TED2014
Shubhendu Sharma: An engineer's vision for tiny forests, everywhere
蘇沙馬: 如何隨處種小型森林
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人栽種森林之後，任其自然生長，通常至少需要經過一百年才能長大成熟。但是如果我們能讓這個過程快十倍會如何呢？在這場簡短的演說中，生態企業家（亦為 TED 研究會員）蘇沙馬解釋如何隨處打造迷你森林生態系統。
Shubhendu Sharma - Eco-entrepreneur
Shubhendu Sharma creates afforestation methods that make it easy to plant maintenance-free, wild and biodiverse forests. Full bio
Shubhendu Sharma creates afforestation methods that make it easy to plant maintenance-free, wild and biodiverse forests. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm an industrial engineer.
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我是工業工程師。
00:14
The goal in my life has always been to make
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我畢生的目標就是
用最少的時間及資源
製造很多很多的產品。
製造很多很多的產品。
00:17
more and more products
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00:18
in the least amount of time and resources.
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00:21
While working at Toyota,
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在豐田汽車上班時，
00:22
all I knew was how to make cars
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我只知道如何製造車子，
00:24
until I met Dr. Akira Miyawaki,
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直到我遇見宮脇昭博士，
00:27
who came to our factory to make a forest in it
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他到我們的工廠打造一座森林，
00:30
in order to make it carbon-neutral.
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讓工廠能達到碳中和。
00:33
I was so fascinated
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我非常著迷，
00:35
that I decided to learn this methodology
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因此我決定去學這門方法，
00:37
by joining his team as a volunteer.
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便加入他的團隊當志工。
00:40
Soon, I started making a forest
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不久後，我開始造林，
00:42
in the backyard of my own house,
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就造在我家後院，
00:44
and this is how it looks after three years.
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這就是三年後的樣子。
00:48
These forests,
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這些森林
00:49
compared to a conventional plantation,
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與一般林園相比，
00:51
grow 10 times faster,
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生長速度快十倍，
00:54
they're 30 times more dense,
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密三十倍，
00:56
and 100 times more biodiverse.
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生物多樣性高一百倍。
01:00
Within two years of having this forest in our backyard,
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我們家後院有這片森林後不到兩年，
01:03
I could observe that the groundwater
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我觀察到地下水
01:05
didn't dry during summers,
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在夏天時不會枯竭，
01:07
the number of bird species I spotted in this area
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我在這個地區看到的鳥類數目
01:10
doubled.
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增加了一倍。
01:11
Quality of air became better,
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空氣品質變得更好，
01:13
and we started harvesting seasonal fruits
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而且我們還開始採收季節性水果，
01:15
growing effortlessly
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它們毫不費力地生長在
01:17
right in the backyard of our house.
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我們家的後院。
01:19
I wanted to make more of these forests.
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我想造更多像這樣的森林。
01:22
I was so moved by these results
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這樣的結果讓我深受感動，
01:23
that I wanted to make these forests
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因此我想造更多像這樣的森林，
01:25
with the same acumen with which we make cars
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用我們製造車子、寫軟體，
01:28
or write software or do any mainstream business,
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或做任何主流生意
一樣的商業頭腦，
一樣的商業頭腦，
01:31
so I founded a company
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所以我創辦了一家公司，
01:33
which is an end-to-end service provider
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是個端對端服務供應商，
01:35
to create these native natural forests.
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能夠造出這些本土種自然林。
01:38
But to make afforestation as a mainstream business
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但要使造林成為
主流商業或一門工業，
主流商業或一門工業，
01:42
or an industry, we had to standardize
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我們必須標準化造林的製程。
01:44
the process of forest-making.
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01:46
So we benchmarked the Toyota Production System
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所以我們採用豐田生產方式，
01:48
known for its quality and efficiency
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其以品質及效率著稱，
01:51
for the process of forest-making.
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做為造林製程的基準，
01:53
For an example, the core of TPS,
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舉例而言，TPS 的核心價值，
01:56
Toyota Production System, lies in heijunka,
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即豐田生產方式的價值
在於平準化，
在於平準化，
01:59
which is making manufacturing
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就是讓不同款車
02:01
of different models of cars
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能在同一條裝配線上製造。
02:03
on a single assembly line.
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02:05
We replaced these cars with trees,
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我們把車換成樹，
02:08
using which now we can make multi-layered forests.
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現在使用這種方法，
我們就可以造出多層次的森林。
我們就可以造出多層次的森林。
02:11
These forests utilize 100 percent vertical space.
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這些森林充分利用垂直空間。
02:15
They are so dense
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它們非常密，
02:15
that one can't even walk into them.
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密到甚至很難讓人走進去。
02:19
For an example, we can make a 300-tree forest
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舉個例，我們可以造
一座三百棵樹的森林
一座三百棵樹的森林
02:22
in an area as small as the parking spaces of six cars.
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在小至六個停車位的空間內。
02:27
In order to reduce cost and our own carbon footprint,
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為了減少成本及我們的碳足跡，
02:31
we started utilizing local biomass
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我們開始利用當地的生質
02:33
as soil amender and fertilizers.
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做為土壤改良物及肥料。
02:36
For example, coconut shells crushed in a machine
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舉個例，椰子殼以機器粉碎後
02:38
mixed with rice straw,
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與稻草混合，
02:42
powder of rice husk mixed with organic manure
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稻殼粉末與有機糞肥混合，
02:46
is finally dumped in soil on which
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最後倒入我們種植的
02:48
our forest is planted.
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森林土壤中。
02:49
Once planted, we use grass or rice straw
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一經栽植，我們就使用草或稻草
02:52
to cover the soil
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覆蓋土壤，
02:54
so that all the water which goes into irrigation
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因此拿來灌溉的水
02:57
doesn't get evaporated back into the atmosphere.
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不會蒸發回到大氣中。
02:59
And using these simple improvisations,
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使用這些簡單、隨手可得的方法
03:01
today we can make a forest
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讓我們今天造林的成本
03:03
for a cost as low as the cost of an iPhone.
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能跟 iPhone 一樣低。
03:07
Today, we are making forests in houses,
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今天，我們在房子裡、
03:09
in schools, even in factories with the corporates.
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學校裡，甚至在公司的工廠裡造林。
03:13
But that's not enough.
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但這還不夠。
03:15
There is a huge number of people
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有很大一批人
03:17
who want to take matters into their own hands.
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想親自採取行動。
03:20
So we let it happen.
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所以我們就幫他們一把。
03:22
Today, we are working on an Internet-based platform
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今天，我們發展網路的商務平台，
03:26
where we are going to share our methodology
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我們要在上面共享我們的方法，
03:29
on an open source
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要用開放原始碼，
03:31
using which anyone and everyone
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讓任何人皆可使用，
03:32
can make their own forest
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而每個人都能造出自己的森林，
03:34
without our physical presence being there,
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不需要我們親自到顧客所在地，
03:36
using our methodology.
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用我們的方法就能辦到。
03:38
At the click of a button,
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只要按一個鈕，
03:40
they can get to know all the native species
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他們就能知道有哪些本土種
03:41
of their place.
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在當地生長。
03:43
By installing a small hardware probe on site,
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藉由安裝在現場的
一個小型硬體探針，
一個小型硬體探針，
03:47
we can do remote soil testing,
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我們就能在遠端測試土壤，
03:50
using which we can give step-by-step instructions
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也能提供操作步驟，
03:54
on forest-making remotely.
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遠距教導如何造林。
03:57
Also we can monitor the growth of this forest
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我們還能監測森林的成長，
03:59
without being on site.
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不需親臨現場。
04:03
This methodology, I believe,
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我相信這門方法
04:05
has a potential.
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很有潛力。
04:06
By sharing, we can actually
bring back our native forests.
bring back our native forests.
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藉由共享，我們確實能把
本土的森林找回來。
本土的森林找回來。
04:09
Now, when you go back home,
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現在，當你回到家，
04:11
if you see a barren piece of land,
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如果你看見一塊不毛之地，
04:13
do remember that it can be a potential forest.
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請記得那也可能成為一片森林。
04:16
Thank you very much. Thanks.
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非常感謝。謝謝！
04:18
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shubhendu Sharma - Eco-entrepreneurShubhendu Sharma creates afforestation methods that make it easy to plant maintenance-free, wild and biodiverse forests.
Why you should listen
Industrial engineer Shubhendu Sharma was working at Toyota in India when he met Japanese forest expert Akira Miyawaki, who'd arrived to plant a forest at the factory, using a methodology he'd developed to make a forest grow ten times faster that normal. Fascinated, Sharma interned with Miyawaki, and grew his first successful forest on a small plot behind a house.
Today, his company Afforestt promotes a standardized method for seeding dense, fast-growing, native forests in barren lands, using his car-manufacturing acumen to create a system allowing a multilayer forest of 300 trees to grow on an area as small as the parking spaces of six cars -- for less than the price of an iPhone. Afforestt has helped grow forests at homes, schools and factories. Sharma seen improvement in air quality, an increase in biodiversity -- and the forests even generate fresh fruit. Afforestt is at work on a platform that will offer hardware probes to analyze soil quality, allowing the company to offer step-by-step instructions for anyone who wants to grow a native forest anywhere in the world.
Shubhendu Sharma | Speaker | TED.com