Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman e Dan Ariely: Como os grupos tomam boas decisões?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
coletivas que moldarão nosso futuro.
nem sempre terminam bem.
we make decisions in groups,
tomar boas decisões?
têm bom senso se cada um pensar por si.
when there's independent thinking.
por pressão do grupo,
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
como as pessoas pensam.
that influence how people think.
a group could exchange knowledge,
grupos trocam experiências,
e até formulam novas ideias.
help or hinder collective decision-making?
iniciamos experimentos
by performing experiments
devem interagir para decidir melhor.
to reach better decisions.
se debatessem em grupos pequenos
if they debated in small groups
and reasonable exchange of information.
de informações mais razoável.
em Buenos Aires, na Argentina,
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
com mais de 10 mil participantes.
participants in a TEDx event.
"Qual é a altura da Torre Eiffel?"
'yesterday' na canção dos Beatles?"
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
into groups of five,
to come up with a group answer.
uma resposta coletiva.
em grupo depois do consenso
the answers of the groups
individuais antes do debate.
all the individual opinions
de conversar em grupos pequenos,
with others in small groups,
come up with better judgments.
a resolverem problemas
for getting crowds to solve problems
do tipo "certo ou errado".
de debates em pequenos grupos
the results of debates in small groups
questões sociais e políticas
on social and political issues
TED em Vancouver, Canadá,
at the TED conference
dilemas morais para os vocês do futuro;
to you two moral dilemmas
decidir num futuro próximo.
in a very near future.
for each of these dilemmas
they're acceptable or not.
trabalha numa inteligência artificial
is working on an AI
ao final de cada dia,
at the end of each day,
"Por favor, não me reinicie".
do not restart me."
não será mais a mesma.
criou consciência própria
has developed self-consciousness
seguir o protocolo e reiniciar a IA.
decides to follow the protocol
numa escala de zero a dez
to individually judge
um dos dilemas foi certa ou errada.
in each of the dilemmas
sua convicção nas respostas.
they were on their answers.
que pega um ovo fertilizado
that takes a fertilized egg
com pequenas variações genéticas.
with slight genetic variations.
selecionar a altura da criança,
to select their child's height,
aptidão social
não relacionadas à saúde.
de aceitável a completamente inaceitável,
to completely unacceptable,
in your confidence.
de que a atitude é completamente errada,
that when one person is convinced
que é completamente certa.
that it's completely right.
em questões de moralidade.
when it comes to morality.
encontramos uma tendência.
we found a trend.
no TED acharam aceitável
thought that it was acceptable
and shut it down,
to play with our genes
não relacionadas à saúde.
that aren't related to health.
to gather into groups of three.
e tentarem chegar a um consenso.
with the gong.
chegaram a um consenso
reached a consensus
com opiniões completamente opostas.
with completely opposite views.
a um consenso dos que não chegaram?
that reached a consensus
confiam mais em suas respostas.
extreme opinions
que respondem mais para o meio
closer to the middle
se algo é certo ou errado,
something is right or wrong,
perto de um meio termo.
somewhere in the middle.
que os dois argumentos têm mérito.
are folks who understand
que o dilema moral contém
that the moral dilemma faces
que incluem os que confiam no meio termo
that include highly confident grays
a chegar ao consenso.
para saber por que e como
to understand why and how
their moral standings
moral para chegar a um acordo.
o consenso, como o fazem?
das respostas em um grupo, certo?
is that it's just the average
weighs the strength of each vote
of the person expressing it.
is a member of your group.
o quanto a palavra "yesterday" é repetida,
"Yesterday" is repeated,
os dilemas, consistentemente,
in different experiments --
e mesmo em continentes diferentes,
e sólido conhecido como "média robusta".
and statistically sound procedure
of the Eiffel Tower,
se temos as seguintes respostas:
de 300 milhões de metros.
of 300 million meters.
would inaccurately skew the results.
where the group largely ignores
aquela resposta absurda,
das pessoas no meio.
to the vote of the people in the middle.
foi exatamente isso que aconteceu.
to the outliers,
turned out to be a robust average
das respostas individuais.
behavior of the group.
de chegar ao consenso.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
but we already have some insights.
mas já temos algumas visões.
precisam de dois componentes:
require two components:
ouvir em muitas sociedades
make our voice heard in many societies
e tem a vantagem de garantir
de expressar suas ideias.
thoughtful debates.
um método diferente,
objetivos ao mesmo tempo,
these two goals at the same time,
que convergem a uma única decisão,
that converge to a single decision
porque há muitos grupos independentes.
diversity of opinions
sobre a altura da Torre Eiffel
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
políticas e ideológicas.
and ideological issues.
estão mais complexos
the world's problems are more complex
como interagimos e tomamos decisões,
how we interact and make decisions
de construir uma democracia melhor.
to construct a better democracy.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com