TEDxWomen 2011
Jane Fonda: Life's third act
简･方达：生命的第三幕
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这一代人的生命已经被延长了30年－这三十年并不仅仅是对生命的脚注或一种疾病。简･方达在TEDxWomen上提出了我们应当如何度过生命的这个新阶段。
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
There have been many revolutions
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上个世纪发生了很多种
00:17
over the last century,
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变革，
00:19
but perhaps none as significant
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但没有一个如同寿命的变革一样
00:21
as the longevity revolution.
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具有深远意义。
00:24
We are living on average today
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今天我们比曾祖父辈的平均寿命
00:26
34 years longer than our great-grandparents did.
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要长34年。
00:29
Think about that.
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试想一下。
00:31
That's an entire second adult lifetime
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这是在原先寿命上加上了
00:34
that's been added to our lifespan.
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整整第二个成年期的时间。
00:36
And yet, for the most part,
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但是，从很大程度上说，
00:38
our culture has not come to terms with what this means.
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我们的文化还没有与之相应地发展起来。
00:41
We're still living with the old paradigm
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我们对年龄的理解
00:44
of age as an arch.
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还是限于旧时的年龄拱形图。
00:46
That's the metaphor, the old metaphor.
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这是老比喻了。
00:48
You're born, you peak at midlife
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人从出生，到中年达到黄金期
00:50
and decline into decrepitude.
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再到衰老。
00:52
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
00:54
Age as pathology.
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年龄就是病理学。
00:56
But many people today --
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但是今天很多人－
00:58
philosophers, artists, doctors, scientists --
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哲人、艺术家、医生还有科学家－
01:01
are taking a new look at what I call the third act,
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都再重新审视我称之为的第三幕，
01:04
the last three decades of life.
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生命中的最后三十年。
01:07
They realize that this is actually a developmental stage of life
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他们意识到这实际是生命的一个发展阶段
01:12
with its own significance --
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有其自身意义－
01:14
as different from midlife
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它与中年不一样
01:17
as adolescence is from childhood.
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就如同青春期和童年不一样。
01:20
And they are asking -- we should all be asking --
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他们在探寻－我们都应该探寻－
01:23
how do we use this time?
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该怎样利用这些时间？
01:26
How do we live it successfully?
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怎么才能成功地度过这段时间？
01:28
What is the appropriate new metaphor
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什么才是对年老的
01:30
for aging?
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恰当比喻？
01:32
I've spent the last year researching and writing about this subject.
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过去的一年里我一直在研究这个主题并展开相关的写作。
01:35
And I have come to find
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我发现了一个更加
01:37
that a more appropriate metaphor for aging
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适合年老的比喻
01:41
is a staircase --
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就是楼梯－
01:43
the upward ascension of the human spirit,
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人类精神的升华，
01:47
bringing us into wisdom, wholeness
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引领我们走向智慧、完整
01:49
and authenticity.
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和真实。
01:51
Age not at all as pathology;
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年龄根本不是病理学；
01:53
age as potential.
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年龄是潜力。
01:55
And guess what?
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并且怎么样呢？
01:57
This potential is not for the lucky few.
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这种潜力并不专属于幸运的少数人。
01:59
It turns out,
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相反，
02:01
most people over 50
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很多超过五十岁的人
02:03
feel better, are less stressed,
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感觉更好，压力更小，
02:05
are less hostile, less anxious.
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感受到的敌意和焦虑更少。
02:07
We tend to see commonalities
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我们逐渐发现共同处
02:09
more than differences.
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多于差异处。
02:11
Some of the studies even say
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有些研究甚至表明
02:13
we're happier.
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我们更快乐
02:15
This is not what I expected, trust me.
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这不是我所预料的，真的。
02:17
I come from a long line of depressives.
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我的生活里有太多压抑。
02:20
As I was approaching my late 40s,
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当我快到五十岁的时候，
02:22
when I would wake up in the morning
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我每天早上醒过来
02:24
my first six thoughts would all be negative.
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我脑子里的头六个想法都是负面的。
02:26
And I got scared.
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我给吓坏了。
02:28
I thought, oh my gosh.
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我想，天哪。
02:30
I'm going to become a crotchety old lady.
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我将变成一个古怪无常的老太太。
02:32
But now that I am actually smack-dab in the middle of my own third act,
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而我现在正处于我的人生第三幕，
02:36
I realize I've never been happier.
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我意识到我从未有现在这么开心。
02:39
I have such a powerful feeling of well-being.
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我感觉过得十分安康得乐。
02:44
And I've discovered
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我发现了
02:46
that when you're inside oldness,
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相对于外表的衰老，
02:48
as opposed to looking at it from the outside,
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内心的老去，
02:50
fear subsides.
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恐惧会平息。
02:52
You realize, you're still yourself --
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我们自己还是那个自己－
02:54
maybe even more so.
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也许更多。
02:56
Picasso once said, "It takes a long time to become young."
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毕加索曾经说过：“要变年轻那可有得等。”
03:00
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:02
I don't want to romanticize aging.
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我不想美化衰老。
03:04
Obviously, there's no guarantee
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很显然没人能保证
03:06
that it can be a time of fruition and growth.
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会是个开花结果的过程。
03:08
Some of it is a matter of luck.
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有时候就是运气的事儿。
03:10
Some of it, obviously, is genetic.
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有时候是基因的事儿。
03:13
One third of it, in fact, is genetic.
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有三分之一，实际上，都是基因的关系。
03:15
And there isn't much we can do about that.
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而我们对此无能为力。
03:18
But that means that two-thirds
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但这意味着在生命的第三幕
03:20
of how well we do in the third act,
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对三分之二的人来说，
03:22
we can do something about.
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我们可以有所作为。
03:25
We're going to discuss what we can do
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以下我将就如何成功地度过
03:28
to make these added years really successful
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这些多出来的年头并使其有意义
03:31
and use them to make a difference.
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来讨论一下。
03:34
Now let me say something about the staircase,
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首先我先针对楼梯说两句，
03:36
which may seem like an odd metaphor for seniors
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这听上去象是个对老年人打的奇怪的比喻
03:40
given the fact that many seniors are challenged by stairs.
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而对于很多老年人来说，楼梯确实个挑战。
03:43
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:45
Myself included.
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我自己也是。
03:48
As you may know,
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众所周知，
03:50
the entire world operates on a universal law:
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整个世界有一个通行法则：
03:53
entropy, the second law of thermodynamics.
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熵，热力学的第二定律。
03:57
Entropy means that everything in the world, everything,
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熵意味着世界上的一切事物，
04:00
is in a state of decline and decay,
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都处于衰退中，
04:02
the arch.
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也就是拱形。
04:04
There's only one exception to this universal law,
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只有一个例外，
04:07
and that is the human spirit,
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这就是人文精神，
04:09
which can continue to evolve upwards --
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它是持续增长的－
04:12
the staircase --
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象楼梯一样－
04:14
bringing us into wholeness,
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引领我们到达完整，
04:16
authenticity and wisdom.
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真实和智慧。
04:19
And here's an example of what I mean.
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这有一个例子
04:21
This upward ascension
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这种升华
04:23
can happen even in the face of extreme physical challenges.
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就算是在身体面临极度挑战下也能发生。
04:27
About three years ago,
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大概三年前，
04:29
I read an article in the New York Times.
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我在《纽约时报》上读到一篇文章。
04:31
It was about a man named Neil Selinger --
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是关于一个名叫尼尔･西令戈尔的--
04:33
57 years old, a retired lawyer --
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57岁的退休律师--
04:36
who had joined the writers group at Sarah Lawrence
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他加入了萨拉劳伦斯的写作小组
04:39
where he found his writer's voice.
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在那里他找到了成为作家的感觉。
04:42
Two years later,
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两年后，
04:44
he was diagnosed with ALS, commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.
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他被诊断患有ALS，肌萎缩性侧索硬化症。
04:47
It's a terrible disease. It's fatal.
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这是个致命的可怕疾病。
04:50
It wastes the body, but the mind remains intact.
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它摧毁身体，但精神世界却保持完好。
04:54
In this article, Mr. Selinger wrote the following
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在这篇文章里，西令戈尔先生这样
04:57
to describe what was happening to him.
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描述他的故事。
05:00
And I quote,
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我引用，
05:03
"As my muscles weakened,
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“我的肌肉变的衰弱，
05:05
my writing became stronger.
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但写作能力却愈有力。
05:08
As I slowly lost my speech,
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我在慢慢地失去讲话的能力，
05:11
I gained my voice.
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但却获得了声音。
05:14
As I diminished, I grew.
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我在消亡，但又成长。
05:16
As I lost so much,
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我失去了很多，
05:18
I finally started to find myself."
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但却开始发现自我。”
05:22
Neil Selinger, to me,
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对我来说，尼尔･西令戈尔
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is the embodiment of mounting the staircase
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是攀登人生第三阶梯的
05:27
in his third act.
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具体体现。
05:30
Now we're all born with spirit, all of us,
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所有人的灵魂与生俱来，
05:32
but sometimes it gets tamped down
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但常常会受到生活中
05:35
beneath the challenges of life,
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各种困难的打击，
05:37
violence, abuse, neglect.
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比如暴力，虐待，无视。
05:40
Perhaps our parents suffered from depression.
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也许我们的父母正在受到抑郁症的困扰。
05:42
Perhaps they weren't able to love us
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或许他们不能在超出我们在这个世界的成就
05:44
beyond how we performed in the world.
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来爱我们。
05:48
Perhaps we still suffer
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或许我们心灵中的创伤
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from a psychic pain, a wound.
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仍在隐隐作痛。
05:52
Perhaps we feel that many of our relationships have not had closure.
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或许我们过往的感情很多是没有完结的故事。
05:56
And so we can feel unfinished.
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因此我们觉得不完整。
06:00
Perhaps the task of the third act
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也许人生第三幕的任务
06:03
is to finish up the task of finishing ourselves.
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就是完成这些未完成的事。
06:08
For me, it began as I was approaching my third act,
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我正在步入我的人生第三幕，
06:12
my 60th birthday.
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我的60岁生日。
06:14
How was I supposed to live it?
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我应该怎样度过？
06:16
What was I supposed to accomplish in this final act?
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怎样完成这最后一幕？
06:19
And I realized that, in order to know where I was going,
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我意识到，要知道往哪里去，
06:23
I had to know where I'd been.
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必须先明白我从哪里来。
06:25
And so I went back
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于是我就回过头
06:27
and I studied my first two acts,
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去探寻我人生的前两幕，
06:29
trying to see who I was then,
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去看看我曾是谁，
06:32
who I really was --
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正真的自己是什么样－
06:34
not who my parents or other people told me I was,
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这个自己不是我的父母或别人告诉我的，
06:37
or treated me like I was.
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或他们对待我的样子。
06:39
But who was I? Who were my parents --
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我是什么样的人？我的父母是什么样的－
06:41
not as parents, but as people?
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单纯从社会个体看他们的话？
06:44
Who were my grandparents?
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我的祖父母又是什么样？
06:46
How did they treat my parents?
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他们是怎样对待我的父母的？
06:48
These kinds of things.
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此类的问题。
06:51
I discovered a couple of years later
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几年后我才知道
06:54
that this process that I had gone through
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我所做的这个过程
06:57
is called by psychologists
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在心理学上叫做
06:59
"doing a life review."
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“生平回顾”。
07:01
And they say it can give new significance
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据说这能赋予一个人的生命
07:03
and clarity and meaning
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新的意义
07:05
to a person's life.
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并是其变得明晰。
07:07
You may discover, as I did,
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像我一样，也许你会发现，
07:10
that a lot of things that you used to think were your fault,
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很多你曾引以自咎的事，
07:13
a lot of things you used to think about yourself,
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很多无法放下的事，
07:16
really had nothing to do with you.
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都不是你的问题。
07:19
It wasn't your fault; you're just fine.
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错不在你。
07:22
And you're able to go back
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这样你就能
07:24
and forgive them
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原谅他们
07:26
and forgive yourself.
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也原谅自己。
07:28
You're able to free yourself
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把自己从过去的阴影中
07:31
from your past.
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释放出来。
07:33
You can work to change
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并尝试
07:35
your relationship to your past.
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改变对待自身过去的态度。
07:37
Now while I was writing about this,
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当我写下这些的时候，
07:39
I came upon a book called "Man's Search for Meaning"
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我想到了一本书《活出意义来》
07:42
by Viktor Frankl.
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维克多･弗兰克尔所著。
07:44
Viktor Frankl was a German psychiatrist
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他是名精神医师
07:47
who'd spent five years in a Nazi concentration camp.
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在纳粹集中营里被关过5年。
07:50
And he wrote that, while he was in the camp,
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在集中营里他写道，
07:53
he could tell, should they ever be released,
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他知道，如果他们被释放的话，
07:57
which of the people would be okay
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谁能平安度过
07:59
and which would not.
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谁则不能。
08:01
And he wrote this:
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他写道：
08:06
"Everything you have in life can be taken from you
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“生命中的一切都可能被剥夺
08:09
except one thing,
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只有一个例外，
08:11
your freedom to choose
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那就是你可以决定
08:13
how you will respond
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怎样去应对
08:15
to the situation.
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面临的处境。
08:17
This is what determines
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这一点决定了
08:19
the quality of the life we've lived --
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我们生命的质量－
08:21
not whether we've been rich or poor,
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不在于贫富，
08:23
famous or unknown,
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不在于名声，
08:25
healthy or suffering.
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也不在于健康与否。
08:27
What determines our quality of life
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决定生命质量的
08:30
is how we relate to these realities,
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是我们怎样面对现实，
08:33
what kind of meaning we assign them,
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我们对现实的认知，
08:35
what kind of attitude we cling to about them,
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面对现实的态度，
08:38
what state of mind we allow them to trigger."
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和我们由此生发的心境。”
08:42
Perhaps the central purpose of the third act
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也许生命第三幕的核心意义
08:45
is to go back and to try, if appropriate,
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就是回朔并尝试，
08:49
to change our relationship
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修正自身对
08:51
to the past.
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过去的认识。
08:53
It turns out that cognitive research shows
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有认知研究显示
08:56
when we are able to do this,
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当我们能做到这些时，
08:58
it manifests neurologically --
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这能在神经上反应出来－
09:01
neural pathways are created in the brain.
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它能在大脑里创建神经通路。
09:04
You see, if you have, over time,
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如果你长时间，
09:06
reacted negatively to past events and people,
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对过去或者别人持负面情绪，
09:09
neural pathways are laid down
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大脑中的化学信号和电信号
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by chemical and electrical signals that are sent through the brain.
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就会阻碍神经通路。
09:15
And over time, these neural pathways become hardwired,
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随着时间推移，这些神经通路就会固化，
09:18
they become the norm --
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最后就变成了模式－
09:20
even if it's bad for us
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这会给我们带来压力和焦虑
09:22
because it causes us stress and anxiety.
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对我们有害。
09:25
If however,
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但是
09:27
we can go back and alter our relationship,
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如果我们能回头修正对过去的看法
09:31
re-vision our relationship
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重建和自己过去的
09:33
to past people and events,
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关系，
09:35
neural pathways can change.
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神经通路可以被改变。
09:37
And if we can maintain
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如果我们能保持对过去
09:39
the more positive feelings about the past,
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持积极的态度，
09:42
that becomes the new norm.
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这就会成为新的模式。
09:44
It's like resetting a thermostat.
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这就像重新设置恒温器一样。
09:47
It's not having experiences
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这并不是去获得
09:50
that make us wise,
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使人智慧的体验，
09:53
it's reflecting on the experiences that we've had
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但是这反映出我们已经有了
09:57
that makes us wise --
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使自己变得智慧的体验－
09:59
and that helps us become whole,
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从而使我们达到完整，
10:01
brings wisdom and authenticity.
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得到智慧和真实。
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It helps us become what we might have been.
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这能帮我们实现曾经的理想。
10:07
Women start off whole, don't we?
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女性都是完整地开始的，对吧？
10:09
I mean, as girls, we start off feisty -- "Yeah, who says?"
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因为小女孩的时候我们都很强大--“是呀，谁说的？”
10:12
We have agency.
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我们精力旺盛。
10:14
We are the subjects of our own lives.
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我们是自己的主人。
10:16
But very often,
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但常常，
10:18
many, if not most of us, when we hit puberty,
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很多人，不是大多数人，达到青春期后，
10:21
we start worrying about fitting in and being popular.
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开始为形象和人气操心。
10:24
And we become the subjects and objects of other people's lives.
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为别人而生活。
10:28
But now, in our third acts,
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但现在，在生命的第三幕，
10:31
it may be possible
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我们也许有可能
10:33
for us to circle back to where we started
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回望过去
10:36
and know it for the first time.
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重新开始。
10:38
And if we can do that,
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如果我们能做到这一点，
10:41
it will not just be for ourselves.
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这不仅是对我们自己有益。
10:44
Older women
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老年女性
10:46
are the largest demographic in the world.
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是世界人口最大的一个组成。
10:48
If we can go back and redefine ourselves
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如果我们能回到过去重新定义自己
10:51
and become whole,
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变得完整，
10:53
this will create a cultural shift in the world,
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这将在全球创造新的文化变革，
10:58
and it will give an example to younger generations
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并给年轻一代树立榜样
11:01
so that they can reconceive their own lifespan.
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这样他们可以重新认知他们的生命。
11:04
Thank you very much.
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非常谢谢。
11:06
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activistJane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.
Why you should listen
Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.
Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com