TEDWomen 2010
Sheryl Sandberg: Why we have too few women leaders
Sheryl Sandberg: Miks meil on liiga vähe naisjuhte
Filmed:
Readability: 2.9
10,007,379 views
Facebook'i operatiivjuht Sheryl Sandberg uurib, miks jõuab meestega võrreldes väiksem protsent naistest ametialaselt tipptasemeni, ja pakub kolm nõuannet naistele, et tippu jõuda.
Sheryl Sandberg - COO, Facebook
As the COO at the helm of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg juggles the tasks of monetizing the world’s largest social networking site while keeping its users happy and engaged. Full bio
As the COO at the helm of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg juggles the tasks of monetizing the world’s largest social networking site while keeping its users happy and engaged. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
So for any of us in this room today,
0
0
2000
Meie, kes me täna siin oleme,
00:17
let's start out by admitting we're lucky.
1
2000
3000
peame alustama tõdemusega, et meil on vedanud.
00:20
We don't live in the world
2
5000
2000
Meie ei ela maailmas,
00:22
our mothers lived in, our grandmothers lived in,
3
7000
2000
kus elasid meie emad või vanaemad,
00:24
where career choices for women were so limited.
4
9000
3000
kus naiste karjäärivõimalused olid väga piiratud.
00:27
And if you're in this room today,
5
12000
2000
Ja enamik siinviibijatest
00:29
most of us grew up in a world
6
14000
2000
kasvas üles maailmas,
00:31
where we had basic civil rights,
7
16000
3000
kus kehtisid põhilised kodanikuõigused,
00:34
and amazingly, we still live in a world
8
19000
2000
kuid ometi elame me maailmas,
00:36
where some women don't have them.
9
21000
2000
kus mõnel naisel neid õigusi pole.
00:38
But all that aside, we still have a problem,
10
23000
2000
Seda kõike kõrvale jättes
00:40
and it's a real problem.
11
25000
2000
on meil siiski tõeline probleem.
00:42
And the problem is this:
12
27000
2000
Probleem on järgmine:
00:44
Women are not making it
13
29000
2000
naised ei suuda jõuda
00:46
to the top of any profession
14
31000
2000
ametialaselt tipptasemeni
00:48
anywhere in the world.
15
33000
2000
ja nii on kõikjal maailmas.
00:50
The numbers tell the story quite clearly.
16
35000
2000
Arvud kõnelevad üsna selget keelt.
00:52
190 heads of state --
17
37000
2000
190 riigipeast
00:54
nine are women.
18
39000
2000
üheksa on naised.
00:56
Of all the people in parliament in the world,
19
41000
2000
Kõigist parlamendiliikmetest maailmas
00:58
13 percent are women.
20
43000
2000
on 13 protsenti naised.
01:00
In the corporate sector,
21
45000
2000
Ärisektoris
01:02
women at the top,
22
47000
2000
on naisi tipus,
01:04
C-level jobs, board seats --
23
49000
2000
ehk siis C-taseme töökohtadel ja nõukogudes,
01:06
tops out at 15, 16 percent.
24
51000
3000
umbes 15-16 protsenti.
01:09
The numbers have not moved since 2002
25
54000
2000
Need arvud ei ole muutunud 2002. aastast
01:11
and are going in the wrong direction.
26
56000
3000
ja tendents on vales suunas.
01:14
And even in the non-profit world,
27
59000
2000
Isegi mittetulundussektoris,
01:16
a world we sometimes think of
28
61000
2000
maailmas, mida meie meelest
01:18
as being led by more women,
29
63000
2000
juhivad pigem naised,
01:20
women at the top: 20 percent.
30
65000
2000
on naisi tipus 20 protsenti.
01:22
We also have another problem,
31
67000
2000
Meil on ka teine probleem:
01:24
which is that women face harder choices
32
69000
3000
naistel tuleb teha keerulisemaid valikuid
01:27
between professional success and personal fulfillment.
33
72000
3000
ametialase edu ja isiklike saavutuste vahel.
01:30
A recent study in the U.S.
34
75000
2000
Hiljutine uurimus USAs
01:32
showed that, of married senior managers,
35
77000
3000
näitas, et abielus olevatest keskastme juhtidest
01:35
two-thirds of the married men had children
36
80000
3000
olid lapsed kahel kolmandikul meestest
01:38
and only one-third of the married women had children.
37
83000
3000
ja ainult ühel kolmandikul naistest.
01:41
A couple of years ago, I was in New York,
38
86000
2000
Paar aastat tagasi olin New Yorgis
01:43
and I was pitching a deal,
39
88000
2000
pakkumist tegemas
01:45
and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices
40
90000
2000
sellises uhkes New Yorgi aktsionäride kontoris,
01:47
you can picture.
41
92000
2000
mida võite ette kujutada.
01:49
And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting --
42
94000
3000
Koosolek, millel viibisin, kestis umbes kolm tundi
01:52
and two hours in, there kind of needs to be that bio break,
43
97000
3000
ja kahe tunni möödudes sunnivad teatud vajadused pausi tegema.
01:55
and everyone stands up,
44
100000
2000
Kõik tõusevad püsti
01:57
and the partner running the meeting
45
102000
2000
ja koosolekut juhatav partner
01:59
starts looking really embarrassed.
46
104000
2000
muutub väga kohmetuks.
02:01
And I realized he doesn't know
47
106000
2000
Ma sain aru, et ta ei tea,
02:03
where the women's room is in his office.
48
108000
2000
kus asub nende kontoris naiste tualett.
02:05
So I start looking around for moving boxes,
49
110000
2000
Vaatasin ringi, et kas ma näen kolimiskaste,
02:07
figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any.
50
112000
3000
mõeldes, et küllap on nad siia alles kolinud, kuid ei näe ühtki.
02:10
And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?"
51
115000
3000
Küsisin: "Kas te alles kolisite siia?"
02:13
And he said, "No, we've been here about a year."
52
118000
3000
Ta vastas: "Ei, me oleme siin olnud umbes aasta."
02:16
And I said, "Are you telling me
53
121000
3000
Ma uurisin: "Kas te tahate öelda,
02:19
that I am the only woman
54
124000
2000
et ma olen ainuke naine,
02:21
to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?"
55
126000
3000
kes on käinud teile aasta jooksul oma pakkumist esitlemas?"
02:24
And he looked at me, and he said,
56
129000
2000
Ta vaatas mind ja ütles:
02:26
"Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."
57
131000
3000
"Jah. Või siis ainuke, kes on tahtnud tualetti minna."
02:29
(Laughter)
58
134000
2000
(Naer)
02:31
So the question is,
59
136000
2000
Nii et küsimus seisneb selles,
02:33
how are we going to fix this?
60
138000
3000
kuidas me saame asja parandada?
02:36
How do we change these numbers at the top?
61
141000
3000
Kuidas me neid arve ladvikus muudame?
02:39
How do we make this different?
62
144000
3000
Kuidas luua teistsugune olukord?
02:42
I want to start out by saying,
63
147000
2000
Soovin alustuseks öelda,
02:44
I talk about this --
64
149000
2000
et ma räägin
02:46
about keeping women in the workforce --
65
151000
2000
naiste hoidmisest tööturul,
02:48
because I really think that's the answer.
66
153000
2000
sest ma tõesti arvan, et seal peitubki vastus.
02:50
In the high-income part of our workforce,
67
155000
2000
Kui jutt käib suure sissetulekuga töökohtadest,
02:52
in the people who end up at the top --
68
157000
3000
inimestest, kes on tipus,
02:55
Fortune 500 CEO jobs,
69
160000
2000
tegevdirektorite edetabeli ametikohtadest
02:57
or the equivalent in other industries --
70
162000
3000
või samaväärsetest töökohtadest teistes valdkondades,
03:00
the problem, I am convinced,
71
165000
2000
seisneb probleem minu kindla veendumuse kohaselt selles,
03:02
is that women are dropping out.
72
167000
2000
et naised langevad välja.
03:04
Now people talk about this a lot,
73
169000
2000
Praegu räägitakse sellest üsna palju,
03:06
and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring
74
171000
2000
arutatakse paindliku tööaja ja mentorluse üle
03:08
and programs companies should have to train women.
75
173000
3000
ning programmide üle, mille abil tuleks firmades naisi koolitada.
03:11
I want to talk about none of that today,
76
176000
2000
Mina ei soovi täna ühestki neist rääkida,
03:13
even though that's all really important.
77
178000
2000
kuigi need kõik on olulised.
03:15
Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals.
78
180000
3000
Ma soovin juhtida tähelepanu asjadele, mida me saame inimestena teha.
03:18
What are the messages we need to tell ourselves?
79
183000
3000
Milliseid sõnumeid peame endale ütlema?
03:21
What are the messages we tell the women who work with and for us?
80
186000
3000
Milliseid sõnumeid ütleme naistele, kes töötavad meiega ja meie jaoks?
03:24
What are the messages we tell our daughters?
81
189000
2000
Milliseid sõnumeid ütleme oma tütardele?
03:26
Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear
82
191000
2000
Alustuseks soovin öelda väga selgelt,
03:28
that this speech comes with no judgments.
83
193000
3000
et see kõne ei soovi kedagi hukka mõista.
03:31
I don't have the right answer.
84
196000
2000
Mul ei ole õiget vastust.
03:33
I don't even have it for myself.
85
198000
2000
Mul ei ole seda isegi enda jaoks.
03:35
I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday,
86
200000
3000
Lahkusin San Fransiscost, kus ma elan, esmaspäeval,
03:38
and I was getting on the plane for this conference.
87
203000
2000
ja olin lennukile minemas, et tulla sellele konverentsile.
03:40
And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool,
88
205000
3000
Kui ma viisin oma kolmeaastase tütre lasteaeda,
03:43
did that whole hugging-the-leg,
89
208000
2000
tegi ta läbi kogu jala-küljes-rippumise saaga,
03:45
crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing.
90
210000
2000
nuttes, "Emme, ära mine lennukile."
03:47
This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes.
91
212000
3000
See on raske. Tunnen end vahel süüdi.
03:50
I know no women,
92
215000
2000
Ma ei tea ühtki naist,
03:52
whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce,
93
217000
2000
olgu nad kodus või tööl,
03:54
who don't feel that sometimes.
94
219000
2000
kes seda aeg-ajalt ei tunneks.
03:56
So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce
95
221000
3000
Niisiis, ma ei ütle, et tööturul aktiivne olemine
03:59
is the right thing for everyone.
96
224000
2000
on igaühe jaoks õige lahendus.
04:01
My talk today is about what the messages are
97
226000
3000
Minu tänane kõne räägib meie sõnumitest,
04:04
if you do want to stay in the workforce,
98
229000
2000
kui me tahame olla tööturul,
04:06
and I think there are three.
99
231000
2000
ja minu arvates on neid kolm.
04:08
One, sit at the table.
100
233000
3000
Esimene: istu laua äärde.
04:11
Two, make your partner a real partner.
101
236000
3000
Teine: tee oma partnerist tõeline partner.
04:14
And three, don't leave before you leave.
102
239000
4000
Ja kolmas: ära lahku enne, kui sa lahkud.
04:18
Number one: sit at the table.
103
243000
2000
Number üks: istu laua äärde.
04:20
Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook,
104
245000
2000
Mõned aastat tagasi käis meil Facebookis külas
04:22
we hosted a very senior government official,
105
247000
3000
kõrgem valitsusametnik,
04:25
and he came in to meet with senior execs
106
250000
2000
kes tuli kohtuma mitmete keskastme juhtidega
04:27
from around Silicon Valley.
107
252000
3000
üle Silicon Valley.
04:30
And everyone kind of sat at the table.
108
255000
2000
Ja kõik istusid laua ääres.
04:32
And then he had these two women who were traveling with him
109
257000
3000
Kohal oli ka kaks naisterahvast, kes reisisid temaga koos,
04:35
who were pretty senior in his department,
110
260000
2000
mõlemad samuti üsna kõrgel positsioonil tema osakonnas,
04:37
and I kind of said to them, "Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table,"
111
262000
3000
ning ma ütlesin neile: "Tulge, istuge laua äärde."
04:40
and they sat on the side of the room.
112
265000
3000
Kuid nemad istusid seina ääres.
04:43
When I was in college my senior year,
113
268000
2000
Ülikooli viimasel kursusel
04:45
I took a course called European Intellectual History.
114
270000
3000
kuulasin loengusarja Euroopa intellektuaalsest ajaloost.
04:48
Don't you love that kind of thing from college?
115
273000
2000
Küll sellised asjad olid ülikoolis toredad!
04:50
I wish I could do that now.
116
275000
2000
Tahaks neid praegugi teha.
04:52
And I took it with my roommate, Carrie,
117
277000
2000
Käisime neist loengutes koos toakaaslase Carriega,
04:54
who was then a brilliant literary student --
118
279000
2000
kes oli sel ajal andekas kirjandustudeng
04:56
and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar --
119
281000
2000
ja sai hiljem andekaks kirjandusteadlaseks,
04:58
and my brother --
120
283000
2000
ja minu vennaga, kes oli
05:00
smart guy, but a water-polo-playing pre-med,
121
285000
2000
tark poiss, kuid veepalli mängiv arstitudeng,
05:02
who was a sophomore.
122
287000
2000
esimesel kursusel.
05:04
The three of us take this class together.
123
289000
2000
Käisime neil loengutel kolmekesi koos.
05:06
And then Carrie reads all the books
124
291000
2000
Carrie luges kõik raamatud läbi
05:08
in the original Greek and Latin,
125
293000
2000
originaalis, kreeka ja ladina keeles,
05:10
goes to all the lectures.
126
295000
2000
ja käis kõigis loengutes kohal.
05:12
I read all the books in English
127
297000
2000
Mina lugesin raamatud läbi inglise keeles
05:14
and go to most of the lectures.
128
299000
2000
ja käisin enamikus loengutest.
05:16
My brother is kind of busy.
129
301000
2000
Mu vend oli väga hõivatud.
05:18
He reads one book of 12
130
303000
2000
Ta luges ühe raamatu kaheteistkümnest
05:20
and goes to a couple of lectures,
131
305000
2000
ja käis paaris loengus,
05:22
marches himself up to our room
132
307000
2000
kuid paar päeva enne eksamit
05:24
a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored.
133
309000
3000
saabus meie tuppa, et me teda aitaksime.
05:27
The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down.
134
312000
3000
Läksime kolmekesi eksamile ja võtsime istet.
05:30
And we sit there for three hours --
135
315000
2000
Istusime seal kolm tundi
05:32
and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old.
136
317000
3000
koos oma väikeste siniste vihikutega - jah, ma olen nii vana.
05:35
And we walk out, and we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?"
137
320000
3000
Pärast eksamit küsime üksteiselt: "Kuidas läks?"
05:38
And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point
138
323000
3000
Carrie lausus: "Ma kardan, et ma ei suutnud sõnastada seda,
05:41
on the Hegelian dialectic."
139
326000
2000
mis on Hegeli dialektika juures peamine."
05:43
And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected
140
328000
3000
Mina ütlesin: "Kui ma vaid oleksin suutnud seostada
05:46
John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers who follow."
141
331000
3000
John Locke'i varade teooriat hilisemate filosoofide seisukohtadega."
05:49
And my brother says,
142
334000
2000
Ja mu vend ütles:
05:51
"I got the top grade in the class."
143
336000
3000
"Ma sain klassi parima hinde."
05:55
"You got the top grade in the class?
144
340000
2000
"Sa said klassi parima hinde?
05:57
You don't know anything."
145
342000
3000
Sa ei tea ju midagi."
06:00
The problem with these stories
146
345000
2000
Selliste lugude iva seisneb selles,
06:02
is that they show what the data shows:
147
347000
3000
et nad näitavad sama, mida uuringudki:
06:05
women systematically underestimate their own abilities.
148
350000
3000
naised alahindavad süstemaatiliselt iseenda võimeid.
06:08
If you test men and women,
149
353000
2000
Kui te testite mehi ja naisi
06:10
and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs,
150
355000
3000
ja küsite neilt objektiivsete kriteeriumite alusel,
06:13
men get it wrong slightly high,
151
358000
2000
siis mehed eksivad üsna palju
06:15
and women get it wrong slightly low.
152
360000
3000
ning naised eksivad üsna vähe.
06:18
Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce.
153
363000
3000
Naised ei kauple endale tööturul hüvesid.
06:21
A study in the last two years
154
366000
2000
Kahe viimase aasta jooksul tehtud uuring,
06:23
of people entering the workforce out of college
155
368000
2000
kus uuriti inimesi, kes jõudsid pärast kõrgkooli tööturule,
06:25
showed that 57 percent of boys entering,
156
370000
3000
näitas, et 57 protsenti poistest,
06:28
or men, I guess,
157
373000
2000
või tegelikult meestest,
06:30
are negotiating their first salary,
158
375000
2000
kauplevad oma esimese töötasu üle,
06:32
and only seven percent of women.
159
377000
3000
kuid sama teeb ainult seitse protsenti naistest.
06:35
And most importantly,
160
380000
2000
Mis veelgi olulisem,
06:37
men attribute their success to themselves,
161
382000
3000
mehed omistavad oma edu iseendale
06:40
and women attribute it to other external factors.
162
385000
3000
ja naised omistavad selle välistele teguritele.
06:43
If you ask men why they did a good job,
163
388000
2000
Kui te küsite meestelt, miks nad said hea tulemuse,
06:45
they'll say, "I'm awesome.
164
390000
3000
vastavad nad: "Ma olen kõva tegija.
06:48
Obviously. Why are you even asking?"
165
393000
3000
Loomulikult. Miks sa seda küsid üldse?"
06:51
If you ask women why they did a good job,
166
396000
2000
Kui te küsite naistelt, miks nad said hea tulemuse,
06:53
what they'll say is someone helped them,
167
398000
2000
siis nad vastavad, et keegi aitas neid,
06:55
they got lucky, they worked really hard.
168
400000
2000
neil oli õnne või et nad nägid kõvasti vaeva.
06:57
Why does this matter?
169
402000
2000
Mis sellest sõltub?
06:59
Boy, it matters a lot
170
404000
2000
Sellest sõltub palju,
07:01
because no one gets to the corner office
171
406000
3000
sest mitte keegi ei jõua tippu,
07:04
by sitting on the side, not at the table,
172
409000
2000
istudes seina ja mitte laua ääres,
07:06
and no one gets the promotion
173
411000
2000
ja mitte keegi ei saa ametikõrgendust,
07:08
if they don't think they deserve their success,
174
413000
3000
kui ta ise ei arva, et ta on selle välja teeninud
07:11
or they don't even understand their own success.
175
416000
3000
või kui ta isegi ei saa aru omaenda edust.
07:14
I wish the answer were easy.
176
419000
2000
Ma tahaksin, et vastus oleks lihtne.
07:16
I wish I could just go tell all the young women I work for,
177
421000
2000
Ma sooviksin, et saaksin öelda naistele, kellega koos ma töötan,
07:18
all these fabulous women,
178
423000
2000
kõigile neile toredatele naistele:
07:20
"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself.
179
425000
2000
"Uskuge endasse ja kaubelge enda kasuks.
07:22
Own your own success."
180
427000
2000
Olge oma edu omanikud."
07:24
I wish I could tell that to my daughter.
181
429000
3000
Ma sooviksin seda öelda oma tütrele.
07:27
But it's not that simple.
182
432000
2000
Kuid see ei ole nii lihtne.
07:29
Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing,
183
434000
3000
Sest uuringud näitavad seda,
07:32
which is that success and likeability
184
437000
2000
et edu ja meeldivus
07:34
are positively correlated for men
185
439000
3000
on meeste puhul positiivses korrelatsioonis
07:37
and negatively correlated for women.
186
442000
2000
ja naiste puhul negatiivses.
07:39
And everyone's nodding,
187
444000
2000
Ja kõik noogutavad,
07:41
because we all know this to be true.
188
446000
2000
sest me teame, et see on tõsi.
07:43
There's a really good study that shows this really well.
189
448000
3000
Üks hea uuring näitab seda väga kenasti.
07:46
There's a famous Harvard Business School study
190
451000
2000
Harvardi Ärikooli uuring
07:48
on a woman named Heidi Roizen.
191
453000
2000
naisest, kelle nimi oli Heidi Roizen.
07:50
And she's an operator in a company
192
455000
2000
Ta töötab ühes firmas
07:52
in Silicon Valley,
193
457000
2000
Silicon Valley's
07:54
and she uses her contacts
194
459000
2000
ja kasutab oma kontakte,
07:56
to become a very successful venture capitalist.
195
461000
3000
et saada edukaks ettevõtjaks.
07:59
In 2002 -- not so long ago --
196
464000
2000
2002. aastal - mitte väga kaua aega tagasi -
08:01
a professor who was then at Columbia University
197
466000
2000
muutis üks toonane Columbia Ülikooli professor
08:03
took that case and made it Howard Roizen.
198
468000
3000
selles näites tema nime Howard Roizeniks.
08:06
And he gave the case out, both of them,
199
471000
2000
Ja ta esitas mõlemad variandid
08:08
to two groups of students.
200
473000
2000
kahele tudengite grupile.
08:10
He changed exactly one word:
201
475000
2000
Ta muutis ära vaid ühe sõna:
08:12
"Heidi" to "Howard."
202
477000
2000
Heidist sai Howard.
08:14
But that one word made a really big difference.
203
479000
3000
Kuid see üks sõna tõi välja suure erinevuse.
08:17
He then surveyed the students,
204
482000
2000
Ta küsitles tudengeid
08:19
and the good news was the students, both men and women,
205
484000
3000
ja hea uudis on see, et tudengid, nii mehed kui naised,
08:22
thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent,
206
487000
2000
arvasid, et Heidi ja Howard on võrdselt kompetentsed
08:24
and that's good.
207
489000
2000
mis on hea.
08:26
The bad news was that everyone liked Howard.
208
491000
2000
Halb uudis on, et kõigile meeldis Howard.
08:28
He's a great guy. You want to work for him.
209
493000
2000
Ta tundub olevat tore mees. Sa soovid tema heaks töötada.
08:30
You want to spend the day fishing with him.
210
495000
2000
Sa soovid minna koos temaga kalale.
08:32
But Heidi? Not so sure.
211
497000
2000
Kuid Heidi? Pole nii kindel.
08:34
She's a little out for herself. She's a little political.
212
499000
3000
Ta on liiga esiletükkiv. Ta on liiga poliitiliselt meelestatud.
08:37
You're not sure you'd want to work for her.
213
502000
3000
Sa ei ole kindel, kas soovid tema heaks töötada.
08:40
This is the complication.
214
505000
2000
See on keeruline.
08:42
We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues,
215
507000
2000
Meil tuleb öelda oma tütardele ja kaastöötajatele,
08:44
we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A,
216
509000
2000
meile endile, et me peame uskuma, et me võime
08:46
to reach for the promotion,
217
511000
2000
jõuda ametikõrgenduseni,
08:48
to sit at the table,
218
513000
2000
istuda laua ääres
08:50
and we have to do it in a world
219
515000
2000
ja meil tuleb teha seda maailmas,
08:52
where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that,
220
517000
3000
kus naised peavad tooma selle jaoks ohvreid,
08:55
even though for their brothers, there are not.
221
520000
3000
aga nende vennad ei pea.
08:59
The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this.
222
524000
3000
Kõige kurvem on, et seda on väga raske meeles pidada.
09:02
And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me,
223
527000
3000
Räägin teile loo, mis on minu jaoks tõesti piinlik,
09:05
but I think important.
224
530000
2000
kuid väga oluline.
09:07
I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago
225
532000
3000
Kõnelesin sel teemal hiljuti Facebookis
09:10
to about 100 employees,
226
535000
2000
umbes sajale töötajale
09:12
and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there
227
537000
3000
ja mõni tund hiljem tuli üks noor naine,
09:15
sitting outside my little desk,
228
540000
2000
kes meil töötab,
09:17
and she wanted to talk to me.
229
542000
2000
ja soovis minuga kõnelda.
09:19
I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked.
230
544000
2000
Ma nõustusin, ta võttis istet ja me vestlesime.
09:21
And she said, "I learned something today.
231
546000
2000
Ta ütles: "Ma sain täna millestki aru.
09:23
I learned that I need to keep my hand up."
232
548000
2000
Ma sain aru, et pean oma kätt püsti hoidma."
09:25
I said, "What do you mean?"
233
550000
2000
Ma küsisin: "Mida sa täpsemalt mõtled?"
09:27
She said, "Well, you're giving this talk,
234
552000
2000
Ta vastas: "Te pidasite kõnet
09:29
and you said you were going to take two more questions.
235
554000
2000
ja ütlesite, et vastate veel kahele küsimusele.
09:31
And I had my hand up with lots of other people, and you took two more questions.
236
556000
3000
Tõstsin koos paljude teistega käe ja te vastasitegi veel kahele küsimusele.
09:34
And I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women put their hand down,
237
559000
3000
Mina lasin oma käe alla ja märkasin, et kõik teised naised tegid sama,
09:37
and then you took more questions,
238
562000
2000
aga pärast seda vastasite te siiski veel mõnele küsimusele,
09:39
only from the men."
239
564000
2000
ja neid esitasid ainult mehed."
09:41
And I thought to myself,
240
566000
2000
Ja ma mõtlesin, et
09:43
wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously --
241
568000
3000
kui mina, kes ma ilmselgelt hoolin sellest teemast,
09:46
giving this talk --
242
571000
2000
pean kõnet
09:48
and during this talk, I can't even notice
243
573000
3000
ja sel ajal isegi ei märka,
09:51
that the men's hands are still raised,
244
576000
3000
et meeste käed on ikka veel üleval
09:54
and the women's hands are still raised,
245
579000
2000
ja ka naiste käed on üleval,
09:56
how good are we
246
581000
2000
siis kui osavad oleme me
09:58
as managers of our companies and our organizations
247
583000
2000
oma firmade või organisatsioonide juhtidena
10:00
at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunities
248
585000
2000
märkama, et mehed otsivad rohkem võimalusi
10:02
more than women?
249
587000
2000
kui naised?
10:04
We've got to get women to sit at the table.
250
589000
3000
Me peame saama naised laua äärde istuma.
10:07
(Applause)
251
592000
3000
(Aplaus)
10:10
Message number two:
252
595000
2000
Sõnum number kaks:
10:12
make your partner a real partner.
253
597000
2000
tee oma partnerist tõeline partner.
10:14
I've become convinced that we've made more progress in the workforce
254
599000
3000
Olen veendunud, et me oleme saavutanud enamat tööturul
10:17
than we have in the home.
255
602000
2000
kui kodudes.
10:19
The data shows this very clearly.
256
604000
3000
Ka uuringud näitavad seda selgelt.
10:22
If a woman and a man work full-time
257
607000
2000
Kui naine ja mees töötavad täisajaga
10:24
and have a child,
258
609000
2000
ja neil on laps,
10:26
the woman does twice the amount of housework the man does,
259
611000
3000
siis teeb naine kaks korda rohkem majapidamistöid kui mees
10:29
and the woman does three times
260
614000
2000
ja hoolitseb laste eest
10:31
the amount of childcare the man does.
261
616000
3000
kolm korda rohkem kui mees.
10:34
So she's got three jobs or two jobs,
262
619000
2000
Nii on naisel kolm või kaks töökohta,
10:36
and he's got one.
263
621000
2000
samas kui mehel on vaid üks.
10:38
Who do you think drops out when someone needs to be home more?
264
623000
3000
Kes teie arvates tööst loobub, kui keegi peab olema rohkem kodus?
10:41
The causes of this are really complicated,
265
626000
2000
Põhjused selleks on üsna keerulised
10:43
and I don't have time to go into them.
266
628000
2000
ja mul ei ole aega nendesse siin süveneda.
10:45
And I don't think Sunday football-watching
267
630000
2000
Ja ma ei arva, et pühapäevane jalgpalli vaatamine
10:47
and general laziness is the cause.
268
632000
2000
või üldine laiskus oleksid siin põhjusteks.
10:49
I think the cause is more complicated.
269
634000
2000
Ma arvan, et need põhjused on keerukamad.
10:51
I think, as a society,
270
636000
2000
Usun, et ühiskonnana
10:53
we put more pressure on our boys to succeed
271
638000
2000
avaldame me poistele rohkem survet edu saavutada
10:55
than we do on our girls.
272
640000
2000
kui tüdrukutele.
10:57
I know men that stay home
273
642000
2000
Tean mehi, kes jäävad koju
10:59
and work in the home to support wives with careers,
274
644000
2000
ja teevad kodus tööd, et toetada naise karjääri,
11:01
and it's hard.
275
646000
2000
ja see on raske.
11:03
When I go to the Mommy-and-Me stuff
276
648000
2000
Kui ma käin beebikoolis
11:05
and I see the father there,
277
650000
2000
ja näen seal isasid,
11:07
I notice that the other mommies
278
652000
2000
siis märkan, et teised emad
11:09
don't play with him.
279
654000
2000
ei mängi nendega.
11:11
And that's a problem,
280
656000
2000
Ja see on probleem,
11:13
because we have to make it as important a job,
281
658000
3000
sest me peame muutma selle sama oluliseks tööks,
11:16
because it's the hardest job in the world to work inside the home,
282
661000
3000
kuna kodus töötada on kõige raskem töö maailmas
11:19
for people of both genders,
283
664000
2000
ja seda mõlema soo jaoks,
11:21
if we're going to even things out and let women stay in the workforce.
284
666000
3000
kui me soovime asjade käiku võrdsustada ja lasta naistel jääda tööturule.
11:24
(Applause)
285
669000
2000
(Aplaus)
11:26
Studies show that households with equal earning
286
671000
2000
Uuringud näitavad, et leibkondades, kus mehel ja naisel on võrdne sissetulek
11:28
and equal responsibility
287
673000
2000
ja võrdne vastutusekoorem,
11:30
also have half the divorce rate.
288
675000
2000
on ka poole vähem lahutusi.
11:32
And if that wasn't good enough motivation for everyone out there,
289
677000
3000
Ja kui see ei ole piisavalt hea motivaator,
11:35
they also have more --
290
680000
2000
siis neid leidub veel ...
11:37
how shall I say this on this stage? --
291
682000
2000
kuidas seda nüüd lavalt öelda? ...
11:39
they know each other more in the biblical sense as well.
292
684000
3000
sellised paarid kohtuvad ka voodis sagedamini.
11:42
(Cheers)
293
687000
2000
(Naer)
11:44
Message number three:
294
689000
2000
Sõnum number kolm:
11:46
don't leave before you leave.
295
691000
2000
ära lahku enne, kui sa lahkud.
11:48
I think there's a really deep irony
296
693000
2000
Ma arvan, et selles on sügavat irooniat,
11:50
to the fact that actions women are taking --
297
695000
2000
et naised planeerivad igasuguseid tegevusi -
11:52
and I see this all the time --
298
697000
2000
muuseas, ma näen seda alatasa -
11:54
with the objective of staying in the workforce
299
699000
3000
eesmärgiga jääda tööturule,
11:57
actually lead to their eventually leaving.
300
702000
2000
aga lõpuks viivad need hoopis lahkumisele.
11:59
Here's what happens:
301
704000
2000
See juhtub nii.
12:01
We're all busy. Everyone's busy. A woman's busy.
302
706000
2000
Me on kiire. Kõigil on. Naisel ka.
12:03
And she starts thinking about having a child,
303
708000
3000
Ta asub mõtlema lapsesaamisele
12:06
and from the moment she starts thinking about having a child,
304
711000
3000
ja alates sellest hetkest, kui ta selle peale mõtleb,
12:09
she starts thinking about making room for that child.
305
714000
2000
asub ta sellele lapsele ruumi tegema.
12:11
"How am I going to fit this into everything else I'm doing?"
306
716000
3000
"Kuidas see sobitub kõige muuga, mida ma praegu teen?"
12:15
And literally from that moment,
307
720000
2000
Sellest hetkest alates ta sõna otseses mõttes
12:17
she doesn't raise her hand anymore,
308
722000
3000
ta ei tõsta enam kätt,
12:20
she doesn't look for a promotion, she doesn't take on the new project,
309
725000
3000
ta ei oota ametikõrgendust, ta ei võta uusi projekte,
12:23
she doesn't say, "Me. I want to do that."
310
728000
2000
ta ei ütle: "Ma võin selle ära teha."
12:25
She starts leaning back.
311
730000
2000
Ta tõmbub tagasi.
12:27
The problem is that --
312
732000
2000
Probleem on selles ...
12:29
let's say she got pregnant that day, that day --
313
734000
3000
ütleme, et ta jäi lapseootele sel päeval,
12:32
nine months of pregnancy, three months of maternity leave,
314
737000
3000
seejärel üheksa kuud rasedust, kolm kuud emapuhkust,
12:35
six months to catch your breath --
315
740000
2000
kuus kuud, et hinge tõmmata ...
12:37
fast-forward two years,
316
742000
2000
kerige kiirelt edasi kaks aastat.
12:39
more often -- and as I've seen it --
317
744000
2000
Sagedamini juhtub - nagu ma olen näinud -
12:41
women start thinking about this way earlier --
318
746000
2000
et naised alustavad selle mõtlemisega palju varem,
12:43
when they get engaged, when they get married,
319
748000
2000
isegi enne seda, kui nad kihluvad või abielluvad
12:45
when they start thinking about trying to have a child, which can take a long time.
320
750000
3000
või hakkavad mõtlema lapsesaamisele, mis võib kaua aega võtta.
12:48
One woman came to see me about this,
321
753000
2000
Üks neiu tuli minu juurde selle jutuga
12:50
and I kind of looked at her -- she looked a little young.
322
755000
2000
ja ma vaatasin talle otsa - ta tundus väga noor.
12:52
And I said, "So are you and your husband thinking about having a baby?"
323
757000
3000
Ma küsisin: "Kas sina ja su abikaasa mõtlete lapsesaamisele?"
12:55
And she said, "Oh no, I'm not married."
324
760000
3000
Ta vastas: "Ei, ma ei ole abielus."
12:58
She didn't even have a boyfriend.
325
763000
2000
Tal ei olnud isegi püsisuhet.
13:00
I said, "You're thinking about this
326
765000
2000
Ma ütlesin: "Sa mõtled sellele kõigele
13:02
just way too early."
327
767000
2000
lihtsalt liiga vara."
13:04
But the point is that what happens
328
769000
3000
Aga asi on selles - mis juhtub,
13:07
once you start kind of quietly leaning back?
329
772000
3000
kui sa asud vaikselt tagasi tõmbuma?
13:10
Everyone who's been through this --
330
775000
2000
Igaüks, kes on selle läbi teinud ...
13:12
and I'm here to tell you, once you have a child at home,
331
777000
3000
ja ma võin öelda, et kui sul on laps kodus,
13:15
your job better be really good to go back,
332
780000
2000
siis peab sul olema väga hea töö, et sa tahaksid tööle tagasi minna,
13:17
because it's hard to leave that kid at home --
333
782000
2000
sest last koju jätta on väga raske ...
13:19
your job needs to be challenging.
334
784000
2000
su töö peab pakkuma sulle väljakutset.
13:21
It needs to be rewarding.
335
786000
2000
See peab ennast ära tasuma.
13:23
You need to feel like you're making a difference.
336
788000
3000
Sa pead tundma, et sinust sõltub midagi.
13:26
And if two years ago you didn't take a promotion
337
791000
3000
Ja kui kaks aastat tagasi ei võtnud sa ametikõrgendust vastu,
13:29
and some guy next to you did,
338
794000
2000
aga mingi mees su kõrval võttis,
13:31
if three years ago
339
796000
2000
kui kolm aastat tagasi
13:33
you stopped looking for new opportunities,
340
798000
2000
loobusid sa uute võimaluste otsimisest,
13:35
you're going to be bored
341
800000
2000
siis saab sul olema igav,
13:37
because you should have kept your foot on the gas pedal.
342
802000
3000
sest sa oleksid pidanud hoidma jalga gaasipedaalil.
13:40
Don't leave before you leave.
343
805000
2000
Nii et ära lahku enne, kui sa lahkud.
13:42
Stay in.
344
807000
2000
Jää püsima.
13:44
Keep your foot on the gas pedal,
345
809000
2000
Hoia oma jalga gaasipedaalil
13:46
until the very day you need to leave
346
811000
2000
kuni viimase päevani, kui sa tõesti pead lahkuma,
13:48
to take a break for a child --
347
813000
2000
et teha paus lapse heaks -
13:50
and then make your decisions.
348
815000
2000
alles siis tee oma otsused.
13:52
Don't make decisions too far in advance,
349
817000
3000
Ära tee otsuseid liiga kaua aega ette,
13:55
particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.
350
820000
3000
eriti neid, mille tegemisest sa isegi teadlik ei ole.
13:59
My generation really, sadly,
351
824000
2000
Minu põlvkond ei suuda kahjuks
14:01
is not going to change the numbers at the top.
352
826000
2000
muuta tippjuhtide suhtarvu.
14:03
They're just not moving.
353
828000
2000
See lihtsalt ei muutu.
14:05
We are not going to get to where 50 percent of the population --
354
830000
3000
Me ei jõua sinnamaale, et minu põlvkonnast
14:08
in my generation, there will not be 50 percent of [women]
355
833000
3000
kuuluks iga valdkonna tippjuhtide hulka 50 protsenti rahvastikust,
14:11
at the top of any industry.
356
836000
2000
ehk siis 50 protsenti oleksid naised.
14:13
But I'm hopeful that future generations can.
357
838000
3000
Aga ma loodan, et tulevaste põlvkondade puhul on see võimalik.
14:17
I think a world that was run
358
842000
2000
Ma arvan, et maailm,
14:19
where half of our countries and half of our companies
359
844000
2000
kus pool riikidest ja pool firmadest
14:21
were run by women, would be a better world.
360
846000
3000
on naiste poolt juhitud, võiks olla parem maailm.
14:24
And it's not just because people would know where the women's bathrooms are,
361
849000
3000
Ja mitte ainult sellepärast, et inimesed teaksid, kus on naiste tualetid,
14:27
even though that would be very helpful.
362
852000
3000
kuigi seegi oleks kasulik.
14:30
I think it would be a better world.
363
855000
2000
Ma usun, et see oleks parem maailm.
14:32
I have two children.
364
857000
2000
Mul on kaks last.
14:34
I have a five-year-old son and a two-year-old daughter.
365
859000
3000
Viieaastane poeg ja kaheaastane tütar.
14:37
I want my son to have a choice
366
862000
2000
Ma soovin, et mu pojal oleks valik,
14:39
to contribute fully in the workforce or at home,
367
864000
3000
kas aidata täiskohaga kaasa tööturul või kodus,
14:42
and I want my daughter to have the choice
368
867000
2000
ja et mu tütrel oleks valik
14:44
to not just succeed,
369
869000
2000
mitte ainult edu saavutada,
14:46
but to be liked for her accomplishments.
370
871000
2000
vaid ka meeldida inimestele tänu oma saavutustele.
14:48
Thank you.
371
873000
2000
Suur tänu.
14:50
(Applause)
372
875000
2000
(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sheryl Sandberg - COO, FacebookAs the COO at the helm of Facebook, Sheryl Sandberg juggles the tasks of monetizing the world’s largest social networking site while keeping its users happy and engaged.
Why you should listen
Long before Sheryl Sandberg left Google to join Facebook as its Chief Operating Officer in 2008, she was a fan. Today she manages Facebook’s sales, marketing, business development, human resources, public policy and communications. It’s a massive job, but one well suited to Sandberg, who not only built and managed Google’s successful online sales and operations program but also served as an economist for the World Bank and Chief of Staff at the US Treasury Department. Sandberg’s experience navigating the complex and socially sensitive world of international economics has proven useful as she and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg work to strike a balance between helping Facebook users control privacy while finding ways to monetize its most valuable asset: data.
At TEDWomen in 2010 Sandberg made the bold decision to talk about the experience of being one of very few women at the C-level of business. She noted that many women, in anticipating having a family, "lean back" from leading at work. After her TED Talk took off, Sandberg wrote the book Lean In, which has spent nearly a year on the New York Times Bestseller list. Sandberg plans to release a version of the book for graduates.
Sheryl Sandberg | Speaker | TED.com