Tiffany Watt Smith: The history of human emotions
تيفاني وات سميث: تاريخ العواطف الإنسانية
Tiffany Watt Smith investigates the hidden cultural forces which shape our emotions. Full bio
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with a little experiment.
if you would close your eyes
أو أي شيء من هذا القبيل؛
to tell anyone or anything.
or perhaps hard you find it
أو ربما الصعوبة التي تجدونها
10 seconds to do this.
a little bit under pressure,
of the person next to you.
have their eyes closed?
strange, distant worry
الذي أرسلته هذا الصباح،
you've got planned for this evening.
that comes when we get together
التي تأتي عندما نجتمع
[هويل: فرط الحماسة،البهجة في الحفلات]
which wash the world in a single color,
تصبغ العالم بلون واحد
crowd and jostle together
عواطفنا متزاحمة ومتداخلة
to tell them apart.
you'd hardly even notice them,
that will make you reach out
in the supermarket.
في السوبر ماركت.
that we hurry away from,
to search a loved one's pockets.
في جيوب شخص مقرّب.
which are so peculiar,
a little tingle of a desire
بسبب الرغبة في عاطفة
French sociologist called "ilinx,"
with minor acts of chaos.
في بعض الفوضى الصغيرة.
and emptied the contents of your bag
شنطتك كلها على الأرض.
untranslatable emotions
العواطف الغريبة والغير قابلة للترجمة،
English equivalent.
the Dutch called "gezelligheid,"
التي يدعوها الهولنديون "جيزيلاهيد،"
when it's cold and damp outside.
عندما يكون الجو باردًا ورطبًا في الخارج.
is an extremely important commodity,
سلعة ذات أهمية قصوى،
to explain many things,
of being able to recognize and name
and those of other people,
is taught in our schools and businesses
يُدرّس في مدارسنا وأعمالنا
is becoming impoverished.
تصبح ضعيفة مع الوقت.
what an emotion even is.
العاطفة.
can be boiled down
يمكن اختزالها
about 2,000 years old,
have suggested that these six emotions --
أن هذه العواطف الستة:
disgust, anger, surprise --
والاشمئزاز، والغضب، والدهشة
in exactly the same way,
ويعبّرون عنها بنفس الطريقة تمامًا؛
the building blocks
your heart rate quickens,
you run very, very fast.
وتفرّ هاربًا بسرعة.
what an emotion is.
is extremely important,
بالطبع مهمة للغاية،
why we feel the way we do
في كوننا نشعر كما نشعر
that in the 12th century,
or boredom like we do today,
أو الملل كما نراه اليوم
of the deepest love?
brave men -- knights --
أو الفرسان في نفس الفترة
who lived in the desert
who mainly came out at lunchtime
في أكثر الأحيان عند وقت الغداء
they called "accidie,"
that was sometimes so intense
as we know and love it today,
by the Victorians,
about leisure time and self-improvement?
وقت الفراغ وتطوير الذات؟
untranslatable words for emotions
والغير قابلة للترجمة
might feel an emotion more intensely
تحسّ عاطفة ما أكثر من غيرها
to name and talk about it,
عناء تسميتها والحديث عنها؟
in cognitive science show
that we've inherited
but by our thoughts,
has become very interested
مهتمة للغاية
between words and emotions.
بين الكلمات والعواطف.
a new word for an emotion,
تصف عاطفة ما
that as language changes,
to see that emotions have changed,
ملاحظة أن العواطف قد تغيّرت،
and religious beliefs,
والمعتقدات الدينية،
والأصول العرقية والسن
and economic ideologies.
والاقتصادية الجديدة.
starting to understand.
to learn new words for emotions,
معرفة كلمات جديدة للعواطف
emotionally intelligent,
where those words have come from,
we ought to live and behave
الكيفية التي ينبغي أن نحيا ونتصرف بها.
in the late 17th century,
السابع عشر في عِلية
living some 60 miles away from home.
على بعد 60 ميلاً عن وطنه.
and they find him dejected and feverish,
مكتئبًا ومصابًا بالحُمى
that prayers are said for him
أنه قد تُليَت الصلوات من أجله
to return this young man home
onto the stretcher,
to the gates of his hometown,
from a very powerful form of homesickness.
that it might have killed him.
Johannes Hofer,
جوهانز هوفر
in medical circles around Europe.
في الدوائر الطبّية حول أوروبا.
they were probably immune
in the empire and so on.
حدود الإمبراطورية وما إلى ذلك.
cropping up in Britain, too.
تظهر في بريطانيا أيضًا.
during the First World War in France.
خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى.
that you could die from nostalgia
mean something different --
تحمل معنى مختلفًا
rather than a lost place --
لمكان قديم تفتقده،
is seen as less serious,
you could die from
your kid might be suffering from
عند المبيت خارج المنزل.
في أوائل القرن العشرين.
in the early 20th century.
or the expansion of the railways?
أو مدّ خطوط السكك الحديد؟
and travel and progress
transformation in values,
التحوّل الهائل في القيم،
feel homesickness today
لا نشعر بالحنين للوطن اليوم
influence our emotions
تؤثر على عواطفنا
how we feel about how we feel.
التي نشعر بها تجاه الطريقة التي نشعر بها.
to make us better workers
most of those things.
يسبب معظم هذه الأشياء.
self-help books from that period
من تلك الفترة
to be disappointed.
لجعلهم يشعرون بالتعاسة.
you could cultivate sadness as a skill,
أن بإمكانك تنمية الحزن كمهارة،
would make you more resilient
as invariably it would.
impatient, even a little ashamed.
وبقليل من الخزي حتى.
and you might feel a little bit smug.
وستشعر بالرضا ربما.
don't just change across time,
speak of "awumbuk,"
يتحدثون عن "أويمباك،"
when a houseguest finally leaves.
عندما يرحل الضيف أخيرًا.
to shed a sort of heaviness
وراءهم نوعًا من الثقل
and causes this awumbuk.
ويسبب هذا الشعور.
a bowl of water out overnight
they wake up and have a ceremony
ويقيمون احتفالاً
and geographical realities combining
والوقائع الجغرافية
is a Japanese word, "amae."
هي الكلمة اليابانية "آماي،"
hard to translate.
the pleasure that you get
بالسعادة التي تشعر بها
hand over responsibility for your life
عن حياتك لفترة مؤقتة.
might have been named and celebrated
والاحتفاء بها
traditionally collectivist culture,
amongst English speakers,
self-sufficiency and individualism.
tell us not just about what we feel,
لا عما نشعر به فقط
to pay attention to our well-being
أن نعير انتباهنا لصحتنا
of naming our emotions.
values and expectations,
about who we think we are.
بخصوص ما نعتقد كوننا عليه.
for emotions will help attune us
سيجعلنا متناغمين
aspects of our inner lives.
words are worth caring about,
تستحق الاهتمام بها
how powerful the connection is
requires that we understand
the cultural forces
to believe about our emotions
or hatred or love or anger
أو الحزن أو الحب أو الغضب
tell us how important they are,
عن مدى أهميتها
truly speak to us now.
غالبًا ما أشعر بها أثناء عملي كمؤرخة.
that you feel in an unfamiliar place.
تشعر به في مكان غير مألوف.
of being a historian
I've completely taken for granted,
just a little glimpse of it right now.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tiffany Watt Smith - Cultural historianTiffany Watt Smith investigates the hidden cultural forces which shape our emotions.
Why you should listen
Tiffany Watt Smith is the author of The Book of Human Emotions, which tells the stories of 154 feelings from around the world. It has been published in 9 countries so far. She is currently a Wellcome Trust research fellow at the Centre for the History of the Emotions at Queen Mary University of London, and she was educated at the Universities of Cambridge and London. Her writing has appeared in The Guardian, the BBC News Magazine and The New Scientist. In 2014, she was named a BBC New Generation Thinker. In her previous career, she was a theatre director.
Tiffany Watt Smith | Speaker | TED.com