要去哪，
15:19
wherever you choose to retire,
340
914875
1845
15:21
which is: get into the game
with your kids.
with your kids.
341
916744
3113
處方就是：和你的孩子
一起進入遊戲。
一起進入遊戲。
15:24
Stop fighting the game trend,
if that's where you are right now.
if that's where you are right now.
342
920297
3518
別再抵抗遊戲趨勢了，
如果你正在這麼做的話。
如果你正在這麼做的話。
15:28
Don't fight the game trend.
Become one with the game.
Become one with the game.
343
923839
3361
別再抵抗遊戲趨勢了，
與遊戲融爲一體吧！
與遊戲融爲一體吧！
15:31
Enter the game. Understand it.
344
927224
1837
進入遊戲。去了解它。
15:33
Understand the dynamic
of how your children play
of how your children play
345
929085
2775
不論你的孩子在玩什麼遊戲，
去了解他們如何玩那遊戲的動能。
15:36
the games that they play.
346
931884
1616
15:38
Understand how their minds work
from the context of the game outward,
from the context of the game outward,
347
933524
4199
去了解他們的大腦如何
從遊戲的情境中向外運作，
從遊戲的情境中向外運作，
15:42
rather than from the world outside inward.
348
937747
2823
而不是如何從外面的世界向內運作。
15:45
The world that we live in right now,
349
940594
1740
我們現在所居住的世界，
15:46
the world of Sunday afternoons,
drinking a cup of herbal tea,
drinking a cup of herbal tea,
350
942358
3358
星期日下午喝杯涼茶、
15:50
reading some old book,
chilling out by the window,
chilling out by the window,
351
945740
3539
讀本老書、在窗邊放鬆的世界，
15:53
is over.
352
949303
1255
已經不再了。
15:55
(Laughter)
353
950582
1812
（笑聲）
15:56
And that's okay.
354
952418
1262
那沒關係的。
15:58
There's a lot more things that we can do
that are fun and engaging.
that are fun and engaging.
355
954140
3710
我們還有很多有趣、
有參與感的事情可以一起做
有參與感的事情可以一起做
16:02
If you take away one thing
from today's presentation,
from today's presentation,
356
957874
2826
如果今天的演說可以讓你有所觸動
16:05
I hope it is you get a chance
to go play with your kids.
to go play with your kids.
357
960724
3005
我希望是你能有個機會，
去和你的孩子一起玩。
去和你的孩子一起玩。
16:08
Thank you.
358
963753
1206
謝謝。
16:09
(Applause)
359
964983
1440
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gabe Zichermann - Entrepreneur, authorDo kids these days have short attention spans, or does the world just move too slow? Gabe Zichermann suggests that today's video games are making children smarter -- and we should all embrace gamification.
Why you should listen
Gabe Zichermann is an entrepreneur and author whose work centers on gamification--and the power of games to help engage people and build strong organizations and communities. In 2010, he chaired the Gamification summit, a conference dedicated to gamification and “engagement mechanics.” An avid blogger on the subject, he co-authored the book Game-Based Marketing, which examines the innovative trend of using game mechanics to engage and build a customer base.
Gabe Zichermann | Speaker | TED.com