TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
Julian Treasure: 5 måder at lytte bedre
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Lytteeksperten Julian Treasure siger, at vi i en mere og mere larmende verden "mister vores evne til at lytte". I denne korte, fascinerende tale, deler Treasure fem måder at genindstille vores ører til bevidst lytning - til andre mennesker og til verden omkring os.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
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Vi mister vores lytning.
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
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Vi bruger omkring 60 procent af vores kommunikationstid på at lytte,
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
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Men vi er ikke særligt gode til det.
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
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Vi husker blot 25 procent af hvad vi hører.
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
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Ikke jer, ikke denne præsentation,
00:28
but that is generally true.
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men det er generelt set sandt.
00:30
Let's define listening
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Lad os definere lytning
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
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som at skabe mening ud af lyd.
00:34
It's a mental process,
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Det er en mental proces,
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
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og det er en udvindingsproces.
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
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Vi bruger nogle ret cool teknikker til at gøre dette.
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
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En af dem er mønstergenkendelse.
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
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(Støj fra menneskemængde) så hvis jeg til et fest som denne
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
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siger: "David, Sara, hør efter",
00:47
some of you just sat up.
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Så var der nogle af jer, som satte sig op.
00:49
We recognize patterns
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Vi genkender mønstre
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
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for at adskille støj fra signal,
00:53
and especially our name.
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og især vores navn.
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
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forskellighed er en anden teknik vi bruger.
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
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Hvis jeg lod denne lyserøde støj køre i mere end et par minutter,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
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så ville du bogstavelig talt ikke længere høre den.
01:02
We listen to differences,
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Vi lytter efter forskelle,
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
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vi fraregner støj, der ikke ændrer sig.
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
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Og så er der et helt arsenal af filtre.
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
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Disse filtre tager os fra al lyd
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
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ned til den lyd, som vi ofrer opmærksomhed på.
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
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De fleste mennesker er fuldstændig ubevidste
01:17
of these filters.
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om disse filtre.
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
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Men på en måde skaber de faktisk vores virkelighed,
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
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fordi de fortæller os hvad vores opmærksomhed er rettet mod lige nu.
01:25
Give you one example of that:
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Et eksempel på det:
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
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Intention er meget vigtig i lyd, i lytning.
01:30
When I married my wife,
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Da jeg giftede mig med min kone,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
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lovede jeg hende at jeg hver dag ville lytte til hende
01:34
as if for the first time.
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som var det for første gang.
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
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Det er noget, som jeg dagligt ikke lever op til.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
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Men det er en rigtig god intention at have i et forhold.
01:44
But that's not all.
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Men det er ikke alt.
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
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Lyd placerer os i tid og rum.
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
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Hvis du lukker dine øjne lige nu i dette rum,
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
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så er du bevidst om størrelsen af rummet
01:54
from the reverberation
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ud fra efterklangen
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
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og hvordan det lyder når lyden rammer overfladerne.
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
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Og du er bevidst om, hvor mange mennesker der er omkring dig
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
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på grund af al mikro-støjen, du modtager.
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
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Og lyd placerer os også i tid,
02:06
because sound always has
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fordi lyd har altid
02:08
time embedded in it.
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tiden indlejret i sig.
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
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Faktisk vil jeg mene, at lytning er den primære måde
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
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vi oplever strømmen af tid
02:14
from past to future.
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fra fortid til fremtid.
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
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Så, "Klang er tid og mening" -- et godt citat.
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
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I begyndelsen sagde jeg, at vi mister vores lytning.
02:21
Why did I say that?
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Hvorfor sagde jeg det?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
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Det er der mange grunde til.
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
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For det første opfandt vi måder at optage --
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
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først skrift, senere lydoptagelser
02:29
and now video recording as well.
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og nu ovenikøbet også videooptagelser.
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
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Værdien af nøjagtig og omhyggelig lytning
02:34
has simply disappeared.
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er simpelthen forsvundet.
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
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For det andet er verden nu så larmende,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
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(Støj) at med den kakofoni der findes omkring os
02:41
visually and auditorily,
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visuelt og auditivt,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
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så er det simpelthen svært at lytte;
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
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det er trættende at lytte.
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
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Mange mennesker søger tilflugt i hovedtelefoner,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
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men de ændrer store offentlige rum som dette,
02:53
shared soundscapes,
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delte lydlandskaber,
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
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til millioner af bittesmå personlige bobler af lyd.
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
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I dette scenarie er der ingen, der lytter til nogen.
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
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Vi bliver utålmodige.
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
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Vi vil ikke længere have talekunst,
03:06
we want sound bites.
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vi vil have lydstumper.
03:08
And the art of conversation
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Og kunsten at samtale
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
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bliver erstattet -- farligt, tror jeg --
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
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af personlig udsendelse.
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
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Jeg ved ikke, hvor lytning der sker i denne samtale,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
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hvilket desværre er meget almindeligt,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
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især i Storbrittannien.
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
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Vi bliver mindre og mindre sensitive.
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
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Vores medier bliver nødt til at skrige af os med denne slags overskrifter
03:26
in order to get our attention.
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for at fange vores opmærksomhed.
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
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Og det betyder, at det er sværere for os at være opmærksomme
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
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på det stille, på det subtile
03:32
the understated.
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det underspillede.
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
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Det er et alvorligt problem, at vi er ved at miste vores lytning.
03:38
This is not trivial.
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Det er ikke trivielt.
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
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For lytning er vores adgang til forståelse.
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
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Bevidst lytning skaber altid forståelse.
03:47
And only without conscious listening
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Og kun uden bevidst lytning
03:50
can these things happen --
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kan disse ting ske --
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
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en verden hvor vi overhovedet ikke lytter til hinanden,
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
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er faktisk et meget skræmmende sted at være.
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
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Så jeg vil gerne dele med jer:
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
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Fem simple øvelser, værktøjer, I kan tage med jer,
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
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for at forbedre jeres egne bevidste lytning.
04:05
Would you like that?
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Vil I gerne have det?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
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(Publikum: Ja.) Godt.
04:09
The first one is silence.
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Den første er stilhed.
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
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Bare tre minutters stilhed per dag
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
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er en vidunderlig øvelse
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
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til at nulstille dine ører og rekalibrere
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
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så du kan høre stilheden igen.
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
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Hvis du ikke kan få komplet stilhed,
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
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så gå efter roligt, det er fint nok.
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
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Den anden kalder jeg mixeren.
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
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(Støj) Så selvom du er i et støjende miljø som dette --
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
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og vi bruger alle en masse tid steder som dette --
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
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lyt i kaffebaren
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
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Hvor mange kanaler af lyd kan jeg høre?
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
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Hvor mange individuelle kanaler er der i det mix, som jeg lytter til?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
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Du kan også gøre det et smukt sted, som ved en sø.
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
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Hvor mange fugle hører jeg?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
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Hvor er de? Hvor er de bølger?
04:47
It's a great exercise
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Det er en rigtig god øvelse
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
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til at øge kvaliteten af din lytning
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
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Tredje øvelse kalder jeg nydelse,
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
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og det er en smuk øvelse.
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
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Den handler om at nyde dagligdagens lyde.
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
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For eksempel er dette min tørretumbler.
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
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(Tørretumbler) Det er en vals.
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
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Et, to, tre. Et, to, tre. Et, to, tre.
05:06
I love it.
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Jeg elsker det.
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
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Eller prøv denne her
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
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(Kaffekværn)
05:19
Wow!
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Wow!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
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Hverdagens lyde kan være virkelig interessante hvis du giver dem din opmærksomhed.
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
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Jeg kalder det for det skjulte kor.
05:25
It's around us all the time.
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Det er omkring os hele tiden.
05:27
The next exercise
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Den næste øvelse
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
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er formentlig den vigtigste af dem alle,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
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hvis du kun tager en ting med herfra.
05:33
This is listening positions --
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Det er lyttepositioner --
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
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ideen er, at du kan flytte din lytteposition
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
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til hvad der er passende til det, du lytter til.
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
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Det er at lege med filtrene.
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
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Kan I huske, at jeg gav jer de filtre i begyndelsen.
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
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Det er at begynde med at lege med dem som håndtag,
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
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for at blive bevidst om dem og at flytte dem til andre positioner.
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
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Disse er bare nogle af de lyttepositioner,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
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eller skalaer af lyttepositioner, du kan bruge.
05:54
There are many.
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Der er mange.
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
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Mor dig med det. Det er meget spændende.
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
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Og sidst, en forkortelse.
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
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Du kan bruge det i lytning, i kommunikation.
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
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Hvis du er i en af de roller --
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
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og det formentlig alle jer, som lytter til denne præsentation.
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
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forkortelsen er RASA,
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
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hvilket er Sanskrit
06:13
for juice or essence.
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for saft eller essens.
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
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Og RASA står for at Modtage (Receive),
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
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hvilket betyder at være opmærksom på personen;
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
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Værdsætte (Appreciate), altså lave små lyde
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
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som hmm, åh, okay;
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
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Opsummering (Summarize), ordet "altså" er meget vigtig i kommunikation;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
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og Spørg (Ask), stil spørgsmål bagefter.
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
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Nu er det sådan at lyd er min passion, det er mit liv.
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
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Jeg har skrevet en hel bog om det. Jeg lever for at lytte.
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
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Det er for meget at forlange af de fleste mennesker.
06:37
But I believe that every human being
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Men jeg tror, at hvert eneste menneske
06:39
needs to listen consciously
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har brug for at lytte bevidst
06:41
in order to live fully --
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for at leve fuldt ud --
06:43
connected in space and in time
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bundet sammen i tid og rum
06:45
to the physical world around us,
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til den fysiske verden rundt om os,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
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forbundet i forståelse af hinanden,
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
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for ikke at snakke om åndeligt forbundet,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
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for hver eneste åndelige retning jeg kender til
06:53
has listening and contemplation
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har lytning og fordybelse
06:55
at its heart.
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i sin kerne.
06:57
That's why
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Det er derfor
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
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vi har brug for at undervise i lytning i vores skoler
07:01
as a skill.
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som en færdighed.
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
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Hvorfor bliver der ikke undervist i det? Det er skørt.
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
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Og hvis vi kan undervise i lytning i vores skoler,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
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så kan vi fjerne vores lytning fra den glidebane
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
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mod den farlige, skræmmende verden jeg snakkede om
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
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og flytte den til et sted, hvor alle lytter bevidst hele tiden --
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
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eller i det mindste er i stand til at gøre det.
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
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Jeg ved ikke, hvordan man gør det,
07:21
but this is TED,
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men dette er TED,
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
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og jeg tror, at TED-fællesskabet er i stand til hvad som helst.
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
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Så jeg vil invitere jer til at forbinde jer med mig, forbinde jer med hinanden,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
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tage denne mission og få bragt lytning på skemaet i vores skoler
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
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og transformere verden - på én generation - til en bevidst lyttende verden --
07:35
a world of connection,
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en verden, der er forbundet,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
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en verden af forståelse og en verden i fred.
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
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Tak for at lytte til mig i dag.
07:42
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com