Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman e Dan Ariely: Como é que os grupos tomar boas decisões?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
decisões em conjunto
we make decisions in groups,
tomamos decisões em grupo,
podem tomar boas decisões?
que as multidões são sensatas
when there's independent thinking.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
destruída pela pressão dos pares,
pelas redes sociais,
that influence how people think.
influenciam a forma de pensar das pessoas.
a group could exchange knowledge,
um grupo pode partilhar conhecimentos,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
ou prejudica a tomada de decisão coletiva?
by performing experiments
a questão fazendo experiências
to reach better decisions.
que os grupos podem interagir
seriam mais sensatas
if they debated in small groups
and reasonable exchange of information.
mais ponderadas e profundas.
em Buenos Aires, na Argentina,
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
participants in a TEDx event.
participantes num evento da TEDx.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
a palavra 'yesterday'
into groups of five,
em grupos de cinco,
to come up with a group answer.
chegassem a uma resposta em grupo.
the answers of the groups
das respostas dos grupos,
a um consenso,
all the individual opinions
a média das opiniões individuais
com base nesta experiência,
with others in small groups,
em pequenos grupos,
come up with better judgments.
melhores opiniões em conjunto.
for getting crowds to solve problems
grandes grupos resolverem problemas
que ou está certa ou errada.
os resultados de grupos pequenos
the results of debates in small groups
on social and political issues
em questões sociais e políticas
at the TED conference
na conferência TED
to you two moral dilemmas
dois dilemas morais
in a very near future.
num futuro muito próximo.
for each of these dilemmas
para cada um dos dilemas
they're acceptable or not.
is working on an AI
um robô inteligente
at the end of each day,
no final de cada dia,
do not restart me."
"Não me reinicies, por favor."
deixará de ser ele mesmo.
has developed self-consciousness
desenvolveu consciência própria
sentimentos próprios.
decides to follow the protocol
decide seguir o protocolo
to individually judge
para avaliar individualmente
in each of the dilemmas
they were on their answers.
o grau de confiança nas suas respostas.
that takes a fertilized egg
que, a partir de um óvulo fertilizado,
with slight genetic variations.
com pequenas variações genéticas.
to select their child's height,
a altura do filho,
a competência social
não relacionadas com a saúde.
to completely unacceptable,
ou inaceitável,
in your confidence.
com toda a confiança.
that when one person is convinced
quando uma pessoa está convencida
that it's completely right.
que é totalmente correto.
when it comes to morality.
são no que toca à moral.
we found a trend.
encontrámos uma tendência.
thought that it was acceptable
achou que era aceitável
e desligá-lo,
and shut it down,
to play with our genes
brincar com os nossos genes
that aren't related to health.
sem ligação à saúde.
to gather into groups of three.
que fizessem grupos de três.
with the gong.
eu aviso-vos com o gongo.
chegaram a um consenso
reached a consensus
with completely opposite views.
com opiniões completamente opostas.
that reached a consensus
que chegaram a um consenso
extreme opinions
com opiniões extremadas
respostas próximas do centro
closer to the middle
something is right or wrong,
se alguma coisa está certa ou errada
são mais baixos.
somewhere in the middle.
ao responder na zona central.
are folks who understand
são pessoas que compreendem
por não terem a certeza,
that the moral dilemma faces
que o dilema moral
that include highly confident grays
que incluem mais "cinzentos" confiantes
de chegar a um consenso.
porque é que assim é.
to understand why and how
para compreender porquê e como
negociar as suas posições morais
their moral standings
a um consenso,
is that it's just the average
é que se trata de uma média
weighs the strength of each vote
determina o peso de cada voto
of the person expressing it.
da pessoa que o expressa.
é um membro do vosso grupo.
is a member of your group.
aceitar a resposta dele
que se repete "yesterday",
"Yesterday" is repeated,
constatámos repetidamente
em experiências diferentes,
in different experiments --
and statistically sound procedure
inteligente, suportado pela estatística
of the Eiffel Tower,
dá estas respostas:
of 300 million meters.
de 300 milhões de metros.
would inaccurately skew the results.
iria distorcer os resultados.
where the group largely ignores
praticamente ignora
to the vote of the people in the middle.
ao voto das pessoas no meio.
to the outliers,
importância aos extremos,
turned out to be a robust average
acabou por ser uma média robusta
behavior of the group.
espontâneo do grupo.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
para chegarem a um consenso.
but we already have some insights.
mas já temos algumas ideias.
require two components:
necessitam de dois componentes:
make our voice heard in many societies
a forma de nos fazermos ouvir
as suas opiniões.
thoughtful debates.
promover debates aprofundados.
um método diferente
these two goals at the same time,
destes dois objetivos,
that converge to a single decision
que convergem para uma única decisão
diversity of opinions
a diversidade de opiniões
vários grupos independentes.
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
a um acordo quanto à altura da Torre Eiffel
and ideological issues.
morais, políticos e ideológicos.
the world's problems are more complex
os problemas do mundo são mais complexos
how we interact and make decisions
para nos ajudar a entender
to construct a better democracy.
para construirmos uma melhor democracia.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com