TED@UPS
Wanis Kabbaj: What a driverless world could look like
瓦尼斯·卡巴杰: 無人駕駛的世界，會是什麼樣子？
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
3,972,315 views
如果路上的交通，可以像靜脈中流動的血液一樣，流暢而有效率，會是什麼樣子？ 運輸專家瓦尼斯·卡巴杰認為，我們可以從生物學當中得到靈感，設計出未來的交通運輸系統。在這場前瞻性的演說當中，可以預見許多令人興奮的概念，例如模組化，可分離的巴士，飛行計程車，和磁浮懸吊的運輸系統。這些可以讓動態、無人駕駛的世界，從想像變成為現實。
Wanis Kabbaj - Transportation geek
UPS's Wanis Kabbaj works at the intersection of biology and transportation. Full bio
UPS's Wanis Kabbaj works at the intersection of biology and transportation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Some people are obsessed
by French wines.
by French wines.
0
836
2957
有些人對法國葡萄酒著迷。
有些人則愛打高爾夫球，
00:16
Others love playing golf
1
4302
2222
或熱愛閱讀文學作品。
00:18
or devouring literature.
2
6548
1639
00:20
One of my greatest pleasures
in life is, I have to admit,
in life is, I have to admit,
3
8729
3575
我生活中最大的樂趣之一，
我必須承認，有點特別。
00:24
a bit special.
4
12328
1206
00:25
I cannot tell you how much I enjoy
watching cities from the sky,
watching cities from the sky,
5
13946
4968
我很難形容
我有多喜愛從空中，
我有多喜愛從空中，
從飛機的窗口，俯視整座城市。
00:30
from an airplane window.
6
18938
1381
有些城市只經過些微的工業化，
00:32
Some cities are calmly industrious,
7
20916
2995
00:35
like Dusseldorf
8
23935
1540
像是杜塞道夫，
00:37
or Louisville.
9
25499
1641
或路易維爾。
有些城市則散發出難以掩蓋的能量，
00:39
Others project an energy
that they can hardly contain,
that they can hardly contain,
10
27780
3633
例如紐約，
00:43
like New York
11
31437
1317
或是香港。
00:44
or Hong Kong.
12
32778
1225
00:46
And then you have Paris
13
34524
2282
你還能看到像是巴黎，
00:49
or Istanbul,
14
37492
1712
或伊斯坦堡，
00:51
and their patina full of history.
15
39228
1973
連街道上的的銅鏽都充滿歷史情懷。
00:54
I see cities as living beings.
16
42108
2050
我把城市視為生命體，
00:56
And when I discover them from far above,
17
44514
2468
當我從高空中看見它們，
我喜歡去尋找
架構空間的主要街道和高速公路。
架構空間的主要街道和高速公路。
00:59
I like to find those main streets
and highways that structure their space.
and highways that structure their space.
18
47006
4425
01:04
Especially at night,
19
52019
1476
尤其是在晚上，
往來的人們，
讓交通動脈顯得五彩繽紛：
讓交通動脈顯得五彩繽紛：
01:05
when commuters make these arteries
look dramatically red and golden:
look dramatically red and golden:
20
53519
4823
它們就像是整座城市的血管系統，
01:10
the city's vascular system
performing its vital function
performing its vital function
21
58908
4287
正在你眼前執行重要的運輸功能。
01:15
right before your eyes.
22
63219
1210
但是當我坐在自己的車裡，
01:17
But when I'm sitting in my car
23
65569
2840
每天得花一個半小時上下班，
01:21
after an hour and a half
of commute every day,
of commute every day,
24
69020
3292
01:24
that reality looks very different.
25
72336
1877
現實變得完全不同。
01:26
(Laughter)
26
74237
1054
（笑聲）
彷彿一切都不存在──
01:27
Nothing --
27
75315
1158
01:28
not public radio,
28
76497
1690
沒有廣播節目，
沒有播客──
01:30
no podcast --
29
78211
1159
01:31
(Laughter)
30
79394
1028
（笑聲）
01:32
Not even mindfulness meditation
31
80446
2009
甚至無法靜下心來冥想，
01:34
makes this time worth living.
32
82479
1615
讓等待的時間稍微有些意義。
01:36
(Laughter)
33
84118
1609
（笑聲）
這不是很荒謬嗎？
01:38
Isn't it absurd
34
86072
1154
01:39
that we created cars
that can reach 130 miles per hour
that can reach 130 miles per hour
35
87250
4457
我們發明了汽車，
時速可以達到 130 英里，
時速可以達到 130 英里，
但是我們現在開車的速度
卻跟 19 世紀的馬車一樣？
卻跟 19 世紀的馬車一樣？
01:43
and we now drive them at the same speed
as 19th-century horse carriages?
as 19th-century horse carriages?
36
91731
5622
（笑聲）
01:49
(Laughter)
37
97377
1259
光是在美國，
01:50
In the US alone,
38
98660
1742
01:52
we spent 29.6 billion hours
commuting in 2014.
commuting in 2014.
39
100426
5394
在 2014 年我們就花費了
296 億小時在通勤上。
296 億小時在通勤上。
將這些時間加起來，
01:58
With that amount of time,
40
106281
1618
01:59
ancient Egyptians could have built
26 Pyramids of Giza.
26 Pyramids of Giza.
41
107923
4291
已經足夠讓古埃及人
蓋好 26 座吉薩金字塔。
蓋好 26 座吉薩金字塔。
02:04
(Laughter)
42
112238
1046
（笑聲）
而我們只要一年就做到了。
02:05
We do that in one year.
43
113308
1398
02:06
A monumental waste of time,
energy and human potential.
energy and human potential.
44
114730
4376
這實在很浪費時間、精神
和人類的潛能。
和人類的潛能。
幾十年來，
02:12
For decades,
45
120154
1177
02:13
our remedy for congestion was simple:
46
121355
2308
我們解決交通堵塞的方法很簡單：
02:15
build new roads or enlarge existing ones.
47
123687
3041
建造新的或是拓寬原有的道路。
而這個方法有效。
02:19
And it worked.
48
127198
1150
02:20
It worked admirably for Paris,
49
128372
2458
這個方法在巴黎有效，
02:22
when the city tore down
hundreds of historical buildings
hundreds of historical buildings
50
130854
3090
當時這座城市拆毀了數百座歷史建築，
02:25
to create 85 miles
51
133968
1647
只為了建造 85 英里長，
02:27
of transportation-friendly boulevards.
52
135639
2281
便於交通運輸的林蔭大道。
對於快速成長的新興城市，
這個方法仍然有效。
這個方法仍然有效。
02:30
And it still works today
in fast-growing emerging cities.
in fast-growing emerging cities.
53
138879
3220
但是在發展成熟的城市中心，
02:34
But in more established urban centers,
54
142549
2396
02:36
significant network expansions
are almost impossible:
are almost impossible:
55
144969
3930
大幅度擴充路網幾乎是不可能的：
02:40
habitat is just too dense,
56
148923
1920
因為建築過於密集，
02:42
real estate, too expensive
57
150867
1973
土地也過於昂貴，
02:44
and public finances, too fragile.
58
152864
2060
而公共財政又脆弱不堪。
02:47
Our city's vascular system
is getting clogged, it's getting sick,
is getting clogged, it's getting sick,
59
155780
3605
我們城市的血管系統
堵塞得愈來愈嚴重，
堵塞得愈來愈嚴重，
它生病了，我們應該重視此事。
02:51
and we should pay attention.
60
159409
1607
02:53
Our current way
of thinking is not working.
of thinking is not working.
61
161040
2703
我們目前的思維是行不通的。
02:56
For our transportation to flow,
62
164172
1921
為了讓我們的交通流動順暢，
02:58
we need a new source of inspiration.
63
166117
2351
需要新的靈感來源。
我在交通運輸部門工作了 16 年，
03:02
So after 16 years
working in transportation,
working in transportation,
64
170187
2692
03:05
my "aha moment" happened
when speaking with a biotech customer.
when speaking with a biotech customer.
65
173437
3546
在一次和生技領域的客戶談話時，
我突然靈光一閃！
我突然靈光一閃！
她告訴我，
03:09
She was telling me how her treatment
66
177622
2028
她如何運用血管系統的特性，
來治療病人。
來治療病人。
03:11
was leveraging specific properties
of our vascular system.
of our vascular system.
67
179674
3243
「哇！」我想，「我們的血管系統──
03:15
"Wow," I thought, "Our vascular system --
68
183582
2468
03:18
all the veins and arteries in our body
69
186074
3076
我們體內所有的靜脈和動脈，
03:21
making miracles of logistics every day."
70
189174
3207
每天都在進行奇蹟般的運送工作。」
03:25
This is the moment I realized
71
193112
2158
那時我意識到，
03:27
that biology has been
in the transportation business
in the transportation business
72
195294
2983
生物已經進行了
數十億年的運輸工作。
03:30
for billions of years.
73
198301
1511
03:32
It has been testing countless solutions
74
200364
2364
測試過無數種解決方式，
03:34
to move nutrients, gases and proteins.
75
202752
3299
來運送養分、氣體和蛋白質。
這真的是世界上
最複雜又尖端的運輸實驗室。
最複雜又尖端的運輸實驗室。
03:38
It really is the world's most
sophisticated transportation laboratory.
sophisticated transportation laboratory.
76
206532
4361
03:43
So, what if the solution to our traffic
challenges was inside us?
challenges was inside us?
77
211326
5503
那麼，是否解決交通問題的答案，
其實來自我們身體之中？
其實來自我們身體之中？
我想知道：
03:49
I wanted to know:
78
217895
1265
03:51
Why is it that blood flows
in our veins most of our lives,
in our veins most of our lives,
79
219184
3796
為什麼在大多數生物的體內，
血液都能在血管中順暢流動，
血液都能在血管中順暢流動，
03:55
when our big cities get clogged
on a daily basis?
on a daily basis?
80
223004
3592
但是大城市的交通卻每天都在堵塞？
03:58
And the reality is that you're looking
at two very different networks.
at two very different networks.
81
226990
4564
事實上，你得把它們視為
兩種完全不同的網路。
兩種完全不同的網路。
04:04
I don't know if you realize,
82
232013
1819
不曉得你知不知道，
04:06
but each of us has 60,000 miles
of blood vessels in our bodies --
of blood vessels in our bodies --
83
234223
4697
我們每個人體內都有
長達 60,000 英里的血管 －－
長達 60,000 英里的血管 －－
60,000 英里。
04:10
60,000 miles.
84
238944
1294
04:12
That's two-and-a-half times
the Earth's circumference,
the Earth's circumference,
85
240262
2592
這個長度是地球圓周的兩倍半，
就在你身體裡面。
04:14
inside you.
86
242878
1253
這代表著血管佈滿我們身體內部，
04:16
What it means is that blood vessels
are everywhere inside us,
are everywhere inside us,
87
244860
3319
04:20
not just under the surface of our skin.
88
248203
2027
而不只是在表皮之下。
04:22
But if you look at our cities,
89
250610
2209
但是，如果你看看我們的城市，
04:24
yes, we have some
underground subway systems
underground subway systems
90
252843
3098
是的，我們擁有地下捷運系統，
隧道和橋樑，
04:27
and some tunnels and bridges,
91
255965
2416
04:30
and also some helicopters in the sky.
92
258405
2280
天上還有直升機。
04:32
But the vast majority of our traffic
is focused on the ground,
is focused on the ground,
93
260709
4059
但是我們大多數的交通運輸
集中在地面上，
集中在地面上，
在地表上。
04:36
on the surface.
94
264792
1177
04:38
So in other words,
95
266450
1355
所以換句話說，
04:39
while our vascular system uses
the three dimensions inside us,
the three dimensions inside us,
96
267829
4379
我們的血管系統，
在人體內是三維的立體分佈，
在人體內是三維的立體分佈，
但是我們的都市交通，
大部分還是二維的平面結構。
大部分還是二維的平面結構。
04:44
our urban transportation
is mostly two-dimensional.
is mostly two-dimensional.
97
272232
2764
04:47
And so what we need
is to embrace that verticality.
is to embrace that verticality.
98
275881
3033
所以我們需要的是往垂直方向發展。
如果我們的交通網已經飽和，
04:51
If our surface grid is saturated,
99
279290
2565
04:53
well, let's elevate our traffic.
100
281879
1898
讓我們把它往上提高。
04:56
This Chinese concept of a bus
that can straddle traffic jams --
that can straddle traffic jams --
101
284174
3884
這是可以跨越堵塞車潮的
中國公車概念──
中國公車概念──
05:00
that was an eye-opener on new ways
to think about space and movement
to think about space and movement
102
288694
4385
這個令人大開眼界的新方法，
讓我們重新思考
讓我們重新思考
在城市中，空間和移動的關係。
05:05
inside our cities.
103
293103
1286
接著我們可以繼續上昇，
05:06
And we can go higher,
104
294863
1812
05:08
and suspend our transportation
like we did with our electrical grid.
like we did with our electrical grid.
105
296699
4292
把運輸系統懸吊起來，
就像輸電網路一樣。
就像輸電網路一樣。
05:13
Tel Aviv and Abu Dhabi
are talking about testing
are talking about testing
106
301968
3017
特拉維夫和阿布達比，
都正在測試磁浮懸吊的運輸系統。
05:17
these futuristic networks
of suspended magnetic pods.
of suspended magnetic pods.
107
305009
3832
05:21
And we can keep climbing, and fly.
108
309465
2896
我們還可以繼續往上升，
然後飛起來。
然後飛起來。
事實上，像空中巴士
這樣的航空公司，
這樣的航空公司，
05:25
The fact that a company like Airbus
109
313263
1927
05:27
is now seriously working
on flying urban taxis
on flying urban taxis
110
315214
3308
正在努力研究
適用於都市的飛行計程車，
適用於都市的飛行計程車，
這帶給我們一些啟示。
05:30
is telling us something.
111
318546
1373
飛行汽車終於從科幻電影的場景，
05:32
Flying cars are finally moving
from science-fiction déjà vu
from science-fiction déjà vu
112
320633
4868
來到讓人期待的商業領域。
05:37
to attractive business-case territory.
113
325525
2689
05:40
And that's an exciting moment.
114
328238
1610
這是一個令人激動的時刻。
所以建立三維的立體交通網路，
05:42
So building this 3-D
transportation network
transportation network
115
330415
2629
05:45
is one of the ways we can mitigate
and solve traffic jams.
and solve traffic jams.
116
333068
5318
是我們減輕和解決
交通堵塞的辦法之一。
交通堵塞的辦法之一。
但這並不是唯一的方法。
05:50
But it's not the only one.
117
338410
1410
05:52
We have to question
118
340257
1618
我們需要質疑
過去所做的一些重要選擇，
過去所做的一些重要選擇，
05:53
other fundamental choices
that we made, like the vehicles we use.
that we made, like the vehicles we use.
119
341899
3767
例如我們所使用的運輸工具。
05:58
Just imagine a very familiar scene:
120
346278
2340
試著想像一個熟悉的場景：
你已經開了 42 分鐘的車。
06:00
You've been driving for 42 minutes.
121
348983
2133
06:03
The two kids behind you
are getting restless.
are getting restless.
122
351656
2723
在你身後的兩個孩子，
越來越感到焦躁不安。
越來越感到焦躁不安。
06:06
And you're late.
123
354899
1205
而且你已經遲到了。
06:08
Do you see that slow car in front of you?
124
356754
2265
你看到前面那台龜速的車子嗎？
06:11
Always comes when you're late, right?
125
359474
1818
每次當你遲到了，
他們就會出現，對吧？
他們就會出現，對吧？
06:13
(Laughter)
126
361316
1135
（笑聲）
06:14
That driver is looking for parking.
127
362475
2163
那輛車的駕駛正在找停車位。
06:17
There is no parking spot
available in the area,
available in the area,
128
365193
2217
這個地區根本沒有空的停車位，
06:19
but how would he know?
129
367434
1343
但是他怎麼可能知道？
據估計，都市中
高達 30％ 的交通堵塞，
高達 30％ 的交通堵塞，
06:21
It is estimated that up to 30 percent
of urban traffic is generated
of urban traffic is generated
130
369552
4916
都是因為找停車位所引起的。
06:26
by drivers looking for parking.
131
374492
1725
你看到你周圍的 100 輛車子了嗎？
06:29
Do you see the 100 cars around you?
132
377091
1874
其中的 85 輛車只載了一個人。
06:31
Eighty-five of them
only have one passenger.
only have one passenger.
133
379549
2611
這 85 位汽車駕駛，可以全部
坐進一輛倫敦的紅色巴士。
坐進一輛倫敦的紅色巴士。
06:34
Those 85 drivers could all fit
in one Londonian red bus.
in one Londonian red bus.
134
382571
4220
所以問題是：
06:39
So the question is:
135
387339
1151
06:40
Why are we wasting so much space
if it is what we need the most?
if it is what we need the most?
136
388514
3060
為什麼如此浪費
人們最需要的空間？
人們最需要的空間？
為什麼我們要這樣做？
06:43
Why are doing this to ourselves?
137
391598
1762
06:45
Biology would never do this.
138
393746
1954
在生物學上，這絕對不會發生。
06:48
Space inside our arteries
is fully utilized.
is fully utilized.
139
396189
3047
我們體內血管的空間，
都被充分的利用。
都被充分的利用。
06:51
At every heartbeat,
140
399722
1524
每次心跳時，
06:53
a higher blood pressure literally compacts
millions of red blood cells
millions of red blood cells
141
401270
4013
血壓將百萬個紅血球
帶入大量的氧氣，
06:57
into massive trains of oxygen
142
405307
2118
06:59
that quickly flow throughout our body.
143
407449
1889
迅速地運送到我們的全身。
07:01
And the tiny space inside our red
blood cells is not wasted, either.
blood cells is not wasted, either.
144
409771
3930
同樣，我們體內紅血球的狹小空間，
也完全沒有被浪費。
也完全沒有被浪費。
在健康的情況下，
07:06
In healthy conditions,
145
414357
1717
07:08
more than 95 percent
of their oxygen capacity is utilized.
of their oxygen capacity is utilized.
146
416098
4038
95% 以上的氧氣容量
都被完全利用。
都被完全利用。
07:12
Can you imagine if the vehicles
we used in our cities
we used in our cities
147
420494
2861
你能否想像，如果我們在都市中
所使用的交通工具
所使用的交通工具
都有 95% 的使用率，
07:15
were 95 percent full,
148
423379
1684
07:17
all the additional space
you would have to walk, to bike
you would have to walk, to bike
149
425087
3384
可以增加多少空間，
讓你自由行走、騎自行車，
讓你自由行走、騎自行車，
07:20
and to enjoy our cities?
150
428495
1538
並且享受各種都市生活？
血液具有神奇的高效率，
07:22
The reason blood is so
incredibly efficient
incredibly efficient
151
430616
3513
07:26
is that our red blood cells
are not dedicated
are not dedicated
152
434153
3101
是因為我們的紅血球並不是專屬於
特定的器官或組織；
07:29
to specific organs or tissues;
153
437278
1854
07:31
otherwise, we would probably have
traffic jams in our veins.
traffic jams in our veins.
154
439497
3111
否則，我們的血管
也可能會發生交通堵塞。
也可能會發生交通堵塞。
不，它們是所有器官共享的。
07:34
No, they're shared.
155
442632
1232
07:35
They're shared by all
the cells of our body.
the cells of our body.
156
443888
2376
它們是由身體內所有細胞共享的。
07:38
And because our network is so extensive,
157
446737
2653
而且因為血管的分佈如此廣泛，
07:41
each one of our 37 trillion cells
gets its own deliveries of oxygen
gets its own deliveries of oxygen
158
449414
4760
我們體內 37 兆細胞
當中的每一個，
當中的每一個，
都能在有需要時精確地取得氧氣。
07:46
precisely when it needs them.
159
454198
1529
07:48
Blood is both a collective
and individual form of transportation.
and individual form of transportation.
160
456253
4590
血液同時兼具
整合與獨特的運輸形式。
整合與獨特的運輸形式。
07:53
But for our cities,
161
461513
1544
但是對於我們的城市，
我們一直在堅持某些原則。
07:55
we've been stuck.
162
463081
1284
07:56
We've been stuck in an endless debate
163
464389
2045
我們一直陷於無止境的爭論：
07:58
between creating a car-centric society
or extensive mass-transit systems.
or extensive mass-transit systems.
164
466458
5217
應該創造一個汽車為中心的社會，
或是提供廣泛的公共運輸系統？
或是提供廣泛的公共運輸系統？
我認為我們應該超越這一點。
08:04
I think we should transcend this.
165
472295
1615
08:05
I think we can create vehicles
that combine the convenience of cars
that combine the convenience of cars
166
473934
4319
我認為，我們可以結合兩者：
能夠像汽車一樣便利，
能夠像汽車一樣便利，
同時和火車、巴士一樣
有效率的交通工具。
有效率的交通工具。
08:10
and the efficiencies of trains and buses.
167
478277
2317
08:13
Just imagine.
168
481459
1405
想像一下。
08:14
You're comfortably sitting
in a fast and smooth urban train,
in a fast and smooth urban train,
169
482888
4248
你正舒服地坐在快速、平穩的
市區列車上。
市區列車上。
和其他的 1200 名乘客一起。
08:19
along with 1,200 passengers.
170
487160
2111
問題在於市區列車
08:21
The problem with urban trains
171
489950
1687
08:23
is that sometimes you have to stop
five, ten, fifteen times
five, ten, fifteen times
172
491661
4395
可能需要停車五次、
十次甚至十五次，
十次甚至十五次，
才會抵達你的目的地。
08:28
before your final destination.
173
496080
1541
08:30
What if in this train
you didn't have to stop?
you didn't have to stop?
174
498421
2911
如果這列火車不需要停止呢？
08:33
In this train,
175
501929
1269
在這列火車上，
08:35
wagons can detach dynamically
while you're moving
while you're moving
176
503222
3229
車廂可以在移動中進行動態分離，
08:39
and become express, driverless buses
177
507012
2482
變成一部輕便、無人駕駛的巴士，
行駛於次要道路路網上。
08:41
that move on a secondary road network.
178
509518
2053
08:44
And so without a single stop,
179
512024
1901
所以，一站都不需要停，
08:45
nor a lengthy transfer,
180
513949
1587
也不用花時間轉車，
08:47
you are now sitting in a bus
that is headed toward your suburb.
that is headed toward your suburb.
181
515560
3409
你現在所搭乘的
就是直達目的地的小巴士。
就是直達目的地的小巴士。
08:51
And when you get close,
182
519647
1926
而當你接近目的地時，
08:53
the section you're sitting in detaches
183
521597
3307
你的座位區塊會分離，
08:56
and self-drives you
right to your doorstep.
right to your doorstep.
184
524928
2950
然後自動載送您到家門口。
它在同一時間提供了
整合與個人化的運輸形式。
整合與個人化的運輸形式。
09:00
It is collective and individual
at the same time.
at the same time.
185
528523
2661
09:03
This could be one of the shared,
modular, driverless vehicles of tomorrow.
modular, driverless vehicles of tomorrow.
186
531922
4877
這會是一種共享、模組化、
無人駕駛的未來交通工具。
無人駕駛的未來交通工具。
09:09
Now ...
187
537681
1161
現在……
09:11
as if walking in a city
buzzing with drones,
buzzing with drones,
188
539217
3158
即使你漫步在充滿著無人機、
飛天計程車、模組化公車
和磁浮懸吊運輸系統的城市中，
和磁浮懸吊運輸系統的城市中，
09:14
flying taxis, modular buses
and suspended magnetic pods
and suspended magnetic pods
189
542399
4287
09:18
was not exotic enough,
190
546710
1451
都還不夠新奇。
09:21
I think there is another force in action
191
549062
1937
我認為還有另一種思維正逐漸興起，
09:23
that will make urban traffic mesmerizing.
192
551023
2581
將會讓你對於都市的交通
感到不可思議。
感到不可思議。
09:26
If you think about it,
193
554541
1589
如果你想一下，
無人駕駛汽車目前的設計方式，
09:28
the current generation of driverless cars
is just trying to earn its way
is just trying to earn its way
194
556154
5006
仍然是為了適應人類的道路系統。
09:33
into a traffic grid
made by and for humans.
made by and for humans.
195
561184
3030
它們正努力學習交通規則，
這還算是比較簡單的，
這還算是比較簡單的，
09:36
They're trying to learn traffic rules,
which is relatively simple,
which is relatively simple,
196
564626
3413
09:40
and coping with human unpredictability,
197
568551
1909
還要應付人類的不可預測性，
09:42
which is more challenging.
198
570484
1612
那才是更大的挑戰。
但是，當整座城市都變成無人駕駛，
會發生什麼事？
會發生什麼事？
09:45
But what would happen
when whole cities become driverless?
when whole cities become driverless?
199
573063
3427
我們還需要紅綠燈嗎？
09:48
Would we need traffic lights?
200
576999
1828
我們還需要車道標線嗎？
09:50
Would we need lanes?
201
578851
1596
09:52
How about speed limits?
202
580471
1499
我們還需要速限嗎？
紅血球不必順著標線流動。
09:54
Red blood cells are not flowing in lanes.
203
582563
2289
也不必遇到紅燈時停下來。
09:57
They never stop at red lights.
204
585402
1961
09:59
In the first driverless cities,
205
587387
1976
在第一座無人駕駛的城市，
10:01
you would have no red lights and no lanes.
206
589387
2117
就完全沒有紅綠燈跟車道標線。
10:04
And when all the cars
are driverless and connected,
are driverless and connected,
207
592014
3073
當所有的車輛都是無人駕駛，
並且互相連線時，
並且互相連線時，
10:07
everything is predictable
and reaction time, minimum.
and reaction time, minimum.
208
595630
3565
所有過程都能事先預測，
而反應時間也能降到最少。
而反應時間也能降到最少。
10:11
They can drive much faster
209
599219
1914
它們可以開得更快，
也能主動採取任何合理的駕駛行為，
無論是自己加速，
無論是自己加速，
10:13
and can take any rational initiative
that can speed them up
that can speed them up
210
601157
2937
或是讓周圍的車輛加速。
10:16
or the cars around them.
211
604118
1357
10:18
So instead of rigid traffic rules,
212
606600
2675
所以，固定的交通規則將會消失，
10:22
flow will be regulated
213
610203
1332
取而代之的是具有動態特性、
10:23
by a mesh of dynamic and constantly
self-improving algorithms.
self-improving algorithms.
214
611559
4827
能持續自我改善演算法的
交通流量調節方式。
交通流量調節方式。
結果將產生一種全新的交通模式，
10:30
The result: a strange traffic
215
618468
2727
10:33
that mixes the fast and smooth
rigor of German autobahns
rigor of German autobahns
216
621219
3511
同時結合了德國的高速公路
快速、平穩與精確特性，
快速、平穩與精確特性，
10:36
and the creative vitality
of the intersections of Mumbai.
of the intersections of Mumbai.
217
624754
3300
以及孟買的十字路口
所具有的創意與活力。
所具有的創意與活力。
交通......（笑聲）
10:40
(Laughter)
218
628695
1559
10:42
Traffic will be functionally exuberant.
219
630278
1955
交通運輸將會更為生氣蓬勃。
10:44
It will be liquid like our blood.
220
632257
2441
就像是我們體內血液的流動。
10:46
And by a strange paradox,
221
634722
1756
很弔詭的是：
10:48
the more robotized
our traffic grid will be,
our traffic grid will be,
222
636502
2811
我們的交通網路愈是自動化，
10:51
the more organic and alive
its movement will feel.
its movement will feel.
223
639337
2756
人們愈能在移動過程中
感覺到有機和活力。
感覺到有機和活力。
10:55
So yes,
224
643075
1777
所以，是的，
10:56
biology has all the attributes
of a transportation genius today.
of a transportation genius today.
225
644876
3698
現今的生物擁有聰明運輸的特性。
11:00
But this process has taken
billions of years,
billions of years,
226
648598
2809
但是，這是歷經數十億年的過程，
11:03
and went through all sorts
of iterations and mutations.
of iterations and mutations.
227
651431
3002
經過不斷地重複和突變而來的。
我們無法再等待數十億年，
來改良運輸系統。
來改良運輸系統。
11:06
We can't wait billions of years
to evolve our transportation system.
to evolve our transportation system.
228
654892
3428
11:10
We now have the dreams,
229
658979
1828
現在，我們擁有夢想，
11:12
the concepts
230
660831
1292
我們擁有觀念，
11:14
and the technology
231
662147
2306
我們還擁有技術
11:16
to create 3-D transportation networks,
232
664477
2850
來建造立體的交通運輸網路，
發明新的運輸工具，
11:19
invent new vehicles
233
667351
1715
並改變我們的城市動線。
11:21
and change the flow in our cities.
234
669090
1624
我們開始行動吧！
11:23
Let's do it.
235
671109
1155
謝謝大家。
11:24
Thank you.
236
672288
1164
11:25
(Applause)
237
673476
2833
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Wanis Kabbaj - Transportation geekUPS's Wanis Kabbaj works at the intersection of biology and transportation.
Why you should listen
As the director of global strategy for healthcare logistics at UPS, Wanis Kabbaj finds ways for organizations to transport their temperature-sensitive medicines and biotechnologies safely around the world. For more than 16 years, Kabbaj's professional engagements have always revolved around transportation and innovation. Some of his ventures involved helping EADS Astrium use its satellite space transportation expertise in unexpected markets or participating in the global launch of Logan, a revolutionary low-cost vehicle, that helped Renault-Nissan harness a surprising growth in emerging markets.
Kabbaj is a dual citizen of Morocco and France and lived in four continents. Experiencing constant cultural transitions throughout his life gave him a real taste for analyzing problems through non-traditional lenses and blending disciplines that are usually kept separate.
Wanis Kabbaj | Speaker | TED.com