Jeff Speck: 4 ways to make a city more walkable
Jeff Speck: Cuatro maneras de hacer una ciudad más peatonal
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about the walkable city.
sobre la ciudad peatonal.
is an optional instrument of freedom,
es instrumento opcional de libertad,
why we need the walkable city,
se necesita una ciudad peatonal,
how to do the walkable city.
are about why we need it,
son acerca del porqué se necesitan,
exactly a month ago,
hace un mes exactamente,
about how to do it.
sobre cómo se hace.
the general theory of walkability.
teoría general de la peatonalidad.
it's a little tongue-in-cheek,
I've thought about for a long time,
durante mucho tiempo,
what I think I've figured out.
lo que creo haber descubierto.
the typical American city --
is not Washington, DC,
Rapids or Memphis --
o Cedar Rapids o Memphis,
in which most people own cars
donde casi todos tienen auto
is to drive them all the time,
todo el tiempo,
then you have to offer a walk
una caminata que sea tan buena
four things simultaneously:
cosas al mismo tiempo:
of these things simultaneously,
todo esto simultáneamente,
mi charla el día de hoy,
is a story I learned from my mentors,
es una historia que aprendí
y Elizbeth Plater-Zyberk,
and half of my talk today
de mis diapositivas
of the planning profession.
de la profesión de la planeación.
people were choking
cuando la gente se asfixiaba
y diabólicas fábricas,
the housing away from the mills.
llevarse las casas lejos de las fábricas.
immediately, dramatically,
inmediata y drásticamente,
que desde entonces
that experience ever since.
de repetir esa experiencia.
of what we call Euclidian zoning,
Urbanismo Euclidiano,
into large areas of single use.
en grandes áreas de uso único.
in a city to do a plan,
para hacer un plan,
on the property that I'm looking at.
en la propiedad que mire.
near anything else.
is our most walkable city,
una ciudad más peatonal,
this is a Rothko,
él era puntillista,
he was the pointilist --
is a bit misleading
es un tanto erróneo
is uses that are mixed vertically.
está mezclado verticalmente.
of the New Urbanists --
nuevos urbanistas,
are only two ways
in the world and throughout history.
en el mundo a través del tiempo.
of Newburyport, Massachusetts,
de Newburyport, Massachusetts,
and being diverse --
ser tan compacto como diverso,
recreate, get educated --
comprar, divertirse, estudiar,
after the Second World War,
Segunda Guerra Mundial,
and it's not walkable,
ni diversa, ni peatonal,
become overburdened,
the aerial photographer,
fotógrafo aéreo,
that I'm showing you today.
que les estoy mostrando.
into its constituent parts.
suburbana en sus componentes.
the places where you only work,
los lugares donde solo se trabaja,
and further from each other.
y más entre ellas.
of the parking lot
tamaño del estacionamiento
has ever walked to this school,
jamás a esta escuela,
the freshmen and the sophomores,
llevan a los de primero,
the crash statistics to prove it.
para probarlo.
of our other civic institutions
otras instituciones públicas
in the Ft. Lauderdale area
el área de Ft. Lauderdale
and eight baseball diamonds
ocho de béisbol,
that takes you to that location,
conduce a ese lugar,
the soccer mom now.
la mamá futbolera.
campo de fútbol,
de tenis, y podía
because it was in my neighborhood.
estaban en mi vecindario.
that everyone forgot to count:
que todos olvidan mencionar:
from everything else
only with automotive infrastructure,
infraestructura automovilística,
begins to look like.
you can't start with the sprawl model.
seguir la expansión suburbana.
of that form of design,
tipo de diseño,
that a lot of Americans want.
estadounidenses quieren.
it's a two-part American dream.
un sueño americano de dos partes.
often to absurd extremes,
a veces absurdos extremos...
to accommodate cars first.
acomodar autos en primer lugar.
of being in these places --
estos lugares...
can be a bit of a nuisance,
can be a bit of a nuisance
have been showing for some time now,
esta imagen desde hace tiempo,
where you drive to the parking lot
hasta el estacionamiento
hasta la corredora,
haciendo algo mal.
of the New Urbanism now
del Nuevo Urbanismo
neighborhood contain the same things.
y el tradicional contienen lo mismo.
rather than a cul-de-sac
y no un camino cerrado
of being walkable,
in America's cities
ciudades estadounidenses,
we want the proper balance of uses.
in which most Americans live,
en la que casi todos viven,
you bring housing back,
among those things.
that shows up last and eventually
get older, have kids
envejecen, tienen hijos
get pretty good eventually.
mejores finalmente.
walkable neighborhood without it.
ciudad peatonal sin ello.
require transit,
necesitan del tránsito,
to the whole city as a pedestrian,
la ciudad como peatón,
around your needs,
a tus necesidades,
and the parking lots get bigger
y los estacionamientos crecen,
every transit trip,
walkability around our transit stations.
peatonalidad alrededor del tránsito.
is the safe walk.
es la seguridad.
expertos en peatonalidad.
experts talk about.
to get people to walk.
que se requiere para que la gente camine.
that add up to a walkable city.
necesitan en una ciudad peatonal.
famously walkable.
famosa por su peatonalidad.
it's almost like two different planets,
dos planetas diferentes,
you have a 200-foot block city,
is a six-lane city, and that's a problem.
lo cual es un problema.
en 24 ciudades en California--
of 24 California cities --
the number of fatal accidents
accidentes mortales
what I tell every audience I meet,
a todas mis audiencias,
about induced demand.
both to highways and to city streets.
carreteras y calles.
that when we widen the streets
que cuando se ensanchan las calles
that we're anticipating,
estamos anticipando,
that we're anticipating
it is principally that congestion
es principalmente esa congestión
that are ready to happen.
about when they commute,
sobre cuándo conmutar,
very quickly with traffic,
y se llenan de nuevo.
and they fill up again.
in congested systems,
en los sistemas congestionados
hardly an esoteric publication:
difícilmente desconocida:
usually makes traffic worse."
empeora el tráfico".
may I please meet some of these engineers,
me gustaría conocer a estos ingenieros,
that I'm working with now --
con quienes trabajo--.
one typically meets working in a city,
uno suele conocer en una ciudad,
is too crowded, we need to add a lane."
concurrida, agreguemos otro carril".
we needed that lane."
necesitábamos ese carril".
and to city streets if they're congested.
si están congestionadas.
about most American cities that I work in,
ciudades donde trabajo,
that are actually oversized
demasiado grandes
they're currently experiencing.
que actualmente experimentan.
to me, very upset,
bastante molesto,
in Prevention Magazine
declaró que era
in the entire country.
en todo el país.
to make a mayor do something about it.
el alcalde hiciera algo al respecto.
at the car counts on the street --
en el número de autos en la ciudad,
can handle 10,000 cars per day.
manejan 10 000 autos al día.
they're all near or under 10,000 cars,
todos por debajo de los 10 000 autos,
that were designated
de cuatro a seis carriles.
between the number of lanes
entre el número de carriles
that wanted to use them.
every street in the downtown
las calles del centro
no conducen a ningún lado
under construction,
se están construyendo,
you find room for medians.
estacionamiento en la calle.
of on-street parking.
where one didn't exist before.
para bicicletas que no existía.
that Oklahoma City has,
que la ciudad de Oklahoma tiene,
economy that's doing quite well.
like Cedar Rapids,
más a Cedar Rapids,
system, half one-way system.
la mitad de un sentido.
it's in process right now,
está en proceso,
system, half one-way
mitad en un sentido,
70 percent more on-street parking,
70 % de estacionamiento en calle,
robust bicycle network.
How wide are they?
such that, as Andrés Duany says,
como dice Andrés Duany,
to a subdivision in America
una subdivisión en EE. UU.
the curvature of the Earth.
outside of Washington from the 1960s.
de Washington en 1960.
at the width of the streets.
to such a degree
that wasn't draining properly,
porque no drenaba bien,
and take away half our sidewalk,
en calles más anchas.
but the citizens know it,
pero la gente lo sabe,
they fight for narrower streets.
luchan por calles más angostas.
estrechas en vecindarios residenciales.
in its residential neighborhood.
son más seguras.
in his project I'On,
proyecto "I'On",
his amazing 22-foot roads.
espectaculares calles de 7 metros.
very narrow rights of way,
muy estrechas,
that leads to destruction ...
conduce a la destrucción...
a la vida".
are the current revolution underway
una revolución en progreso
but the one thing I can say
pero debo decir
is a function of bicycle infrastructure.
depende de la infraestructura para estas.
from Nelson\Nygaard in Portland
de Nelson\Nygaard en Portland
del sistema de bicicleta de allá.
of the Portland bike commute.
"Was that bike to work day?"
"¿Era día de la bicicleta?".
money on bicycle infrastructure --
para bicicleta, como en Portland...
of bikers in it several times now
el número de ciclistas
like Long Beach, California:
como Long Beach, California:
based on the infrastructure.
gracias a la infraestructura.
Washington, D.C. ...
here in Washington, DC --
new bike lanes in Chicago,
de Rahm Emanuel en Chicago,
pulled off the curb,
junto a la cuneta,
cars and the curb --
los autos estacionados y la cuneta,
every lane is a bike lane,
son a la vez ciclovía,
that I met in Pasadena, so ...
conocí en Pasadena...
from moving vehicles.
peatones de los vehículos.
one side of the street, you can park,
en un lado uno puede estacionar,
del lado del estacionamiento.
slow cars down.
por los árboles.
are next to the road,
cuando hay árboles en la calle,
they slow down very quickly.
the curb return radius.
el radio de retorno.
how fast the car goes
para determinar cuán rápido van los autos
is objective journalism.
de periodismo objetivo.
is not inviting to pedestrians."
no es atractiva para peatones".
of the landscape is swoopy,
figuras geométricas,
para vehículos".
can be allowed to set the stage.
puede usarse en la escena.
of the hundred-year storm,
la tormenta del siglo,
subir la cuneta todos los días.
has to mount the curb every day.
has to do with the fact
se relaciona con que
prospect and refuge.
simultáneamente, perspectiva y refugio.
ver a nuestros predadores,
that our flanks are covered.
nuestros flancos protegidos.
that have good edges,
people won't want to be there.
la gente no querrá estar allí.
entre altura y anchura?
of height to width?
you're not very comfortable anymore.
pierde la comodidad.
can be perfectly delightful.
is the principal problem here.
es el problema aquí.
can be issues as well,
vacíos pueden ser un problema,
because of an outdated zoning code,
mal código de zonificación,
in your neighborhood.
le faltara la nariz.
el cual no se podía construir.
I couldn't build on that site.
is now changing its zoning
está cambiando la zonificación
to become sites like this.
se conviertan a sitios así.
para hacer algo así.
can be interesting to build,
ser interesante,
people generally like it.
usualmente le gusta.
than other people.
it's a great thing.
a very walkable city,
una ciudad muy peatonal,
best hotels together,
you have an exposed parking deck,
estacionamiento expuesto,
you have a conference facility
de conferencias
in admiration for that parking deck,
para admirar el estacionamiento,
Mayor of Charleston, South Carolina,
en su décimo mandato,
8 metros de construcción
25 feet of building
de estacionamiento.
It's in South Beach.
Está en South Beach.
que me encanta mostrar.
that I love to show.
It's in Columbus, Ohio.
Está en Columbus, Ohio.
neighborhood, full of pedestrians.
de convenciones, lleno de peatones.
neighborhood -- ethnic,
el vecindario Short North, étnico,
great shops, struggling.
tiendas, apuros.
because this was the bridge,
este era el puente,
from the convention center
el centro de convenciones
they added an extra 80 feet to the bridge.
le agregaron 24 metros al puente.
over the highway.
sobre la carretera.
1,9 millones de dólares,
has come back to life.
not the planning magazines,
no las revistas de urbanismo,
it's because of that bridge.
dicen los periódicos.
theory of walkability.
teoría general de la peatonalidad.
have most of them
con la mayoría,
in those places.
en esos lugares.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jeff Speck - Urban plannerJeff Speck is a city planner and the author of "Walkable City."
Why you should listen
Jeff Speck is a city planner and architectural designer who, through writing, lectures, and built work, advocates internationally for more walkable cities.
As Director of Design at the National Endowment for the Arts from 2003 through 2007, he oversaw the Mayors' Institute on City Design and created the Governors' Institute on Community Design, a federal program that helps state governors fight suburban sprawl. Prior to joining the Endowment, Speck spent ten years as Director of Town Planning at Duany Plater-Zyberk and Co., a leading practitioner of the New Urbanism, where he led or managed more than forty of the firm's projects.
Speck is the co-author of Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream as well as The Smart Growth Manual. His latest book, Walkable City -- which Christian Science Monitor calls "timely and important, a delightful, insightful, irreverent work" -- has been the best-selling city-planning title of this decade.
Jeff Speck | Speaker | TED.com