Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman dan Dan Ariely: Bagaimana kelompok bisa membuat keputusan bersama yang baik?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
kita harus membuat keputusan bersama
collective decisions
we make decisions in groups,
membuat keputusan dalam kelompok,
keputusan yang baik?
when there's independent thinking.
lebih bijak saat ada perbedaan pendapat
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
dapat goyah oleh pengaruh luar,
that influence how people think.
dapat mempengaruhi pola pikir kita.
a group could exchange knowledge,
sebuah kelompok dapat bertukar wawasan,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
menghalangi pengambilan keputusan bersama?
by performing experiments
dengan melakukan eksperimen
to reach better decisions.
dalam mencari keputusan yang lebih baik.
if they debated in small groups
jika berdiskusi dalam kelompok kecil
and reasonable exchange of information.
dengan lebih bijaksana dan masuk akal.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Buenos Aires, Argentina.
participants in a TEDx event.
dalam acara TEDx.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
perkiraan jawabannya.
into groups of five,
menjadi kelompok lima orang
to come up with a group answer.
memberikan jawaban per kelompok.
the answers of the groups
rataan jawaban dari kelompok peserta
all the individual opinions
rataan jawaban tiap peserta
berdasarkan dari percobaan ini,
with others in small groups,
setelah berdiskusi dalam kelompok kecil,
come up with better judgments.
penilaian yang lebih baik.
for getting crowds to solve problems
membantu peserta dalam memecahkan masalah
benar atau salah.
the results of debates in small groups
hasil diskusi dalam kelompok kecil ini
on social and political issues
dalam isu sosial dan politik
at the TED conference
pada konferensi TED
to you two moral dilemmas
dua dilema moral
in a very near future.
dalam waktu dekat.
for each of these dilemmas
untuk setiap dilema kepada Anda
they're acceptable or not.
dapat diterima atau tidak.
is working on an AI
AI (kecerdasan buatan)
at the end of each day,
di akhir setiap hari,
do not restart me."
"Tolong jangan mulai ulang saya"
has developed self-consciousness
mengembangkan kesadaran diri,
decides to follow the protocol
untuk tetap mengikuti protokol,
peneliti tersebut adalah _ ?
to individually judge
menilai secara individu
in each of the dilemmas
pada dilema tersebut
they were on their answers.
seberapa yakin mereka atas jawaban mereka.
that takes a fertilized egg
yaitu mengambil telur yang sudah dibuahi
with slight genetic variations.
dengan sedikit variasi genetik.
to select their child's height,
untuk memilih tinggi anak,
to completely unacceptable,
atau sangat salah,
in your confidence.
dengan jawaban Anda.
that when one person is convinced
di saat satu peserta yakin
that it's completely right.
memiliki keyakinan yang sebaliknya.
when it comes to morality.
sebagai manusia dalam isu moralitas.
we found a trend.
kami menemukan kecenderungan.
thought that it was acceptable
berpikir bahwa tidak apa-apa
and shut it down,
dan mematikannya,
to play with our genes
bermain-main dengan gen manusia
that aren't related to health.
yang tidak berhubungan dengan kesehatan.
to gather into groups of three.
membentuk kelompok berisi tiga orang.
untuk berdiskusi
with the gong.
saat waktu habis
reached a consensus
mencapai kesepakatan
with completely opposite views.
dengan pandangan yang benar-benar berbeda.
that reached a consensus
kelompok yang mencapai kesepakatan
extreme opinions
pendapat ekstrem
closer to the middle
lebih ke tengah
something is right or wrong,
dengan kebenaran pendapatnya.
ada kumpulan lain dari peserta
somewhere in the middle.
di suatu tempat di tengah.
are folks who understand
adalah orang yang memahami
bukan karena mereka tidak yakin,
that the moral dilemma faces
bahwa dilema moral menghadapkan
that include highly confident grays
kelompok yang diisi dengan orang-orang ini
untuk mencapai mufakat.
apa penyebabnya.
to understand why and how
tentang "mengapa" dan "bagaimana"
their moral standings
dengan keyakinan mereka
mencapai kesepakatan,
is that it's just the average
ini hanyalah rata-rata
weighs the strength of each vote
menimbang kuatnya suatu pendapat
of the person expressing it.
orang yang mengungkapkannya.
is a member of your group.
adalah anggota kelompok Anda
mengikuti pendapatnya
"Yesterday" is repeated,
jawabannya adalah sembilan.
kami terus-menerus menemukan,
in different experiments --
pada eksperimen berbeda --
and statistically sound procedure
yang cerdas dan baik secara statistik
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
tidak masuk akal yaitu 300 juta meter.
would inaccurately skew the results.
akan membuat hasilnya menjadi tidak akurat
where the group largely ignores
di mana kelompok tersebut mengabaikan
to the vote of the people in the middle.
yang masuk akal dan sesuai.
to the outliers,
jawaban yang tidak masuk akal,
turned out to be a robust average
"rataan kuat"
behavior of the group.
dari kelompok tersebut.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
apapun tentang cara mencapai kesepakatan.
but we already have some insights.
sudah memiliki beberapa pandangan.
require two components:
memerlukan dua komponen :
dan keragaman pendapat.
make our voice heard in many societies
membuat suara kita didengar di masyarakat
dapat mengungkapkan pendapatnya.
thoughtful debates.
untuk mendorong diskusi yang bijaksana.
sebuah metode yang berbeda,
these two goals at the same time,
kedua tujuan tersebut secara bersamaan,
that converge to a single decision
yang menuju pada satu keputusan tunggal,
diversity of opinions
keragaman pendapat
kelompok independen lainnya.
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
pada kasus tinggi dari Menara Eiffel
and ideological issues.
isu moral, politik, dan ideologi.
the world's problems are more complex
akan jauh lebih rumit,
how we interact and make decisions
kita berinteraksi dan mengambil keputusan,
to construct a better democracy.
untuk membangun demokrasi yang lebih baik.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com