Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman och Dan Ariely: Hur kan grupper fatta bra beslut?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
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collective decisions
we make decisions in groups,
when there's independent thinking.
när de tänker självständigt.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
förstöras av grupptryck,
that influence how people think.
som påverkar människors tänkande.
a group could exchange knowledge,
genom att prata utbyta kunskap,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
från att ta beslut?
by performing experiments
genom att utföra experiment
to reach better decisions.
kan kommunicera för att nå bättre beslut.
if they debated in small groups
om de diskuterade i smågrupper
and reasonable exchange of information.
och rimligt utbyte av information.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
i Buenos Aires, Argentina,
participants in a TEDx event.
under en TEDx-konferens.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
hör man ordet "Yesterday"
into groups of five,
i grupper av fem,
to come up with a group answer.
ett gemensamt svar.
the answers of the groups
var svaren i grupperna,
när man frågade efter individuella svar
all the individual opinions
with others in small groups,
med andra i smågrupper
come up with better judgments.
göra bättre bedömningar.
for getting crowds to solve problems
att få grupper att lösa problem
the results of debates in small groups
från diskussioner i smågrupper
on social and political issues
i sociala och politiska tvister
at the TED conference
to you two moral dilemmas
två moraliska dilemman
in a very near future.
inom en nära framtid.
for each of these dilemmas
they're acceptable or not.
ifall de är acceptabla eller ej.
is working on an AI
at the end of each day,
i slutet av varje dag.
do not restart me."
"Snälla, ställ inte om mig."
has developed self-consciousness
har utvecklat individualitet
decides to follow the protocol
att följa reglerna
to individually judge
att individuellt bedöma
in each of the dilemmas
they were on their answers.
hur säkra de var på sina svar.
that takes a fertilized egg
där de tar ett befruktat ägg
with slight genetic variations.
av embryon med små genetiska variationer.
to select their child's height,
sina barns längd,
to completely unacceptable,
in your confidence.
helt acceptabelt enligt dig.
that when one person is convinced
att när en person är övertygad
that it's completely right.
att det är helt rätt.
when it comes to morality.
när det kommer till moral.
we found a trend.
hittade vi en trend.
tyckte att det var acceptabelt
thought that it was acceptable
och att stänga av den,
and shut it down,
to play with our genes
that aren't related to health.
som inte är relaterade till hälsa.
to gather into groups of three.
att skapa grupper med tre i varje.
with the gong.
med gonggongen.
reached a consensus
nått ett beslut
with completely opposite views.
med helt olika syn på saken.
that reached a consensus
som nådde ett gemensamt beslut
extreme opinions
closer to the middle
something is right or wrong,
om något är rätt eller fel,
somewhere in the middle.
någonstans i mitten.
are folks who understand
förstår att båda argumenten har en poäng.
that the moral dilemma faces
att det moraliska dilemmat
motstridiga argument.
that include highly confident grays
självsäkra grå mellanväljare
to understand why and how
för att förstå varför och hur
sina moraliska ställningstaganden
their moral standings
is that it's just the average
är att det blir den genomsnittliga
weighs the strength of each vote
väger styrkan i varje röst
of the person expressing it.
personen som talar har.
is a member of your group.
är en medlem i din grupp.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
"Yesterday" upprepas,
in different experiments --
and statistically sound procedure
och statistiskt bra procedur
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
som lyder 300 miljoner meter.
would inaccurately skew the results.
kan ge ett osant och skevt resultat.
where the group largely ignores
är då gruppen i stort sett ignorerar
to the vote of the people in the middle.
människorna i mitten hade.
till experimentet i Vancouver,
to the outliers,
på de avvikande
turned out to be a robust average
ett "robust medelvärde"
var ett spontant beteende av gruppen.
behavior of the group.
några ledtrådar om hur man når ett beslut.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
but we already have some insights.
men vi har redan några slutsatser.
require two components:
make our voice heard in many societies
gör vi vanligtvis våra röster hörda
thoughtful debates.
tankfulla diskussioner.
these two goals at the same time,
på en och samma gång,
that converge to a single decision
som strålar samman till ett enda beslut
diversity of opinions
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
höjden av Eiffeltornet
and ideological issues.
eller ideologiska tvister.
the world's problems are more complex
är mer komplexa
how we interact and make decisions
hur vi samtalar och fattar beslut
to construct a better democracy.
att skapa bättre demokratier.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com