TED2016
Franz Freudenthal: A new way to heal hearts without surgery
Franz Freudenthal: 一個唔需要做手術就醫好心臟病嘅新方法
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
1,498,108 views
融合咗醫學發明同山區文化，兒科心臟學家 Franz Freudenthal 幫全球嘅兒童修復心漏病。佢用傳統玻理維亞人嘅織布技巧，製造咗一件儀器。佢話：「如果我哋有夢想，呢個時代最複雜嘅難題都可以用簡單嘅技巧解決。」
Franz Freudenthal - Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects. Full bio
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The most complex problems in our time
0
868
3304
我哋呢個時代最難嘅問題
00:16
can be solved with simple techniques,
1
4196
2946
都可以用簡單嘅技巧解決
00:19
if we are able to dream.
2
7166
2563
祗要我哋敢去夢想。
00:22
As a child, I discovered
that creativity is the key
that creativity is the key
3
10991
4961
我細個已經發現創意
就係實現夢想嘅鎖鑰
00:27
to cross from dreams to reality.
4
15976
4393
00:33
I learned this from my grandmother,
5
21570
2313
呢樣嘢係我喺嫲嫲嗰度學返嚟
00:35
Dr. Ruth Tichauer,
6
23907
1677
佢叫做 Ruth Tichauer 醫生
00:38
a Jewish refugee that settled
in the heart of the Andes.
in the heart of the Andes.
7
26300
4648
佢係猶太裔難民，後嚟喺
安地斯山脈地區定居
安地斯山脈地區定居
00:43
That is how I grew up:
8
31729
2689
我係咁様長大：
00:46
encouraged to see beyond any limitation.
9
34442
3323
佢鼓勵我看世界，從來無禁止我睇乜嘢
00:50
So part of my education
included helping her
included helping her
10
38982
3424
所以我受嘅教育包括幫佢
00:54
in remote, indigenous communities.
11
42430
3410
到偏遠嘅土著社區服務
00:57
I cherish those memories,
12
45864
2225
我好懷念呢啲記憶
01:00
because they helped me
to understand life outside the city,
to understand life outside the city,
13
48113
5770
因為佢幫助我明白城外嘅世界
01:07
a life with a lot of possibilities,
14
55040
3354
嗰度有無限嘅生機
01:10
without barriers, as language or culture.
15
58418
2865
無語言同文化嘅限制
01:13
During those trips, my grandmother
used to recite a Kipling poem:
used to recite a Kipling poem:
16
61780
4326
當時喺旅程之間，嫲嫲成日
唱一首Kipling 嘅詩：
唱一首Kipling 嘅詩：
01:18
"Something hidden. Go and find it.
17
66687
3585
「有東西躲起來了。快去找它出來。
01:22
Go and look behind the Mountains.
18
70296
2658
到山
01:24
Something lost behind the mountains.
19
72978
3755
它在山背滅失了。
01:28
Lost and waiting for you. Go!"
20
76757
3737
它滅失了，正等著你。去吧！」
01:33
In the coming years,
I became a medical student.
I became a medical student.
21
81624
3291
後嚟我學醫
01:38
One of every hundred
children born worldwide
children born worldwide
22
86299
5224
世界上每一百個兒童
01:43
has some kind of heart disease.
23
91547
2923
就有一個患咗先天心臟病
01:47
There's a part of this problem
I think I can solve --
I think I can solve --
24
95214
5150
我諗我可以解決部分嘅問題
01:52
the part of this problem
I have spent my life working on.
I have spent my life working on.
25
100388
6547
我一生都為呢個問題工作
01:59
The problem starts
26
107904
1589
呢個問題
02:02
during pregnancy.
27
110279
1357
係從懷孕期開始
02:04
The fetus needs to survive
inside the mother.
inside the mother.
28
112610
3007
胎兒一定要喺母體活嚟
02:08
Survival depends on communication
29
116808
4011
胎兒靠著系統血流
同肺血維繫
02:13
between the systemic
and the pulmonary blood.
and the pulmonary blood.
30
121321
2939
02:16
At the moment of birth,
31
124994
1342
喺出世嗰陣
02:19
this communication needs to stop.
32
127055
2252
呢種互通必須停止
02:22
If it doesn't close, the baby
has a hole in the heart.
has a hole in the heart.
33
130474
4098
如果唔停止，嬰兒嘅心臟就會有個窿
02:27
It is caused by prematurity
and genetic conditions.
and genetic conditions.
34
135398
4222
呢種情形喺因為早産或者遺傳基因問題
02:32
But what we know today
35
140537
2995
但係我哋而家知道
02:35
is that a lack of oxygen
is also one of the causes.
is also one of the causes.
36
143556
4421
缺氧都係其中一個原因
02:41
As you can see in the chart,
37
149119
2125
喺圖中，你哋可以睇到
02:43
the frequency of this kind of hole
38
151775
4588
病人患心漏病嘅幾率
02:48
dramatically increases with altitude.
39
156387
2960
隨著海拔越高越升得多
02:52
Video: (Baby crying)
40
160327
3132
影片：（嬰兒哭聲）
02:56
When you look at patients
with this condition,
with this condition,
41
164357
3268
可以睇到呢啲病人
02:59
they seem desperate to breathe.
42
167649
2257
好搏命咁呼吸
03:02
To close the hole, major surgery
used to be the only solution.
used to be the only solution.
43
170521
5203
要封呢嗰窿，以前做
大手術係唯一嘅辦法
大手術係唯一嘅辦法
03:08
One night, my friend Malte,
were camping in the Amazon region.
were camping in the Amazon region.
44
176527
4991
有一晩，我個朋友 Malte
喺阿馬遜河叢林露營
喺阿馬遜河叢林露營
03:14
The only thing that would not burn
in the fire was a green avocado branch.
in the fire was a green avocado branch.
45
182385
6176
我哋生火時，只有綠色嘅
鱷利樹枝唔會燒著
鱷利樹枝唔會燒著
03:21
Then came a moment of inspiration.
46
189088
2727
咁樣觸發咗我啲靈感
03:24
So we used the branch as a mold
for our first invention.
for our first invention.
47
192513
4187
於是我哋用呢啲樹枝
做首個發明嘅模型
做首個發明嘅模型
03:29
The holes in children's hearts
can be closed with it.
can be closed with it.
48
197110
2994
可用佢堵塞兒童心臟嗰啲窿
03:32
A coil is a piece of wire
wrapped onto itself.
wrapped onto itself.
49
200509
4254
呢圈儀器畀一條金屬缐喺上面裹咗
03:37
It maybe doesn't look so fancy to you now,
50
205313
3423
可能你哋睇嚟 覺得唔係好靚
03:40
but that was our first successful attempt
51
208760
3317
但，佢係我第一個設計成功嘅儀器
03:44
to create a device for this major problem.
52
212989
3540
為咗解決呢個大難題
03:49
In this video, we can see
how a very tiny catheter
how a very tiny catheter
53
217671
3137
喺呢段影片，我哋可以
見到一條好幼嘅導管
見到一條好幼嘅導管
03:52
takes the coil to the heart.
54
220832
2129
點樣將儀器帶到心臟
03:55
The coil then closes the hole.
55
223393
2304
然後嗰卷儀器點樣堵塞個窿
03:57
After that moment of inspiration,
56
225721
2805
有咗靈感之後
04:00
there came a very long time of effort
57
228550
5158
我努力咗好耐
04:06
developing a prototype.
58
234533
1938
製造一個雛形
04:08
In vitro and in vivo studies took
thousands of hours of work in the lab.
thousands of hours of work in the lab.
59
236495
5589
喺實驗室工作咗千個小時
做試管或者活體研究
做試管或者活體研究
04:15
The coil, if it works, can save lives.
60
243321
3589
如果硏究成功就能救到好多人
04:20
I returned from Germany to Bolivia,
61
248202
2412
我由德國返到玻理維亞
04:22
thinking that wherever we go,
62
250638
2504
想到無論我哋去到邊到
04:25
we have the opportunity
to make a difference.
to make a difference.
63
253166
3348
都有機會為別人變得更好
04:29
With my wife and partner,
Dr. Alexandra Heath,
Dr. Alexandra Heath,
64
257278
4500
我同太太、合伙人
Alexandra Heath 醫生
Alexandra Heath 醫生
04:33
we started to see patients.
65
261802
1666
開始診症
04:35
After successfully treating
patients with our coil,
patients with our coil,
66
263492
4301
跟著利用我哋嘅儀器醫好病人
04:39
we felt really enthusiastic.
67
267817
2465
我哋真係好熱心
04:42
But we live in a place
68
270688
3842
但係我哋住喺
04:46
that is 12,000 feet high.
69
274554
3482
一處海拔萬二呎高嘅地方
04:51
And,
70
279694
1175
仲有
04:54
the patients there need a special device
to solve their heart condition.
to solve their heart condition.
71
282284
5059
嗰度啲病人需要特別嘅儀器治療心臟病
04:59
The hole in altitude
patients is different,
patients is different,
72
287865
2463
呢啲居住喺海拔嘅病人嘅病情有啲唔同
05:02
because the orifice
between the arteries is larger.
between the arteries is larger.
73
290352
3670
因為佢哋動脈中間嗰窿大啲
05:06
Most patients cannot afford
to be treated on time,
to be treated on time,
74
294479
4902
好多病人無錢睇醫生，唔可以及時診治
最後就病死
05:11
and they die.
75
299405
1181
05:13
The first coil could successfully treat
76
301973
3619
首次發明嗰個儀器僅可以成功醫好咗
05:17
only half of the patients in Bolivia.
77
305616
4176
玻利維亞一半呢類嘅病人
05:23
The search started again.
78
311577
2401
於是研究又開始
05:26
We went back to the drawing board.
79
314942
3878
我哋又要從頭嚟過
05:31
After many trials,
80
319574
1433
經過好多次試驗
05:33
and with the help of my grandmother's
indigenous friends in the mountains,
indigenous friends in the mountains,
81
321031
5023
同埋得到嫲嫲山區土著嘅朋友幫助
05:38
we obtained a new device.
82
326078
2072
我哋造咗一件新儀器
05:40
For centuries, indigenous women
told stories by weaving complex patterns
told stories by weaving complex patterns
83
328753
5854
過去數百年嚟，土著婦女喺識布嗰陣
一邊織複雜嘅圖案，一邊講古仔
05:46
on looms,
84
334631
1165
05:48
and an unexpected skill
helped us for the new device.
helped us for the new device.
85
336262
4316
呢啲以前無諗過嘅技藝
竟然幫我哋製造新儀器
竟然幫我哋製造新儀器
05:53
We take this traditional method of weaving
86
341673
2810
我哋利用呢啲傳統嘅織布方法
05:56
and make a design made by a smart material
87
344507
3970
將一啲好有用嘅物料
06:00
that records shape.
88
348927
1849
做咗個會記録形狀嘅設計
06:03
It seems this time,
89
351236
2495
今次呢啲織布技巧
06:05
the weaving allows us
to create a seamless device
to create a seamless device
90
353755
4727
似乎可以畀我哋做一個完美啲儀器
06:10
that doesn't rust
91
358506
1773
佢唔會生銹
06:13
because it's made of only one piece.
92
361072
3514
因為佢係一件過做出嚟
06:17
It can change by itself
into very complex structures
into very complex structures
93
365427
4480
製造程序喺經過幾十年嘅硏發出嚟
06:21
by a procedure that took
decades to develop.
decades to develop.
94
369931
3941
呢種儀器可以自己變成好精密嘅結構
06:26
As you can see, the device enters the body
95
374903
2819
可以見到呢種儀器經過適當嘅渠道
06:29
through the natural channels.
96
377746
1562
進入人體
06:32
Doctors have only to close
the catheter through the hole.
the catheter through the hole.
97
380173
3290
醫生只要將進入心漏嘅導管關埋
06:36
Our device expands, places itself
98
384104
2844
我哋嘅儀器會擴大，然後喺穿窿嘅位
06:38
and closes the hole.
99
386972
1475
封咗個窿
06:42
We have this beautiful delivery system
100
390375
2916
我哋呢個精美嘅運輸系統
06:45
that is so simple to use
101
393315
2044
好容易使用
06:47
because it works by itself.
102
395383
2150
因為佢自動操作
06:50
No open surgery was necessary.
103
398422
4151
唔需要開心臟手術
06:55
(Applause)
104
403494
6254
（鼓掌聲）
07:04
As doctors, we fight with diseases
105
412006
2683
我哋做醫生嘅，要同疾病搏鬥
呢啲疾病需要長時間同精力先好番
07:06
that take a long time
and effort to heal -- if they do.
and effort to heal -- if they do.
106
414713
4058
07:11
This is the child from before,
107
419443
2633
呢嗰喺之前睇到嘅兒童
07:14
after the procedure.
108
422100
1656
經過嗰啲程序之後
07:15
As you can see --
109
423780
1619
你可以睇到…
07:17
(Applause)
110
425423
4560
（鼓掌聲）
07:22
As you can see,
once the device is in place,
once the device is in place,
111
430007
3099
可以見到一旦嗰個儀器去到穿窿嘅位置
07:25
the patient is 100 percent healed.
112
433130
2799
病人一定百分百好番
07:28
From start to finish,
113
436622
1429
由開始到完成
07:30
the whole procedure takes only 30 minutes.
114
438075
3966
成個程序只係需要半個鐘頭
07:35
That's very rewarding from the medical
and human point of view.
and human point of view.
115
443183
4571
從醫學同人類嘅角度嚟講都好有價值
07:40
We are so proud that some
of our former patients
of our former patients
116
448444
6543
我哋對以前嘅一啲病人感到好驕傲
07:47
are part of our team --
117
455011
2491
佢哋係我哋團隊嘅一員
07:50
a team, thanks to added close interaction
118
458643
3824
多得團隊同我哋參與研究嘅病人
07:54
with patients that work with us.
119
462491
2576
加強緊密嘅溝通
07:57
Together, we have only one idea:
120
465799
3280
總之，我哋只有一個信念：
08:01
the best solutions need to be simple.
121
469103
3316
最好的方法就係一定要簡單
08:05
We lost the fear
of creating something new.
of creating something new.
122
473530
3155
我哋與創造新嘢唔再驚
08:09
The path, it's not easy.
123
477523
2202
雖然路途艱難
08:12
Many obstacles arise all the time.
124
480191
3101
成日困難重重
08:15
But we receive strength from our patients.
125
483934
4013
但係我哋嘅病人都好支持我哋
08:19
Their resilience and courage
126
487971
3476
佢哋嘅適應能力同勇氣
08:24
inspire our creativity.
127
492233
2064
都激發我哋嘅創意
08:27
Our goal is to make sure
128
495311
2947
我哋嘅目標
08:30
that no child is left behind,
129
498282
3134
唔會放棄任何一個兒童
08:34
not because of cost or access.
130
502360
4159
因著經費或者就醫機會嘅問題
08:39
So we have to start a foundation
131
507367
2964
於是我哋成立一個基金
08:42
with a one-to-one model.
132
510355
2444
以一對一的模式
08:45
We will give one device for free
133
513831
2563
仲會免費提供一件儀器
08:49
to make sure that every child is treated.
134
517061
3627
等每個兒童都可以接受治療
08:53
We are in many countries now,
135
521600
2255
我哋現今已經推展到好多國家
08:56
but we need to be everywhere.
136
524482
3270
但我哋需要到世界嗰個角落
09:00
This whole thing began
137
528926
2981
呢件事就係
源自一個無可能實現嘅念頭
09:03
with one impossible idea
138
531931
2864
09:06
as will continue it, really:
139
534819
2895
而且佢會延續落去，真係㗎：
09:10
No child is left behind.
140
538698
4420
唔會放棄任何一個兒童
09:15
Muchas gracias.
141
543670
1804
多謝
09:17
(Applause)
142
545498
4891
（鼓掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Franz Freudenthal - Pediatric cardiologistWith his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects.
Why you should listen
In his quest to understand the complexities of congenital heart disease, Bolivian-German physician and inventor Franz Freudenthal creates and produces sophisticated devices aimed at improving the lives of patients, especially children that will carry this device inside their heart for the rest of their lives.
His most heralded invention, the Nit Occlud, closes a hole in the heart or arteries and restores basic heart functionality. Freudenthal works with top scientists and universities from Europe and North and South America; however, his heart is in Bolivia, where he works with a team of engineers and highly skilled laborers and dreams of healthy children.
Franz Freudenthal | Speaker | TED.com