TEDWomen 2010
Amber Case: We are all cyborgs now
Amber Case: Dandanes smo vsi kiborgi
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Tehnologija nas razvija, pravi Amber Case, in postajamo nova različica homo sapiensa, ki strmi v ekran in pritiska na gumbe. Zanašamo se na "zunanje možgane" (mobilni telefoni in računalniki) za komunikacijo, pomnjenje in vodenje sekundarnih življenj. Toda ali nas bodo te naprave na koncu povezale ali si nas bodo podjarmile? Case nam ponuja presenetljiv vpogled v naš 'kiborški' jaz.
Amber Case - Cyborg Anthropologist
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Amber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I would like to tell you all
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Rada bi vsem povedala,
00:17
that you are all actually cyborgs,
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da ste vsi pravzaprav kiborgi,
00:21
but not the cyborgs that you think.
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a ne takšni kiborgi, kot si jih zamišljate.
00:23
You're not RoboCop, and you're not Terminator,
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Niste RoboCop, niste Terminator,
00:26
but you're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen
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a kiborg postanete vsakič, ko pogledate na računalniški zaslon
00:28
or use one of your cell phone devices.
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ali uporabite svoj mobilni telefon.
00:31
So what's a good definition for cyborg?
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Kaj je torej dobra definicija za kiborga?
00:33
Well, traditional definition is "an organism
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No, tradicionalna definicija pomeni organizem,
00:35
to which exogenous components have been added
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"kateremu so bile dodane zunanje komponente
00:37
for the purpose of adapting to new environments."
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z namenom prilagajanja novim okoljem".
00:39
That came from a 1960 paper on space travel,
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To izvira iz besedila o potovanju v vesolje iz leta 1960.
00:42
because, if you think about it, space is pretty awkward.
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Ker, če pomislite, vesolje je precej neprijetno
00:44
People aren't supposed to be there.
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in neprimerno za bivanje ljudi.
00:46
But humans are curious, and they like to add things to their bodies
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A ljudje so radovedni in svojim telesom radi dodajajo različne stvari,
00:49
so they can go to the Alps one day
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da se lahko en dan odpravijo v Alpe,
00:51
and then become a fish in the sea the next.
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potem pa postanejo riba v morju.
00:53
So let's look at the concept of traditional anthropology.
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Poglejmo torej koncept tradicionalne antropologije.
00:56
Somebody goes to another country,
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Nekdo gre v drugo državo,
00:58
says, "How fascinating these people are, how interesting their tools are,
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reče: "Kako privlačni so ti ljudje, kako zanimiva orodja uporabljajo,
01:01
how curious their culture is."
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kako nenavadna je njihova kultura".
01:03
And then they write a paper, and maybe a few other anthropologists read it,
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In potem napišejo znanstveno razpravo, ki jo morda prebere nekaj antropologov
01:06
and we think it's very exotic.
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in vse to se nam zdi zelo eksotično.
01:08
Well, what's happening
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Kar se dogaja je to,
01:11
is that we've suddenly found a new species.
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da smo nenadoma odkrili novo vrsto.
01:14
I, as a cyborg anthropologist, have suddenly said,
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Jaz, kot antropologinja kiborgov, sem nenadoma rekla:
01:16
"Oh, wow. Now suddenly we're a new form of Homo sapiens,
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"O, vau. Zdaj imamo naenkrat novo vrsto homo sapiensa.
01:19
and look at these fascinating cultures,
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In poglej te zanimive kulture.
01:21
and look at these curious rituals
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In poglej te nenavadne rituale,
01:23
that everybody's doing around this technology.
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ki jih vsi izvajajo okrog teh tehnologij.
01:25
They're clicking on things and staring at screens."
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Klikajo na stvari in stmijo v zaslone".
01:28
Now there's a reason why I study this,
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Obstaja razlog, zakaj študiram to,
01:30
versus traditional anthropology.
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namesto tradicionalne antropologije.
01:32
And the reason is that tool use,
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Razlog za to je ta, da je bila uporaba orodja
01:34
in the beginning -- for thousands and thousands of years,
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na začetku, tisoče in tisoče let,
01:37
everything has been a physical modification of self.
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vse je bilo fizična sprememba samega sebe.
01:40
It has helped us to extend our physical selves,
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Pomagala nam je razširiti naš fizični jaz --
01:42
go faster, hit things harder,
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premikati se hitreje, udarjati močneje --
01:44
and there's been a limit on that.
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in vse to je imelo svoje meje.
01:46
But now what we're looking at is not an extension of the physical self,
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A zdaj to, kar opazujemo, ni razširitev fizičnega jaza,
01:49
but an extension of the mental self,
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temveč razširitev umskega jaza.
01:51
and because of that, we're able to travel faster,
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In zaradi tega lahko potujemo hitreje,
01:53
communicate differently.
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komuniciramo drugače.
01:55
And the other thing that happens
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In druga stvar, ki se zgodi,
01:57
is that we're all carrying around little Mary Poppins technology.
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ko nosimo s sabo tehnologijo, ki spominja na malo Mary Poppins.
02:00
We can put anything we want into it, and it doesn't get heavier,
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Vanjo lahko spravimo karkoli, pa ne postane težja
02:03
and then we can take anything out.
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in kasneje lahko vse vzamemo ven.
02:05
What does the inside of your computer actually look like?
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Kako dejansko izgleda notranjost vašega računalnika?
02:07
Well, if you print it out, it looks like a thousand pounds of material
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No, če bi jo natisnili, bi izgledala kot pol tone težek kup materiala,
02:10
that you're carrying around all the time.
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ki ga nosite s sabo ves čas.
02:12
And if you actually lose that information,
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In če dejansko izgubite te informacije,
02:15
it means that you suddenly have this loss in your mind,
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to pomeni, da ste nenadoma izgubili del uma,
02:18
that you suddenly feel like something's missing,
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čutite, da naenkrat nekaj manjka,
02:21
except you aren't able to see it, so it feels like a very strange emotion.
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le da tega ne morete videti, zato je občutek zelo nenavaden.
02:24
The other thing that happens is that you have a second self.
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Druga stvar, ki se zgodi, je, da imate drugi jaz.
02:27
Whether you like it or not, you're starting to show up online,
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Naj vam bo to všeč ali ne, začenjate se pojavljati na interneti
02:29
and people are interacting with your second self
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in ljudje so v interakciji z vašim drugim jazom,
02:31
when you're not there.
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tudi ko vas ni tam.
02:33
And so you have to be careful
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In zato morate biti previdni,
02:35
about leaving your front lawn open,
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da svoje prve linije ne pustite preveč odprte,
02:37
which is basically your Facebook wall,
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in to je praktično vaš Facebook zid,
02:39
so that people don't write on it in the middle of the night --
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da ljudje ne pišejo po njem sredi noči --
02:41
because it's very much the equivalent.
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kar je skoraj enako.
02:43
And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.
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In nenadoma moramo začeti vzdrževati ta drugi jaz.
02:46
You have to present yourself in digital life
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V digitalnem svetu se moraš predstaviti
02:48
in a similar way that you would in your analog life.
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podobno, kot bi se v 'analognem' življenju.
02:51
So, in the same way that you wake up, take a shower and get dressed,
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Torej na enak način, kot se zbudiš, stuširaš in oblečeš,
02:54
you have to learn to do that for your digital self.
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se moraš naučiti enako storiti z digitalnim jazom.
02:56
And the problem is that a lot of people now,
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In problem mnogih ljudi v tem trenutku,
02:58
especially adolescents,
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posebno mladoletnikov,
03:00
have to go through two adolescences.
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je v tem, da morajo preživeti dve puberteti.
03:02
They have to go through their primary one, that's already awkward,
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Morajo se prebiti čez prvo, ki je že tako čudno obdobje,
03:05
and then they go through their second self's adolescence,
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ko pa se prebijajo skozi odraščanje drugega jaza,
03:07
and that's even more awkward
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je vse skupaj še bolj čudno,
03:09
because there's an actual history
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saj obstaja dejansko zgodovina
03:12
of what they've gone through online.
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tega, kar doživljajo na internetu.
03:14
And anybody coming in new to technology
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In vsak, ki prihaja v stik z novo tehnologijo,
03:16
is an adolescent online right now,
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je trenutno v puberteti.
03:18
and so it's very awkward,
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In tako je zanje zelo čudno
03:20
and it's very difficult for them to do those things.
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in težko početi te stvari.
03:23
So when I was little, my dad would sit me down at night and he would say,
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Ko sem bila majhna, mi je oče ob večernih pogovorih rekel:
03:25
"I'm going to teach you about time and space in the future."
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"Naučil te bom o času in prostoru v prihodnosti".
03:27
And I said, "Great."
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In rekla sem: "Super".
03:29
And he said one day, "What's the shortest distance between two points?"
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In nekega dne je rekel: "Kaj je najkrajša razdalja med dvema točkama?"
03:31
And I said, "Well, that's a straight line. You told me that yesterday."
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Rekla sem: "No, to je ravna črta. To si mi povedal včeraj.
03:34
I thought I was very clever.
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Mislila sem, da sem zelo pametna".
03:36
He said, "No, no, no. Here's a better way."
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Rekel je: "Ne, ne, ne. Tu je boljši način".
03:39
He took a piece of paper,
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Vzel je kos papirja,
03:41
drew A and B on one side and the other
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narisal A in B na eno in drugo stran,
03:43
and folded them together so where A and B touched.
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nato pa je papir prepognil tako, da sta se A in B stikala.
03:46
And he said, "That is the shortest distance between two points."
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Rekel je: "To je najkrajša razdalja med dvema točkama".
03:49
And I said, "Dad, dad, dad, how do you do that?"
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In jaz sem rekla: "Ati, ati, kako narediš to?"
03:51
He said, "Well, you just bend time and space,
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Rekel je: "No, samo prepogneš čas in prostor,
03:53
it takes an awful lot of energy,
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kar zahteva veliko energije
03:55
and that's just how you do it."
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in tako preprosto to narediš".
03:57
And I said, "I want to do that."
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Rekla sem: "To hočem narediti".
03:59
And he said, "Well, okay."
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In on je rekel: "No, dobro".
04:01
And so, when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years,
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In tako sem, ko sem naslednjih 10 ali 20 let hodila spat,
04:04
I was thinking at night,
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ponoči razmišljala:
04:06
"I want to be the first person to create a wormhole,
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"Hočem biti prva, ki ustvari črvino,
04:08
to make things accelerate faster.
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ki bo stvari pospeševala hitreje.
04:10
And I want to make a time machine."
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In hočem ustvariti časovni stroj".
04:12
I was always sending messages to my future self
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Vedno sem pošiljala sporočila sama sebi v prihodnost
04:14
using tape recorders.
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s pomočjo kasetnih snemalnikov.
04:19
But then what I realized when I went to college
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A ko sem začela študirati, sem spoznala,
04:21
is that technology doesn't just get adopted
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da tehnologija ni tako sprejeta zato,
04:23
because it works.
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ker deluje;
04:25
It gets adopted because people use it
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sprejeta je zato, ker jo ljudje uporabljajo
04:27
and it's made for humans.
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in ker je narejena za ljudi.
04:29
So I started studying anthropology.
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Tako sem začela študirati antropologijo.
04:31
And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones,
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Ko sem pisala doktorat na temo mobilnih telefonov,
04:33
I realized that everyone was carrying around wormholes in their pockets.
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sem spoznala, da vsi nosijo okrog črvine v svojih žepih.
04:36
They weren't physically transporting themselves;
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Niso se sami fizično tansportirali,
04:38
they were mentally transporting themselves.
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so se pa transportirali mentalno.
04:40
They would click on a button,
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Če so kliknili na gumb,
04:42
and they would be connected as A to B immediately.
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so se nemudoma povezali od A do B.
04:45
And I thought, "Oh, wow. I found it. This is great."
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Pomislila sem: "O, vau. Odkrila sem nekaj. To je odlično".
04:47
So over time, time and space
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Zaradi tega sta se čas in prostor
04:49
have compressed because of this.
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tekom časa stisnila.
04:51
You can stand on one side of the world,
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Lahko stojiš na eni strani sveta,
04:53
whisper something and be heard on the other.
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zašepetaš nekaj, kar je mogoče slišati na drugi strani sveta.
04:55
One of the other ideas that comes around
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Ena od drugih idej, ki se pojavijo,
04:57
is that you have a different type of time on every single device that you use.
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je ta, da imaš različno vrsto časa na vsaki napravi, ki jo uporabljaš.
05:00
Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.
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Vsak posamezen brskalnik ti da občutek drugačnega časa.
05:03
And because of that, you start to dig around
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In zaradi tega začneš iskati
05:05
for your external memories -- where did you leave them?
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svoje zunanje spomine -- kje si jih pustil?
05:07
So now we're all these paleontologists
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Tako smo zdaj vsi paleontologi,
05:09
that are digging for things that we've lost
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ki iščemo stvari, ki smo jih izgubili
05:11
on our external brains that we're carrying around in our pockets.
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iz naših zunanjih možganov, ki jih nosimo v žepih.
05:14
And that incites a sort of panic architecture --
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Vse to ustvarja nekakšno arhitekturo panike.
05:16
"Oh no, where's this thing?"
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O ne, kje je ta reč?
05:18
We're all "I Love Lucy" on a great assembly line of information,
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Vsi smo 'I Love Lucy' (ameriška nanizanka, op. p.) na tekočem
05:21
and we can't keep up.
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traku informacij in ne moremo zdržati tempa.
05:24
And so what happens is,
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Kar se zgodi je to,
05:26
when we bring all that into the social space,
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da ko prenesemo vse to v družbeno okolje,
05:28
we end up checking our phones all the time.
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končamo tako, da neprestano preverjamo naše telefone.
05:30
So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.
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Imamo to reč, ki ji pravimo ambientna intimnost.
05:32
It's not that we're always connected to everybody,
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Ne gre za to, da smo vedno povezano z vsemi,
05:34
but at anytime we can connect to anyone we want.
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a kadar koli lahko kontaktiramo kogar koli želimo.
05:37
And if you were able to print out everybody in your cell phone,
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In če bi lahko natisnili vse ljudi, ki so v vašem telefonu,
05:39
the room would be very crowded.
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bi bila v sobi huda gneča.
05:41
These are the people that you have access to right now, in general --
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To so vsi ljudje, do katerih imate dostop v tem trenutku, v glavnem --
05:44
all of these people, all of your friends and family that you can connect to.
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vsi ti ljudje, vsi prijatelji in družinski člani, s katerimi se lahko povežete.
05:47
And so there are some psychological effects that happen with this.
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Tako se pojavi nekaj psiholoških učinkov.
05:50
One I'm really worried about
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En, ki me še posebno skrbi, je ta,
05:52
is that people aren't taking time for mental reflection anymore,
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da si ljudje ne vzamejo več časa za razmišljanje,
05:55
and that they aren't slowing down and stopping,
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in da se ne znajo upočasniti in ustaviti,
05:57
being around all those people in the room all the time
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saj so neprestano v sobi z vsemi temi ljudmi,
05:59
that are trying to compete for their attention
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ki se borijo za njihovo pozornost
06:01
on the simultaneous time interfaces,
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na simultanih časovnih povezavah,
06:03
paleontology and panic architecture.
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paleontologiji in arhitekturi panike.
06:05
They're not just sitting there.
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Ne sedijo samo tam.
06:07
And really, when you have no external input,
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In resnično, ko nimaš zunanjega vira informacij,
06:10
that is a time when there is a creation of self,
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takrat je čas, ko lahko ustvarjaš svoj jaz,
06:12
when you can do long-term planning,
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ko lahko načrtuješ na dolgi rok,
06:14
when you can try and figure out who you really are.
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ko lahko poskusiš ugotoviti, kdo zares si.
06:17
And then, once you do that, you can figure out
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In potem, ko to enkrat ugotoviš, lahko spoznaš,
06:19
how to present your second self in a legitimate way,
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kako predstaviti svoj drugi jaz na primeren način,
06:21
instead of just dealing with everything as it comes in --
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namesto da se spopadaš z vsem, kar se pojavi --
06:23
and oh, I have to do this, and I have to do this, and I have to do this.
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in o, moram storiti to, moram storiti to in moram storiti to.
06:26
And so this is very important.
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Zato je to tako pomembno.
06:28
I'm really worried that, especially kids today,
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Resnično me skrbi, posebno za otroke,
06:30
they're not going to be dealing with this down-time,
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da ne bodo dobili dovolj tega časa zase,
06:33
that they have an instantaneous button-clicking culture,
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saj ustvarjajo to instantno kulturo pritiskanja gumbov
06:35
and that everything comes to them,
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in dobijo vse na pladnju,
06:37
and that they become very excited about it and very addicted to it.
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ter postanejo zelo navdušeni in zelo odvisni od tega.
06:40
So if you think about it, the world hasn't stopped either.
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Ko pomislite o tem, svet se prav tako ni ustavil.
06:43
It has its own external prosthetic devices,
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Ima svoje lastne zunanje naprave
06:45
and these devices are helping us all
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in vse te naprave nam pomagajo
06:47
to communicate and interact with each other.
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pri komuniciranju in interakciji z en drugim.
06:49
But when you actually visualize it,
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Ko si to dejansko vizualiziraš,
06:51
all the connections that we're doing right now --
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vse te povezave, ki jih pravkar ustvarjamo --
06:53
this is an image of the mapping of the Internet --
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je to slika zemljevida interneta --
06:56
it doesn't look technological.
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ne izgleda tehnološko;
06:58
It actually looks very organic.
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dejansko izgleda zelo organsko.
07:00
This is the first time in the entire history of humanity
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To je prvič v celi zgodovini človeštva,
07:03
that we've connected in this way.
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da se povezujemo na tak način.
07:06
And it's not that machines are taking over.
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In ne gre za to, da bi stroji prevzeli svet;
07:09
It's that they're helping us to be more human,
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gre za to, da nam pomagajo biti bolj človeški,
07:11
helping us to connect with each other.
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pomagajo nam pri sporazumevanju.
07:13
The most successful technology gets out of the way
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Najbolj uspešna tehnologija se umakne
07:16
and helps us live our lives.
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in nam pomaga živeti naša življenja.
07:18
And really,
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In resnično,
07:20
it ends up being more human than technology,
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na koncu je bolj človeška kot tehnološka,
07:23
because we're co-creating each other all the time.
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saj so-ustvarjamo drug drugega ves čas.
07:25
And so this is the important point that I like to study:
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In to je pomembna točka, ki bi jo rada proučevala:
07:28
that things are beautiful, that it's still a human connection --
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da so vse stvari lepe, da še vedno obstaja povezava med ljudmi;
07:31
it's just done in a different way.
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le da je v drugačni obliki.
07:33
We're just increasing our humanness
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Povečujemo našo človeškost
07:35
and our ability to connect with each other, regardless of geography.
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in našo sposobnost sporazumevanja, ne glede na geografijo.
07:38
So that's why I study cyborg anthropology.
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Zaradi tega torej študiram antropologijo kiborgov.
07:40
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amber Case - Cyborg AnthropologistAmber Case studies the symbiotic interactions between humans and machines -- and considers how our values and culture are being shaped by living lives increasingly mediated by high technology.
Why you should listen
Amber Case is a cyborg anthropologist, examining the way humans and technology interact and evolve together. Like all anthropologists, Case watches people, but her fieldwork involves observing how they participate in digital networks, analyzing the various ways we project our personalities, communicate, work, play, share ideas and even form values. Case founded Geoloqi.com, a private location-sharing application, out of a frustration with existing social protocols around text messaging and wayfinding.
Case, who predicts that intensification of the human-technology interface will quickly reduce the distance between individual and community, believes that the convergence of technologies will bring about unprecedented rapid learning and communication. Dubbed a digital philosopher, Case applies her findings to such fields as information architecture, usability and online productivity. She’s currently working on a book about using anthropological techniques to understand industry ecosystems.
Amber Case | Speaker | TED.com