TEDGlobal 2011
Julian Treasure: 5 ways to listen better
Julian Treasure: 5 paraan sa mas mahusay ng pakikinig
Filmed:
Readability: 3.6
8,060,876 views
Sa mas umiingay na mundo, sabi ng eksperto sa tunog na si Julian Treasure, "Nawawala ang ating pakikinig." Sa maikli at kawili-wiling talumpating ito, may 5 paraang ituturo si Treasure upang matuto tayong hasain ang ating pakikinig -- sa ibang tao at sa mundong ginagalawan.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
We are losing our listening.
0
0
3000
Nawawala ang ating pakikinig.
00:18
We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,
1
3000
4000
Higit kumulang 60 porsyento ng ating oras sa pakikipag-usap ay nagagamit sa pakikinig,
00:22
but we're not very good at it.
2
7000
2000
ngunit hindi natin ito pinagbubutihan.
00:24
We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.
3
9000
2000
25 porsyento lang ng ating naririnig ang ating natatandaan.
00:26
Now not you, not this talk,
4
11000
2000
Hindi naman ikaw, hindi dito,
00:28
but that is generally true.
5
13000
2000
pero madalas ay totoo ito.
00:30
Let's define listening
6
15000
2000
Isalarawan natin ang pakikinig
00:32
as making meaning from sound.
7
17000
2000
bilang pagbibigay kahulugan sa tunog.
00:34
It's a mental process,
8
19000
2000
Ito'y proseso sa utak,
00:36
and it's a process of extraction.
9
21000
2000
at proseso ng paghugot ng kahulugan.
00:38
We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.
10
23000
2000
May mga astig na paraan tayo upang gawin ito.
00:40
One of them is pattern recognition.
11
25000
2000
Isa sa kanila ang pagkilala ng mga pattern.
00:42
(Crowd Noise) So in a cocktail party like this,
12
27000
3000
(Ingay ng mga tao) Kaya, sa isang cocktail party gaya nito,
00:45
if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention,"
13
30000
2000
kung sabihin ko, "David, Sara, makinig kayo,"'
00:47
some of you just sat up.
14
32000
2000
ilan sa inyo ang walang kibo.
00:49
We recognize patterns
15
34000
2000
Nakakapansin tayo ng patterns
00:51
to distinguish noise from signal,
16
36000
2000
para mahiwalay ang ingay sa signal,
00:53
and especially our name.
17
38000
2000
at lalong lalo na ang ating pangalan.
00:55
Differencing is another technique we use.
18
40000
2000
Differencing ay isa pang paraan na ginagamit natin.
00:57
If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,
19
42000
3000
Kung sakaling iiwan ko ang pink noise na ito ng ilang minuto,
01:00
you would literally cease to hear it.
20
45000
2000
titigil nalang bigla ang pandinig mo.
01:02
We listen to differences,
21
47000
2000
Pinakikinggan natin ang naiiba,
01:04
we discount sounds that remain the same.
22
49000
3000
binabawas natin ang mga tunog na hindi nagbabago.
01:07
And then there is a whole range of filters.
23
52000
3000
Mayroon iba't ibang klaseng filter.
01:10
These filters take us from all sound
24
55000
3000
Nilalakbay tayo ng mga filter na ito mula sa kabuuang ingay
01:13
down to what we pay attention to.
25
58000
2000
tungo sa kung anong pinakikinggan natin.
01:15
Most people are entirely unconscious
26
60000
2000
Hindi namamalayan ng karamihan
01:17
of these filters.
27
62000
2000
ang mga filter na ito.
01:19
But they actually create our reality in a way,
28
64000
3000
Pero, hinuhubog nila ang ating realidad,
01:22
because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.
29
67000
3000
dahil sinasabi nila sa ating kung ano ang pinapansin natin ngayon.
01:25
Give you one example of that:
30
70000
2000
Bibigyan kita ng isang halimbawa:
01:27
Intention is very important in sound, in listening.
31
72000
3000
Ang intensyon ay napakahalaga sa tunog, sa pakikinig.
01:30
When I married my wife,
32
75000
2000
Nung pinakasalan ko ang aking asawa,
01:32
I promised her that I would listen to her every day
33
77000
2000
pinangako kong pakikinggan ko siya araw-araw
01:34
as if for the first time.
34
79000
2000
na para bang unang beses kaming nagkita.
01:36
Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.
35
81000
3000
Hindi ko naman laging nagagawa iyon.
01:39
(Laughter)
36
84000
2000
(Tawanan)
01:41
But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.
37
86000
3000
Ngunit napakagandang hangarin iyon sa isang pakikipagrelasyon.
01:44
But that's not all.
38
89000
2000
Hindi lang iyon.
01:46
Sound places us in space and in time.
39
91000
3000
Sinasabi din ng tunog ang ating kinalalagyan sa kalawakan at panahon.
01:49
If you close your eyes right now in this room,
40
94000
3000
Kung ipipikit mo ang iyong mga mata sa kuwartong ito,
01:52
you're aware of the size of the room
41
97000
2000
masasabi mo pa ring malaki ang bulwagang ito
01:54
from the reverberation
42
99000
2000
dahil sa alingawngaw
01:56
and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces.
43
101000
2000
at sa pagbalik ng tunog mula sa mga pader.
01:58
And you're aware of how many people are around you
44
103000
2000
At alam mo kung gaano karami ang taong nakapaligid sa iyo
02:00
because of the micro-noises you're receiving.
45
105000
3000
dahil sa micro-noises na natatanggap mo.
02:03
And sound places us in time as well,
46
108000
3000
At linulugar din tayo ng tunog sa oras,
02:06
because sound always has
47
111000
2000
dahil ang tunog ay laging
02:08
time embedded in it.
48
113000
2000
may oras na nakatatak.
02:10
In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way
49
115000
2000
Sa katunayan, tingin ko, ang pakikinig ang pangunahing paraan
02:12
that we experience the flow of time
50
117000
2000
na nararanasan natin ang paglipas ng panahon
02:14
from past to future.
51
119000
2000
mula sa nakaraan hanggang hinaharap.
02:16
So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.
52
121000
2000
Kaya, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- napakagandang quote.
02:18
I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.
53
123000
3000
Sinabi ko kanina, nawawala na ang ating pakikinig.
02:21
Why did I say that?
54
126000
2000
Paano ko nasabi yun?
02:23
Well there are a lot of reasons for this.
55
128000
2000
May maraming dahilan.
02:25
First of all, we invented ways of recording --
56
130000
2000
Una, naka-imbento tayo ng paraan ng pagrerecord --
02:27
first writing, then audio recording
57
132000
2000
una pagsusulat, sumunod audio recording
02:29
and now video recording as well.
58
134000
2000
at ngayon video recording.
02:31
The premium on accurate and careful listening
59
136000
3000
Ang pagpapahalaga sa eksakto at maingat na pakikinig
02:34
has simply disappeared.
60
139000
2000
ay nawala na lang bigla.
02:36
Secondly, the world is now so noisy,
61
141000
3000
Pangalawa, napaka-ingay na ng mundo,
02:39
(Noise) with this cacophony going on
62
144000
2000
(Ingay) sa ingay nito
02:41
visually and auditorily,
63
146000
3000
sa mata at sa tenga,
02:44
it's just hard to listen;
64
149000
2000
mahirap talagang makinig;
02:46
it's tiring to listen.
65
151000
2000
nakakapagod makinig.
02:48
Many people take refuge in headphones,
66
153000
2000
Karamihan sa atin ay nagtatago sa headphones,
02:50
but they turn big, public spaces like this,
67
155000
3000
kaya't ang mga malalaki at pampublikong lugar gaya nito,
02:53
shared soundscapes,
68
158000
2000
isang buong soundscape,
02:55
into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.
69
160000
4000
ay nahahati sa milyun-milyong maliliit na bula.
02:59
In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.
70
164000
3000
Sa ganitong tagpo, walang nakikinig sa kahit kanino.
03:02
We're becoming impatient.
71
167000
2000
Madali tayong mainip.
03:04
We don't want oratory anymore,
72
169000
2000
Ayaw na nating makinig ng mahahabang talumpati,
03:06
we want sound bites.
73
171000
2000
mas gusto natin sound bites.
03:08
And the art of conversation
74
173000
2000
At ang sining ng pakikipag-usap
03:10
is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --
75
175000
2000
ay napapalitan -- mapanganib, sa tingin ko --
03:12
by personal broadcasting.
76
177000
2000
ng personal broadcasting.
03:14
I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,
77
179000
3000
HIndi ko alam kung gaano karami ang nakikinig sa usapang ito,
03:17
which is sadly very common,
78
182000
2000
na karaniwang nangyayari,
03:19
especially in the U.K.
79
184000
2000
lalo na sa U.K.
03:21
We're becoming desensitized.
80
186000
2000
Nagiging manhid na tayo.
03:23
Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines
81
188000
3000
Kailangan tayong sigawan ng ating media gamit ang mga headline na ito
03:26
in order to get our attention.
82
191000
2000
upang sila'y pansinin natin.
03:28
And that means it's harder for us to pay attention
83
193000
2000
Mas mahirap para sa atin ang makinig
03:30
to the quiet, the subtle,
84
195000
2000
sa tahimik, sa pino,
03:32
the understated.
85
197000
3000
sa hindi nababanggit.
03:35
This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.
86
200000
3000
Malala ang problema ng pagkawala ng ating pakikinig.
03:38
This is not trivial.
87
203000
2000
Hindi ito dapat balewalain.
03:40
Because listening is our access to understanding.
88
205000
3000
Dahil ang pakikinig ang daan sa pag-unawa.
03:43
Conscious listening always creates understanding.
89
208000
4000
Ang kusang pakikinig ay lumilikha ng pag-unawa.
03:47
And only without conscious listening
90
212000
3000
At kung hindi tayo nakikinig ng kusa
03:50
can these things happen --
91
215000
2000
ito ang nangyayari --
03:52
a world where we don't listen to each other at all,
92
217000
2000
isang mundo na walang nagkakarinigan,
03:54
is a very scary place indeed.
93
219000
4000
talagang nakakatakot.
03:58
So I'd like to share with you
94
223000
2000
Kaya gusto kong ibahagi sa inyo
04:00
five simple exercises, tools you can take away with you,
95
225000
3000
ang 5 simpleng ensayo, na maari mong gamitin
04:03
to improve your own conscious listening.
96
228000
2000
upang mahasa ang ating pakikinig ng kusa.
04:05
Would you like that?
97
230000
2000
Gusto mo ba yun?
04:07
(Audience: Yes.) Good.
98
232000
2000
(Audience: Oo) Mabuti.
04:09
The first one is silence.
99
234000
2000
Ang una ay katahimikan.
04:11
Just three minutes a day of silence
100
236000
2000
Tatlong minuto lang bawat araw ng katahimikan
04:13
is a wonderful exercise
101
238000
2000
ay napakagandang ensayo
04:15
to reset your ears and to recalibrate
102
240000
2000
para iakma at timplahin ang iyong tenga
04:17
so that you can hear the quiet again.
103
242000
2000
upang marinig mo muli ang katahimikan.
04:19
If you can't get absolute silence,
104
244000
2000
Kung hindi pwede ang ganap na katahimikan,
04:21
go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.
105
246000
3000
kahit kaunting katahimikan lang, sapat na.
04:24
Second, I call this the mixer.
106
249000
3000
Pangalawa, ang tawag ko dito ay mixer.
04:27
(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --
107
252000
3000
(Ingay) Kahit nasa isang maingay kang lugar gaya nito --
04:30
and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --
108
255000
3000
at maraming oras tayong nasa maiingay na lugar gaya nito --
04:33
listen in the coffee bar
109
258000
2000
halimbawa sa isang kapihan,
04:35
to how many channels of sound can I hear?
110
260000
2000
ilang uri ng tunog ang naririnig mo?
04:37
How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?
111
262000
3000
Ilang uri ng tunog ang kusang pinakikinggan mo?
04:40
You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.
112
265000
3000
Maari din itong gawin sa isang magandang lugar, gaya ng sa lawa.
04:43
How many birds am I hearing?
113
268000
2000
Ilang ibon ang naririnig ko?
04:45
Where are they? Where are those ripples?
114
270000
2000
Nasaan sila? Nasaan ang maliliit na alon ng tubig?
04:47
It's a great exercise
115
272000
2000
Ito'y mainam
04:49
for improving the quality of your listening.
116
274000
3000
upang umangat ang kalidad ng ating pakikinig.
04:52
Third, this exercise I call savoring,
117
277000
2000
Pangatlo, tinatawag ko itong savoring,
04:54
and this is a beautiful exercise.
118
279000
2000
at napakagandang ensayo nito.
04:56
It's about enjoying mundane sounds.
119
281000
2000
Tungkol ito sa paglasap sa pangkaraniwan.
04:58
This, for example, is my tumble dryer.
120
283000
3000
Ito, halimbawa, ang aking tumble dryer.
05:01
(Dryer) It's a waltz.
121
286000
2000
(Dryer) Ito ay waltz.
05:03
One, two, three. One, two, three. One, two, three.
122
288000
3000
Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo.
05:06
I love it.
123
291000
2000
Ang sarap pakinggan.
05:08
Or just try this one on for size.
124
293000
2000
O subukan niyo naman ito.
05:10
(Coffee grinder)
125
295000
9000
(Coffee grinder)
05:19
Wow!
126
304000
2000
Wow!
05:21
So mundane sounds can be really interesting if you pay attention.
127
306000
2000
Nakakaaliw ang mga pangkaraniwan, kung papansinin niyo lang.
05:23
I call that the hidden choir.
128
308000
2000
Tinatatawag ko itong nakatagong koro.
05:25
It's around us all the time.
129
310000
2000
Napapaligiran tayo nito sa lahat ng oras.
05:27
The next exercise
130
312000
2000
Ang susunod na ensayo
05:29
is probably the most important of all of these,
131
314000
2000
ang pinakamahalaga sa lahat ng mga ito,
05:31
if you just take one thing away.
132
316000
2000
kung pipili ka lang ng isa.
05:33
This is listening positions --
133
318000
2000
Ito ang mga uri ng pakikinig --
05:35
the idea that you can move your listening position
134
320000
3000
ang ideya na kaya mong baguhin ang uri ng pakikinig
05:38
to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.
135
323000
2000
ayon sa nababagay.
05:40
This is playing with those filters.
136
325000
2000
Ito ang paglalaro ng mga filter mo.
05:42
Do you remember, I gave you those filters at the beginning.
137
327000
2000
Naaalala niyo ang binanggit kong mga filter kanina.
05:44
It's starting to play with them as levers,
138
329000
2000
Ito ang paggamit sa kanila bilang lever,
05:46
to get conscious about them and to move to different places.
139
331000
3000
at meron tayo nito lagi kahit saan tayo magpunta.
05:49
These are just some of the listening positions,
140
334000
2000
Iilan lang ito sa iba't ibang uri ng pakikinig,
05:51
or scales of listening positions, that you can use.
141
336000
3000
o mga antas ng pakikinig, na maari mong gamitin.
05:54
There are many.
142
339000
2000
Marami yan.
05:56
Have fun with that. It's very exciting.
143
341000
2000
Sana masiyahan ka. Nakasisigla.
05:58
And finally, an acronym.
144
343000
2000
At panghuli, isang acronym.
06:00
You can use this in listening, in communication.
145
345000
3000
Magagamit mo ito sa pakikinig, sa pakikipag-usap.
06:03
If you're in any one of those roles --
146
348000
2000
Kung isa ka sa mga ito --
06:05
and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --
147
350000
4000
at sa tingin ko, kabilang kayong lahat dito --
06:09
the acronym is RASA,
148
354000
2000
ang acronym ay RASA,
06:11
which is the Sanskrit word
149
356000
2000
na salitang Sanskrit
06:13
for juice or essence.
150
358000
2000
para sa katas o katangian.
06:15
And RASA stands for Receive,
151
360000
2000
ang kahulugan ng RASA ay R for Receive (Tumanggap),
06:17
which means pay attention to the person;
152
362000
2000
ibig sabihin ay bigyang pansin ang tao;
06:19
Appreciate, making little noises
153
364000
2000
Appreciate (Pahalagahan), gumawa ng tunog
06:21
like "hmm," "oh," "okay";
154
366000
2000
gaya ng "hmm", "oh", "okay";
06:23
Summarize, the word "so" is very important in communication;
155
368000
3000
Summarize (Sumahin), napakahalaga ng salitang "so" sa pakikipag-usap;
06:26
and Ask, ask questions afterward.
156
371000
4000
at Ask (Magtanong), magtanong pagkatapos.
06:30
Now sound is my passion, it's my life.
157
375000
2000
Hilig ko ang mga tunog, ito ang buhay ko.
06:32
I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.
158
377000
2000
Nakapagsulat ako ng isang libro tungkol dito. Nabubuhay ako upang makinig.
06:34
That's too much to ask from most people.
159
379000
3000
Mahirap itong hilingin mula sa karamihan.
06:37
But I believe that every human being
160
382000
2000
Pero naniniwala ako na ang bawat tao
06:39
needs to listen consciously
161
384000
2000
ay kailangang makinig ng kusa
06:41
in order to live fully --
162
386000
2000
upang lubusang mabuhay --
06:43
connected in space and in time
163
388000
2000
nakaugnay sa kalawakan at oras
06:45
to the physical world around us,
164
390000
2000
sa pisikal na mundong ginagalawan,
06:47
connected in understanding to each other,
165
392000
2000
nakaugnay sa pag-unawa sa isa't isa,
06:49
not to mention spiritually connected,
166
394000
2000
nakaugnay sa ispiritwal na aspeto,
06:51
because every spiritual path I know of
167
396000
2000
dahil ang alam ko, lahat ng ispiritwal na landas
06:53
has listening and contemplation
168
398000
2000
ay binubuo ng pakikinig at pagninilay
06:55
at its heart.
169
400000
2000
sa puso nito.
06:57
That's why
170
402000
2000
Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit
06:59
we need to teach listening in our schools
171
404000
2000
kailangan nating ituro ang pakikinig sa ating mga paaralan
07:01
as a skill.
172
406000
2000
bilang isang kasanayan.
07:03
Why is it not taught? It's crazy.
173
408000
2000
Bakit hindi ito tinuturo? Nakakabaliw.
07:05
And if we can teach listening in our schools,
174
410000
3000
Kung maituturo natin ang pakikinig sa paaralan,
07:08
we can take our listening off that slippery slope
175
413000
3000
maiiwasan natin ang landas tungo
07:11
to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about
176
416000
3000
sa masalimuot at nakakatakot na mundong naikuwento ko
07:14
and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time --
177
419000
3000
at papunta sa isang mundo kung saan lahat ay kusang nakikinig sa lahat ng oras --
07:17
or at least capable of doing it.
178
422000
2000
o kahit marunong man lang makinig.
07:19
Now I don't know how to do that,
179
424000
2000
Ngayon, hindi ko alam kung papano gawin iyon,
07:21
but this is TED,
180
426000
2000
pero, ito ang TED,
07:23
and I think the TED community is capable of anything.
181
428000
3000
at sa tingin ko kaya ng mga taga-TED ang kahit ano.
07:26
So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,
182
431000
3000
Kaya inaanyayahan ko kayong makipag-ugnay sa akin, sa isa't isa,
07:29
take this mission out and let's get listening taught in schools,
183
434000
3000
gawing layunin ito at magawang ituro ang pakikinig sa paaralan,
07:32
and transform the world in one generation to a conscious listening world --
184
437000
3000
at mabago ang mundo sa henerasyong ito, tungo sa isang mundong nakikinig ng kusa --
07:35
a world of connection,
185
440000
2000
isang mundo naka-ugnay,
07:37
a world of understanding and a world of peace.
186
442000
3000
isang mundo nakakaunawa at payapa.
07:40
Thank you for listening to me today.
187
445000
2000
Maraming salamat sa inyong pakikinig ngayon.
07:42
(Applause)
188
447000
2000
(Palakpakan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com