TEDxWomen 2011
Jane Fonda: Life's third act
Jane Fonda: Livets tredje akt
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I løbet af denne generation er der blevet tilføjet 30 år til vores forventede levealder - og disse år udgør ikke bare en fodnote eller patologi. Ved TEDxWomen spørger Jane Fonda, hvordan man kan anskue denne nye livsfase.
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There have been many revolutions
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Der har været mange revolutioner
00:17
over the last century,
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i løbet af det sidste århundrede,
00:19
but perhaps none as significant
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men ingen er måske lige så vigtige
00:21
as the longevity revolution.
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som levetidsrevolutionen.
00:24
We are living on average today
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Vi lever i dag i gennemsnit
00:26
34 years longer than our great-grandparents did.
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34 år længere end vores oldeforældre.
00:29
Think about that.
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Tænk over det.
00:31
That's an entire second adult lifetime
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Det er det samme som en ekstra voksen levealder,
00:34
that's been added to our lifespan.
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der er blevet føjet til vores levetid.
00:36
And yet, for the most part,
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Men, generelt set,
00:38
our culture has not come to terms with what this means.
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har vores kultur endnu ikke fundet ud af, hvad det betyder.
00:41
We're still living with the old paradigm
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Vi lever stadig efter det gamle mønster,
00:44
of age as an arch.
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hvor alder er en kurve.
00:46
That's the metaphor, the old metaphor.
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Det er metaforen; den gamle metafor.
00:48
You're born, you peak at midlife
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Man bliver født, man når sit højdepunkt, når man er midaldrende,
00:50
and decline into decrepitude.
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og man forfalder i alderdomssvækkelse.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
00:54
Age as pathology.
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Alder som patologi.
00:56
But many people today --
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Men mange mennesker i dag --
00:58
philosophers, artists, doctors, scientists --
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filosoffer, kunstnere, læger, forskere --
01:01
are taking a new look at what I call the third act,
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ser nu nærmere på, hvad jeg kalder det tredje akt;
01:04
the last three decades of life.
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de sidste tre årtier af vores liv.
01:07
They realize that this is actually a developmental stage of life
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De er kommet frem til, at det udviklingsmæssigt faktisk er en livsfase,
01:12
with its own significance --
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der har sin egen betydning --
01:14
as different from midlife
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der er lige så forskellig fra midalderen,
01:17
as adolescence is from childhood.
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som puberteten er fra barndommen.
01:20
And they are asking -- we should all be asking --
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Og de spørger -- vi burde alle spørge --
01:23
how do we use this time?
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hvordan skal vi bruge denne tid?
01:26
How do we live it successfully?
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Hvordan får vi det bedste ud af den?
01:28
What is the appropriate new metaphor
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Hvad ville være en passende ny metafor
01:30
for aging?
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for at ældes?
01:32
I've spent the last year researching and writing about this subject.
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Jeg har brugt det sidste års tid på at undersøge og skrive om dette emne.
01:35
And I have come to find
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Og jeg er kommet frem til,
01:37
that a more appropriate metaphor for aging
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at en mere passende metafor for at ældes
01:41
is a staircase --
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er en trappe --
01:43
the upward ascension of the human spirit,
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opstigningen af den menneskelige sjæl,
01:47
bringing us into wisdom, wholeness
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til visdom, helhed
01:49
and authenticity.
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og ægthed.
01:51
Age not at all as pathology;
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Alder er overhovedet ikke patologisk;
01:53
age as potential.
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alder er potentiale.
01:55
And guess what?
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Og ved I hvad?
01:57
This potential is not for the lucky few.
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Det her potentiale er ikke kun for de få udvalgte.
01:59
It turns out,
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Det viser sig,
02:01
most people over 50
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at de fleste mennesker over 50
02:03
feel better, are less stressed,
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har det bedre, er mindre stressede,
02:05
are less hostile, less anxious.
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mindre fjendtlige, er mindre nervøse.
02:07
We tend to see commonalities
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Vi fokuserer på ligheder
02:09
more than differences.
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i stedet for forskelligheder.
02:11
Some of the studies even say
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Nogle af undersøgelserne viser tilmed,
02:13
we're happier.
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at vi er mere lykkelige.
02:15
This is not what I expected, trust me.
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Dette er ikke, hvad jeg forventede, tro mig.
02:17
I come from a long line of depressives.
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Jeg har stor erfaring med depression.
02:20
As I was approaching my late 40s,
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Da jeg nærmede mig slutningen af 40'erne,
02:22
when I would wake up in the morning
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vågnede jeg om morgenen,
02:24
my first six thoughts would all be negative.
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og de første seks tanker var alle negative.
02:26
And I got scared.
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Det gjorde mig bange.
02:28
I thought, oh my gosh.
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Jeg tænkte, "Åh gud.
02:30
I'm going to become a crotchety old lady.
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Jeg er ved at blive en sur gammel dame."
02:32
But now that I am actually smack-dab in the middle of my own third act,
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Men nu hvor jeg selv er midt i tredje akt,
02:36
I realize I've never been happier.
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indser jeg, at jeg aldrig har været lykkeligere.
02:39
I have such a powerful feeling of well-being.
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Jeg har sådan en stærk følelse af velvære.
02:44
And I've discovered
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Og jeg har opdaget,
02:46
that when you're inside oldness,
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at når man er midt i det "at være gammel"
02:48
as opposed to looking at it from the outside,
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i stedet for at betragte det udefra,
02:50
fear subsides.
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så træder frygten i baggrunden.
02:52
You realize, you're still yourself --
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Man indser, at man er stadig sig selv --
02:54
maybe even more so.
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måske endnu mere nu end før.
02:56
Picasso once said, "It takes a long time to become young."
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Picasso sagde engang, "Det tager lang tid at blive ung."
03:00
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
03:02
I don't want to romanticize aging.
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Jeg vil ikke romantisere det at blive gammel.
03:04
Obviously, there's no guarantee
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Der er jo ingen garanti for,
03:06
that it can be a time of fruition and growth.
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at det bliver en tid for nydelse og udvikling.
03:08
Some of it is a matter of luck.
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En del beror på held.
03:10
Some of it, obviously, is genetic.
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En del er selvsagt genetisk.
03:13
One third of it, in fact, is genetic.
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En tredjedel er faktisk genetisk.
03:15
And there isn't much we can do about that.
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Og der er ikke så meget, vi kan gøre ved det.
03:18
But that means that two-thirds
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Men det betyder, at to tredjedele
03:20
of how well we do in the third act,
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af, hvordan vi har det i tredje akt,
03:22
we can do something about.
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har vi rent faktisk indflydelse på.
03:25
We're going to discuss what we can do
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Vi vil nu kigge på, hvad vi kan gøre
03:28
to make these added years really successful
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for, at disse ekstra leveår kan blive virkelig gode
03:31
and use them to make a difference.
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og bruge dem til at gøre en forskel.
03:34
Now let me say something about the staircase,
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Nu vil jeg lige vende tilbage til trappen,
03:36
which may seem like an odd metaphor for seniors
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det virker måske som en underlig metafor for ældre,
03:40
given the fact that many seniors are challenged by stairs.
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da mange ældre har det svært med trapper.
03:43
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
03:45
Myself included.
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Mig selv inklusive.
03:48
As you may know,
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Som I måske ved,
03:50
the entire world operates on a universal law:
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så er hele verden baseret på en universel lov:
03:53
entropy, the second law of thermodynamics.
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entropi, termodynamikkens anden lov.
03:57
Entropy means that everything in the world, everything,
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Entropi betyder, at alt i denne verden, alt
04:00
is in a state of decline and decay,
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er i en tilstand af forfald og fordærvelse,
04:02
the arch.
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kurven.
04:04
There's only one exception to this universal law,
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Der er kun en enkelt undtagelse til denne universelle lov,
04:07
and that is the human spirit,
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og det er den menneskelig sjæl,
04:09
which can continue to evolve upwards --
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som kan fortsætte med at udvikles opad --
04:12
the staircase --
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trappen --
04:14
bringing us into wholeness,
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og give os helhed,
04:16
authenticity and wisdom.
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ægthed og visdom.
04:19
And here's an example of what I mean.
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Og her er et eksempel på, hvad jeg mener:
04:21
This upward ascension
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Denne opstigning
04:23
can happen even in the face of extreme physical challenges.
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kan ske under selv de mest ekstreme fysiske vilkår.
04:27
About three years ago,
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For ca. tre år siden
04:29
I read an article in the New York Times.
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læste jeg en artikel i New York Times
04:31
It was about a man named Neil Selinger --
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om en mand, der hed Neil Selinger --
04:33
57 years old, a retired lawyer --
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en 57-årig pensioneret advokat --
04:36
who had joined the writers group at Sarah Lawrence
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som havde tilmeldt sig en skrivegruppe på Sarah Lawrence,
04:39
where he found his writer's voice.
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hvor han fandt sin indre skribent.
04:42
Two years later,
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To år senere
04:44
he was diagnosed with ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
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fik han diagnosen ALS, også kendt som Lou Gehrig's disease.
04:47
It's a terrible disease. It's fatal.
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Det er en frygtelig sygdom. Den er dødelig.
04:50
It wastes the body, but the mind remains intact.
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Kroppen forfalder, mens sindet forbliver intakt.
04:54
In this article, Mr. Selinger wrote the following
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I artiklen skrev Mr. Selinger følgende
04:57
to describe what was happening to him.
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for at beskrive, hvad der skete med ham.
05:00
And I quote,
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Og jeg citerer:
05:03
"As my muscles weakened,
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"I takt med, at mine muskler blev svagere,
05:05
my writing became stronger.
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blev mine tekster stærkere.
05:08
As I slowly lost my speech,
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I takt med, at jeg mistede min evne til at tale,
05:11
I gained my voice.
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fandt jeg min stemme.
05:14
As I diminished, I grew.
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I takt med, at jeg svandt, voksede jeg.
05:16
As I lost so much,
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I takt med, at jeg mistede så meget,
05:18
I finally started to find myself."
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fandt jeg endelig mig selv."
05:22
Neil Selinger, to me,
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For mig er Neil Selinger
05:24
is the embodiment of mounting the staircase
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legemliggørelse af at tage trappen
05:27
in his third act.
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i tredje akt.
05:30
Now we're all born with spirit, all of us,
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Vi fødes alle med en sjæl,
05:32
but sometimes it gets tamped down
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men nogle gange bliver den stampet ned
05:35
beneath the challenges of life,
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af livets udfordringer,
05:37
violence, abuse, neglect.
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vold, misbrug, vanrøgt.
05:40
Perhaps our parents suffered from depression.
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Måske var vores forældre depressive.
05:42
Perhaps they weren't able to love us
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Måske var de ikke i stand til at elske os
05:44
beyond how we performed in the world.
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udover, hvordan vi præsterede.
05:48
Perhaps we still suffer
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Måske lider vi stadig
05:50
from a psychic pain, a wound.
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under en psykisk smerte, et sår.
05:52
Perhaps we feel that many of our relationships have not had closure.
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Måske føler vi, at mange af vores forhold er uafviklede.
05:56
And so we can feel unfinished.
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Og derfor føler vi os ufærdige.
06:00
Perhaps the task of the third act
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Måske er meningen med tredje akt,
06:03
is to finish up the task of finishing ourselves.
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at vi skal færdiggøre os selv.
06:08
For me, it began as I was approaching my third act,
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For mit vedkommende begyndte det, da jeg nærmede mig tredje akt,
06:12
my 60th birthday.
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min 60 års fødselsdag.
06:14
How was I supposed to live it?
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Hvad skulle jeg bruge den til?
06:16
What was I supposed to accomplish in this final act?
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Hvad skulle jeg opnå i sidste akt?
06:19
And I realized that, in order to know where I was going,
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Og jeg indså, at for at vide, hvor jeg skulle hen,
06:23
I had to know where I'd been.
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måtte jeg vide, hvor jeg havde været.
06:25
And so I went back
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Så jeg tog tilbage
06:27
and I studied my first two acts,
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for at kigge på de første to akter,
06:29
trying to see who I was then,
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for at se, hvem jeg var,
06:32
who I really was --
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hvem jeg virkelig var --
06:34
not who my parents or other people told me I was,
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ikke hvem mine forældre eller andre sagde, at jeg var,
06:37
or treated me like I was.
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eller behandlede mig som.
06:39
But who was I? Who were my parents --
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Men hvem var jeg? Hvem var mine forældre --
06:41
not as parents, but as people?
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ikke som forældre, men som mennesker?
06:44
Who were my grandparents?
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Hvem var mine bedsteforældre?
06:46
How did they treat my parents?
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Hvordan behandlede de mine forældre?
06:48
These kinds of things.
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Den slags ting.
06:51
I discovered a couple of years later
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Et par år senere opdagede jeg,
06:54
that this process that I had gone through
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at den proces, jeg havde været igennem,
06:57
is called by psychologists
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kalder psykologer
06:59
"doing a life review."
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"at foretage en livsrevision."
07:01
And they say it can give new significance
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Og de siger, at den kan give ny betydning
07:03
and clarity and meaning
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og klarhed og mening
07:05
to a person's life.
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til et menneskes liv.
07:07
You may discover, as I did,
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Man kan opdage, som jeg gjorde,
07:10
that a lot of things that you used to think were your fault,
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at mange af de ting, som man plejede at tro var ens skyld,
07:13
a lot of things you used to think about yourself,
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mange af de ting, som man plejede at tænke om sig selv,
07:16
really had nothing to do with you.
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slet ikke havde noget med en at gøre.
07:19
It wasn't your fault; you're just fine.
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Det var ikke ens skyld; man er helt ok.
07:22
And you're able to go back
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Og man er i stand til at gå tilbage
07:24
and forgive them
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og tilgive dem
07:26
and forgive yourself.
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og tilgive sig selv.
07:28
You're able to free yourself
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Man kan frigøre sig
07:31
from your past.
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fra fortiden.
07:33
You can work to change
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Man kan arbejde på at ændre
07:35
your relationship to your past.
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dit forhold til fortiden.
07:37
Now while I was writing about this,
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Imens jeg skrev om det her,
07:39
I came upon a book called "Man's Search for Meaning"
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faldt jeg over en bog med titlen "Man's Search for Meaning"
07:42
by Viktor Frankl.
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af Viktor Frankl.
07:44
Viktor Frankl was a German psychiatrist
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Viktor Frankl var en tysk psykiater,
07:47
who'd spent five years in a Nazi concentration camp.
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som tilbragte fem år i en nazistisk koncentrationslejr.
07:50
And he wrote that, while he was in the camp,
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Og mens han var i lejren, skrev han,
07:53
he could tell, should they ever be released,
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at han kunne se, hvis de nogensinde blev frigivet,
07:57
which of the people would be okay
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hvem der ville klare sig,
07:59
and which would not.
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og hvem der ikke ville klare sig.
08:01
And he wrote this:
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Og han skrev:
08:06
"Everything you have in life can be taken from you
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"Alt, hvad du har her i livet, kan tages fra dig
08:09
except one thing,
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med undtagelse af én ting:
08:11
your freedom to choose
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din frihed til at vælge
08:13
how you will respond
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hvordan du vil reagere
08:15
to the situation.
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i situationen.
08:17
This is what determines
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Det er det, der bestemmer
08:19
the quality of the life we've lived --
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kvaliteten af det liv, vi har levet --
08:21
not whether we've been rich or poor,
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ikke om hvorvidt vi har været rige eller fattige,
08:23
famous or unknown,
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kendte eller ukendte,
08:25
healthy or suffering.
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raske eller syge.
08:27
What determines our quality of life
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Det, der bestemmer vores livskvalitet,
08:30
is how we relate to these realities,
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er, hvordan vi relaterer til disse realiteter,
08:33
what kind of meaning we assign them,
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hvilken slags mening, vi tilskriver dem,
08:35
what kind of attitude we cling to about them,
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hvilken slags holdning vi fastholder til dem,
08:38
what state of mind we allow them to trigger."
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hvilken sindsstemning vi tillader, at de udløser."
08:42
Perhaps the central purpose of the third act
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Måske er formålet med tredje akt
08:45
is to go back and to try, if appropriate,
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at gå tilbage og prøve, hvis det er relevant,
08:49
to change our relationship
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at ændre vores forhold
08:51
to the past.
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til fortiden.
08:53
It turns out that cognitive research shows
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Kognitive undersøgelser har påvist,
08:56
when we are able to do this,
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at når vi er i stand til at gøre dette,
08:58
it manifests neurologically --
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manifesterer det sig neurologisk --
09:01
neural pathways are created in the brain.
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der skabes neurale forbindelser i hjernen.
09:04
You see, if you have, over time,
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Hvis man førhen har
09:06
reacted negatively to past events and people,
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reageret negativt på fortidens begivenheder og mennesker,
09:09
neural pathways are laid down
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er der blevet skabt neurale forbindelser
09:12
by chemical and electrical signals that are sent through the brain.
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af kemiske og elektriske signaler, der sendes igennem hjernen.
09:15
And over time, these neural pathways become hardwired,
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Og med tiden bliver disse forbindelser permanente,
09:18
they become the norm --
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de bliver normen --
09:20
even if it's bad for us
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selvom det ikke er godt for os,
09:22
because it causes us stress and anxiety.
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fordi de stresser os og gør os bange.
09:25
If however,
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Hvis vi derimod
09:27
we can go back and alter our relationship,
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kan gå tilbage og ændre vores forhold
09:31
re-vision our relationship
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re-visualisere vores forhold
09:33
to past people and events,
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til mennesker og begivenheder fra fortiden,
09:35
neural pathways can change.
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kan vi ændre de neurale forbindelser.
09:37
And if we can maintain
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Og hvis vi kan fastholde
09:39
the more positive feelings about the past,
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de mere positive følelser, vi har til fortiden,
09:42
that becomes the new norm.
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bliver det den nye norm.
09:44
It's like resetting a thermostat.
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Det er ligesom at nulstille en termostat.
09:47
It's not having experiences
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At have erfaringer er ikke det,
09:50
that make us wise,
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der gør os kloge,
09:53
it's reflecting on the experiences that we've had
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det er at reflektere over de erfaringer, vi har,
09:57
that makes us wise --
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der gør os kloge --
09:59
and that helps us become whole,
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og det hjælper os til at blive hele,
10:01
brings wisdom and authenticity.
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giver os visdom og ægthed.
10:03
It helps us become what we might have been.
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Det hjælper os til at blive det, vi kunne være blevet.
10:07
Women start off whole, don't we?
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Kvinder er hele fra begyndelsen, ikke?
10:09
I mean, as girls, we start off feisty -- "Yeah, who says?"
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Jeg mener, som piger er vi iltre -- "Du bestemmer ikke over mig."
10:12
We have agency.
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Vi er handlekraftige.
10:14
We are the subjects of our own lives.
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Vi er genstand for vores eget liv.
10:16
But very often,
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Men meget ofte
10:18
many, if not most of us, when we hit puberty,
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når mange af os, hvis ikke de fleste, rammer puberteten,
10:21
we start worrying about fitting in and being popular.
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så tænker vi over, om vi passer ind, og om vi er populære.
10:24
And we become the subjects and objects of other people's lives.
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Og vi bliver underkastet andre menneskers liv.
10:28
But now, in our third acts,
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Men nu her i vores tredje akt
10:31
it may be possible
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er det muligt
10:33
for us to circle back to where we started
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for os at vende tilbage til, hvor det hele begyndte,
10:36
and know it for the first time.
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og være bevidste om det for første gang.
10:38
And if we can do that,
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Og hvis vi kan gøre det,
10:41
it will not just be for ourselves.
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vil det ikke kun være for os selv.
10:44
Older women
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Ældre kvinder
10:46
are the largest demographic in the world.
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er den største demografiske gruppe i verden.
10:48
If we can go back and redefine ourselves
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Hvis vi kan gå tilbage og omdefinere os selv
10:51
and become whole,
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og blive hele,
10:53
this will create a cultural shift in the world,
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vil det skabe et kulturelt skift i verden,
10:58
and it will give an example to younger generations
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og det vil tjene som eksempel for yngre generationer,
11:01
so that they can reconceive their own lifespan.
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så de kan gen-forstå deres egen levetid.
11:04
Thank you very much.
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Mange tak.
11:06
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activistJane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.
Why you should listen
Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.
Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com