TEDxManhattan
Britta Riley: A garden in my apartment
Britta Riley: En have i min lejlighed
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Britta Riley ønskede at dyrke hendes egen mad (i sin meget lille lejlighed). Så hun og hendes venner udviklede et system, til at dyrke afgrøder i kasserede brugte plasticflasker -- udvikling, test og tilpasning af systemet, vha. sociale medier, og afprøvning af mange forskellige variationer på samme tid, resulterede hurtigt i fundet af det optimale system. Kald det distribueret gør-det-selv. Og reslutatet? Velsmagende.
Britta Riley - Artist, urban farmer
Britta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city. Full bio
Britta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I, like many of you,
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Jeg er, som mange af jer,
00:17
am one of the two billion people on Earth
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en af de to milliarder mennesker på jorden,
00:22
who live in cities.
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som bor i en by.
00:24
And there are days -- I don't know about the rest of you guys --
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Og der er dage - Jeg ved ikke med resten af jer -
00:27
but there are days when I palpably feel
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men der er dage, hvor jeg helt håndgribeligt føler,
00:31
how much I rely on other people
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hvor meget jeg er afhængig af andre mennesker
00:33
for pretty much everything in my life.
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mere eller mindre, på alle områder i mit liv.
00:36
And some days, that can even be a little scary.
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Og nogle dage kan det endda være lidt skræmmende.
00:39
But what I'm here to talk to you about today
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Men hvad jeg er kommet for at tale om i dag er,
00:41
is how that same interdependence
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hvordan den samme indbyrdes afhængighed,
00:44
is actually an extremely powerful social infrastructure
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faktisk er en ekstremt stærk social infrastruktur,
00:48
that we can actually harness
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som vi fasktisk kan lære at styre,
00:51
to help heal some of our deepest civic issues,
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og således heale nogle af vores dybeste borgerlige problemstillinger,
00:55
if we apply open source collaboration.
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hvis vi gør brug af samarbejde igennem Open Source.
00:59
A couple of years ago,
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For et par år siden
01:01
I read an article by New York Times writer Michael Pollan
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læste jeg en artikel af journalist Michael Pollan, i New York Times,
01:04
in which he argued that growing even some of our own food
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hvori han diskuterede, at dyrke bare lidt af sin egen mad,
01:08
is one of the best things
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er en af de bedste ting,
01:10
that we can do for the environment.
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vi kan gøre for miljøet.
01:12
Now at the time that I was reading this,
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Da jeg læste dette
01:14
it was the middle of the winter
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var det midt om vinteren,
01:16
and I definitely did not have room for a lot of dirt
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og jeg havde bestemt ikke plads til en masse jord
01:19
in my New York City apartment.
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i min lejlighed i centrum af New York
01:22
So I was basically just willing to settle
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Så jeg var egentlig parat til bare,
01:24
for just reading the next Wired magazine
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at læse den næste udgave af magasinet Wired,
01:26
and finding out how the experts were going to figure out
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og finde ud af, hvordan eksperterne ville løse opgaven med,
01:28
how to solve all these problems for us in the future.
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at finde løsninger på disse problemer i fremtiden.
01:31
But that was actually exactly the point
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Men det var netop pointen,
01:34
that Michael Pollan was making in this article --
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som Michael Pollan diskuterede i denne artikel --
01:36
was it's precisely when we hand over
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At det er nemlig præcist når vi overlader
01:38
the responsibility for all these things to specialists
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ansvaret for alle disse ting til specialisterne,
01:41
that we cause the kind of messes
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at vi bliver årsagen til den slags virvar,
01:44
that we see with the food system.
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som vi kan observere i mad-systemet.
01:47
So, I happen to know a little bit from my own work
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Jeg kender tilfældigvis til en smule fra mit eget arbejde om,
01:50
about how NASA has been using hydroponics
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hvordan NASA har brugt hydroponiske bede til
01:54
to explore growing food in space.
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at udforske, i dyrkning af afgrøder i rummet.
01:57
And you can actually get optimal nutritional yield
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Og man kan faktisk få et optimalt ernæringsmæssigt udbytte
02:01
by running a kind of high-quality liquid soil
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ved at anvende en form for flydende jord, af høj kvalitet,
02:05
over plants' root systems.
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hen over planternes rodsystemer.
02:08
Now to a vegetable plant,
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For en plante
02:10
my apartment has got to be
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er min lejlighed nok
02:12
about as foreign as outer space.
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nogenlunde lige så fremmed, som det ydre rum.
02:14
But I can offer some natural light
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Men jeg kan tilbyde noget naturligt lys,
02:17
and year-round climate control.
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samt klimakontrol året rundt.
02:19
Fast-forward two years later:
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Vi spoler to år frem i tiden,
02:21
we now have window farms,
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og nu har vi vinduesfarme,
02:23
which are vertical, hydroponic platforms
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som er vertikale hydroponiske bede til,
02:25
for food-growing indoors.
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at dyrke spiselige afgrøder indendørs.
02:28
And the way it works is that there's a pump at the bottom,
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Og måden det fungerer på er, at der sidder en pumpe i bunden,
02:31
which periodically sends some of this liquid nutrient solution up to the top,
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som periodisk sender en flydende næringsstof-opløsning op til toppen,
02:34
which then trickles down through plants' root systems
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hvor fra det siver ned igennem planternes rodsystemer,
02:37
that are suspended in clay pellets --
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som hænger fast i små stykker ler,
02:39
so there's no dirt involved.
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så der bliver altså ikke brugt jord.
02:42
Now light and temperature vary
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Lys og temperatur varierer
02:44
with each window's microclimate,
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for hver enkelt vindues mikroklima,
02:46
so a window farm
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så en vinduesfarm
02:48
requires a farmer,
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kræver en landmand.
02:50
and she must decide
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og hun må bestemme sig for
02:52
what kind of crops she is going to put in her window farm,
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hvilke afgrøder, hun vil dyrke i sin vinduesfarm,
02:55
and whether she is going to feed her food organically.
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og om hun vil dyrke sine afgrøder økologisk.
02:59
Back at the time, a window farm was no more
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Til at begynde med, var en vinduesfarm
03:02
than a technically complex idea
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en teknisk meget kompleks idé,
03:04
that was going to require a lot of testing.
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som først skulle igennem en lang testfase.
03:07
And I really wanted it to be an open project,
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Og jeg ville virkelig gerne have, at det skulle være et Open Source-projekt,
03:09
because hydroponics
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fordi hydroponiske bede,
03:11
is one of the fastest growing areas of patenting
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er et af de områder, hvor der ansøges flest patenter
03:13
in the United States right now
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i USA lige nu,
03:15
and could possibly become
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og det kan evt. ende,
03:17
another area like Monsanto,
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som endnu et område som Monsanto,
03:19
where we have a lot of corporate intellectual property
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hvor erhverslives intellektuelle ejendomsret,
03:22
in the way of people's food.
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står i vejen for menneskers mad.
03:25
So I decided that, instead of creating a product,
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Så jeg besluttede, at i stedet for, at skabe et produkt,
03:28
what I was going to do
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ville jeg i stedet
03:30
was open this up to a whole bunch of co-developers.
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starte dette her op, med en hel masse medudviklere.
03:34
The first few systems that we created, they kind of worked.
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De første par systemer vi lavede virkede på sin vis.
03:37
We were actually able to grow about a salad a week
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Vi kunne rent faktisk dyrke omkring en salat om ugen
03:39
in a typical New York City apartment window.
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i en vindueskarm i en almindelg lejlighed i centrum af New York.
03:41
And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes and
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Vi var i stand til at dyrke cherrytomater og
03:43
cucumbers, all kinds of stuff.
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agurker, og alt muligt andet.
03:45
But the first few systems
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Men de første par systemer
03:47
were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers
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var de her lækkende, larmende, strømslugere,
03:50
that Martha Stewart would definitely never have approved.
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som Martha Stewart i hvert fald aldrig ville have sagt god for.
03:53
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
03:55
So to bring on more co-developers,
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Så for at bringe flere medudviklere ind i det,
03:57
what we did was we created a social media site
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gjorde vi det, at vi lavede en social medie hjemmeside,
04:00
on which we published the designs,
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hvor vi offentliggjorde disse designs,
04:02
we explained how they worked,
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vi forklarede hvordan de fungerede,
04:04
and we even went so far
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og vi gik endda så langt,
04:07
as to point out everything that was wrong with these systems.
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at vi beskrev alle problemerne med disse systemer.
04:10
And then we invited people all over the world
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Og så inviterede vi mennesker fra hele verden til,
04:12
to build them and experiment with us.
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at bygge dem og ekserimentere sammen med os.
04:16
So actually now on this website,
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Så faktisk har vi på denne hjemmeside
04:18
we have 18,000 people.
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18.000 mennesker.
04:21
And we have window farms
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Og vi har vinduesfarme
04:23
all over the world.
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over hele verden.
04:25
What we're doing
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Det vi gør,
04:27
is what NASA or a large corporation
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er hvad NASA eller store virksomheder
04:29
would call R&D, or research and development.
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ville kalde for R&D, eller forskning og udvikling.
04:32
But what we call it is R&D-I-Y,
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Men det vi kalder det er R&D-G-D-S,
04:35
or research and develop it yourself.
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eller forskning og udvikle det selv.
04:39
So for example,
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Så for eksempel
04:41
Jackson came along and suggested
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Jackson kom og foreslog,
04:43
that we use air pumps instead of water pumps.
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at vi brugte luftpumper i stedet for vandpumper.
04:45
It took building a whole bunch of systems to get it right,
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Der skulle bygges en hel del systemer, før det rigtig lykkedes,
04:47
but once we did, we were able
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men så snart det gjorde, så var vi i stand til,
04:49
to cut our carbon footprint nearly in half.
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at reducere halvdelen af vores udledning af drivhusgasser
04:52
Tony in Chicago has been taking on growing experiments,
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Tony i Chicago har haft en tilgang til eksperimenterne,
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like lots of other window farmers,
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meget lig mange andre vinduesfarmere,
04:57
and he's been able to get his strawberries to fruit
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og han har fået sine jordbær til at give frugt
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for nine months of the year in low-light conditions
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ni måneder om året, under lavt belyste betingelser,
05:03
by simply changing out the organic nutrients.
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simpelthen ved, at ændre de organiske næringsstoffer.
05:07
And window farmers in Finland
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Og vinduesfarmere i Finland
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have been customizing their window farms
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har tilpasset deres vinduesfarme,
05:11
for the dark days of the Finnish winters
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så de passer til de mørke finske vintre,
05:13
by outfitting them with LED grow lights
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ved at udstyre dem med LED vækst lys,
05:16
that they're now making open source and part of the project.
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som de nu er ved at lave til Open Source og en del af projektet.
05:19
So window farms have been evolving
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Så vinduesfarme har udviklet sig
05:21
through a rapid versioning process
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igennem en hurtig versioneringsprocess,
05:23
similar to software.
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lignende den der anvendes til software.
05:25
And with every open source project,
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Og som med alle andre Open Source-projekter,
05:28
the real benefit is the interplay
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er det rigtige udbytte, det samspil der er,
05:30
between the specific concerns
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blandt specifikke problemstillinger,
05:32
of people customizing their systems
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blandt mennesker, der tilpasser deres systemer
05:34
for their own particular concerns
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i forhold til deres egne problemstillinger,
05:36
and the universal concerns.
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samt de mere universelle problemstillinger.
05:38
So my core team and I
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Så mit kerne team og jeg
05:40
are able to concentrate on the improvements
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var i stand til, at koncentrere os om forbedringer,
05:42
that really benefit everyone.
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som virkelig kommer alle til gode.
05:45
And we're able to look out for the needs of newcomers.
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Og vi er i stand ti, at tage hånd om nyankomnes behov.
05:48
So for do-it-yourselfers,
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Så for gør-det-selv folket
05:50
we provide free, very well-tested instructions
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tilbyder vi gratis og gennemtestede instruktioner,
05:54
so that anyone, anywhere around the world,
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således at alle, hvor som helst i verden,
05:56
can build one of these systems for free.
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kan bygge et af disse systemer gratis.
05:58
And there's a patent pending on these systems as well
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Og der er patentanmeldelse på disse systemer også,
06:01
that's held by the community.
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som ejes af fællesskabet.
06:03
And to fund the project,
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Og til at finansiere projektet,
06:05
we partner to create products
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går vi sammen om at lave produkter,
06:07
that we then sell to schools and to individuals
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som vi sælger til skoler og privatpersoner,
06:10
who don't have time to build their own systems.
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der ikke har tid til, at bygge deres egne systemer.
06:13
Now within our community,
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I vores fællesskab
06:15
a certain culture has appeared.
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er der opstået en bestemt kultur.
06:17
In our culture, it is better to be a tester
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I denne kultur er det mere anset, at være en tester,
06:19
who supports someone else's idea
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som bakker op om en andens idé,
06:22
than it is to be just the idea guy.
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end det er bare at være idémanden.
06:25
What we get out of this project
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Det som vi får ud af dette projekt er,
06:27
is we get support for our own work,
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at vi får støtte til vores eget arbejde,
06:29
as well as an experience of actually contributing
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samt en oplevelse af rent faktisk at bidrage
06:33
to the environmental movement
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til miljøbevægelsen
06:35
in a way other than just screwing in new light bulbs.
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på en anderledes måde, end bare at skifte til el-sparepærer.
06:38
But I think that Eileen expresses best
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Men jeg tror Eileen sagde det bedst,
06:41
what we really get out of this,
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at det vi virkelig får ud af det her er,
06:43
which is the actual joy of collaboration.
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er glæden ved at bidrage.
06:46
So she expresses here what it's like
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Så hun udtrykker her, hvordan det er,
06:49
to see someone halfway across the world
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at se nogen på den anden side af jorden,
06:51
having taken your idea, built upon it
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der har brugt din idé, bygget ud fra den,
06:53
and then acknowledging you for contributing.
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og anerkendt dig for dit bidrag.
06:56
If we really want to see the kind of wide consumer behavior change
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Hvis vi virkelig ønsker, at se den brede forbrugerkultur ændre sig,
07:00
that we're all talking about
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som vi alle snakker om,
07:02
as environmentalists and food people,
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som miljøforkæmpere og madelskere,
07:04
maybe we just need to ditch the term "consumer"
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så er vi måske nød til, helt at skrotte begrebet forbruger,
07:06
and get behind the people who are doing stuff.
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og i stedet bakke op omkring mennesker, som gør en forskel.
07:10
Open source projects tend to have a momentum of their own.
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Open Source-projekter synes at leve deres eget liv.
07:13
And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y
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Og det vi kan se er, at "forskning og udvikling gør-det-selv",
07:15
has moved beyond just window farms and LEDs
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har bevæget sig ud over bare vinduesfarme og LED-lys,
07:19
into solar panels and aquaponic systems.
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til solpaneler og hydroponiske bede.
07:23
And we're building upon innovations
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Og vi bygger oven på nyskabelser,
07:25
of generations who went before us.
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fra generationer, der kom før os.
07:27
And we're looking ahead at generations
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Og vi kigger frem mod generationer,
07:29
who really need us to retool our lives now.
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som virkelig har brug for, at vi nyskaber måden vi lever på i dag.
07:33
So we ask that you join us
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Så vi ønsker at du vil være med til
07:35
in rediscovering the value
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at genopdage værdien
07:37
of citizens united,
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af forenede borgere,
07:39
and to declare
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og til at erklære,
07:41
that we are all still pioneers.
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at vi alle stadig er pionerer.
07:44
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Britta Riley - Artist, urban farmerBritta Riley designs and builds urban farms and other participatory artworks that explore the city.
Why you should listen
Britta Riley is an artist and technologist who makes crowdsourced R&D solutions for environmental issues. Her company, Windowfarms.org was named one of the top 100 businesses to watch in 2010 by Entrepreneur Magazine. Windowfarms makes vertical hydroponic platforms for growing food in city windows, designed in conjunction with a online citizen science web platform for with over 16,000 community members worldwide.
Britta Riley | Speaker | TED.com