TEDMED 2014
Rosie King: How autism freed me to be myself
Rosie King: Ako môžem vďaka autizmu byť sama sebou
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„Ľudia sa tak boja rôznorodosti, že sa snažia všetko zaradiť do malých škatuliek s konkrétnym označením,“ tvrdí 16-ročná Rosie King, ktorá je odvážna, výstredná a autistka. „Prečo sa každý tak snaží byť normálny? “ pýta sa a v energickej výpovedi o potenciáli ľudskej rozmanitosti vyzýva každé dieťa, rodiča, učiteľa a vôbec všetkých ľudí oslavovať jedinečnosť.
Rosie King - Storytelling activist
Rosie King challenges stereotypes of people with autism and contextualizes the issue by asking us, “Why be normal?” Full bio
Rosie King challenges stereotypes of people with autism and contextualizes the issue by asking us, “Why be normal?” Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I haven't told many people this,
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Pred mnohými to nepriznávam,
00:14
but in my head, I've got
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ale v mysli
00:16
thousands of secret worlds all going on
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mi naraz fungujú tisícky
00:18
all at the same time.
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rôznych tajných svetov.
00:21
I am also autistic.
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Navyše som autistka.
00:23
People tend to diagnose autism
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Ľudia často diagnostikujú autizmus
00:25
with really specific
check-box descriptions,
check-box descriptions,
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na základe konkrétneho popisu „symptómov“,
00:28
but in reality, it's a whole
variation as to what we're like.
variation as to what we're like.
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ale v skutočnosti je každý z nás
veľmi rozdielny.
veľmi rozdielny.
00:31
For instance, my little brother,
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Napríklad môj mladší brat
00:33
he's very severely autistic.
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ma ťažkú formu autizmu.
00:35
He's nonverbal. He can't talk at all.
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Vôbec nerozpráva,
00:37
But I love to talk.
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zato ja rozprávam veľmi rada.
00:40
People often associate autism
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Ľudia si často spájajú autizmus
00:43
with liking maths and
science and nothing else,
science and nothing else,
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s láskou k matematike a vede
a k ničomu inému,
a k ničomu inému,
00:46
but I know so many autistic people
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ale poznám mnoho ľudí,
00:47
who love being creative.
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ktorí sú autisti a zároveň sú kreatívni.
00:50
But that is a stereotype,
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Ide však o stereotyp
00:52
and the stereotypes of things
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a ako to už býva,
00:54
are often, if not always, wrong.
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tie často, ak nie vždy, nie sú pravdivé.
00:57
For instance, a lot of people
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Keď sa spomenie autizmus,
01:00
think autism and think
"Rain Man" immediately.
"Rain Man" immediately.
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veľa ľudí si hneď pomyslí
na film Rain Man.
na film Rain Man.
01:04
That's the common belief,
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Mnohí veria tomu,
01:06
that every single autistic
person is Dustin Hoffman,
person is Dustin Hoffman,
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že každý autista je Dustin Hoffman,
01:09
and that's not true.
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ale nie je to tak.
(smiech)
01:12
But that's not just with
autistic people, either.
autistic people, either.
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Ale to neplatí len pre ľudí s autizmom.
S rovnakým problémom sa stretávajú
aj ľudia z komunity LGBTQ,
aj ľudia z komunity LGBTQ,
01:15
I've seen it with LGBTQ people,
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01:17
with women, with POC people.
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ženy, ľudia s rôznou farbou pleti.
01:19
People are so afraid of variety
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Ľudia sa tak boja rôznorodosti,
01:22
that they try to fit everything
into a tiny little box
into a tiny little box
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že sa snažia všetko zaradiť
do malých škatuliek
do malých škatuliek
01:25
with really specific labels.
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s konkrétnym označením.
01:27
This is something that actually
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Raz sa mi v realite
01:29
happened to me in real life:
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stalo toto:
01:31
I googled "autistic people are ..."
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googlila som „autisti sú...“
01:34
and it comes up with suggestions
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a potom sa zobrazili návrhy,
01:36
as to what you're going to type.
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ktoré vyhľadávač vygeneruje, ako píšete.
01:38
I googled "autistic people are ..."
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Googlila som teda „autisti sú...“
01:40
and the top result was "demons."
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a prvá ponuka bola „démoni“.
01:43
That is the first thing that people think
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To je prvá vec, ktorá ľuďom napadne,
01:45
when they think autism.
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keď premýšľajú o autizme.
01:47
They know.
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Prišli na to.
01:49
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
01:56
One of the things I can do
because I'm autistic —
because I'm autistic —
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Vďaka autizmu
01:59
it's an ability rather than a disability —
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– a toto je skôr výhoda ako hendikep –
02:01
is I've got a very, very vivid imagination.
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mám veľmi živú predstavivosť.
02:05
Let me explain it to you a bit.
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Skúsim vám to priblížiť.
02:06
It's like I'm walking in two
worlds most of the time.
worlds most of the time.
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Je to akoby som súčasne žila
v dvoch svetoch.
v dvoch svetoch.
02:09
There's the real world,
the world that we all share,
the world that we all share,
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Prvý je reálny – v ktorom žijete aj vy –
02:11
and there's the world in my mind,
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a druhý je v mojej mysli
02:13
and the world in my mind
is often so much more real
is often so much more real
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a ten je často omnoho reálnejší
02:16
than the real world.
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ako skutočný svet.
02:19
Like, it's very easy for
me to let my mind loose
me to let my mind loose
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Je pre mňa oveľa jednoduchšie
popustiť uzdu mojej mysle,
popustiť uzdu mojej mysle,
02:22
because I don't try and fit
myself into a tiny little box.
myself into a tiny little box.
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lebo sa nesnažím zapadnúť
do jednej z tých malých škatuliek.
do jednej z tých malých škatuliek.
02:25
That's one of the best
things about being autistic.
things about being autistic.
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To je jedna z najväčších výhod autizmu.
02:27
You don't have the urge to do that.
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Necítite potrebu škatuľkovať sa.
02:29
You find what you want to do,
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Zistíte, čo chcete robiť,
02:32
you find a way to do it,
and you get on with it.
and you get on with it.
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nájdete spôsob, ako to urobiť,
a dáte sa do toho.
a dáte sa do toho.
02:35
If I was trying to fit myself into a box,
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Keby som sa snažila zaškatuľkovať,
02:37
I wouldn't be here, I
wouldn't have achieved
wouldn't have achieved
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nebola by som tu
a nedosiahla by som ani polovicu vecí,
a nedosiahla by som ani polovicu vecí,
02:39
half the things that I have now.
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ktoré som dosiahla.
02:41
There are problems, though.
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Nájde sa však aj veľa problémov.
02:43
There are problems with being autistic,
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Mnoho problémov sa spája s autizmom
02:45
and there are problems with
having too much imagination.
having too much imagination.
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a ďalšie aj
s príliš živou predstavivosťou.
s príliš živou predstavivosťou.
02:48
School can be a problem in general,
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Škola je problematická už sama osebe,
02:50
but having also to explain to a teacher
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ale keď musíte každý deň vysvetľovať
02:54
on a daily basis
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svojim učiteľom,
02:56
that their lesson is inexplicably dull
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že ich hodiny sú nesmierne nudné,
03:00
and you are secretly taking refuge
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a tak sa tajne skrývate
03:02
in a world inside your head in
which you are not in that lesson,
which you are not in that lesson,
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vo svete vo vašej mysli,
v ktorom na tejto hodine nie ste,
v ktorom na tejto hodine nie ste,
03:06
that adds to your list of problems.
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to je ďalší problém navyše.
03:10
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
03:12
Also, when my imagination takes hold,
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Navyše, keď ma opantá predstavivosť,
03:16
my body takes on a life of its own.
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moje telo si začne robiť, čo chce.
03:18
When something very exciting
happens in my inner world,
happens in my inner world,
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Keď sa v mojom vnútornom svete
deje čosi vzrušujúce,
deje čosi vzrušujúce,
03:21
I've just got to run.
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musím utekať.
03:22
I've got to rock backwards and forwards,
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Musím sa kolísať dopredu a dozadu,
03:24
or sometimes scream.
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niekedy aj kričať.
03:26
This gives me so much energy,
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Dobíja ma to toľkou energiou,
03:28
and I've got to have an
outlet for all that energy.
outlet for all that energy.
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že ju musím nejako vypustiť.
03:31
But I've done that ever
since I was a child,
since I was a child,
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Robím to tak už od detstva,
03:33
ever since I was a tiny little girl.
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odkedy som bola malá.
03:35
And my parents thought it was
cute, so they didn't bring it up,
cute, so they didn't bring it up,
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A rodičia si mysleli, že je to milé,
takže to neriešili,
takže to neriešili,
ale keď som začala chodiť do školy,
03:38
but when I got into school,
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03:39
they didn't really agree that it was cute.
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ľudia nesúhlasili s tým, že je to milé.
03:42
It can be that people
don't want to be friends
don't want to be friends
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A veľa ľudí sa nechce kamarátiť
03:44
with the girl that starts
screaming in an algebra lesson.
screaming in an algebra lesson.
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s dievčaťom, ktoré na hodine
matiky len tak začne kričať.
matiky len tak začne kričať.
03:47
And this doesn't normally
happen in this day and age,
happen in this day and age,
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V súčasnosti sa to často nedeje,
03:51
but it can be that people don't want
to be friends with the autistic girl.
to be friends with the autistic girl.
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ale môže byť, že ľudia sa nechcú kamarátiť
s dievčaťom, ktoré má autizmus.
s dievčaťom, ktoré má autizmus.
03:55
It can be that people
don't want to associate
don't want to associate
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Možno nechcú, aby ich spájali
03:58
with anyone who won't
or can't fit themselves
or can't fit themselves
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s niekým, kto sa nechce alebo nemôže
04:01
into a box that's labeled normal.
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zmestiť do škatuľky
s označením „normálna“.
s označením „normálna“.
04:04
But that's fine with me,
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Ale mne to nevadí,
04:06
because it sorts the wheat from the chaff,
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lebo sa tým oddelí kúkoľ od pšenice
04:08
and I can find which people
are genuine and true
are genuine and true
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a pomôže mi to nájsť ľudí,
ktorí sa nepretvarujú,
ktorí sa nepretvarujú,
04:11
and I can pick these people as my friends.
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a tých si môžem vybrať za priateľov.
04:13
But if you think about it, what is normal?
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Ale keď sa nad tým zamyslíte –
čo je normálne?
čo je normálne?
04:17
What does it mean?
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Čo to znamená?
04:19
Imagine if that was the best
compliment you ever received.
compliment you ever received.
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Predstavte si, že by to bol
najlepší kompliment, aký ste dostali.
najlepší kompliment, aký ste dostali.
04:21
"Wow, you are really normal."
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„Vau, si fakt normálna!“
04:24
(Laughter)
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(smiech)
04:25
But compliments are,
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Komplimenty však sú
04:29
"you are extraordinary"
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„si neobyčajná“
04:30
or "you step outside the box."
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alebo „si iná ako ostatní“.
04:32
It's "you're amazing."
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„Si úžasná.“
04:33
So if people want to be these things,
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Takže ak práve toto chceme dosiahnuť,
04:35
why are so many people
striving to be normal?
striving to be normal?
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prečo sa toľkí z nás snažia
byť normálnymi?
byť normálnymi?
04:38
Why are people pouring their
brilliant individual light into a mold?
brilliant individual light into a mold?
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Prečo ľudia lejú svoje úžasné
individuálne svetlo do formy?
individuálne svetlo do formy?
04:43
People are so afraid of variety
that they try and force everyone,
that they try and force everyone,
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Ľudia sa tak boja rôznorodosti,
že sa snažia donútiť každého,
že sa snažia donútiť každého,
04:48
even people who don't want
to or can't, to become normal.
to or can't, to become normal.
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aj tých, ktorí nechcú alebo nemôžu,
aby bol normálny.
aby bol normálny.
04:51
There are camps for LGBTQ people
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Existujú tábory pre ľudí z komunity LGBTQ
04:54
or autistic people to try and
make them this "normal,"
make them this "normal,"
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a ľudí s autizmom, na ktorých sa ich
snažia zmeniť na „normálnych“
snažia zmeniť na „normálnych“
04:58
and that's terrifying that people
would do that in this day and age.
would do that in this day and age.
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a je desivé, že v dnešnej dobe
sa ľudia o čosi také snažia.
sa ľudia o čosi také snažia.
05:02
All in all, I wouldn't trade my autism
and my imagination for the world.
and my imagination for the world.
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Ja by som svoj autizmus a predstavivosť
nemenila za nič na svete.
nemenila za nič na svete.
05:07
Because I am autistic,
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Vďaka autizmu
05:09
I've presented documentaries to the BBC,
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som uvádzala dokumenty na BBC,
05:12
I'm in the midst of writing a book,
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píšem knihu,
05:14
I'm doing this — this is fantastic —
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stojím tu pred vami – a je to úžasné –
05:16
and one of the best
things that I've achieved,
things that I've achieved,
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a jeden z najväčších mojich úspechov,
05:19
that I consider to have achieved,
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aspoň ja to považujem za úspech,
05:22
is I've found ways of communicating
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je, že som našla spôsob, ako komunikovať
05:24
with my little brother and sister,
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s mladším bratom a sestrou.
05:26
who as I've said are nonverbal.
They can't speak.
They can't speak.
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Ani jeden z nich totiž nerozpráva.
05:29
And people would often write
off someone who's nonverbal,
off someone who's nonverbal,
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Takýchto ľudí často odsudzujú,
05:32
but that's silly, because
my little brother and sister
my little brother and sister
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ale je to hlúpe, lebo môj brat a sestra
05:35
are the best siblings that
you could ever hope for.
you could ever hope for.
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sú najlepšími súrodencami,
akých by som si mohla priať.
akých by som si mohla priať.
05:37
They're just the best,
and I love them so much
and I love them so much
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Sú fantastickí a veľmi ich ľúbim
05:40
and I care about them
more than anything else.
more than anything else.
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a záleží mi na nich viac než na čomkoľvek.
05:43
I'm going to leave you with one question:
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Skončím jednou otázkou:
05:46
If we can't get inside the person's minds,
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Ak sa nevieme niekomu dostať do hlavy,
05:49
no matter if they're autistic or not,
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či už je autista, alebo nie,
čo keby sme namiesto trestania všetkého,
čo prekračuje rámec normálnosti,
čo prekračuje rámec normálnosti,
05:51
instead of punishing anything
that strays from normal,
that strays from normal,
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05:54
why not celebrate uniqueness
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oslavovali jedinečnosť
05:56
and cheer every time someone
unleashes their imagination?
unleashes their imagination?
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a tešili sa vždy, keď niekto
popustí uzdu svojej fantázii?
popustí uzdu svojej fantázii?
06:00
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
06:02
(Applause)
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(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rosie King - Storytelling activistRosie King challenges stereotypes of people with autism and contextualizes the issue by asking us, “Why be normal?”
Why you should listen
When she was nine years old, doctors confirmed Rosie King’s self-diagnosis of Asperger’s Syndrome. With two younger siblings severely affected by autism, Rosie had a burning desire to help make the world a more tolerant place for people with autism ever since she was a young girl. She found the opportunity to do so when her family was invited to do a local news segment on her mother’s children’s books, which featured Rosie’s illustrations. Her lack of inhibition made her a natural presenter, and she was asked to host BBC Newsround’s special program “My Autism and Me,” bringing her a much wider audience and an Emmy Kid’s Award. Rosie continues to raise awareness about autism, and is working towards her goal of becoming a professional actress and storyteller.
More profile about the speakerRosie King | Speaker | TED.com