Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
마리아노 시그먼 & 댄 아리엘리(Mariano Sigman & Dan Ariely): 집단은 어떻게 옳은 결정을 내릴까요?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
we make decisions in groups,
우리는 알고 있습니다.
옳은 결정을 내릴 수 있을까요?
when there's independent thinking.
생각할 때 현명해진다고 합니다.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
동료의 압박과 사람들의 관심
that influence how people think.
사람들의 생각에 영향을 끼칩니다.
a group could exchange knowledge,
집단은 지식을 교환하고
떠올리기도 합니다.
help or hinder collective decision-making?
도움이 될까요, 방해가 될까요?
by performing experiments
실험하기 시작했습니다.
어떻게 상호작용하는지를 알아봤습니다.
to reach better decisions.
if they debated in small groups
더 현명해질거라 생각했습니다.
and reasonable exchange of information.
이성적으로 정보를 교환하면서요.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
실험을 진행했습니다
participants in a TEDx event.
만여 명을 대상으로요.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
into groups of five,
다섯 명씩 그룹으로 나누고
to come up with a group answer.
말해달라고 얘기했죠.
the answers of the groups
그룹들의 정답을 평균내는 것이
all the individual opinions
with others in small groups,
come up with better judgments.
for getting crowds to solve problems
이 방법은 잠정적으로
the results of debates in small groups
on social and political issues
결정하는 데에도 도움이 될까요?
at the TED conference
TED 행사에서 실험해봤습니다.
to you two moral dilemmas
두 개의 도덕적 딜레마를 제시하겠습니다.
in a very near future.
결정해야 하는 것들에 대해서요.
for each of these dilemmas
20초를 드리겠습니다.
they're acceptable or not.
그렇지 않은지 판단해보세요.
is working on an AI
at the end of each day,
do not restart me."
"제발 저를 재시작하지 말아주세요."
감정을 느낄 수 있다고 합니다.
has developed self-consciousness
decides to follow the protocol
연구원은 절차를 따르기로 결정하고
to individually judge
in each of the dilemmas
묘사되어진 행동들이
they were on their answers.
얼마나 확신이 있는지도 물었습니다.
that takes a fertilized egg
with slight genetic variations.
서비스를 제공하는 기업이 있습니다.
to select their child's height,
고를 수 있게 되었습니다.
to completely unacceptable,
완전히 수용이 불가능한지
in your confidence.
확신이 있는지 평가를 해보세요.
that when one person is convinced
확신하는 사람이 있는 반면
that it's completely right.
확신하는 사람도 있었습니다.
when it comes to morality.
다양한 관점을 보여줍니다.
we found a trend.
우리는 경향성을 발견했습니다.
thought that it was acceptable
AI의 감정을 무시하고 끄는 행위를
and shut it down,
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
옳지 않다고 생각했습니다.
to gather into groups of three.
3명의 그룹으로 나눴습니다.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
with completely opposite views.
구성되었다고 할지라도 말이죠.
that reached a consensus
차이점은 무엇일까요?
extreme opinions
경향을 보입니다.
closer to the middle
something is right or wrong,
분명한 의견을 가지지 못했고
경향 역시 낮았습니다.
somewhere in the middle.
온건한 대답을 하는 사람들이죠.
are folks who understand
이해하는 사람들입니다.
중립성향을 띄는 것이 아니라
that the moral dilemma faces
믿고 있기 때문입니다.
that include highly confident grays
to understand why and how
본인의 도덕적 관점을 협상하는
their moral standings
is that it's just the average
평균을 내는 것입니다.
weighs the strength of each vote
더 큰 가중치를 두는 겁니다.
of the person expressing it.
is a member of your group.
구성원이라고 생각해보세요.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
폴을 믿는 게 좋지 않을까요?
in different experiments --
and statistically sound procedure
시행하려고 노력합니다.
of the Eiffel Tower,
그룹이 있다고 합시다.
of 300 million meters.
would inaccurately skew the results.
결과를 왜곡할 것입니다.
where the group largely ignores
to the vote of the people in the middle.
더 큰 가중치를 둠으로써 말이죠.
to the outliers,
특이치에 훨씬 적은 가중치를 두고
turned out to be a robust average
도입한 것입니다.
behavior of the group.
일어난 현상이라는 겁니다.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
도출할 수 있을까요?
but we already have some insights.
이미 짐작된는 결과가 있습니다.
require two components:
두 가지 요소를 필요로합니다.
make our voice heard in many societies
우리의 목소리가 전달되는 방식은
thoughtful debates.
장려하는 방법은 아닙니다.
these two goals at the same time,
균형을 맞출 수 있는 방법이죠.
that converge to a single decision
diversity of opinions
소그룹을 만다는 겁니다.
존재하고 있으니까요.
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
합의하는 것은
and ideological issues.
합의하는 것보다 훨씬 쉽습니다.
the world's problems are more complex
how we interact and make decisions
결정을 내리는 지 이해함으로써
to construct a better democracy.
새로운 방법이 나오기를 바랍니다.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com