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António Guterres: Refugees have the right to be protected
António Guterres: Os refuxiados teñen o dereito a seren protexidos
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O Alto Comisionado da ONU para os Refuxiados, António Guterres, pensa que podemos resolver a crise global dos refuxiados e ofrece convincentes razóns polas que o debemos intentar. En conversa con Bruno Giussani, do TED, Guterres discute as causas históricas da crise actual e describe o estado de ánimo dos países europeos que intentan protexer, acoller e reasentar centos de miles de familias desesperadas. Mensaxe global: Guterres pide un cambio multilateral cara á aceptación e ao respecto para desafiar grupos como os da propaganda anti-refuxiados e a máquina de recrutamento de ISIS.
António Guterres - Designate Secretary-General of the United Nations
António Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world. Full bio
António Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Bruno Giussani: Commissioner,
thank you for coming to TED.
thank you for coming to TED.
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Bruno Giussani: Comisionado,
grazas por vir ao TED.
grazas por vir ao TED.
00:15
António Guterres: Pleasure.
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António Guterres: Un pracer.
00:16
BG: Let's start with a figure.
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BG: Imos comezar cuns datos.
00:18
During 2015, almost one million refugees
and migrants arrived in Europe
and migrants arrived in Europe
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Durante 2015, case un millón de refuxiados
e migrantes chegaron a Europa
e migrantes chegaron a Europa
00:22
from many different countries,
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desde diferentes países,
00:23
of course, from Syria and Iraq,
but also from Afghanistan
but also from Afghanistan
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desde Siria e Iraq, claro,
pero tamén desde Afganistán
pero tamén desde Afganistán
00:26
and Bangladesh and Eritrea and elsewhere.
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e Bangladesh e Eritrea e doutros sitios.
00:28
And there have been reactions
of two different kinds:
of two different kinds:
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E houbo reaccións de dous tipos:
00:31
welcoming parties and border fences.
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festas de benvida e
muros fronteirizos.
muros fronteirizos.
00:35
But I want to look at it a little bit
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Pero eu quero prestarlle atención a isto
00:37
from the short-term
and the long-term perspective.
and the long-term perspective.
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desde un enfoque a curto e a longo prazo.
00:40
And the first question is very simple:
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E a primeira pregunta é moi sinxela:
00:43
Why has the movement of refugees
spiked so fast in the last six months?
spiked so fast in the last six months?
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Por que o movemento de refuxiados
aumentou tanto nos últimos seis meses?
aumentou tanto nos últimos seis meses?
00:48
AG: Well, I think, basically,
what triggered this huge increase
what triggered this huge increase
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AG: Penso, basicamente, que o que
provocou este enorme incremento
provocou este enorme incremento
00:51
was the Syrian refugee group.
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foi o grupo de refuxiados de Siria.
00:53
There has been an increased movement
into Europe from Africa, from Asia,
into Europe from Africa, from Asia,
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Houbo un movemento
cara a Europa de África, de Asia,
cara a Europa de África, de Asia,
00:58
but slowly growing, and all of a sudden
we had this massive increase
we had this massive increase
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pero medrando pouco a pouco e, de súpeto,
tivemos este incremento masivo
tivemos este incremento masivo
01:01
in the first months of this year.
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nos primeiros meses deste ano.
01:04
Why? I think there are three reasons,
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Por que? Penso que hai tres razóns,
01:06
two long-term ones and the trigger.
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dúas a longo prazo e o desencadeante.
01:08
The long-term ones,
in relation to Syrians,
in relation to Syrians,
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As de longo prazo, en relación cos sirios,
01:10
is that hope is less and less
clear for people.
clear for people.
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son, primeiro, que cada vez a xente
ten menos esperanza.
ten menos esperanza.
01:17
I mean, they look at their own country
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É dicir, eles miran o seu propio país
01:19
and they don't see much hope
to go back home,
to go back home,
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e non teñen moita esperanza
de volver á casa
de volver á casa
01:22
because there is no political solution,
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porque non hai solución política,
01:24
so there is no light
at the end of the tunnel.
at the end of the tunnel.
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non hai luz á fin do túnel.
01:27
Second, the living conditions
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Segundo, as condicións de vida
01:29
of the Syrians in the neighboring
countries have been deteriorating.
countries have been deteriorating.
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dos sirios nos países veciños
fóronse deteriorando.
fóronse deteriorando.
01:32
We just had research with the World Bank,
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Acabamos de facer
unha investigación co Banco Mundial
unha investigación co Banco Mundial
01:34
and 87 percent of the Syrians in Jordan
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e o 87 % dos sirios en Xordania
01:39
and 93 percent of the Syrians in Lebanon
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e o 93 % dos sirios no Líbano
01:41
live below the national poverty lines.
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viven por baixo
do limiar nacional de pobreza.
do limiar nacional de pobreza.
01:44
Only half of the children go to school,
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Só a metade dos nenos van á escola,
01:47
which means that people
are living very badly.
are living very badly.
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o que quere dicir que a xente
está vivindo moi mal.
está vivindo moi mal.
01:50
Not only are they refugees, out of home,
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Non só son refuxiados, fóra da súa casa,
01:52
not only have they suffered
what they have suffered,
what they have suffered,
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non só sufriron o que sufriron
01:55
but they are living in very,
very dramatic conditions.
very dramatic conditions.
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senón que están vivindo
en condicións moi, moi dramáticas.
en condicións moi, moi dramáticas.
01:57
And then the trigger
was when all of a sudden,
was when all of a sudden,
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E o desencadeante foi cando, de súpeto,
02:00
international aid decreased.
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a axuda internacional diminuíu.
O Programa Mundial de Alimentos
viuse obrigado, por falta de recursos,
viuse obrigado, por falta de recursos,
02:01
The World Food Programme was forced,
for lack of resources,
for lack of resources,
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02:04
to cut by 30 percent food support
to the Syrian refugees.
to the Syrian refugees.
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a cortar o 30 % do apoio alimentario
para os refuxiados sirios.
para os refuxiados sirios.
02:07
They're not allowed to work,
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Como non lles deixan traballar
02:09
so they are totally dependent
on international support,
on international support,
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dependen totalmente do apoio internacional
02:12
and they felt, "The world
is abandoning us."
is abandoning us."
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e eles sentiron
"O mundo estanos abandonando."
"O mundo estanos abandonando."
02:15
And that, in my opinion, was the trigger.
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E iso, na miña opinión,
foi o desencadeante.
foi o desencadeante.
02:17
All of a sudden, there was a rush,
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De repente, houbo présa
02:18
and people started to move
in large numbers
in large numbers
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e a xente comezou a moverse
en gran cantidade
en gran cantidade
02:20
and, to be absolutely honest,
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e, para ser totalmente sincero,
02:22
if I had been in the same situation
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se eu estivese na mesma situación
02:24
and I would have been brave
enough to do it,
enough to do it,
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e fose valente dabondo para facelo,
02:26
I think I would have done the same.
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penso que faría o mesmo.
02:28
BG: But I think what surprised
many people is it's not only sudden,
many people is it's not only sudden,
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BG: Pero penso que o que sorprendeu
a moita xente é non só que fose súbito
a moita xente é non só que fose súbito
02:32
but it wasn't supposed to be sudden.
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senón que se supoñía
que non debía ser súbito.
que non debía ser súbito.
02:35
The war in Syria has been
happening for five years.
happening for five years.
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A guerra en Siria duraba cinco anos.
02:37
Millions of refugees are in camps
and villages and towns around Syria.
and villages and towns around Syria.
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Millóns de refuxiados están en campos e
aldeas e cidades ao redor de Siria.
aldeas e cidades ao redor de Siria.
02:41
You have yourself warned
about the situation
about the situation
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Vostede mesmo alertou da situación
02:43
and about the consequences
of a breakdown of Libya, for example,
of a breakdown of Libya, for example,
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e das consecuencias
dun colapso en Libia, por exemplo,
dun colapso en Libia, por exemplo,
02:46
and yet Europe looked totally unprepared.
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e aínda así Europa parecía
totalmente desprevida.
totalmente desprevida.
02:50
AG: Well, unprepared because divided,
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AG: Ben, desprevida a causa da división
02:53
and when you are divided,
you don't want to recognize the reality.
you don't want to recognize the reality.
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e cando estás dividida
non queres recoñecer a realidade.
non queres recoñecer a realidade.
02:56
You prefer to postpone decisions,
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Prefires pospoñer as decisións
02:58
because you do not have
the capacity to make them.
the capacity to make them.
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porque non tes capacidade para tomalas.
03:00
And the proof is that even when
the spike occurred,
the spike occurred,
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E a proba é que,
incluso cando o o aumento ocorreu,
incluso cando o o aumento ocorreu,
03:04
Europe remained divided
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Europa permaneceu dividida
03:05
and was unable to put in place
a mechanism to manage the situation.
a mechanism to manage the situation.
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e foi incapaz de poñer en marcha
un mecanismo para xestionar a situación.
un mecanismo para xestionar a situación.
03:11
You talk about one million people.
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Fala de preto dun millón de persoas.
03:12
It looks enormous,
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Parece unha enormidade,
03:14
but the population of the European Union
is 550 million people,
is 550 million people,
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pero a poboación da Unión Europea é
de 550 millóns de persoas,
de 550 millóns de persoas,
03:19
which means we are talking about one
per every 2,000 Europeans.
per every 2,000 Europeans.
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o que significa que estamos falando
dun por cada 2000 europeos.
dun por cada 2000 europeos.
03:23
Now, in Lebanon, we have one refugee
per three Lebanese.
per three Lebanese.
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Agora, no Líbano, temos un refuxiado
por cada tres libaneses.
por cada tres libaneses.
03:27
And Lebanon? Struggling,
of course, but it's managing.
of course, but it's managing.
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E o Líbano? Loitando, por suposto,
pero estao xestionando.
pero estao xestionando.
03:31
So, the question is: is this something
that could have been managed
that could have been managed
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Así que a cuestión é: isto é algo
que podería ser xestionado
que podería ser xestionado
03:35
if -- not mentioning the most
important thing,
important thing,
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se --sen mencionar o máis importante,
03:39
which would have been
addressing the root causes,
addressing the root causes,
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que sería dirixírmonos
ás causas profundas,
ás causas profundas,
03:41
but forgetting about root causes for now,
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pero esquecendo as causas por agora,
03:43
looking at the phenomenon as it is --
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mirando o fenómeno como é--
03:45
if Europe were able to come
together in solidarity
together in solidarity
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se Europa fose quen de unirse
na solidariedade
na solidariedade
03:49
to create an adequate
reception capacity of entry points?
reception capacity of entry points?
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para crear unha adecuada capacidade
de recepción nos puntos de entrada?
de recepción nos puntos de entrada?
03:53
But for that, the countries at entry
points need to be massively supported,
points need to be massively supported,
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Pero, para iso, os países polos que entran
teñen que ter un enorme apoio
teñen que ter un enorme apoio
03:58
and then screening the people
with security checks
with security checks
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e despois a avaliación da xente
con comprobacións de seguridade
con comprobacións de seguridade
04:01
and all the other mechanisms,
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e todos os outros mecanismos,
04:02
distributing those that are coming
into all European countries,
into all European countries,
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distribuíndo os que están chegando
en todos os países de Europa
en todos os países de Europa
04:06
according to the possibilities
of each country.
of each country.
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de acordo coas posibilidades de cada país.
04:08
I mean, if you look at
the relocation program
the relocation program
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É dicir, se miras
o programa de recolocación
o programa de recolocación
04:10
that was approved by the Commission,
always too little too late,
always too little too late,
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que foi aprobado pola Comisión,
sempre moi pouco e moi tarde
sempre moi pouco e moi tarde
04:14
or by the Council, too little too late --
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ou polo Consello,
moi pequeno e moi tarde...
moi pequeno e moi tarde...
04:16
BG: It's already breaking down.
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BG: Xa está colapsando.
AG: O meu país suponse
que ten que recibir catro mil.
que ten que recibir catro mil.
04:17
AG: My country is supposed
to receive four thousand.
to receive four thousand.
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Catro mil en Portugal non significa nada.
04:20
Four thousand in Portugal means nothing.
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04:22
So this is perfectly manageable
if it is managed,
if it is managed,
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Así que é perfectamente manexable
se se manexa,
se se manexa,
04:25
but in the present circumstances,
the pressure is at the point of entry,
the pressure is at the point of entry,
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pero nas actuais circunstancias
a presión está no punto de entrada,
a presión está no punto de entrada,
04:29
and then, as people move
in this chaotic way through the Balkans,
in this chaotic way through the Balkans,
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e despois, cando a xente se move
no caótico camiño a través dos Balcáns,
no caótico camiño a través dos Balcáns,
04:32
then they come to Germany,
Sweden, basically, and Austria.
Sweden, basically, and Austria.
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van a Alemaña, Suecia,
basicamente, e Austria.
basicamente, e Austria.
04:36
They are the three countries that are,
in the end, receiving the refugees.
in the end, receiving the refugees.
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Son os tres países que están, ao final,
recibindo os refuxiados.
recibindo os refuxiados.
04:39
The rest of Europe is looking
without doing much.
without doing much.
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O resto de Europa está mirando
sen facer moito.
sen facer moito.
04:42
BG: Let me try to bring up
three questions,
three questions,
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BG: Déixeme traer aquí tres cuestións,
04:44
playing a bit devil's advocate.
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facendo de avogado do diaño.
04:46
I'll try to ask them, make them blunt.
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Intentarei preguntalas sen rodeos.
04:49
But I think the questions are very present
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Pero creo que son preguntas moi presentes
04:51
in the minds of many people
in Europe right now,
in Europe right now,
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na mente de moita xente
en Europa neste momento.
en Europa neste momento.
04:53
The first, of course, is about numbers.
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A primeira, claro,
ten que ver cos números.
ten que ver cos números.
04:55
You say 550 million versus one million
is not much, but realistically,
is not much, but realistically,
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Di que 550 millóns comparados cun millón,
non é moito, pero sendo realistas,
non é moito, pero sendo realistas,
05:00
how many people can Europe take?
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cantas persoas pode acoller Europa?
05:02
AG: Well, that is a question
that has no answer,
that has no answer,
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AG: Ben, esa é unha cuestión
que non ten resposta
que non ten resposta
05:05
because refugees have
the right to be protected.
the right to be protected.
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porque os refuxiados
teñen o dereito a seren protexidos.
teñen o dereito a seren protexidos.
05:09
And there is such a thing
as international law,
as international law,
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E hai unha cousa que é
o dereito internacional
o dereito internacional
05:13
so there is no way you can say,
"I take 10,000 and that's finished."
"I take 10,000 and that's finished."
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así que non hai maneira de poder dicir
"Eu collo 10.000 e acabouse."
"Eu collo 10.000 e acabouse."
05:17
I remind you of one thing:
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Lémbrolle unha cousa:
05:19
in Turkey, at the beginning of the crisis,
I remember one minister saying,
I remember one minister saying,
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en Turquía, ao comezo da crise,
lembro un ministro dicindo
lembro un ministro dicindo
05:23
"Turkey will be able to receive
up to 100,000 people."
up to 100,000 people."
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"Turquía poderá recibir máis de
100.000 persoas."
100.000 persoas."
05:26
Turkey has now two million
three-hundred thousand
three-hundred thousand
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Turquía ten agora
dous millóns trescentas mil
dous millóns trescentas mil
05:29
or something of the sort,
if you count all refugees.
if you count all refugees.
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ou algo así se se contan
todos os refuxiados.
todos os refuxiados.
05:32
So I don't think it's fair to say
how many we can take.
how many we can take.
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Así que non creo que sexa xusto dicir
cantas persoas podemos acoller.
cantas persoas podemos acoller.
05:36
What it is fair to say is:
how we can we organize ourselves
how we can we organize ourselves
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O que é xusto é dicir:
como podemos organizarnos
como podemos organizarnos
05:39
to assume our international
responsibilities?
responsibilities?
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para asumir as nosas
responsabilidades internacionais?
responsabilidades internacionais?
05:42
And Europe has not been able to do so,
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E Europa non foi capaz de facelo
05:45
because basically, Europe is divided
because there is no solidarity
because there is no solidarity
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porque, basicamente, Europa está dividida
porque non hai solidariedade
porque non hai solidariedade
05:48
in the European project.
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no proxecto europeo.
05:49
And it's not only about refugees;
there are many other areas.
there are many other areas.
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E non só ten que ver con refuxiados;
hai outras moitas áreas.
hai outras moitas áreas.
E sexamos honestos, este é o momento
no que necesitamos máis Europa
no que necesitamos máis Europa
05:53
And let's be honest, this is the moment
in which we need more Europe
in which we need more Europe
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05:56
instead of less Europe.
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en lugar de menos Europa.
05:58
But as the public less and less believes
in European institutions,
in European institutions,
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Pero como o público cre cada vez menos
nas institucións europeas
nas institucións europeas
06:02
it is also each time more difficult
to convince the public
to convince the public
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é tamén cada vez máis difícil
convencelo
convencelo
de que precisamos máis Europa
para resolver estes problemas.
para resolver estes problemas.
06:06
that we need more Europe
to solve these problems.
to solve these problems.
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BG: Parece que estamos no punto
06:08
BG: We seem to be at the point
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06:10
where the numbers turn into political
shifts, particularly domestically.
shifts, particularly domestically.
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en que os números levan a cambios
políticos, sobre todo nacionais.
políticos, sobre todo nacionais.
06:13
We saw it again this weekend in France,
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Vímolo esta fin de semana en Francia,
pero xa o vimos unha e outra vez
en moitos países:
en moitos países:
06:15
but we have seen it over
and over in many countries:
and over in many countries:
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06:17
in Poland and in Denmark
and in Switzerland and elsewhere,
and in Switzerland and elsewhere,
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en Polonia e en Dinamarca
e en Suíza e noutros lugares,
e en Suíza e noutros lugares,
06:20
where the mood changes radically
because of the numbers,
because of the numbers,
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onde o estado de ánimo cambia
radicalmente por causa dos números
radicalmente por causa dos números
06:24
although they are not very significant
in absolute numbers.
in absolute numbers.
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aínda que non son moi significativos
en valores absolutos.
en valores absolutos.
06:30
The Prime Minister of --
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O Primeiro Ministro de...
06:32
AG: But, if I may, on these:
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AG: Pero se se me permite, nisto:
06:34
I mean, what does a European see at home
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Quero dicir, que ve
un europeo na súa casa
un europeo na súa casa
06:37
in a village where there are no migrants?
134
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2596
nunha aldea onde non hai migrantes?
06:40
What a European sees is, on television,
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4628
O que ve un europeo, na televisión,
06:44
every single day, a few months ago,
opening the news every single day,
opening the news every single day,
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4400
cada día, desde hai meses,
abrindo os telexornais cada día,
abrindo os telexornais cada día,
06:49
a crowd coming, uncontrolled,
137
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2438
unha multitude que vén, descontrolada,
06:51
moving from border to border,
138
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1740
movéndose de fronteira a fronteira,
06:53
and the images on television
were of hundreds
were of hundreds
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2180
e as imaxes na televisión eran de centos
06:55
or thousands of people moving.
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1667
ou miles de persoas desprazándose.
06:57
And the idea is that nobody
is taking care of it --
is taking care of it --
141
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3180
E a idea é que ninguén
está tendo conta disto...
está tendo conta disto...
07:00
this is happening without any
kind of management.
kind of management.
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isto é o que ocorre
sen ningún tipo de xestión.
sen ningún tipo de xestión.
07:04
And so their idea was,
"They are coming to my village."
"They are coming to my village."
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E así a súa idea sería
"Van chegar á miña aldea."
"Van chegar á miña aldea."
07:06
So there was this completely false idea
that Europe was being invaded
that Europe was being invaded
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Así xurdiu esta idea completamente falsa
de que Europa estaba sendo invadida
de que Europa estaba sendo invadida
07:10
and our way of life is going to change,
and everything will --
and everything will --
145
418959
3761
e o noso estilo de vida
ía cambiar, e todo será...
ía cambiar, e todo será...
07:14
And the problem is that if this
had been properly managed,
had been properly managed,
146
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3865
E o problema é que se isto
se xestionase ben,
se xestionase ben,
07:18
if people had been properly received,
147
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1862
se a xente, de forma
axeitada, fose recibida,
axeitada, fose recibida,
07:20
welcomed, sheltered at point of entry,
screened at point of entry,
screened at point of entry,
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4715
benvida, acollida
e avaliada no punto de entrada,
e avaliada no punto de entrada,
07:25
and the moved by plane
to different European countries,
to different European countries,
149
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2689
e trasladada en avión
a diferentes países europeos
a diferentes países europeos
07:27
this would not have scared people.
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2158
isto non asustaría a poboación.
07:30
But, unfortunately, we have
a lot of people scared,
a lot of people scared,
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2643
Pero, por desgraza,
temos un montón de xente asustada
temos un montón de xente asustada
07:32
just because Europe was not able
to do the job properly.
to do the job properly.
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3023
só porque Europa non foi quen
de facer o traballo con xeito.
de facer o traballo con xeito.
07:35
BG: But there are villages in Germany
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443867
1992
BG: Pero hai aldeas en Alemaña
07:37
with 300 inhabitants and 1,000 refugees.
154
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3336
con 300 habitantes e 1000 refuxiados.
07:41
So, what's your position?
155
449243
1974
Así que, cal é a súa posición?
07:43
How do you imagine these people reacting?
156
451241
1967
Como imaxina a reacción destas persoas?
07:45
AG: If there would be a proper
management of the situation
management of the situation
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453232
2873
AG: Se houbese unha xestión adecuada
da situación
da situación
07:48
and the proper distribution
of people all over Europe,
of people all over Europe,
158
456129
3080
e unha distribución adecuada
da xente por toda Europa
da xente por toda Europa
07:51
you would always have
the percentage that I mentioned:
the percentage that I mentioned:
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459233
2976
teríamos sempre a porcentaxe
que xa mencionei:
que xa mencionei:
07:54
one per each 2,000.
160
462233
1802
un por cada 2000.
07:56
It is because things are not
properly managed
properly managed
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464059
2269
Como as cousas non se xestionaron ben
07:58
that in the end we have situations
162
466352
1760
acabamos tendo situacións
08:00
that are totally impossible to live with,
and of course if you have a village --
and of course if you have a village --
163
468136
6417
coas que é totalmente imposible vivir
e por suposto se Vde. ten unha aldea...
e por suposto se Vde. ten unha aldea...
08:06
in Lebanon, there are many villages
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474577
1677
no Líbano, hai moitas aldeas
08:08
that have more Syrians than Lebanese;
Lebanon has been living with that.
Lebanon has been living with that.
165
476278
3408
que teñen máis sirios que libaneses;
o Líbano está vivindo con iso.
o Líbano está vivindo con iso.
08:11
I'm not asking for the same
to happen in Europe,
to happen in Europe,
166
479710
2267
Non estou pedindo
que pase o mesmo en Europa,
que pase o mesmo en Europa,
08:14
for all European villages to have
more refugees than inhabitants.
more refugees than inhabitants.
167
482001
3187
que todas as aldeas europeas teñan
máis refuxiados que habitantes.
máis refuxiados que habitantes.
08:17
What I am asking is for Europe
to do the job properly,
to do the job properly,
168
485212
3055
O que pido é que Europa
faga ben o seu traballo
faga ben o seu traballo
08:20
and to be able to organize itself
to receive people
to receive people
169
488291
3421
e que sexa capaz de organizarse
para recibir xente
para recibir xente
08:23
as other countries in the world
were forced to do in the past.
were forced to do in the past.
170
491736
2928
como outros países no mundo
se viron obrigados a facelo antes.
se viron obrigados a facelo antes.
08:26
BG: So, if you look at the global
situation not only at Europe --
situation not only at Europe --
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494688
3064
BG: Así, se observamos a
situación global, non só Europa...
situación global, non só Europa...
(Aplauso)
08:29
(Applause)
172
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1289
BG: Si!
08:31
BG: Yes!
173
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1151
(Aplauso)
08:32
(Applause)
174
500264
4634
08:36
BG: If you look at the global situation,
so, not only at Europe,
so, not only at Europe,
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504922
3021
BG: Se observamos a situación
global, non só Europa,
global, non só Europa,
08:39
I know you can make
a long list of countries
a long list of countries
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507967
2104
eu sei que se pode facer
unha lista longa de países
unha lista longa de países
08:42
that are not really stepping up,
177
510095
3123
que realmente
non se están ofrecendo para axudar,
non se están ofrecendo para axudar,
08:45
but I'm more interested
in the other part --
in the other part --
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513242
2448
pero estou máis interesado
na outra parte...
na outra parte...
08:47
is there somebody
who's doing the right thing?
who's doing the right thing?
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515714
2190
hai alguén que estea facendo o correcto?
08:50
AG: Well, 86 percent
of the refugees in the world
of the refugees in the world
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2431
AG: Ben, o 86 % dos refuxiados no mundo
08:52
are in the developing world.
181
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2055
están nos países en desenvolvemento.
08:54
And if you look at
countries like Ethiopia --
countries like Ethiopia --
182
522936
3320
E se miramos os países como Etiopía...
08:58
Ethiopia has received
more than 600,000 refugees.
more than 600,000 refugees.
183
526280
3777
Etiopía recibiu máis
de 600.000 refuxiados.
de 600.000 refuxiados.
09:02
All the borders in Ethiopia are open.
184
530486
2016
Todas as súas fronteiras están abertas.
09:05
And they have, as a policy,
185
533304
1868
E teñen, como política,
09:07
they call the "people to people" policy
that every refugee should be received.
that every refugee should be received.
186
535196
4096
o que chaman a política de "pobo a pobo",
que cada refuxiado debería ser recibido.
que cada refuxiado debería ser recibido.
09:11
And they have South Sudanese,
187
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1579
E teñen xente de Sudán do Sur,
09:12
they have Sudanese, they have Somalis.
188
540919
2008
teñen sudaneses, somalís.
09:14
They have all the neighbors.
189
542951
1857
Teñen todos os veciños.
09:16
They have Eritreans.
190
544832
1764
Teñen eritreos.
09:18
And, in general,
191
546929
1295
E, en xeral,
09:20
African countries are extremely
welcoming of refugees coming,
welcoming of refugees coming,
192
548248
4180
os países africanos son
moi acolledores cos refuxiados,
moi acolledores cos refuxiados,
09:24
and I would say that in the Middle East
193
552452
2572
e eu diría o mesmo para o Oriente Medio
09:27
and in Asia, we have seen a tendency
for borders to be open.
for borders to be open.
194
555048
5193
e Asia, vimos unha tendencia
a abrir as fronteiras.
a abrir as fronteiras.
09:32
Now we see some problems
with the Syrian situation,
with the Syrian situation,
195
560265
3365
Agora vemos algúns problemas
coa situación siria
coa situación siria
09:35
as the Syrian situation evolved
into also a major security crisis,
into also a major security crisis,
196
563654
4257
ao evolucionar esta
cara a unha grave crise de seguridade,
cara a unha grave crise de seguridade,
pero é certo que, durante un longo período
09:39
but the truth is that for a large period,
197
567935
2093
todas as fronteiras en Oriente Medio
estaban abertas.
estaban abertas.
09:42
all borders in the Middle East were open.
198
570052
1992
09:44
The truth is that for Afghans,
199
572068
1452
Certo é que, para os afgáns,
09:45
the borders of Pakistan and Iran
were open for, at the time,
were open for, at the time,
200
573544
2833
as fronteiras de Paquistán e Irán
estaban abertas
estaban abertas
09:48
six million Afghans that came.
201
576401
1893
para os seis millóns de afgáns
que chegaron.
que chegaron.
09:50
So I would say that even today,
the trend in the developing world
the trend in the developing world
202
578318
3821
Así que eu diría que, mesmo hoxe,
a tendencia no mundo en desenvolvemento
a tendencia no mundo en desenvolvemento
09:54
has been for borders to be open.
203
582163
2326
foi a de abrir as fronteiras.
09:56
The trend in the developed world
is for these questions to become
is for these questions to become
204
584513
4412
A tendencia no mundo desenvolvido
é a de que estas cuestións se volvan
é a de que estas cuestións se volvan
10:00
more and more complex,
205
588949
2106
cada vez máis complexas,
10:03
especially when there is,
in the public opinion,
in the public opinion,
206
591079
2571
especialmente cando hai,
na opinión pública,
na opinión pública,
10:05
a mixture of discussions between refugee
protections on one side
protections on one side
207
593674
5083
unha mestura de discusións entre
a protección de refuxiados por unha banda
a protección de refuxiados por unha banda
10:10
and security questions -- in my opinion,
misinterpreted -- on the other side.
misinterpreted -- on the other side.
208
598781
3639
e as cuestións de seguridade --para min
mal interpretadas-- pola outra banda.
mal interpretadas-- pola outra banda.
10:14
BG: We'll come back to that too,
209
602444
1541
BG: Volveremos a iso,
10:16
but you mentioned the cutting
of funding and the vouchers
of funding and the vouchers
210
604009
2740
pero mencionou os recortes
no financiamento e nos vales
no financiamento e nos vales
10:18
from the World Food Programme.
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1460
do Programa Mundial de Alimentos.
10:20
That reflects the general underfunding
of the organizations
of the organizations
212
608257
2833
Iso amosa que en xeral as organizacións
que traballan nestes temas
que traballan nestes temas
10:23
working on these issues.
213
611114
2316
están infrafinanciadas.
10:26
Now that the world seems to have woken up,
214
614155
2555
Agora que o mundo
parece que espertou,
parece que espertou,
10:28
are you getting more funding
and more support,
and more support,
215
616734
2191
están conseguindo máis
orzamento e máis apoio
orzamento e máis apoio
10:30
or it's still the same?
216
618949
1413
ou é aínda o mesmo?
10:32
AG: We are getting more support.
217
620386
1799
AG: Estamos conseguindo máis apoio.
10:34
I would say that we are coming
close to the levels of last year.
close to the levels of last year.
218
622209
4433
Eu diría que estamos chegando
preto dos niveis do último ano.
preto dos niveis do último ano.
10:39
We were much worse during the summer.
219
627100
2349
Estivemos moito peor durante o verán.
10:41
But that is clearly insufficient
to address the needs of the people
to address the needs of the people
220
629799
3858
Pero é claramente insuficiente
para abordar as necesidades da xente
para abordar as necesidades da xente
10:45
and address the needs of the countries
221
633681
1890
e abordar as necesidades dos países
10:47
that are supporting the people.
222
635595
1499
que están apoiando a xente.
E aquí temos unha revisión básica
dos criterios, dos obxectivos,
dos criterios, dos obxectivos,
10:49
And here we have a basic review
of the criteria, the objectives,
of the criteria, the objectives,
223
637118
5926
10:55
the priorities of development
cooperation that is required.
cooperation that is required.
224
643068
2792
das prioridades da cooperación
para o desenvolvemento.
para o desenvolvemento.
10:57
For instance, Lebanon and Jordan
are middle-income countries.
are middle-income countries.
225
645884
3003
Por exemplo, o Líbano e Xordania
son países de renda media.
son países de renda media.
11:00
Because they are middle-income countries,
226
648911
1974
Como son países de renda media
non poden recibir créditos brandos
11:02
they cannot receive soft loans
or grants from the World Bank.
or grants from the World Bank.
227
650909
2911
ou axudas do Banco Mundial.
11:05
Now, today this doesn't make any sense,
228
653844
2199
Agora, isto non ten ningún sentido
11:08
because they are providing
a global public good.
a global public good.
229
656067
2329
porque están provendo
un ben público global.
un ben público global.
11:10
They have millions of refugees there,
230
658420
1810
Teñen millóns de refuxiados alí
11:12
and to be honest, they are pillars
of stability in the region,
of stability in the region,
231
660254
3490
e, para ser honesto, son piares
de estabilidade na rexión,
de estabilidade na rexión,
con todas as dificultades que afrontan,
11:15
with all the difficulties they face,
232
663768
1738
e a primeira liña de defensa
da nosa seguridade colectiva.
da nosa seguridade colectiva.
11:17
and the first line of defense
of our collective security.
of our collective security.
233
665530
2690
11:20
So it doesn't make sense
234
668244
1163
Así que non ten sentido
que eses países non sexan prioritarios
11:21
that these countries
are not a first priority
are not a first priority
235
669431
2143
nas políticas de cooperación
ao desenvolvemento.
ao desenvolvemento.
11:23
in development cooperation policies.
236
671598
1745
11:25
And they are not.
237
673367
1159
E non o son.
11:26
And not only do the refugees live
in very dramatic circumstances
in very dramatic circumstances
238
674550
3402
E non só os refuxiados viven
en circunstancias moi dramáticas
en circunstancias moi dramáticas
11:29
inside those countries,
239
677976
1230
nestes países
11:31
but the local communities
themselves are suffering,
themselves are suffering,
240
679230
2826
senón que as comunidades locais
tamén están sufrindo
tamén están sufrindo
11:34
because salaries went down,
241
682080
2256
porque os salarios baixaron,
porque hai máis desempregados,
11:37
because there are more unemployed,
242
685491
1647
11:39
because prices and rents went up.
243
687162
2400
porque os prezos e os alugamentos subiron.
11:42
And, of course, if you look
at today's situation
at today's situation
244
690238
3944
E, por suposto, se mira a situación actual
11:46
of the indicators in these countries,
245
694206
3098
dos indicadores nestes países.
11:49
it is clear that, especially
their poor groups of the population,
their poor groups of the population,
246
697328
5483
está claro que, especialmente
os grupos pobres de poboación,
os grupos pobres de poboación,
11:54
are living worse and worse
because of the crisis they are facing.
because of the crisis they are facing.
247
702835
3235
están vivindo cada vez peor
pola crise á que se enfrontan.
pola crise á que se enfrontan.
11:58
BG: Who should be providing this support?
248
706094
1984
BG: Quen debería estar dando
este apoio?
este apoio?
12:00
Country by country, international
organizations, the European Union?
organizations, the European Union?
249
708102
3321
País a país, organizacións internacionais,
a Unión Europea?
a Unión Europea?
12:03
Who should be coming up with this support?
250
711447
2048
Quen debería dar este apoio?
12:05
AG: We need to join all efforts.
251
713519
1545
AG: Debemos unir todos os esforzos.
12:07
It's clear that bilateral
cooperation is essential.
cooperation is essential.
252
715088
2545
Está claro que a cooperación bilateral
é esencial.
é esencial.
12:09
It's clear that multilateral
cooperation is essential.
cooperation is essential.
253
717657
2763
Que a cooperación multilateral é esencial.
12:12
It's clear that international financial
institutions should have flexibility
institutions should have flexibility
254
720444
3595
Que as institucións financeiras
internacionais deben ser flexibles
internacionais deben ser flexibles
12:16
in order to be able to invest
more massively
more massively
255
724063
2719
para poderen investir a grande escala
12:18
in support to these countries.
256
726806
1526
no apoio destes países.
12:20
We need to combine all the instruments
and to understand that today,
and to understand that today,
257
728356
3246
Necesitamos combinar todos os instrumentos
e entender que hoxe,
e entender que hoxe,
12:23
in protracted situations,
at a certain moment,
at a certain moment,
258
731626
2446
en situacións prolongadas,
en certos momentos,
en certos momentos,
12:26
that it doesn't make sense anymore
to make a distinction
to make a distinction
259
734096
2670
xa non ten sentido facer unha distinción
12:28
between humanitarian aid
and development aid
and development aid
260
736790
3649
entre axuda humanitaria
e axuda para o desenvolvemento
e axuda para o desenvolvemento
12:32
or development processes.
261
740463
2349
ou procesos de desenvolvemento.
12:34
Because you are talking
about children in school,
about children in school,
262
742836
3603
Porque estamos falando
de nenos na escola,
de nenos na escola,
12:38
you are talking about health,
263
746463
1409
estamos falando de saúde,
12:39
you are talking about infrastructure
that is overcrowded.
that is overcrowded.
264
747896
2832
estamos falando de infraestruturas
que están masificadas.
que están masificadas.
12:42
You are talking about things
that require a long-term perspective,
that require a long-term perspective,
265
750752
3569
Estamos falando de cousas
que requiren enfques a longo prazo,
que requiren enfques a longo prazo,
12:46
a development perspective
266
754345
1333
un enfoque de desenvolvemento
12:47
and not only an emergency
humanitarian aid perspective.
humanitarian aid perspective.
267
755702
3036
e non só un de axuda humanitaria
de emerxencia.
de emerxencia.
12:51
BG: I would like your comment on something
268
759147
2024
BG: Gustaríame que comentase algo
12:53
that was in newspapers this morning.
269
761195
1753
que apareceu nos xornais esta mañá.
12:54
It is a statement made
by the current front-runner
by the current front-runner
270
762972
5372
É unha declaración feita polo
actual candidato principal
actual candidato principal
13:00
for the Republican nomination
for US President, Donald Trump.
for US President, Donald Trump.
271
768368
3346
para a candidatura republicana
á presidencia de EE.UU., Donald Trump.
á presidencia de EE.UU., Donald Trump.
13:03
Yesterday, he said this.
272
771738
1366
Onte dixo isto:
13:05
(Laughter)
273
773128
1001
(Risos)
13:06
No, listen to this. It's interesting.
274
774153
1792
Non, escoiten isto. É interesante.
13:07
I quote: "I am calling for a total
and complete shutdown
and complete shutdown
275
775969
2870
Cito: "Apelo a unha total
e completa cancelación
e completa cancelación
13:10
of Muslims entering the US,
276
778863
1698
da entrada de musulmáns nos EE.UU.
13:12
until our country's representatives
can figure out what's going on."
can figure out what's going on."
277
780585
4316
ata que os representantes do noso país
poidan determinar que está pasando."
poidan determinar que está pasando."
13:17
How do you react to that?
278
785425
1359
Como reacciona a isto?
13:18
AG: Well, it's not only Donald Trump.
279
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AG: Ben, non é só Donald Trump.
13:20
We have seen several people
around the world
around the world
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Vimos moitas persoas ao redor do mundo
13:23
with political responsibility
saying, for instance,
saying, for instance,
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con responsabilidade política
dicindo, por exemplo,
dicindo, por exemplo,
13:25
that Muslims refugees
should not be received.
should not be received.
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que non se deberían recibir
refuxiados musulmáns.
refuxiados musulmáns.
13:28
And the reason why they say this
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E a razón pola que o din
13:31
is because they think
that by doing or saying this,
that by doing or saying this,
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é porque cren que ao dicir ou facer isto,
13:34
they are protecting
the security of their countries.
the security of their countries.
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están protexendo
a seguridade dos seus países.
a seguridade dos seus países.
13:37
Now, I've been in government.
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Eu estiven no goberno.
13:38
I am very keen on the need for governments
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Son moi partidario
da necesidade dos gobernos
da necesidade dos gobernos
13:41
to protect the security of their countries
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de protexer a seguridade
dos seus países
dos seus países
13:43
and their people.
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e da súa xente.
13:44
But if you say, like that,
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Pero se se di, algo así,
13:47
in the US or in any European country,
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nos EE.UU. ou en calquera país europeo,
13:50
"We are going to close our doors
to Muslim refugees,"
to Muslim refugees,"
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"Imos pecharlles as portas
aos refuxiados musulmáns"
aos refuxiados musulmáns"
13:54
what you are saying
is the best possible help
is the best possible help
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o que se está dicindo é
a mellor axuda posible
a mellor axuda posible
13:57
for the propaganda
of terrorist organizations.
of terrorist organizations.
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para a propaganda de
organizacións terroristas.
organizacións terroristas.
14:00
Because what you are saying --
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Porque o que se di...
14:01
(Applause)
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(Aplauso)
14:07
What you are saying will be heard
by all the Muslims in your own country,
by all the Muslims in your own country,
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O que se di será escoitado por todos
os musulmáns no noso propio país,
os musulmáns no noso propio país,
14:12
and it will pave the way
for the recruitment
for the recruitment
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e preparará o camiño
para o recrutamento
para o recrutamento
14:15
and the mechanisms that,
through technology,
through technology,
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e os mecanismos que,
a través da tecnoloxía,
a través da tecnoloxía,
14:17
Daesh and al-Nusra, al-Qaeda,
and all those other groups
and all those other groups
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Daesh e al-Nusra, al-Qaeda
e todos os outros grupos
e todos os outros grupos
14:21
are today penetrating in our societies.
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introducen nas nosas sociedades.
14:24
And it's just telling them,
"You are right, we are against you."
"You are right, we are against you."
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E estamos dicíndolles: "Tedes razón,
estamos na vosa contra."
estamos na vosa contra."
14:28
So obviously, this is creating
in societies that are all multiethnic,
in societies that are all multiethnic,
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Así que, obviamente, isto crea,
en sociedades que son multiétnicas,
en sociedades que son multiétnicas,
14:34
multi-religious, multicultural,
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multirrelixiosas, multiculturais,
14:36
this is creating a situation
in which, really,
in which, really,
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isto crea unha situación
na que, realmente,
na que, realmente,
14:39
it is much easier for the propaganda
of these terrorist organizations
of these terrorist organizations
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é moito máis fácil que a propaganda
destas organizacións terroristas
destas organizacións terroristas
14:43
to be effective in recruiting
people for terror acts
people for terror acts
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sexa eficaz ao recrutaren
persoas para actos de terror
persoas para actos de terror
14:48
within the countries where these kinds
of sentences are expressed.
of sentences are expressed.
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nos países onde se fan
este tipo de declaracións.
este tipo de declaracións.
14:52
BG: Have the recent attacks in Paris
and the reactions to them
and the reactions to them
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BG: Os recentes ataques en París
e as reaccións que provocaron,
e as reaccións que provocaron,
14:55
made your job more difficult?
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883255
1983
fixeron máis difícil o seu traballo?
14:57
AG: Undoubtedly.
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AG: Sen dúbida.
14:58
BG: In what sense?
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BG: En que sentido?
15:00
AG: In the sense that, I mean,
for many people the first reaction
for many people the first reaction
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AG: No sentido de que, para moita xente,
a primeira reacción
a primeira reacción
15:05
in relation to these kinds of terrorist
attacks is: close all borders --
attacks is: close all borders --
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en relación a estes ataques terroristas
é pechar todas as fronteiras,
é pechar todas as fronteiras,
15:08
not understanding that the terrorist
problem in Europe is largely homegrown.
problem in Europe is largely homegrown.
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4445
sen entender que o terrorismo
en Europa é totalmente autóctono.
en Europa é totalmente autóctono.
15:13
We have thousands and thousands
of European fighters in Syria and in Iraq,
of European fighters in Syria and in Iraq,
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Temos miles e miles de combatentes
europeos en Siria e en Iraq,
europeos en Siria e en Iraq,
15:18
so this is not something that you solve
by just not allowing Syrians to come in.
by just not allowing Syrians to come in.
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así que isto non se pode resolver
simplemente impedindo que o sirios veñan.
simplemente impedindo que o sirios veñan.
15:22
And I must say, I am convinced
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E teño que dicir, estou convencido,
15:24
that the passport that appeared,
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4172
de que o pasaporte que apareceu,
15:29
I believe, was put
by the person who has blown --
by the person who has blown --
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917172
3747
eu penso, foi posto
pola persoa que se detonou...
pola persoa que se detonou...
15:32
BG: -- himself up, yeah.
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1531
BG: A si mesmo, si.
15:34
AG: [I believe] it was on purpose,
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922498
1911
AG: (Eu penso) que foi á mantenta,
15:36
because part of the strategies
of Daesh is against refugees,
of Daesh is against refugees,
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3618
porque parte da estratexia de Daesh
é ir contra os refuxiados,
é ir contra os refuxiados,
15:40
because they see refugees as people
that should be with the caliphate
that should be with the caliphate
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3413
porque os ven como persoas
que deberían estar co califato
que deberían estar co califato
15:43
and are fleeing to the crusaders.
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e están fuxindo desas cruzadas.
15:45
And I think that is part of Daesh's
strategy to make Europe react,
strategy to make Europe react,
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4063
E eu penso que é parte da estratexia
de Daesh para facer que Europa reaccione,
de Daesh para facer que Europa reaccione,
15:50
closing its doors to Muslim refugees
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pechándolles as portas
aos refuxiados musulmáns
aos refuxiados musulmáns
15:52
and having an hostility
towards Muslims inside Europe,
towards Muslims inside Europe,
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3691
e mantendo unha hostilidade
cara aos musulmáns en Europa,
cara aos musulmáns en Europa,
15:56
exactly to facilitate Daesh's work.
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944205
3522
exactamente para facilitarlle
o traballo a Daesh.
o traballo a Daesh.
15:59
And my deep belief is that
it was not the refugee movement
it was not the refugee movement
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947751
4508
E creo profundamente
que non foi o movemento refuxiado
que non foi o movemento refuxiado
16:04
that triggered terrorism.
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1681
o que desencadeou o terrorismo.
16:05
I think, as I said,
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1160
Penso, como dixen,
16:07
essentially terrorism in Europe
is today a homegrown movement
is today a homegrown movement
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955172
3527
que, esencialmente, o terrorismo en Europa
é hoxe un movemento autóctono
é hoxe un movemento autóctono
16:10
in relation to the global situation
that we are facing,
that we are facing,
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958723
3295
en relación coa situación global
á que nos estamos enfrontando
á que nos estamos enfrontando
16:14
and what we need is exactly
to prove these groups wrong,
to prove these groups wrong,
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4420
e o que necesitamos é exactamente
probar que eses grupos se equivocan,
probar que eses grupos se equivocan,
16:18
by welcoming and integrating effectively
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3473
dándolles a benvida
e integrando eficazmente
e integrando eficazmente
16:21
those that are coming
from that part of the world.
from that part of the world.
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969983
2403
aos que están chegando
desa parte do mundo.
desa parte do mundo.
16:24
And another thing that I believe
is that to a large extent,
is that to a large extent,
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3016
E outra cousa que eu creo é que,
ata certo punto,
ata certo punto,
16:27
what we are today paying for in Europe
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2463
o que estamos pagando agora en Europa
16:29
is the failures of integration models
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é o fracaso de modelos de integración
16:32
that didn't work in the '60s,
in the '70s, in the '80s,
in the '70s, in the '80s,
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3141
que non funcionaron nos anos 60
nin nos 70 nin nos 80
nin nos 70 nin nos 80
16:35
in relation to big migration flows
that took place at that time
that took place at that time
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983296
2971
en relación cos grandes fluxos
migratorios daquel tempo
migratorios daquel tempo
16:38
and generated what is today
in many of the people, for instance,
in many of the people, for instance,
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e xeraron o que hoxe é,
para moitas persoas, por exemplo,
para moitas persoas, por exemplo,
16:42
of the second generation of communities,
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2743
das segundas xeracións das comunidades
16:44
a situation of feeling marginalized,
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4131
un sentimento de marxinalización,
16:49
having no jobs,
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1390
sen traballo,
16:50
having improper education,
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sen unha boa educación,
16:52
living in some of the neighborhoods
that are not adequately provided
that are not adequately provided
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1000003
5225
vivindo en barrios
que non están ben dotados
que non están ben dotados
16:57
by public infrastructure.
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2242
de infraestruturas públicas.
16:59
And this kind of uneasiness,
sometimes even anger,
sometimes even anger,
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4833
E este tipo de malestar,
ás veces, incluso de xenreira
ás veces, incluso de xenreira
17:04
that exists in this second generation
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que existe nesta segunda xeración
17:06
is largely due to the failure
of integration policies,
of integration policies,
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3023
débese, en boa parte, ao fracaso
das políticas de integración,
das políticas de integración,
17:09
to the failure of what should have been
a much stronger investment
a much stronger investment
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3881
ao fracaso do que debería ser
un investimento moito máis forte
un investimento moito máis forte
17:13
in creating the conditions for people
to live together and respect each other.
to live together and respect each other.
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4388
en crear as condicións para que as persoas
vivan xuntas e se respecten.
vivan xuntas e se respecten.
17:18
For me it is clear.
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1308
Para min, está claro.
17:19
(Applause)
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1027564
3241
(Aplausos)
17:22
For me it is clear that all societies
will be multiethnic, multicultural,
will be multiethnic, multicultural,
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1030829
3870
Teño claro que todas as sociedades
deben ser multiétnicas, multiculturais,
deben ser multiétnicas, multiculturais,
17:26
multi-religious in the future.
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1626
multirrelixiosas no futuro.
17:28
To try to avoid it is,
in my opinion, impossible.
in my opinion, impossible.
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Intentar evitar isto,
na miña opinión, é imposible.
na miña opinión, é imposible.
17:32
And for me it's a good thing
that they will be like that,
that they will be like that,
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E para min, é bo que sexa así,
17:35
but I also recognize that,
for that to work properly,
for that to work properly,
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3378
pero eu tamén recoñezo que,
para que funcione ben,
para que funcione ben,
17:38
you need a huge investment
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1956
cómpre un enorme investimento
17:40
in the social cohesion
of your own societies.
of your own societies.
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2436
na cohesión social das nosas sociedades.
17:43
And Europe, to a large extent,
failed in that investment
failed in that investment
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3674
E Europa, ata certo punto,
fracasou nese investimento
fracasou nese investimento
17:46
in the past few decades.
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3213
nas pasadas décadas.
17:50
BG: Question: You are stepping down
from your job at the end of the year,
from your job at the end of the year,
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3996
BG: Vai deixar o seu cargo
ao final do ano,
ao final do ano,
17:54
after 10 years.
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despois de dez anos.
17:55
If you look back at 2005,
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Se mira atrás ata o 2005,
17:57
when you entered that office
for the first time, what do you see?
for the first time, what do you see?
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1065159
3075
cando vostede entrou nese despacho
a primeira vez, que ve?
a primeira vez, que ve?
18:01
AG: Well, look:
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1855
AG: Ben, mire:
18:04
In 2005, we were helping
one million people go back home
one million people go back home
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5377
En 2005, estabamos axudando
un millón de persoas a volver á casa
un millón de persoas a volver á casa
18:09
in safety and dignity,
because conflicts had ended.
because conflicts had ended.
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con seguridade e dignidade,
porque os conflitos acabaran.
porque os conflitos acabaran.
18:13
Last year, we helped 124,000.
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O último ano, axudamos 124.000.
18:17
In 2005, we had about 38 million people
displaced by conflict in the world.
displaced by conflict in the world.
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5088
En 2005, tiñamos uns 38 millóns de persoas
desprazadas por conflitos no mundo.
desprazadas por conflitos no mundo.
18:22
Today, we have more than 60 million.
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1090771
2471
Hoxe, temos máis de 60 millóns.
18:26
At that time, we had had, recently,
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Nese momento, tiñamos, desde había pouco,
18:29
some conflicts that were solved.
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2679
algúns conflitos resoltos.
18:32
Now, we see a multiplication
of new conflicts
of new conflicts
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2307
Agora, vemos unha multiplicación
de novos conflitos
de novos conflitos
18:34
and the old conflicts never died:
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1841
e os vellos conflitos que nunca morreron:
18:36
Afghanistan, Somalia,
Democratic Republic of Congo.
Democratic Republic of Congo.
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3356
Afganistán, Somalia,
República Democrática do Congo.
República Democrática do Congo.
18:39
It is clear that the world today
is much more dangerous than it was.
is much more dangerous than it was.
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4056
Está claro que o mundo hoxe
é moito máis perigoso do que era.
é moito máis perigoso do que era.
18:44
It is clear that the capacity
of the international community
of the international community
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2844
Está claro que a capacidade
da comunidade internacional
da comunidade internacional
18:46
to prevent conflicts
and to timely solve them,
and to timely solve them,
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2876
para previr conflitos e resolvelos a tempo
18:49
is, unfortunately, much worse
than what it was 10 years ago.
than what it was 10 years ago.
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1117817
4154
é, por desgraza, moito peor
que hai dez anos.
que hai dez anos.
18:53
There are no clear
power relations in the world,
power relations in the world,
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1121995
2745
Non hai relacións de poder
claras no mundo,
claras no mundo,
18:56
no global governance mechanisms that work,
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2493
non hai mecanismos de goberno global
que funcionen,
que funcionen,
18:59
which means that we live in a situation
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1127281
2779
o que significa que vivimos
nunha situación
nunha situación
19:02
where impunity and unpredictability
tend to prevail, and that means
tend to prevail, and that means
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1130084
4926
onde a impunidade e a imprevisibilidade
tenden a prevalecer, e iso significa
tenden a prevalecer, e iso significa
19:07
that more and more people suffer,
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1135034
2415
que cada vez máis xente sofre,
19:09
namely those that are
displaced by conflicts.
displaced by conflicts.
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1137473
2393
especialmente os desprazados
polos conflitos.
polos conflitos.
19:11
BG: It's a tradition in American politics
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1139890
2006
BG: Hai unha tradición
na política americana
na política americana
19:13
that when a President leaves
the Oval Office for the last time,
the Oval Office for the last time,
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3630
de que cando un presidente
deixa o despacho oval por última vez,
deixa o despacho oval por última vez,
19:17
he leaves a handwritten note
on the desk for his successor
on the desk for his successor
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1145574
2777
deixa no escritorio unha nota manuscrita
para o seu sucesor
para o seu sucesor
19:20
that walks in a couple of hours later.
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1148375
2101
que entrará dúas horas despois.
19:22
If you had to write such a note
to your successor, Filippo Grandi,
to your successor, Filippo Grandi,
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1150500
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Se tivese que escribir unha
para o seu sucesor, Filippo Grandi,
para o seu sucesor, Filippo Grandi,
19:25
what would you write?
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1152
que escribiría?
19:26
AG: Well, I don't think
I would write any message.
I would write any message.
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1154885
3064
AG: Ben, non creo que escribise
ningunha mensaxe.
ningunha mensaxe.
19:29
You know, one of the terrible things
when one leaves an office
when one leaves an office
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1157973
2975
Sabes, unhas das cousas terribles
cando un deixa o despacho
cando un deixa o despacho
19:32
is to try to become the backseat driver,
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1160972
2730
é intentar converterse en condutor
desde o asento de atrás,
desde o asento de atrás,
19:35
always telling the new one what to do.
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2887
sempre dicíndolle ao novo
o que ten que facer.
o que ten que facer.
19:38
So that, I will not do.
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1166637
1516
Así que eu non o farei.
19:40
If I had to say something to him,
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1168177
1944
Se tivese que dicirlle algo,
19:42
it would be, "Be yourself,
and do your best."
and do your best."
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1170145
2277
sería: "Sé ti mesmo,
e faino o mellor que poidas."
e faino o mellor que poidas."
19:44
BG: Commissioner, thank you
for the job you do.
for the job you do.
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BG: Comisionado, grazas
polo traballo que fai.
polo traballo que fai.
19:47
Thank you for coming to TED.
405
1175023
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Grazas por vir ao TED.
19:48
(Applause)
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1176552
4342
(Aplauso)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
António Guterres - Designate Secretary-General of the United NationsAntónio Guterres is at the forefront of advocating for refugee rights around the world.
Why you should listen
A former Portuguese prime minister, António Guterres was elected by the UN General Assembly to become the 10th United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in June 2005. In October 2016 the United Nations Security Council announced he would be the next United Nations Secretary General, succeeding the retiring Ban Ki-moon.
As High Commissioner, he heads one of the world's foremost humanitarian organizations. UNHCR has twice won the Nobel Peace Prize. Its over 9,300 staff members work in 123 countries providing protection and assistance to nearly 55 million refugees, returnees, internally displaced people and stateless persons. Some 88 percent of UNHCR staff work in the field, often in difficult and dangerous duty stations.
Before joining UNHCR, Guterres spent more than 20 years in government and public service. He served as Portuguese prime minister from 1995 to 2002, during which time he was heavily involved in the international effort to resolve the crisis in East Timor. As president of the European Council in early 2000, he led the adoption of the so-called Lisbon Agenda and co-chaired the first European Union-Africa summit. He also founded the Portuguese Refugee Council in 1991 and was part of the Council of State of Portugal from 1991 to 2002.
From 1981 to 1983, Guterres was a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, as well as chairman of the Committee on Demography, Migration and Refugees. In addition, he has been active in Socialist International, a worldwide organization of social democratic political parties. He was the group's vice-president from 1992 to 1999 and president from 1999 until mid-2005.
Guterres was born on April 30, 1949, in Lisbon and educated at the Instituto Superior Técnico, where he remains a visiting professor. He is married and has two children.
António Guterres | Speaker | TED.com