TED@Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Tiffany Watt Smith: The history of human emotions
蒂凡尼·瓦特·史密斯: 人类情绪的历史
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
3,518,597 views
我们用以形容自己情绪的词汇影响着我们的感觉，蒂凡尼·瓦特·史密斯说到，而且它们常常随着新的文化期望和理念而改变（有时非常剧烈）。以思乡情绪为例：该情绪于1688年被定义为一种致死的疾病，今天则看起来没有那么严重了。通过这场精彩的关于情绪历史的演讲，了解更多关于我们用于描述自己感觉的语言是如何持续进化的，并学习一些不同文化中用以表达这些转瞬即逝的情绪的新词语。
Tiffany Watt Smith - Cultural historian
Tiffany Watt Smith investigates the hidden cultural forces which shape our emotions. Full bio
Tiffany Watt Smith investigates the hidden cultural forces which shape our emotions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
我想以一个小实验来开始今天的演讲
00:12
I would like to begin
with a little experiment.
with a little experiment.
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00:15
In a moment, I'm going to ask
if you would close your eyes
if you would close your eyes
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稍后之后我会请你们闭上眼睛
然后看看是否能够辨别
00:18
and see if you can work out
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你们当下所感受到的情绪
00:20
what emotions you're feeling right now.
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我并不是要
让你们来分辨什么人或物
让你们来分辨什么人或物
00:23
Now, you're not going
to tell anyone or anything.
to tell anyone or anything.
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这个实验的目的
是让大家感受一下
是让大家感受一下
00:25
The idea is to see how easy
or perhaps hard you find it
or perhaps hard you find it
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准确辨别情绪的难易程度
00:29
to pinpoint exactly what you're feeling.
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我会给你们十秒钟
00:32
And I thought I'd give you
10 seconds to do this.
10 seconds to do this.
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可以吧
00:35
OK?
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好的 我们现在开始
00:37
Right, let's start.
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好的 结束了 时间到
00:48
OK, that's it, time's up.
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怎么样
00:49
How did it go?
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00:51
You were probably feeling
a little bit under pressure,
a little bit under pressure,
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你可能感觉到有一点压力
也许在猜疑旁边的人
00:53
maybe suspicious
of the person next to you.
of the person next to you.
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他们真的都闭上双眼了吗
00:55
Did they definitely
have their eyes closed?
have their eyes closed?
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00:58
Perhaps you felt some
strange, distant worry
strange, distant worry
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也许你会有些异样的感觉
隐隐担心今早发出的电子邮件
01:01
about that email you sent this morning
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或者为你今晚的计划感到兴奋
01:04
or excitement about something
you've got planned for this evening.
you've got planned for this evening.
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也许你为我们一群人齐聚一堂
01:07
Maybe you felt that exhilaration
that comes when we get together
that comes when we get together
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而觉得欣喜不已
01:10
in big groups of people like this;
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威尔士人把这叫做 hwyl（激情）
01:12
the Welsh called it "hwyl,"
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01:14
from the word for boat sails.
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来源于单词 船帆
又或者你体会到了上述的所有情绪
01:17
Or maybe you felt all of these things.
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01:20
There are some emotions
which wash the world in a single color,
which wash the world in a single color,
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有的情绪可以
占据你的整个内心世界
占据你的整个内心世界
比如汽车打滑时的恐惧
01:23
like the terror felt as a car skids.
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01:27
But more often, our emotions
crowd and jostle together
crowd and jostle together
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但通常情况下 我们的各种情绪
会互相交织在一起
会互相交织在一起
很难将它们严格区分开
01:29
until it is actually quite hard
to tell them apart.
to tell them apart.
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01:33
Some slide past so quickly
you'd hardly even notice them,
you'd hardly even notice them,
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有的情绪来得太快
你甚至都注意不到
你甚至都注意不到
比如思乡情绪 它让你在超市里
01:37
like the nostalgia
that will make you reach out
that will make you reach out
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01:39
to grab a familiar brand
in the supermarket.
in the supermarket.
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情不自禁地伸手去抓
自己熟悉的那个品牌
自己熟悉的那个品牌
01:42
And then there are others
that we hurry away from,
that we hurry away from,
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还有其他的情绪
我们忙不迭地想要摆脱它
我们忙不迭地想要摆脱它
害怕它们会在我们身上爆发
01:45
fearing that they'll burst on us,
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01:47
like the jealousy that causes you
to search a loved one's pockets.
to search a loved one's pockets.
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比如嫉妒 诱使你去搜爱人的包
当然 还有一些情绪太特别了
01:52
And of course, there are some emotions
which are so peculiar,
which are so peculiar,
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你可能甚至都不知道它们叫什么
01:55
you might not even know what to call them.
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也许此刻坐在这儿
你心里有一丝奇怪的冲动
你心里有一丝奇怪的冲动
01:57
Perhaps sitting there, you had
a little tingle of a desire
a little tingle of a desire
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一个法国著名的社会学家
称这种情绪为 ilinx
称这种情绪为 ilinx
02:00
for an emotion one eminent
French sociologist called "ilinx,"
French sociologist called "ilinx,"
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02:05
the delirium that comes
with minor acts of chaos.
with minor acts of chaos.
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是一种精神错乱
同时伴随许多较小的混乱的活动
同时伴随许多较小的混乱的活动
02:08
For example, if you stood up right now
and emptied the contents of your bag
and emptied the contents of your bag
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例如 你现在站起来
然后把你包里的东西清空
然后把你包里的东西清空
铺得满地都是
02:12
all over the floor.
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也许你曾经经历过一种奇怪的
无法言表的情绪
无法言表的情绪
02:13
Perhaps you experienced one of those odd,
untranslatable emotions
untranslatable emotions
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你可能都找不到与之对应的英语词汇
02:17
for which there's no obvious
English equivalent.
English equivalent.
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02:20
You might have felt the feeling
the Dutch called "gezelligheid,"
the Dutch called "gezelligheid,"
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你可能经历过一种
荷兰人称之为 gezelligheid 的情绪
荷兰人称之为 gezelligheid 的情绪
02:23
being cozy and warm inside with friends
when it's cold and damp outside.
when it's cold and damp outside.
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感觉就像外面又冷又湿的时候
你和朋友们舒服而温暖地待在家里
你和朋友们舒服而温暖地待在家里
02:28
Maybe if you were really lucky,
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如果你真的很幸运 也许感受到过
02:30
you felt this:
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这种情绪
02:32
"basorexia,"
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basorexia
02:33
a sudden urge to kiss someone.
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一种想要亲吻某人的冲动
02:35
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:38
We live in an age
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我们生活在这样一个时代
02:40
when knowledge of emotions
is an extremely important commodity,
is an extremely important commodity,
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关于情绪的知识
成为了非常重要的日用品
成为了非常重要的日用品
02:45
where emotions are used
to explain many things,
to explain many things,
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而情绪也被用来解释许多事情
02:49
exploited by our politicians,
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被政客们利用
用公式来计算
02:51
manipulated by algorithms.
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情商 这种可以识别和命名
02:53
Emotional intelligence, which is the skill
of being able to recognize and name
of being able to recognize and name
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自己或他人的情绪的技能
02:58
your own emotions
and those of other people,
and those of other people,
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被认为如此重要 甚至会
在学校和工作中被作为课程讲授
在学校和工作中被作为课程讲授
03:00
is considered so important, that this
is taught in our schools and businesses
is taught in our schools and businesses
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03:04
and encouraged by our health services.
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同时也是我们的健康服务所推崇的
但尽管如此
03:07
But despite all of this,
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有时我还是在想
03:09
I sometimes wonder
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我们思考情绪的方式
是否太过贫乏
是否太过贫乏
03:11
if the way we think about emotions
is becoming impoverished.
is becoming impoverished.
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有时我们其实并不知道
某种情绪是什么
某种情绪是什么
03:15
Sometimes, we're not even that clear
what an emotion even is.
what an emotion even is.
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03:21
You've probably heard the theory
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你们可能都听过这个理论
我们的整个情绪生活
可以被划分为
可以被划分为
03:23
that our entire emotional lives
can be boiled down
can be boiled down
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一些基本的情绪
03:26
to a handful of basic emotions.
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这个理论其实已经存在了两千多年了
03:29
This idea is actually
about 2,000 years old,
about 2,000 years old,
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但在我们的时代里
03:31
but in our own time,
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一些研究进化的心理学家
提出过这六种情绪
提出过这六种情绪
03:33
some evolutionary psychologists
have suggested that these six emotions --
have suggested that these six emotions --
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快乐 悲伤 恐惧 恶心 愤怒和惊喜
03:37
happiness, sadness, fear,
disgust, anger, surprise --
disgust, anger, surprise --
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03:42
are expressed by everyone across the globe
in exactly the same way,
in exactly the same way,
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全世界上每个人的表达方式都一样
03:45
and therefore represent
the building blocks
the building blocks
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因而它们代表了我们整个情绪生活的
基本组成部分
03:48
of our entire emotional lives.
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然而如果你这样看待情绪的话
03:51
Well, if you look at an emotion like this,
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它看起来就是一个简单的反射
03:53
then it looks like a simple reflex:
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03:55
it's triggered by an external predicament,
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由外界某种状态触发
是固定的
03:57
it's hardwired,
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03:59
it's there to protect us from harm.
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它保护我们免受伤害
所以当你看到熊的时候
你的心率加快
你的心率加快
04:02
So you see a bear,
your heart rate quickens,
your heart rate quickens,
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你的瞳孔增大 感到害怕
你会跑得非常非常快
你会跑得非常非常快
04:04
your pupils dilate, you feel frightened,
you run very, very fast.
you run very, very fast.
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但这种观点的问题在于
04:09
The problem with this picture is,
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它并不能完全概括情绪是什么
04:11
it doesn't entirely capture
what an emotion is.
what an emotion is.
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当然 心理学非常重要
04:16
Of course, the physiology
is extremely important,
is extremely important,
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但它并不是我们在任何时候
感受到当下感觉的
感受到当下感觉的
04:19
but it's not the only reason
why we feel the way we do
why we feel the way we do
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04:22
at any given moment.
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唯一原因
如果我告诉你 在十二世纪
04:26
What if I was to tell you
that in the 12th century,
that in the 12th century,
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04:29
some troubadours didn't see yawning
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一些吟游诗人并不认为 打哈欠
04:32
as caused by tiredness
or boredom like we do today,
or boredom like we do today,
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是由于累了或者无聊了
像我们今天认为的一样
像我们今天认为的一样
而是以为哈欠是最深的爱的象征
04:36
but thought it a symbol
of the deepest love?
of the deepest love?
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或者在同一时代
勇敢的人们 骑士们
勇敢的人们 骑士们
04:40
Or that in that same period,
brave men -- knights --
brave men -- knights --
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04:45
commonly fainted out of dismay?
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会因为 沮丧 而晕倒
04:49
What if I was to tell you
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如果我告诉你
某些早期的住在沙漠里的基督教徒
04:50
that some early Christians
who lived in the desert
who lived in the desert
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坚信会飞的恶魔
通常会在午餐时候出没
通常会在午餐时候出没
04:53
believed that flying demons
who mainly came out at lunchtime
who mainly came out at lunchtime
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04:57
could infect them with an emotion
they called "accidie,"
they called "accidie,"
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传染给他们一种叫做 倦怠 的情绪
一种昏睡的症状
有时这种症状很严重
有时这种症状很严重
05:02
a kind of lethargy
that was sometimes so intense
that was sometimes so intense
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甚至可能导致他们的死亡
05:04
it could even kill them?
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05:07
Or that boredom,
as we know and love it today,
as we know and love it today,
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亦或者 被他们叫做 无所事事 的情绪
现在我们都知道并且很喜欢
现在我们都知道并且很喜欢
一开始只有维多利亚时代的人
05:11
was first really only felt
by the Victorians,
by the Victorians,
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对休闲时光或者自我提升
有新的想法时才能感觉到
有新的想法时才能感觉到
05:14
in response to new ideas
about leisure time and self-improvement?
about leisure time and self-improvement?
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如果我们再想一想
05:20
What if we were to think again
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这些奇怪的无法言表的情绪
05:22
about those odd,
untranslatable words for emotions
untranslatable words for emotions
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以及是否有的文化可能对
某种情绪有更强烈的感觉
某种情绪有更强烈的感觉
05:24
and wonder whether some cultures
might feel an emotion more intensely
might feel an emotion more intensely
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只是因为他们命名和谈论它
05:29
just because they've bothered
to name and talk about it,
to name and talk about it,
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05:33
like the Russian "toska,"
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像俄语中的 toska
05:35
a feeling of maddening dissatisfaction
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一种令人发狂的不满
05:38
said to blow in from the great plains.
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据说是从大平原流传过来的
05:43
The most recent developments
in cognitive science show
in cognitive science show
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最近的认知科学研究结果表明
05:47
that emotions are not simple reflexes,
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情绪并不是简单的反射
05:50
but immensely complex, elastic systems
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而是极度复杂的 灵活多变的系统
这系统不仅响应我们
所沿袭的生物系统
所沿袭的生物系统
05:53
that respond both to the biologies
that we've inherited
that we've inherited
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05:56
and to the cultures that we live in now.
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也对我们当下生活的
文化环境有反应
文化环境有反应
它们是认知现象
05:59
They are cognitive phenomena.
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06:01
They're shaped not just by our bodies,
but by our thoughts,
but by our thoughts,
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它们不仅被我们的身体所塑造
也被我们的想法
也被我们的想法
我们的理念和语言所塑造
06:04
our concepts, our language.
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06:07
The neuroscientist Lisa Feldman Barrett
has become very interested
has become very interested
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神经科学家巴雷特·费尔德曼·丽莎
对这种动态的语言与情绪之间的
关系非常有兴趣
关系非常有兴趣
06:12
in this dynamic relationship
between words and emotions.
between words and emotions.
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她提出 当我们学习关于
一种情绪的一个新单词
一种情绪的一个新单词
06:16
She argues that when we learn
a new word for an emotion,
a new word for an emotion,
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06:20
new feelings are sure to follow.
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就会产生新的感觉
06:24
As a historian, I've long suspected
that as language changes,
that as language changes,
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作为一个史学研究者
我一直猜想 当语言改变时
我一直猜想 当语言改变时
我们的情绪是否也会随之而变
06:28
our emotions do, too.
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06:30
When we look to the past, it's easy
to see that emotions have changed,
to see that emotions have changed,
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当我们回望过去
很容易就发现 情绪会改变
很容易就发现 情绪会改变
有时这种改变非常剧烈
06:34
sometimes very dramatically,
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这种改变是对
新文化的期望和宗教的信仰
新文化的期望和宗教的信仰
06:36
in response to new cultural expectations
and religious beliefs,
and religious beliefs,
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关于性别 种族和
年龄的新观念的响应
年龄的新观念的响应
06:39
new ideas about gender, ethnicity and age,
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06:43
even in response to new political
and economic ideologies.
and economic ideologies.
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甚至是对新的政治和
经济意识形态的响应
经济意识形态的响应
06:48
There is a historicity to emotions
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情绪具有史学性
而我们直到最近
才开始理解这种特性
才开始理解这种特性
06:51
that we are only recently
starting to understand.
starting to understand.
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所以我绝对同意 学习关于情绪的
新词语对我们有益
新词语对我们有益
06:56
So I agree absolutely that it does us good
to learn new words for emotions,
to learn new words for emotions,
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但我认为我们还要想得更远
07:00
but I think we need to go further.
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07:02
I think to be truly
emotionally intelligent,
emotionally intelligent,
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想要真的具备高情商
07:05
we need to understand
where those words have come from,
where those words have come from,
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我们还需要明白这些词语从何而来
07:09
and what ideas about how
we ought to live and behave
we ought to live and behave
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以及我们应该如何
生活和行为的理念
生活和行为的理念
这些东西与情绪共存
07:14
they are smuggling along with them.
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07:17
Let me tell you a story.
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我来给你们讲个故事吧
这个故事发生在17世纪末
07:19
It begins in a garret
in the late 17th century,
in the late 17th century,
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瑞士巴塞尔大学镇的一个阁楼里
07:23
in the Swiss university town of Basel.
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在阁楼里住着一个勤奋的学生
他的家离这里60多英里
他的家离这里60多英里
07:26
Inside, there's a dedicated student
living some 60 miles away from home.
living some 60 miles away from home.
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他有天突然不去上课了
07:31
He stops turning up to his lectures,
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07:33
and his friends come to visit
and they find him dejected and feverish,
and they find him dejected and feverish,
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他的朋友来看他
发现他精神沮丧 发烧
发现他精神沮丧 发烧
还伴有心悸
07:38
having heart palpitations,
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07:40
strange sores breaking out on his body.
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身上长了奇怪的疮
有人叫了医生
07:43
Doctors are called,
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大家以为他很严重
还在当地教堂
还在当地教堂
07:44
and they think it's so serious
that prayers are said for him
that prayers are said for him
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帮他做了祷告
07:47
in the local church.
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当大家正在准备把这个
年轻人送回家
年轻人送回家
07:48
And it's only when they're preparing
to return this young man home
to return this young man home
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让他入土为安时
07:51
so that he can die,
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他们才发现发生了什么
07:53
that they realize what's going on,
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07:54
because once they lift him
onto the stretcher,
onto the stretcher,
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因为当他们把他抬起来
放到担架上时
放到担架上时
他的呼吸顺畅多了
07:57
his breathing becomes less labored.
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而当他快到家门口时
07:58
And by the time he's got
to the gates of his hometown,
to the gates of his hometown,
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08:01
he's almost entirely recovered.
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他几乎痊愈了
08:04
And that's when they realize
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这时候大家意识到
他一直以来得的是
非常强烈的思乡病
非常强烈的思乡病
08:05
that he's been suffering
from a very powerful form of homesickness.
from a very powerful form of homesickness.
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这种思乡情绪太强烈
差点害死了他
差点害死了他
08:09
It's so powerful,
that it might have killed him.
that it might have killed him.
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在1688年 一个年轻的医生
约翰内斯·霍弗
约翰内斯·霍弗
08:13
Well, in 1688, a young doctor,
Johannes Hofer,
Johannes Hofer,
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听说了这个病例
以及其他的类似病例
以及其他的类似病例
08:16
heard of this case and others like it
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08:18
and christened the illness "nostalgia."
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将这种病命名为
nostalgia （思乡病）
nostalgia （思乡病）
08:22
The diagnosis quickly caught on
in medical circles around Europe.
in medical circles around Europe.
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这种诊断很快在欧洲的
医疗圈中传播开来
医疗圈中传播开来
事实上英国人以为
自己对这种疾病免疫
自己对这种疾病免疫
08:26
The English actually thought
they were probably immune
they were probably immune
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因为他们总在帝国之中
不停的到处旅行
不停的到处旅行
08:28
because of all the travel they did
in the empire and so on.
in the empire and so on.
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但后来也在英国发现了类似的病例
08:31
But soon there were cases
cropping up in Britain, too.
cropping up in Britain, too.
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死于思乡病的最后一个人
08:34
The last person to die from nostalgia
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是在一战中
在法国战斗的美国士兵
在法国战斗的美国士兵
08:37
was an American soldier fighting
during the First World War in France.
during the First World War in France.
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08:43
How is it possible
that you could die from nostalgia
that you could die from nostalgia
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距今还不到100年前的人们
怎么会死于思乡病呢
08:46
less than a hundred years ago?
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但如今 不仅这个词本身
代表了其他的意思
代表了其他的意思
08:48
But today, not only does the word
mean something different --
mean something different --
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更多的是对逝去时光
而不是地点的缅怀
而不是地点的缅怀
08:51
a sickening for a lost time
rather than a lost place --
rather than a lost place --
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08:55
but homesickness itself
is seen as less serious,
is seen as less serious,
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而且思乡病本身也没有那么严重
好像从一种可能致死的情绪
08:58
sort of downgraded from something
you could die from
you could die from
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降低为你可能会担心的
比如你的孩子在朋友家过夜时
比如你的孩子在朋友家过夜时
09:01
to something you're mainly worried
your kid might be suffering from
your kid might be suffering from
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想家的小情绪
09:04
at a sleepover.
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这种变化好像发生在20世纪的早期
09:05
This change seems to have happened
in the early 20th century.
in the early 20th century.
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09:09
But why?
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但为什么会发生呢
09:11
Was it the invention of telephones
or the expansion of the railways?
or the expansion of the railways?
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是由于电话的发明
还是火车的普及
还是火车的普及
09:15
Was it perhaps the coming of modernity,
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亦或是现代化的到来
09:18
with its celebration of restlessness
and travel and progress
and travel and progress
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对无休止的旅行和发展的大力推崇
09:22
that made sickening for the familiar
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让我们对自己所熟悉东西的
怀旧情绪看起来没那么热切了
09:24
seem rather unambitious?
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09:27
You and I inherit that massive
transformation in values,
transformation in values,
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我们所有人都继承了
这种极大的价值观转变
这种极大的价值观转变
这也可能是我们今天
没有像过去那样
没有像过去那样
09:32
and it's one reason why we might not
feel homesickness today
feel homesickness today
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09:35
as acutely as we used to.
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想家的原因之一
09:39
It's important to understand
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重点是要去理解
09:41
that these large historical changes
influence our emotions
influence our emotions
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历史巨变会对我们的情绪产生影响
09:44
partly because they affect
how we feel about how we feel.
how we feel about how we feel.
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部分是因为它们会影响
我们如何感知自己的感觉
我们如何感知自己的感觉
09:48
Today, we celebrate happiness.
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今天我们赞美快乐
09:51
Happiness is supposed
to make us better workers
to make us better workers
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快乐可以使我们成为更好的职工
09:55
and parents and partners;
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更好的父母和伴侣
它还可能让我们活得更久
09:57
it's supposed to make us live longer.
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09:59
In the 16th century,
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然而在16世纪
10:01
sadness was thought to do
most of those things.
most of those things.
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悲伤这种情绪却被认为是
具有以上大多数功能的情绪
具有以上大多数功能的情绪
那个时候甚至还有一些
自助的书籍可以
自助的书籍可以
10:04
It's even possible to read
self-help books from that period
self-help books from that period
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激发读者的悲伤情绪
10:08
which try to encourage sadness in readers
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通过给他们罗列一系列
应该感到失望的原因
应该感到失望的原因
10:10
by giving them lists of reasons
to be disappointed.
to be disappointed.
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（笑声）
10:13
(Laughter)
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这些自助书籍的作者认为
你可以将悲伤培养为一种技能
你可以将悲伤培养为一种技能
10:14
These self-help authors thought
you could cultivate sadness as a skill,
you could cultivate sadness as a skill,
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10:19
since being expert in it
would make you more resilient
would make you more resilient
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因为当你成为这方面的专家
在坏事临头的时候
在坏事临头的时候
你会更容易挺过来
谁都不会一直一帆风顺
谁都不会一直一帆风顺
10:22
when something bad did happen to you,
as invariably it would.
as invariably it would.
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10:26
I think we could learn from this today.
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我觉得我们可以从这其中
学到一些东西
学到一些东西
今天你如果觉得悲伤
你可能会没有耐心 甚至有点羞愧
你可能会没有耐心 甚至有点羞愧
10:28
Feel sad today, and you might feel
impatient, even a little ashamed.
impatient, even a little ashamed.
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在16世纪觉得悲伤
你则可能会自命不凡
你则可能会自命不凡
10:33
Feel sad in the 16th century,
and you might feel a little bit smug.
and you might feel a little bit smug.
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10:39
Of course, our emotions
don't just change across time,
don't just change across time,
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当然 我们的情绪不仅随时间变化
10:42
they also change from place to place.
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也随着地点不同而不同
10:45
The Baining people of Papua New Guinea
speak of "awumbuk,"
speak of "awumbuk,"
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新几内亚岛的拜宁人
会说 awumbuk
会说 awumbuk
一种代表你家里的客人终于离开后
会逐渐减弱的没精打采的情绪
会逐渐减弱的没精打采的情绪
10:50
a feeling of lethargy that descends
when a houseguest finally leaves.
when a houseguest finally leaves.
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10:54
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
这种情况对我们大家来说也许
只会觉得松了口气
只会觉得松了口气
10:55
Now, you or I might feel relief,
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但在拜宁人的文化里
10:58
but in Baining culture,
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即将出发的客人
可能会留下一些沉重的情绪
可能会留下一些沉重的情绪
11:00
departing guests are thought
to shed a sort of heaviness
to shed a sort of heaviness
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这样他们在路上才能走得更轻松
11:03
so they can travel more easily,
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11:05
and this heaviness infects the air
and causes this awumbuk.
and causes this awumbuk.
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这种沉重会影响周遭的空气
从而造成这种 awumbuk
从而造成这种 awumbuk
11:08
And so what they do is leave
a bowl of water out overnight
a bowl of water out overnight
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所以他们会在前一天晚上
放一碗水在门口
放一碗水在门口
来吸收这种空气
11:11
to absorb this air,
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然后第二天一大早
他们起床 举行一个仪式
他们起床 举行一个仪式
11:12
and then very early the next morning,
they wake up and have a ceremony
they wake up and have a ceremony
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再将这碗水扔掉
11:15
and throw the water away.
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还有一个很好的例子
11:16
Now, here's a good example
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11:18
of spiritual practices
and geographical realities combining
and geographical realities combining
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表明精神活动和地理现实相结合
11:22
to bring a distinct emotion into life
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会产生生活中一种特别的情绪
然后再让其消失
11:24
and make it disappear again.
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11:27
One of my favorite emotions
is a Japanese word, "amae."
is a Japanese word, "amae."
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这是我最喜欢的情绪之一
一个日本词语 amae
一个日本词语 amae
11:33
Amae is a very common word in Japan,
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amae这个词在日本很常见
但它其实非常难翻译
11:35
but it is actually quite
hard to translate.
hard to translate.
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11:37
It means something like
the pleasure that you get
the pleasure that you get
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它代表了某种类似于当你可以
暂时将你生活的责任交付于
11:40
when you're able to temporarily
hand over responsibility for your life
hand over responsibility for your life
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11:44
to someone else.
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其他人时的欣喜
（笑声）
11:45
(Laughter)
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人类学家们推测
11:46
Now, anthropologists suggest
225
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1667
这个词语在日本被命名和推崇的
11:48
that one reason why this word
might have been named and celebrated
might have been named and celebrated
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4028
11:52
in Japan
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1188
可能原因之一
是因为这个国家的集体主义文化
11:53
is because of that country's
traditionally collectivist culture,
traditionally collectivist culture,
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3934
而独立的感觉
11:57
whereas the feeling of dependency
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12:00
may be more fraught
amongst English speakers,
amongst English speakers,
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2860
则可能在那些讲英语的
人群中更常见
人群中更常见
12:03
who have learned to value
self-sufficiency and individualism.
self-sufficiency and individualism.
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这些人早已学会了去重视
自我满足和个人主义
自我满足和个人主义
12:09
This might be a little simplistic,
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2387
这可能有点过于简化了
但这的确引人深思
12:11
but it is tantalizing.
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12:13
What might our emotional languages
tell us not just about what we feel,
tell us not just about what we feel,
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我们的情绪语言告诉我们的
不仅仅是我们的感觉
不仅仅是我们的感觉
还有我们最重视的是什么
12:19
but about what we value most?
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12:24
Most people who tell us
to pay attention to our well-being
to pay attention to our well-being
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许多告诉我们要关注个人健康的人
谈论着给我们的情绪命名的重要性
12:29
talk of the importance
of naming our emotions.
of naming our emotions.
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但这些名字并不只是单纯的标签
12:32
But these names aren't neutral labels.
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12:35
They are freighted with our culture's
values and expectations,
values and expectations,
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3225
它们承载着我们文化中的
价值观和期望
价值观和期望
也传递着我们对自己的看法
12:39
and they transmit ideas
about who we think we are.
about who we think we are.
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12:43
Learning new and unusual words
for emotions will help attune us
for emotions will help attune us
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学习新的 不常见的这些
情绪词汇可以帮助我们
情绪词汇可以帮助我们
调节我们的内在生活
使其更加平顺
使其更加平顺
12:47
to the more finely grained
aspects of our inner lives.
aspects of our inner lives.
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但不止如此
我认为这些词语值得关注
我认为这些词语值得关注
12:51
But more than this, I think these
words are worth caring about,
words are worth caring about,
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是因为它们提醒着我们
我们的想法
我们的想法
12:55
because they remind us
how powerful the connection is
how powerful the connection is
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与我们的感觉之间
12:58
between what we think
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13:00
and how we end up feeling.
246
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有多么强烈的联系
13:03
True emotional intelligence
requires that we understand
requires that we understand
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真正的高情商需要我们理解
社会 政治和文化的力量
13:07
the social, the political,
the cultural forces
the cultural forces
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13:12
that have shaped what we've come
to believe about our emotions
to believe about our emotions
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塑造了我们如今
如何看待自己的情绪
如何看待自己的情绪
理解快乐 憎恨 喜爱或者愤怒
13:15
and understand how happiness
or hatred or love or anger
or hatred or love or anger
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13:21
might still be changing now.
251
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至今可能仍然处于变化之中
13:24
Because if we want to measure our emotions
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因为如果我们想衡量自己的情绪
并在学校中围绕其授课
13:27
and teach them in our schools
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1943
甚至听我们的政客告诉我们
它们如何重要
它们如何重要
13:29
and listen as our politicians
tell us how important they are,
tell us how important they are,
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3609
那么我们理解自己
13:33
then it is a good idea that we understand
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关于这些情绪的设想
13:35
where the assumptions we have about them
256
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1956
由何而来
13:37
have come from,
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1180
以及它们对我们来说
是否仍然属实 就十分重要
是否仍然属实 就十分重要
13:38
and whether they still
truly speak to us now.
truly speak to us now.
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13:43
I want to end with an emotion I often feel
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我想以作为一个历史学家
常常感觉到的一种情绪作为结尾
13:45
when I'm working as a historian.
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1984
13:47
It's a French word, "dépaysement."
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2461
它是一个法语词 dépaysement
它会引发一种你在不熟悉的地方
所感觉到的晕眩和迷惑感
所感觉到的晕眩和迷惑感
13:50
It evokes the giddy disorientation
that you feel in an unfamiliar place.
that you feel in an unfamiliar place.
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作为历史学家我最喜欢的一点是
13:55
One of my favorite parts
of being a historian
of being a historian
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有时当我觉得某事理所当然
13:57
is when something
I've completely taken for granted,
I've completely taken for granted,
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13:59
some very familiar part of my life,
265
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某些我生活中非常熟悉的事情
突然又变得奇怪起来
14:02
is suddenly made strange again.
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2084
14:05
Dépaysement is unsettling,
267
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2817
dépaysement 意思是不确定
但也令人兴奋
14:08
but it's exciting, too.
268
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1855
14:09
And I hope you might be having
just a little glimpse of it right now.
just a little glimpse of it right now.
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我希望你们现在
对此已经稍微有所体会了
对此已经稍微有所体会了
14:13
Thank you.
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谢谢
14:14
(Applause)
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（掌声）
Translated by Ying Yu
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tiffany Watt Smith - Cultural historianTiffany Watt Smith investigates the hidden cultural forces which shape our emotions.
Why you should listen
Tiffany Watt Smith is the author of The Book of Human Emotions, which tells the stories of 154 feelings from around the world. It has been published in 9 countries so far. She is currently a Wellcome Trust research fellow at the Centre for the History of the Emotions at Queen Mary University of London, and she was educated at the Universities of Cambridge and London. Her writing has appeared in The Guardian, the BBC News Magazine and The New Scientist. In 2014, she was named a BBC New Generation Thinker. In her previous career, she was a theatre director.
Tiffany Watt Smith | Speaker | TED.com