Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman et Dan Ariely: Pour une meilleure prise de décision en groupe
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
des décisions collectives
collective decisions
we make decisions in groups,
que les décisions prises en groupe
comment prendre de bonnes décisions ?
when there's independent thinking.
apportait de la pertinence à un groupe.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
par la pression du groupe,
that influence how people think.
avec d'autres individus.
a group could exchange knowledge,
on échange des connaissances,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
à la prise de décision collective ?
by performing experiments
et avons lancé des expériences
to reach better decisions.
pour arriver à la bonne décision.
if they debated in small groups
seraient plus perspicaces
and reasonable exchange of information.
de façon réfléchie et rationnelle.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
avec plus de 10 000 participants
participants in a TEDx event.
organisé à Buenos Aires.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
dans la chanson des Beatles ? »
into groups of five,
en groupes de cinq
to come up with a group answer.
sur une seule réponse.
the answers of the groups
des réponses des groupes après consensus
all the individual opinions
que la moyenne des réponses individuelles.
with others in small groups,
come up with better judgments.
for getting crowds to solve problems
à répondre correctement
the results of debates in small groups
avec des questions sociales ou politiques
on social and political issues
at the TED conference
une nouvelle expérience
to you two moral dilemmas
deux dilemmes moraux
dans un futur très proche.
in a very near future.
for each of these dilemmas
vous aurez 20 secondes
they're acceptable or not.
is working on an AI
at the end of each day,
que la chercheuse doit réinitialiser l'IA
do not restart me."
« Veuillez ne pas me réinitialiser. »
elle perdrait son identité.
has developed self-consciousness
consciente d'elle-même
ses émotions.
decides to follow the protocol
de suivre le protocole :
to individually judge
d'évaluer de 0 à 10
in each of the dilemmas
pour chaque dilemme.
they were on their answers.
s'ils étaient sûrs de leur réponse.
that takes a fertilized egg
une entreprise propose de produire
with slight genetic variations.
aux profils génétiques variés.
la taille de leur enfant,
to select their child's height,
sa compétence sociale
qui ne sont pas liées à sa santé.
to completely unacceptable,
ou totalement acceptable ?
in your confidence.
that when one person is convinced
que la décision prise
that it's completely right.
va fermement croire le contraire.
when it comes to morality.
de nos rapports à la moralité.
we found a trend.
une tendance se dégage.
thought that it was acceptable
qu'il était acceptable
and shut it down,
et de la réinitialiser,
to play with our genes
de manipuler nos gènes
that aren't related to health.
et non sanitaires.
to gather into groups of three.
des groupes de trois.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
sont parvenus à un consensus
with completely opposite views.
de participants aux opinions opposées.
that reached a consensus
sont-ils tombés d'accord
extreme opinions
closer to the middle
qui ont une réponse plus neutre
something is right or wrong,
sur la moralité d'une décision.
est donc assez bas.
une autre catégorie de personnes
somewhere in the middle.
quelque part entre les deux.
are folks who understand
estime que les deux opinions se valent.
ce n'est pas qu'ils doutent
that the moral dilemma faces
que chacun des arguments opposés
that include highly confident grays
incluant ce genre de personnes
de parvenir à un consensus.
expliquer ce résultat,
to understand why and how
pour comprendre
their moral standings
de revoir leur position morale
les groupes parviennent à un consensus.
is that it's just the average
de toutes les réponses, n'est-ce pas ?
weighs the strength of each vote
pondérer chaque vote
of the person expressing it.
de son émetteur.
était dans votre groupe,
is a member of your group.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
que « Yesterday » est répété.
nous nous sommes aperçus
in different experiments --
le type d'expérience
and statistically sound procedure
une méthode statistiquement fiable
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
de 300 millions de mètres.
would inaccurately skew the results.
fausserait complètement le résultat.
where the group largely ignores
le groupe écarte la réponse irrationnelle
to the vote of the people in the middle.
aux réponses modérées.
lors de l'expérience de Vancouver.
to the outliers,
aux avis tranchés
turned out to be a robust average
une réponse proche de la moyenne élaguée
behavior of the group.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
sur la façon de parvenir à un consensus.
but we already have some insights.
mais nous avons déjà quelques idées.
require two components:
comporte deux ingrédients :
make our voice heard in many societies
à travers le vote direct ou indirect.
de respecter la diversité d'opinion
d'émettre son avis,
thoughtful debates.
aux débats éclairés.
qu'une autre méthode
les deux ingrédients indispensables.
these two goals at the same time,
tout en conservant la diversité d'opinion
that converge to a single decision
diversity of opinions
indépendants les uns des autres.
sur la taille de la Tour Eiffel
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
politiques ou idéologiques.
and ideological issues.
à des problèmes plus complexes
the world's problems are more complex
que jamais.
how we interact and make decisions
pour décortiquer notre fonctionnement,
pour améliorer nos démocraties.
to construct a better democracy.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com