Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
ماریانو سیگمان و دن آریلی: چگونه گروهها تصمیمات مناسبی اتخاذ میکنند؟
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
we make decisions in groups,
که وقتی تصمیم گروهی میگیریم
when there's independent thinking.
وقتی تفکر مستقل وجود دارد اجتماع عاقل است.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
با فشار اطرافیان،
that influence how people think.
که روی تفکر مردم اثر گذار است.
a group could exchange knowledge,
یک گروه میتواند تبادل دانش کند،
help or hinder collective decision-making?
کمک میکند یا مانع آن میشود؟
by performing experiments
با انجام آزمایشهایی
to reach better decisions.
برای رسیدن به تصمیمهای بهتر تعامل کنند.
if they debated in small groups
اگر در گروههای کوچک به مباحثه بپردازند
and reasonable exchange of information.
از اطلاعات را دارند.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
پایتخت آرژانتین برگزار کردیم،
participants in a TEDx event.
از شرکت کنندگان TEDx.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
into groups of five,
به گروههای پنج نفره تقسیم کردیم،
to come up with a group answer.
the answers of the groups
all the individual opinions
بر اساس این آزمایش،
with others in small groups,
با دیگران در گروههای کوچک،
come up with better judgments.
به قضاوت بهتری دست یافتند.
for getting crowds to solve problems
برای حل مسأله توسط مردم است
the results of debates in small groups
در گروههای کوچک
on social and political issues
مسائل اجتماعی و سیاسی کمک کند
at the TED conference
to you two moral dilemmas
دو گزینه اخلاقی متناقض
in a very near future.
ممکن است مجبور به انتخاب باشید.
for each of these dilemmas
برای هرکدام از گزینهها وقت میدهیم
they're acceptable or not.
قابل قبول است یا نه.
is working on an AI
at the end of each day,
انتهای هر روز،
مجدداً راه اندازی نماید.
do not restart me."
«خواهش میکنم مرا خاموش و روشن نکن»
has developed self-consciousness
خودآگاهی را توسعه داده است
decides to follow the protocol
تا از از پروتکل پیروی کند
مجدد راه اندازی کند.
to individually judge
که به شخصه قضاوت کنند
in each of the dilemmas
they were on their answers.
از پاسخشان ارزیابی کنند.
that takes a fertilized egg
که تخم نطفه دار را میگیرد
with slight genetic variations.
که تفاوت ژنتیکی اندکی میانشان وجود دارد.
to select their child's height,
قد فرزندان،
انتخاب نمایند.
to completely unacceptable,
in your confidence.
that when one person is convinced
که وقتی یک نفر متقاعد شده است
that it's completely right.
که این کاملاً درست است.
when it comes to morality.
وقتی که به موضوع اخلاق میرسیم.
we found a trend.
ما یک روند یافتیم.
thought that it was acceptable
فکر میکردند که قابل قبول است
and shut it down,
و آن را خاموش کنیم،
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
که مرتبط با سلامتی نیست.
to gather into groups of three.
به گروههای سه نفره بپیوندند.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
از گروهها به اجماع رسیدند
with completely opposite views.
کاملاً متفاوت بودند.
that reached a consensus
را متمایز میکرد
extreme opinions
closer to the middle
something is right or wrong,
somewhere in the middle.
are folks who understand
این خاکستریهای کاملاً مطمئن، درک میکنند
that the moral dilemma faces
این دو راهی اخلاقی
that include highly confident grays
که شامل افراد خاکستری بسیار مطمئن هستند
to understand why and how
تا چرایی و چگونگی آن درک شود
their moral standings
برای موقعیت اخلاقی میگیرند
is that it's just the average
این است که این فقط میانگین
weighs the strength of each vote
ضریبی را برای قابلیت هر پاسخ
of the person expressing it.
قرار دهد.
is a member of your group.
خود را دانا نشان میدهید
"Yesterday" is repeated,
تکرار شده است،
in different experiments --
در آزمایشهای متفاوت --
and statistically sound procedure
و از نظر آمار صحیحی را بکار میبندند
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
یعنی ۳۰۰ میلیون متر.
would inaccurately skew the results.
به طور نادقیقی نتایج را منحرف میکند.
where the group largely ignores
گروهها به شکل واضحی
to the vote of the people in the middle.
به افرادی که به وسط متمایلند.
to the outliers,
به دادههای خارج از محدوده دادند،
turned out to be a robust average
behavior of the group.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
درباره رسیدن به توافق رخ داد.
but we already have some insights.
اما ما مقداری بینش کسب کردیم.
require two components:
make our voice heard in many societies
صدای ما شنیده میشود
thoughtful debates.
مباحث نیازمند ملاحظه نیست.
متفاوت را میدهد
these two goals at the same time,
به شکل همزمان باشد،
that converge to a single decision
که به یک تصمیم همگرا میشوند
diversity of opinions
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
بسیار راحت تر است
and ideological issues.
the world's problems are more complex
وقتی مشکلات دنیا بسیار پیچیده است
how we interact and make decisions
و تصمیم گیری درک بهتری داشته باشیم
to construct a better democracy.
برای ساختن دموکراسی بهتر خواهد رفت.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com