TED2015
Martine Rothblatt: My daughter, my wife, our robot, and the quest for immortality
馬蒂娜·羅斯布拉特: 我的女兒，我的老婆，我們的機器人，對永生的探索
Filmed:
Readability: 4.4
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天狼星衛星廣播系統創辦人，馬蒂娜·羅斯布拉特現在領導一家藥廠，生產罕見疾病的救命藥（包括救了她自己女兒的藥），同時，她將她深愛女人的意識儲存在數位檔案裡，成為一個陪伴用的機器人，在台上與 TED 的克里斯·安德森對話，分享她強而有力的愛情故事，身份，創造力以及無限可能性。
Martine Rothblatt - Transhumanist
Whether she’s inventing satellite radio, developing life-saving drugs or digitizing the human mind, Martine Rothblatt has a knack for turning visionary ideas into commonplace technology. Full bio
Whether she’s inventing satellite radio, developing life-saving drugs or digitizing the human mind, Martine Rothblatt has a knack for turning visionary ideas into commonplace technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Chris Anderson: So I guess
what we're going to do is
what we're going to do is
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克里斯·安德森：
我們現在要做的就是
我們現在要做的就是
00:14
we're going to talk about your life,
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談談你的生活點滴，
00:17
and using some pictures
that you shared with me.
that you shared with me.
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跟大家分享你給我看的照片。
00:20
And I think we should start
right here with this one.
right here with this one.
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我們就從這張開始。
00:23
Okay, now who is this?
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這位是誰？
00:26
Martine Rothblatt: This is me
with our oldest son Eli.
with our oldest son Eli.
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馬蒂娜·羅斯布拉特：
這是我跟我大兒子伊萊。
這是我跟我大兒子伊萊。
00:31
He was about age five.
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他那時大約五歲。
00:33
This is taken in Nigeria
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這張照片是在奈及利亞拍的
00:35
right after having taken
the Washington, D.C. bar exam.
the Washington, D.C. bar exam.
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就在考完華盛頓特區律師考試。
00:39
CA: Okay. But this doesn't
really look like a Martine.
really look like a Martine.
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克里斯：好的。
但這張照片看來不太像馬蒂娜。
但這張照片看來不太像馬蒂娜。
00:44
MR: Right. That was myself as a male,
the way I was brought up.
the way I was brought up.
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馬蒂娜：是的。這是我還是
男性的時候，我是以男兒身出生長大。
男性的時候，我是以男兒身出生長大。
00:51
Before I transitioned from male
to female and Martin to Martine.
to female and Martin to Martine.
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在我從男性馬丁
變為女性馬蒂娜之前。
變為女性馬蒂娜之前。
00:55
CA: You were brought up Martin Rothblatt.
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克里斯：你是以馬丁·羅斯布拉特
的身份長大。
的身份長大。
00:57
MR: Correct.
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馬蒂娜：是的。
00:58
CA: And about a year after this picture,
you married a beautiful woman.
you married a beautiful woman.
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克里斯：大約在拍了這張照片一年後，
你娶了一位漂亮的女性。
你娶了一位漂亮的女性。
01:03
Was this love at first sight?
What happened there?
What happened there?
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是一見鍾情嗎？
那是甚麼樣的情形呢？
那是甚麼樣的情形呢？
01:05
MR: It was love at the first sight.
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馬蒂娜：是一見鍾情沒錯。
01:07
I saw Bina at a discotheque
in Los Angeles,
in Los Angeles,
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我是在洛杉磯一家
迪斯可舞廳遇見碧娜，
迪斯可舞廳遇見碧娜，
01:12
and we later began living together,
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後來我們開始同居，
01:15
but the moment I saw her,
I saw just an aura of energy around her.
I saw just an aura of energy around her.
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當我看見她那一刻，
我就看見她散發著能量。
我就看見她散發著能量。
01:19
I asked her to dance.
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我邀請她跳舞。
01:21
She said she saw an aura
of energy around me.
of energy around me.
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她說她看見活力四射的我。
01:24
I was a single male parent.
She was a single female parent.
She was a single female parent.
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我當時是單親爸爸，
她是單親媽媽。
她是單親媽媽。
01:27
We showed each other
our kids' pictures,
our kids' pictures,
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我們看了彼此小孩的照片，
01:30
and we've been happily married
for a third of a century now.
for a third of a century now.
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我們沈浸在幸福的婚姻
已達三分之一世紀。
已達三分之一世紀。
01:34
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
01:38
CA: And at the time, you were
kind of this hotshot entrepreneur,
kind of this hotshot entrepreneur,
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克里斯：當時你自己開創了公司，
01:41
working with satellites.
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經營人造衛星相關的行業。
01:43
I think you had two successful companies,
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你有兩個成功的企業，
01:45
and then you started
addressing this problem
addressing this problem
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然後你開始解決這個問題
01:47
of how could you use satellites
to revolutionize radio.
to revolutionize radio.
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如何利用衛星
來革新廣播業。
來革新廣播業。
01:52
Tell us about that.
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請為我們說明一下。
01:53
MR: Right. I always
loved space technology,
loved space technology,
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馬蒂娜：
我一直對太空科技很感興趣，
我一直對太空科技很感興趣，
01:55
and satellites, to me, are sort of
like the canoes that our ancestors
like the canoes that our ancestors
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衛星對我來說，就像我們祖先
01:59
first pushed out into the water.
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第一次推到水裡的獨木舟。
02:02
So it was exciting for me
to be part of the navigation
to be part of the navigation
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我很興奮的是
能夠參與
能夠參與
02:05
of the oceans of the sky,
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遨遊浩瀚星海，
02:07
and as I developed different types
of satellite communication systems,
of satellite communication systems,
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我發展各式衛星通訊系統，
02:12
the main thing I did was to launch
bigger and more powerful satellites,
bigger and more powerful satellites,
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我做的事主要是
發射一個更大更強的衛星，
發射一個更大更強的衛星，
02:17
the consequence of which
was that the receiving antennas
was that the receiving antennas
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如此一來
接收天線
接收天線
02:21
could be smaller and smaller,
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可以非常的小，
02:23
and after going through
direct television broadcasting,
direct television broadcasting,
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有了電視直播之後，
02:27
I had the idea that if we could make
a more powerful satellite,
a more powerful satellite,
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我想如果能夠做一個更強大的衛星，
02:30
the receiving dish could be so small
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接收盤可以做的很小
02:33
that it would just be a section
of a parabolic dish,
of a parabolic dish,
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它是拋物面天線反射器的一部分，
02:36
a flat little plate embedded
into the roof of an automobile,
into the roof of an automobile,
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一個可以裝設在車頂的小片，
02:40
and it would be possible to have
nationwide satellite radio,
nationwide satellite radio,
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可以做全國性衛星廣播，
02:44
and that's Sirius XM today.
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也就是今天的「天狼星衛星廣播」。
02:46
CA: Wow. So who here has used Sirius?
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克里斯：
哇。這裡有人用過天狼星嗎？
哇。這裡有人用過天狼星嗎？
02:48
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
02:51
MR: Thank you for
your monthly subscriptions.
your monthly subscriptions.
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馬蒂娜：謝謝各位每月訂閱。
02:53
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
02:56
CA: So that succeeded despite
all predictions at the time.
all predictions at the time.
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克里斯：接下來
儘管當時有各種猜測。
儘管當時有各種猜測。
03:00
It was a huge commercial success,
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那是一個巨大的商業上的成功，
03:02
but soon after this, in the early 1990s,
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在那不久之後， 1990 年代初，
03:07
there was this big transition in your life
and you became Martine.
and you became Martine.
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你的生活有很大的轉變
你成為馬蒂娜。
你成為馬蒂娜。
03:11
MR: Correct.
CA: So tell me, how did that happen?
CA: So tell me, how did that happen?
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馬蒂娜：是的。
克里斯：告訴我們，怎會這樣？
克里斯：告訴我們，怎會這樣？
03:17
MR: It happened in consultation with Bina
and our four beautiful children,
and our four beautiful children,
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馬蒂娜：我和碧娜以及
四個可愛的小孩商量過，
四個可愛的小孩商量過，
03:23
and I discussed with each of them
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我各自和他們討論
03:28
that I felt my soul was always female,
and as a woman,
and as a woman,
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我覺得在我的心靈裡，我是女性，
03:34
but I was afraid people would
laugh at me if I expressed it,
laugh at me if I expressed it,
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可是我擔心如果我講出來
會被別人嘲笑，
會被別人嘲笑，
03:39
so I always kept it bottled up
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所以我把它藏在心裡
03:41
and just showed my male side.
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只表現男性的一面。
03:44
And each of them
had a different take on this.
had a different take on this.
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每個人的反應不同。
03:48
Bina said, "I love your soul,
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碧娜說：「我愛你的靈魂」，
03:52
and whether the outside
is Martin and Martine,
is Martin and Martine,
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不論外表是馬丁或是馬蒂娜，
03:56
it doesn't it matter to me,
I love your soul."
I love your soul."
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我不會再乎，
我愛你的靈魂。
我愛你的靈魂。
03:58
My son said, "If you become a woman,
will you still be my father?"
will you still be my father?"
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我兒子說：你變成女人後，
仍然是我爸爸嗎？
仍然是我爸爸嗎？
04:06
And I said, "Yes,
I'll always be your father,"
I'll always be your father,"
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我說：是，我永遠是你爸爸，
04:09
and I'm still his father today.
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我今天仍然是他的父親。
04:12
My youngest daughter did an absolutely
brilliant five-year-old thing.
brilliant five-year-old thing.
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我小女兒做了一個五歲小孩做的
非常棒的事。
非常棒的事。
04:17
She told people, "I love my dad
and she loves me."
and she loves me."
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她說：我愛我爸爸，她也愛我。
04:23
So she had no problem
with a gender blending whatsoever.
with a gender blending whatsoever.
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她沒有性別混淆上的問題。
04:28
CA: And a couple years after this,
you published this book:
you published this book:
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克里斯：之後的一二年，
你出版這本書：
你出版這本書：
04:31
"The Apartheid of Sex."
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「性別上的種族隔離」
04:33
What was your thesis in this book?
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你對這本書有什麼論點呢？
04:35
MR: My thesis in this book is that there
are seven billion people in the world,
are seven billion people in the world,
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馬蒂娜：我的論點是，
世界上有七十億人口，
世界上有七十億人口，
04:39
and actually, seven billion unique ways
to express one's gender.
to express one's gender.
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就有七十億獨特的方展現性別。
04:45
And while people may have
the genitals of a male or a female,
the genitals of a male or a female,
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人們有男性和女性的生殖器官，
04:51
the genitals don't determine your gender
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生殖器官不決定你的性別
04:54
or even really your sexual identity.
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甚至你真正的性別特性。
04:57
That's just a matter of anatomy
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這是一個解剖學上的問題
04:59
and reproductive tracts,
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一個生殖問題,
05:00
and people could choose
whatever gender they want
whatever gender they want
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人們可以選擇他想要的性別
05:04
if they weren't forced by society
into categories of either male or female
into categories of either male or female
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如果他們不受社會
分類為男性或女性
分類為男性或女性
05:09
the way South Africa used to force people
into categories of black or white.
into categories of black or white.
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就像南非過去將人
分為黑人或白人。
分為黑人或白人。
05:13
We know from anthropological science
that race is fiction,
that race is fiction,
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我們從人類學的角度來看
種族是虛構的,
種族是虛構的,
05:17
even though racism is very, very real,
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即使種族歧視確實存在,
05:20
and we now know from cultural studies
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從文化研究的角度，
05:23
that separate male or female genders
is a constructed fiction.
is a constructed fiction.
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把人分為男性或女性
是想像編造出來的。
是想像編造出來的。
05:27
The reality is a gender fluidity
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事實上性別是
05:30
that crosses the entire continuum
from male to female.
from male to female.
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從男性到女性跨越連續整體。
05:34
CA: You yourself don't always
feel 100 percent female.
feel 100 percent female.
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克里斯：你自己不總是
感覺自己百分百是女性。
感覺自己百分百是女性。
05:37
MR: Correct. I would say in some ways
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馬蒂娜：是的，在某些方面
05:40
I change my gender about as often
as I change my hairstyle.
as I change my hairstyle.
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我變換性別就像改變髮型一樣頻繁。
05:43
CA: (Laughs) Okay, now, this is
your gorgeous daughter, Jenesis.
your gorgeous daughter, Jenesis.
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克里斯：（笑），好吧，
這位是你美麗的女兒，吉納塞斯。
這位是你美麗的女兒，吉納塞斯。
05:51
And I guess she was about this age
when something pretty terrible happened.
when something pretty terrible happened.
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我想她大概在那個時候
經歷一個可怕的事情。
經歷一個可怕的事情。
05:55
MR: Yes, she was finding herself
unable to walk up the stairs
unable to walk up the stairs
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馬蒂娜：是的，她發現自己
不能爬樓梯
不能爬樓梯
06:00
in our house to her bedroom,
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到自己的臥室。
06:02
and after several months of doctors,
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看了幾個月的醫生之後，
06:04
she was diagnosed to have a rare,
almost invariably fatal disease
almost invariably fatal disease
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她被診斷出患了一種罕見，
致命的疾病
致命的疾病
06:09
called pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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叫做肺動脈高壓。
06:13
CA: So how did you respond to that?
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克里斯：你怎麼看待這件事？
06:15
MR: Well, we first tried to get her
to the best doctors we could.
to the best doctors we could.
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馬蒂娜：首先我們試著
幫她找最好的醫生。
幫她找最好的醫生。
06:19
We ended up at Children's National
Medical Center in Washington, D.C.
Medical Center in Washington, D.C.
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我們最後在華盛頓特區找到
國家兒童醫療中心。
國家兒童醫療中心。
06:23
The head of pediatric cardiology
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小兒心臟科主任
06:25
told us that he was going to refer her
to get a lung transplant,
to get a lung transplant,
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告訴我們他會幫她
取得肺做移植，
取得肺做移植，
06:30
but not to hold out any hope,
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但是沒有抱太大的希望，
06:31
because there are
very few lungs available,
very few lungs available,
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因為可以移植的肺很少，
06:34
especially for children.
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特別是小孩子的。
06:35
He said that all people
with this illness died,
with this illness died,
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他說得這種病的人都去世了，
06:40
and if any of you have seen
the film "Lorenzo's Oil,"
the film "Lorenzo's Oil,"
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如果你們有人看過
「羅倫佐的油」這部電影，
「羅倫佐的油」這部電影，
06:44
there's a scene when the protagonist
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有一幕是主角
06:46
kind of rolls down the stairway
crying and bemoaning the fate of his son,
crying and bemoaning the fate of his son,
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從樓梯滚下來
為他兒子的命運哭泣和悲慟，
為他兒子的命運哭泣和悲慟，
06:53
and that's exactly
how we felt about Jenesis.
how we felt about Jenesis.
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這種感受
就是我對吉納塞斯的感受一樣。
就是我對吉納塞斯的感受一樣。
06:56
CA: But you didn't accept that
as the limit of what you could do.
as the limit of what you could do.
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克里斯：但你不接受
這只是你能夠做的事。
這只是你能夠做的事。
07:00
You started trying to research
and see if you could find a cure somehow.
and see if you could find a cure somehow.
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你開始嘗試研究
是否能夠找到一個治療方法。
是否能夠找到一個治療方法。
07:04
MR: Correct. She was in the intensive
care ward for weeks at a time,
care ward for weeks at a time,
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馬蒂娜：是的。
她在加護病房一住就好幾週，
她在加護病房一住就好幾週，
07:08
and Bina and I would tag team
to stay at the hospital
to stay at the hospital
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碧娜和我分工合作
一個在醫院
一個在醫院
07:12
while the other watched
the rest of the kids,
the rest of the kids,
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另一個就在家照顧其他小孩。
07:15
and when I was in the hospital
and she was sleeping,
and she was sleeping,
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當我在醫院而且她睡著之後，
07:17
I went to the hospital library.
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我到醫院的圖書館。
07:19
I read every article that I could find
on pulmonary hypertension.
on pulmonary hypertension.
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我讀了所有我能找到的
肺動脈高壓的文章。
肺動脈高壓的文章。
07:24
I had not taken any biology,
even in college,
even in college,
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我沒接觸過生物學，
甚至在大學也沒修過這個科目，
甚至在大學也沒修過這個科目，
07:27
so I had to go from a biology textbook
to a college-level textbook
to a college-level textbook
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所以我從入門生物學開始
到大學等級的課本
到大學等級的課本
07:33
and then medical textbook
and the journal articles, back and forth,
and the journal articles, back and forth,
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再到醫學教科書，
期刊的文章，反覆地研讀，
期刊的文章，反覆地研讀，
07:37
and eventually I knew enough to think
that it might be possible
that it might be possible
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最後我有足夠的知識
認為這是有可能
認為這是有可能
07:41
that somebody could find a cure.
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可以到到治療的方法。
07:43
So we started a nonprofit foundation.
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我們成立一個非營利的基金會。
07:47
I wrote a description
asking people to submit grants
asking people to submit grants
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我寫了一個說明書
讓人們提出申請
讓人們提出申請
07:51
and we would pay for medical research.
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我們付醫療研究經費。
07:54
I became an expert on the condition --
doctors said to me, Martine,
doctors said to me, Martine,
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我成了這方面的專家，馬蒂娜，
醫生這麼對我說。
醫生這麼對我說。
07:57
we really appreciate all the funding
you've provided us,
you've provided us,
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我們非常感激你提供資金，
08:01
but we are not going to be able
to find a cure in time
to find a cure in time
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但是我們無法即時找到治療的方法
08:05
to save your daughter.
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來挽救你女兒的生命。
08:07
However, there is a medicine
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但是，有一種藥
08:09
that was developed at the
Burroughs Wellcome Company
Burroughs Wellcome Company
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是由寶威藥廠所研發的
08:14
that could halt the progression
of the disease,
of the disease,
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可以讓控制病情惡化，
08:17
but Burroughs Wellcome has just
been acquired by Glaxo Wellcome.
been acquired by Glaxo Wellcome.
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寶威藥廠剛被葛蘭素惠康公司收購。
08:22
They made a decision not to develop
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他們決定不再開發
08:24
any medicines for rare
and orphan diseases,
and orphan diseases,
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罕見疾病的藥。
08:28
and maybe you could use your expertise
in satellite communications
in satellite communications
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或許你可以用你在衛星通訊的專長
08:32
to develop this cure
for pulmonary hypertension.
for pulmonary hypertension.
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來開發肺動脈高壓的治療方法。
08:37
CA: So how on earth did you get
access to this drug?
access to this drug?
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克里斯：你究竟
是如何拿到這個藥呢？
是如何拿到這個藥呢？
08:40
MR: I went to Glaxo Wellcome
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馬蒂娜：我去了葛蘭素惠康公司
08:42
and after three times being rejected
and having the door slammed in my face
and having the door slammed in my face
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被他們摔門拒絶三次之後
08:47
because they weren't going
to out-license the drug
to out-license the drug
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因為他們不願意將藥品的許可證
08:51
to a satellite communications expert,
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發給一個衛星通訊專家，
08:54
they weren't going to send the drug
out to anybody at all,
out to anybody at all,
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他們不願意將藥給任何人使用，
09:00
and they thought
I didn't have the expertise,
I didn't have the expertise,
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他們想我沒這方面的專業知識，
09:03
finally I was able to persuade
a small team of people to work with me
a small team of people to work with me
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最後我說服一個小團隊和我合作
09:10
and develop enough credibility.
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建立相當的可信度。
09:12
I wore down their resistance,
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我減少他們抗拒的心理，
09:14
and they had no hope this drug
would even work, by the way,
would even work, by the way,
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他們對這個藥不抱任何希望，
09:18
and they tried to tell me,
"You're just wasting your time.
"You're just wasting your time.
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他們試圖告訴我，
「你是在浪費時間。
「你是在浪費時間。
09:20
We're sorry about your daughter."
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我們為你的女兒感到遺憾。」
09:22
But finally, for 25,000 dollars
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最後，以二萬五千美元的價格
09:25
and agreement to pay 10 percent
of any revenues we might ever get,
of any revenues we might ever get,
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以及支付我們營收百分之十
09:29
they agreed to give me
worldwide rights to this drug.
worldwide rights to this drug.
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他們同意把這藥的全球使用權給我。
09:34
CA: And so you put this drug on the market
in a really brilliant way,
in a really brilliant way,
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克里斯：你聰明地把藥推到市場，
09:40
by basically charging what it would take
to make the economics work.
to make the economics work.
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只收取能維持運作的成本價。
09:45
MR: Oh yes, Chris, but this really wasn't
a drug that I ended up --
a drug that I ended up --
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馬蒂娜：是的，克里斯
但這不是一種成藥，
但這不是一種成藥，
09:49
after I wrote the check for 25,000,
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當我簽下二萬五千美金的支票後，
09:52
and I said, "Okay, where's
the medicine for Jenesis?"
the medicine for Jenesis?"
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我問說：「吉納塞斯的藥在那裡？」
09:54
they said, "Oh, Martine,
there's no medicine for Jenesis.
there's no medicine for Jenesis.
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他們說：「還沒有藥可治療吉納塞斯。
09:58
This is just something we tried in rats."
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這藥只是在老鼠身上測試過。」
10:00
And they gave me, like,
a little plastic Ziploc bag
a little plastic Ziploc bag
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他們給我像這樣一個小的密封袋
10:04
of a small amount of powder.
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裡面裝有一些粉末。
10:05
They said, "Don't give it to any human,"
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他們說：「不要給人吃這藥，」
10:08
and they gave me a piece of paper
which said it was a patent,
which said it was a patent,
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3808
他們給我一張紙，
說這是一個專利，
說這是一個專利，
10:12
and from that, we had to figure out
a way to make this medicine.
a way to make this medicine.
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從那時候開始，我們必須自己
找出方法去製作這個藥。
找出方法去製作這個藥。
10:16
A hundred chemists in the U.S.
at the top universities
at the top universities
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美國上百位頂尖大學的化學家
10:19
all swore that little patent
could never be turned into a medicine.
could never be turned into a medicine.
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都認為這個小小專利
是無法變成成藥。
是無法變成成藥。
10:23
If it was turned into a medicine,
it could never be delivered
it could never be delivered
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就算可以作成藥，也不能販售
10:27
because it had a half-life
of only 45 minutes.
of only 45 minutes.
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3227
因為這藥只有 45 分鐘的壽命。
10:30
CA: And yet, a year or two later,
you were there with a medicine
you were there with a medicine
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克里斯：即使如此，一兩年後，
你把它做成藥
你把它做成藥
10:34
that worked for Jenesis.
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4157
可以治療吉娜塞斯。
10:38
MR: Chris, the astonishing thing
is that this absolutely worthless
is that this absolutely worthless
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馬蒂娜：克里斯，令人意想不到的是
這毫無價值
這毫無價值
10:44
piece of powder
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1653
粉末
10:45
that had the sparkle of a promise
of hope for Jenesis
of hope for Jenesis
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4063
給予治療吉娜塞斯一線希望之光
10:49
is not only keeping Jenesis
and other people alive today,
and other people alive today,
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不但救了吉娜塞斯和其他人的生命，
10:54
but produces almost a billion
and a half dollars a year in revenue.
and a half dollars a year in revenue.
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4133
也創造了每年
將近十五億美金的營收。
將近十五億美金的營收。
10:59
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
11:02
CA: So here you go.
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2531
克里斯：真是太棒了。
11:05
So you took this company public, right?
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你將這個公司上市，是嗎？
11:09
And made an absolute fortune.
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2530
還賺了大錢。
11:11
And how much have you paid Glaxo,
by the way, after that 25,000?
by the way, after that 25,000?
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在付了二萬五千美金之後，
你付了多少錢給葛蘭素？
你付了多少錢給葛蘭素？
11:15
MR: Yeah, well, every year we pay them
10 percent of 1.5 billion,
10 percent of 1.5 billion,
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馬蒂娜：每一年
我們付十五億的百分之十，
我們付十五億的百分之十，
11:19
150 million dollars,
last year 100 million dollars.
last year 100 million dollars.
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3715
也就是一億五千萬，
去年是付一億元。
去年是付一億元。
11:23
It's the best return on investment
they ever received. (Laughter)
they ever received. (Laughter)
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3111
這是他們最好的投資報酬（笑）
11:26
CA: And the best news of all, I guess,
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克里斯：我猜最好的消息
11:28
is this.
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1857
是這個。
11:30
MR: Yes. Jenesis is an absolutely
brilliant young lady.
brilliant young lady.
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馬蒂娜：是的。吉娜塞斯是個
才華橫溢的女孩。
才華橫溢的女孩。
11:34
She's alive, healthy today at 30.
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她健康地活下來，今年 30 歲。
11:36
You see me, Bina and Jenesis there.
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這是我，碧娜和吉納塞斯。
11:39
The most amazing thing about Jenesis
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2879
吉納塞斯最了不起的是：
11:42
is that while she could do
anything with her life,
anything with her life,
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2902
她可以自己做任何事情，
11:45
and believe me, if you grew up
your whole life with people
your whole life with people
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相信我，如果在你成長的過程中
11:48
in your face saying
that you've got a fatal disease,
that you've got a fatal disease,
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2922
人們對你說你得了一種致命疾病，
11:51
I would probably run to Tahiti and just
not want to run into anybody again.
not want to run into anybody again.
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4713
我可能會跑大溪地，
不想再遇到這些人。
不想再遇到這些人。
11:56
But instead she chooses to work
in United Therapeutics.
in United Therapeutics.
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3135
但她卻選擇在聯合治療公司工作。
11:59
She says she wants to do all she can
to help other people
to help other people
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她說她要儘其所能幫助其他
12:03
with orphan diseases get medicines,
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2218
患有罕見疾病的人取得藥物，
12:05
and today, she's our project leader
for all telepresence activities,
for all telepresence activities,
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4690
如今，她是
我們遠程出席活動專案的負責人，
我們遠程出席活動專案的負責人，
12:10
where she helps digitally unite
the entire company to work together
the entire company to work together
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3529
協助整個公司進行數位聯合整合工作
12:13
to find cures for pulmonary hypertension.
205
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2949
以取得治療肺高壓的方法。
12:16
CA: But not everyone who has this disease
has been so fortunate.
has been so fortunate.
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3297
克里斯：但並不是
所有患有這種疾病的人都如此幸運。
所有患有這種疾病的人都如此幸運。
12:19
There are still many people dying,
and you are tackling that too. How?
and you are tackling that too. How?
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4455
有許多人死於這種病，你也著手
處理這個問題，你是如何辦到的？
處理這個問題，你是如何辦到的？
12:24
MR: Exactly, Chris. There's some 3,000
people a year in the United States alone,
people a year in the United States alone,
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4484
馬蒂娜：的確是，克里斯。
美國每年大約有三千人，
美國每年大約有三千人，
12:28
perhaps 10 times that number worldwide,
209
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2879
全世界的人數大約有 10 倍之多，
12:31
who continue to die of this illness
210
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2155
死於這種疾病
12:33
because the medicines
slow down the progression
slow down the progression
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2530
因為這個藥減緩病情
12:36
but they don't halt it.
212
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1695
但無法治療此病。
12:38
The only cure for pulmonary hypertension,
pulmonary fibrosis,
pulmonary fibrosis,
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4739
唯一可以治療肺高壓、肺纖維化、
12:42
cystic fibrosis, emphysema,
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2436
囊腫性纖維化、肺氣腫、
12:45
COPD, what Leonard Nimoy just died of,
215
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2995
慢性阻塞性肺病，
李納德·尼摩剛死於這種病，
李納德·尼摩剛死於這種病，
12:48
is a lung transplant,
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2508
只有肺部移植一途，
12:50
but sadly, there are only enough
available lungs for 2,000 people
available lungs for 2,000 people
217
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4760
但遺憾的是，
美國每年只可提供給二千個人
美國每年只可提供給二千個人
12:55
in the U.S. a year
to get a lung transplant,
to get a lung transplant,
218
763623
2902
進行肺部移植。
12:58
whereas nearly a half
million people a year
million people a year
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3297
每年有將近五十萬人
13:01
die of end-stage lung failure.
220
769822
2299
死於末期肺衰竭。
13:04
CA: So how can you address that?
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克里斯：你如何處理這個問題？
13:06
MR: So I conceptualize the possibility
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2484
馬蒂娜：我將可能性概念化
13:09
that just like we keep cars and planes
223
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3413
就像我們可以讓汽車，飛機
13:12
and buildings going forever
224
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2392
和建築物永遠存在
13:15
with an unlimited supply
of building parts and machine parts,
of building parts and machine parts,
225
783104
4227
無限制提供建築物
和機器所需的零件，
和機器所需的零件，
13:19
why can't we create an unlimited supply
of transplantable organs
of transplantable organs
226
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3190
我們為何不建立一個
無限量可供移植的器官
無限量可供移植的器官
13:22
to keep people living indefinitely,
227
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2938
讓人們一直生存下去，
13:25
and especially people with lung disease.
228
793459
2647
特別是有肺部疾病的人。
13:28
So we've teamed up with the decoder
of the human genome, Craig Venter,
of the human genome, Craig Venter,
229
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5526
所以我們與人類基因解密者
克萊格·凡特，
克萊格·凡特，
13:33
and the company he founded
230
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1812
以及和他一起成立
13:35
with Peter Diamandis,
the founder of the X Prize,
the founder of the X Prize,
231
803444
3506
X-Prize 公司的
彼得·戴曼迪斯一起合作，
彼得·戴曼迪斯一起合作，
13:38
to genetically modify
232
806950
2066
從基因方面去改造
13:41
the pig genome
233
809016
1695
豬的基因組。
13:42
so that the pig's organs will not
be rejected by the human body
be rejected by the human body
234
810711
4505
這樣人的身體不會
對豬的器官產生排斥作用，
對豬的器官產生排斥作用，
13:47
and thereby to create an unlimited supply
235
815216
3111
才可能提供無限量的
13:50
of transplantable organs.
236
818327
2415
可供移植的器官。
13:52
We do this through our company,
United Therapeutics.
United Therapeutics.
237
820742
2972
我們透過我們的公司，
聯合治療公司來做這件事。
聯合治療公司來做這件事。
13:55
CA: So you really believe that within,
what, a decade,
what, a decade,
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823714
3065
克里斯：你很確信
在十年內，
在十年內，
13:58
that this shortage of transplantable lungs
maybe be cured, through these guys?
maybe be cured, through these guys?
239
826779
4481
可移植肺短缺的問題，
可透過這方法解決？
可透過這方法解決？
14:03
MR: Absolutely, Chris.
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1579
馬蒂娜：絶對可以，克里斯。
14:04
I'm as certain of that as I was
of the success that we've had
of the success that we've had
241
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3692
我對這件事很確定，正如我對
14:08
with direct television
broadcasting, Sirius XM.
broadcasting, Sirius XM.
242
836531
3088
天狼星電視廣播系統
的成功一樣肯定。
的成功一樣肯定。
14:11
It's actually not rocket science.
243
839619
2206
它其實不是像火箭科學那麼高深。
14:13
It's straightforward engineering away
one gene after another.
one gene after another.
244
841825
3459
而是簡單的工程
不斷地一個基因複製另一個。
不斷地一個基因複製另一個。
14:17
We're so lucky to be born in the time
that sequencing genomes
that sequencing genomes
245
845284
4342
我們很幸運生於這個年代，
基因定序
基因定序
14:21
is a routine activity,
246
849626
2659
是一個平常的事，
14:24
and the brilliant folks
at Synthetic Genomics
at Synthetic Genomics
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合成基因組公司的優秀人員
14:26
are able to zero in on the pig genome,
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能夠聚焦在豬的基因組
14:28
find exactly the genes
that are problematic, and fix them.
that are problematic, and fix them.
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準確找到有問題基因，
然後修復它們。
然後修復它們。
14:32
CA: But it's not just bodies that --
though that is amazing.
though that is amazing.
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克理斯：不只是身體，
這令人讚嘆。
這令人讚嘆。
14:35
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
14:38
It's not just long-lasting bodies
that are of interest to you now.
that are of interest to you now.
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你現在的興趣，
不只是身體上長壽。
不只是身體上長壽。
14:42
It's long-lasting minds.
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也是心靈上的長存。
14:45
And I think this graph for you
says something quite profound.
says something quite profound.
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我想這圖片對你來說意義深遠。
14:50
What does this mean?
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這代表什麼意義呢？
14:52
MR: What this graph means,
and it comes from Ray Kurzweil,
and it comes from Ray Kurzweil,
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馬蒂娜：
這張圖是的雷·庫茲韋爾作品,
這張圖是的雷·庫茲韋爾作品,
14:55
is that the rate of development
in computer processing
in computer processing
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計算機處理發展的速度
15:00
hardware, firmware and software,
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包括硬體，靭體和軟體，
15:03
has been advancing along a curve
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都是以曲線的速度發展
15:06
such that by the 2020s, as we saw
in earlier presentations today,
in earlier presentations today,
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在 2020 以前，
我們今天稍早的演講所看到的，
我們今天稍早的演講所看到的，
15:10
there will be information technology
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資訊科技
15:13
that processes information
and the world around us
and the world around us
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在處理我們所處世界的資訊
15:17
at the same rate as a human mind.
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達到與人腦相同的速度。
15:20
CA: And so that being so, you're actually
getting ready for this world
getting ready for this world
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克里斯：因為如此，
你已經準備好
你已經準備好
15:24
by believing that we will soon
be able to, what,
be able to, what,
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相信這個很快就會達成，
15:28
actually take the contents of our brains
and somehow preserve them forever?
and somehow preserve them forever?
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將大腦的裡的東西永遠保存下來？
15:34
How do you describe that?
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你如何描述這個？
15:36
MR: Well, Chris, what we're working on
is creating a situation
is creating a situation
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馬蒂娜：克里斯，
我們現在做的是創造一個情境
我們現在做的是創造一個情境
15:40
where people can create a mind file,
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人們可以建立一個心智資料檔案，
15:43
and a mind file is the collection
of their mannerisms, personality,
of their mannerisms, personality,
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心智資料檔收集個人獨特的特性，
15:47
recollection, feelings,
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回憶、感覺、
15:49
beliefs, attitudes and values,
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信仰、態度和價值觀。
15:50
everything that we've poured today
into Google, into Amazon, into Facebook,
into Google, into Amazon, into Facebook,
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今天任何我們在谷歌，
亞馬遜和臉書上傳的資料，
亞馬遜和臉書上傳的資料，
15:56
and all of this information stored there
will be able, in the next couple decades,
will be able, in the next couple decades,
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這些保存在那裡的資訊，
在往後的二三十年裡，
在往後的二三十年裡，
16:03
once software is able
to recapitulate consciousness,
to recapitulate consciousness,
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一旦軟體能夠複述感官意識
16:07
be able to revive the consciousness
which is imminent in our mind file.
which is imminent in our mind file.
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就可以將心智資料還原為感官意識。
16:12
CA: Now you're not just
messing around with this.
messing around with this.
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克里斯：
你不只是說說而已。
你不只是說說而已。
16:15
You're serious. I mean, who is this?
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你是認真看待這件事，
這是誰？
這是誰？
16:18
MR: This is a robot version of
my beloved spouse, Bina.
my beloved spouse, Bina.
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馬蒂娜：這是機器人版的
我的老婆，碧娜。
我的老婆，碧娜。
16:22
And we call her Bina 48.
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我們稱她為碧娜 48。
16:25
She was programmed
by Hanson Robotics out of Texas.
by Hanson Robotics out of Texas.
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她是由德州
漢森機器人技術公司所設計。
漢森機器人技術公司所設計。
16:28
There's the centerfold
from National Geographic magazine
from National Geographic magazine
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這是國家地理雜誌的中間摺頁
16:31
with one of her caregivers,
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和她的一個居家照顧者一起，
16:34
and she roams the web
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她能上網
16:36
and has hundreds of hours
of Bina's mannerisms, personalities.
of Bina's mannerisms, personalities.
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她有數百小時
碧娜的特性的資料。
碧娜的特性的資料。
16:41
She's kind of like a two-year-old kid,
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她像是一個兩歲小孩，
16:43
but she says things
that blow people away,
that blow people away,
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她講的話會把人嚇一跳，
16:46
best expressed by perhaps
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最有力的評論來自於
16:49
a New York Times Pulitzer Prize-winning
journalist Amy Harmon
journalist Amy Harmon
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紐約時報記者普立茲獎得主
艾米·哈蒙所說，
艾米·哈蒙所說，
16:53
who says her answers
are often frustrating,
are often frustrating,
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她的回答經常讓人感到洩氣，
16:55
but other times as compelling as those
of any flesh person she's interviewed.
of any flesh person she's interviewed.
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但有時又和她採訪過的人的回答一樣
令人信服。
令人信服。
17:02
CA: And is your thinking here,
part of your hope here, is that
part of your hope here, is that
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克里斯：你認為，你希望
17:06
this version of Bina can in a sense
live on forever, or some future upgrade
live on forever, or some future upgrade
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這版本的碧娜可永生，
或升級一些特徵的版本
或升級一些特徵的版本
17:13
to this version can live on forever?
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可以永生？
17:15
MR: Yes. Not just Bina, but everybody.
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馬蒂娜：是的，不只是碧娜，
而是所有人。
而是所有人。
17:17
You know, it costs us virtually nothing
to store our mind files
to store our mind files
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你知道，儲存心智資料檔案
的成本幾乎是零
的成本幾乎是零
17:21
on Facebook, Instagram, what-have-you.
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臉書，Instagram，
諸如此類的社群網站。
諸如此類的社群網站。
17:24
Social media is I think one of the most
extraordinary inventions of our time,
extraordinary inventions of our time,
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社群媒體我認為是
這個時代最好的發明。
這個時代最好的發明。
17:28
and as apps become available
that will allow us
that will allow us
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應用程式越來越多元
讓我們
讓我們
17:32
to out-Siri Siri, better and better,
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把 Siri 這樣的應用程式
做得更好，
做得更好，
17:35
and develop consciousness
operating systems,
operating systems,
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發展出有意識的作業系統，
17:38
everybody in the world,
billions of people,
billions of people,
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世界上的任何人，
幾億人，
幾億人，
17:41
will be able to develop
mind clones of themselves
mind clones of themselves
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能夠複製自己的思想。
17:45
that will have their own life on the web.
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將他們的生活資料放在網路上。
17:47
CA: So the thing is, Martine,
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克里斯：問題是，馬蒂娜，
17:49
that in any normal conversation,
this would sound stark-staring mad,
this would sound stark-staring mad,
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4123
在平常的談話，
這聽起來簡直是瘋了，
這聽起來簡直是瘋了，
17:53
but in the context of your life,
what you've done,
what you've done,
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你生活的點點滴滴，
你做過的事，
你做過的事，
17:56
some of the things we've heard this week,
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這個禮拜你所聽到的事，
17:58
the constructed realities
that our minds give,
that our minds give,
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我們的大腦所建構出的事實，
18:00
I mean, you wouldn't bet against it.
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我的意思是，你會去做。
18:04
MR: Well, I think it's really nothing
coming from me.
coming from me.
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馬蒂娜：是，其實我沒做些什麼。
18:07
If anything, I'm perhaps a bit
of a communicator of activities
of a communicator of activities
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有的話，我大概
只當一個溝通者的角色
只當一個溝通者的角色
18:14
that are being undertaken
by the greatest companies
by the greatest companies
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為經營優秀的公司傳遞活動訊息
18:17
in China, Japan, India, the U.S., Europe.
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那些公司在中國、日本、
印度、美國和歐洲。
印度、美國和歐洲。
18:21
There are tens of millions of people
working on writing code
working on writing code
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有千萬人寫程式碼
18:25
that expresses more and more aspects
of our human consciousness,
of our human consciousness,
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以表達更多的人類意識，
18:29
and you don't have to be a genius
to see that all these threads
to see that all these threads
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你不是一個天才也可看出
這些線索
這些線索
18:34
are going to come together
and ultimately create human consciousness,
and ultimately create human consciousness,
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將會整合在一起，
最後創造出人類意識，
最後創造出人類意識，
18:38
and it's something we'll value.
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這是我們所重視的。
18:40
There are so many things
to do in this life,
to do in this life,
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人生中有許多的事要做，
18:43
and if we could have a simulacrum,
a digital doppelgänger of ourselves
a digital doppelgänger of ourselves
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如果我們有一個
面貌極像自己的機器人
面貌極像自己的機器人
18:47
that helps us process books, do shopping,
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幫助我們讀書，購物，
18:50
be our best friends,
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成為我們的好朋友，
18:52
I believe our mind clones,
these digital versions of ourselves,
these digital versions of ourselves,
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我認為複製我們的思想，
那些數位版的自己，
那些數位版的自己，
18:55
will ultimately be our best friends,
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最終會成為我們最好的朋友，
18:58
and for me personally and Bina personally,
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對我和碧娜而言，
19:00
we love each other like crazy.
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我們瘋狂地愛著對方。
19:02
Each day, we are always saying, like,
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每天，我們都會說著這樣的話，
19:03
"Wow, I love you even more
than 30 years ago.
than 30 years ago.
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「我比三十年前還愛你。」
19:06
And so for us, the prospect of mind clones
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對我們來說，心靈複製的可能性
19:09
and regenerated bodies
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身體的再生
19:11
is that our love affair, Chris,
can go on forever.
can go on forever.
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3090
是我們的愛情關係，克里斯
可以持續到永遠。
可以持續到永遠。
19:14
And we never get bored of each other.
I'm sure we never will.
I'm sure we never will.
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我們從不彼此感到厭煩。
我肯定以後也不會。
我肯定以後也不會。
19:17
CA: I think Bina's here, right?
MR: She is, yeah.
MR: She is, yeah.
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克里斯：碧娜在場，是嗎？
馬蒂娜：是的，她在。
馬蒂娜：是的，她在。
19:20
CA: Would it be too much, I don't know,
do we have a handheld mic?
do we have a handheld mic?
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克里斯：我會不會要求太多，
有手持式麥克風嗎？
有手持式麥克風嗎？
19:23
Bina, could we invite you to the stage?
I just have to ask you one question.
I just have to ask you one question.
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碧娜，我們可以邀請你上台？
我只有一個問題非問不可。
我只有一個問題非問不可。
19:27
Besides, we need to see you.
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除此之外，我們很想看看你。
19:28
(Applause)
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2949
（掌聲）
19:35
Thank you, thank you.
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1556
謝謝，謝謝。
19:36
Come and join Martine here.
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2693
來和馬蒂娜坐一起。
19:39
I mean, look, when you got married,
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當你結婚的時候，
19:44
if someone had told you that,
in a few years time,
in a few years time,
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如果有人告訴你，
幾年之後，
幾年之後，
19:47
the man you were marrying
would become a woman,
would become a woman,
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你嫁的這個男人
會變成一個女人，
會變成一個女人，
19:49
and a few years after that,
you would become a robot --
you would become a robot --
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然後再過幾年之後，
你會變成一個機器人，
你會變成一個機器人，
19:52
(Laughter) --
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（笑聲）
19:55
how has this gone? How has it been?
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3285
這是怎麼一個情況？
19:59
Bina Rothblatt: It's been really
an exciting journey,
an exciting journey,
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2566
碧娜·羅新布拉特：
這是一個令人非常興奮的旅程，
這是一個令人非常興奮的旅程，
20:01
and I would have never
thought that at the time,
thought that at the time,
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我當時從沒想過，
20:04
but we started making goals
and setting those goals
and setting those goals
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當我開始設定目標，
著手執行目標
著手執行目標
20:07
and accomplishing things,
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完成一些事情，
20:09
and before you knew it,
we just keep going up and up
we just keep going up and up
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在意識到之前，
我們不斷往前行
我們不斷往前行
20:11
and we're still not stopping,
so it's great.
so it's great.
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到現在還沒停下來，
這很棒。
這很棒。
20:14
CA: Martine told me something
really beautiful,
really beautiful,
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3065
克里斯：馬蒂娜告訴我一些美好的事，
20:17
just actually on Skype before this,
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是在之前我們以 Skype 通話的時候，
20:20
which was that he wanted
to live for hundreds of years
to live for hundreds of years
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他希望能夠活個幾百年
20:25
as a mind file,
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2326
透過心智檔案資料的方式，
20:28
but not if it wasn't with you.
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3132
但沒有你的話，他就不做這件事。
20:31
BR: That's right,
we want to do it together.
we want to do it together.
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2108
碧娜：對的，我們要一起做這件事。
20:33
We're cryonicists as well,
and we want to wake up together.
and we want to wake up together.
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3253
我們做人體冷藏法
一起醒來。
一起醒來。
20:36
CA: So just so as you know,
from my point of view,
from my point of view,
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克里斯：如你所知，
從我的角度來看，
從我的角度來看，
20:39
this isn't only one of the most
astonishing lives I have heard,
astonishing lives I have heard,
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3715
這不僅是我聽過的最精彩的人生故事，
20:42
it's one of the most astonishing
love stories I've ever heard.
love stories I've ever heard.
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也是我聽過最精彩的愛情故事之一。
20:45
It's just a delight to have you
both here at TED.
both here at TED.
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非常高興兩位能來到 TED。
20:48
Thank you so much.
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非常謝謝你。
20:49
MR: Thank you.
365
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2322
馬蒂娜：謝謝你。
20:51
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Martine Rothblatt - TranshumanistWhether she’s inventing satellite radio, developing life-saving drugs or digitizing the human mind, Martine Rothblatt has a knack for turning visionary ideas into commonplace technology.
Why you should listen
After creating satellite radio with a startup that went on to become Sirius XM, Martine Rothblatt was on the verge of retirement. But her daughter’s rare lung disease inspired her to start United Therapeutics and develop an oral medication that changed the lives of thousands of patients. Now with the Terasem Foundation, she’s researching the digital preservation of personality as a means to enable the contents of our minds to outlast our bodies.
Rothblatt’s books include The Apartheid of Sex, which (inspired by her experiences as a transgendered woman) takes on conventional wisdom surrounding gender. Her latest book, Virtually Human, explores human rights for the digital lifeforms just over the horizon.
Martine Rothblatt | Speaker | TED.com