Mariano Sigman and Dan Ariely: How can groups make good decisions?
Mariano Sigman e Dan Ariely: Come possono i gruppi prendere buone decisioni?
In his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain. Full bioDan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
collective decisions
prendere decisioni collettive
we make decisions in groups,
si prendono decisioni di gruppo
delle buone decisioni?
when there's independent thinking.
in presenza di pensiero indipendente.
can be destroyed by peer pressure,
può essere demolita da pressioni,
that influence how people think.
che influenzano il pensiero delle persone.
a group could exchange knowledge,
parlando, scambiare conoscenza,
help or hinder collective decision-making?
o ostacola il prendere delle decisioni?
by performing experiments
su questo, facendo degli esperimenti
to reach better decisions.
interagire arrivando a decisioni migliori.
più sagge se divise in piccoli gruppi
if they debated in small groups
and reasonable exchange of information.
più ponderato e ragionevole.
in Buenos Aires, Argentina,
a Buenos Aires, in Argentina,
participants in a TEDx event.
a un evento TEDx.
does the word 'Yesterday' appear
la parola 'Yesterday'
into groups of five,
in gruppi di cinque,
to come up with a group answer.
una decisione di gruppo.
the answers of the groups
delle risposte dei gruppi
all the individual opinions
delle risposte individuali
secondo questo esperimento,
with others in small groups,
con altre persone in piccoli gruppi,
come up with better judgments.
migliori insieme.
for getting crowds to solve problems
che la gente riesca a trovare soluzioni
the results of debates in small groups
on social and political issues
su questioni sociali e politiche
at the TED conference
a una conferenza TED
to you two moral dilemmas
due dilemmi morali
in a very near future.
dover decidere molto presto.
for each of these dilemmas
they're acceptable or not.
siano accettabili o meno.
is working on an AI
sta lavorando ad un'IA
at the end of each day,
alla fine di ogni giorno,
do not restart me."
"Per favore, non riavviarmi."
has developed self-consciousness
una coscienza di se stessa
decides to follow the protocol
decide di seguire il protocollo
ai partecipanti di giudicare da soli
to individually judge
in each of the dilemmas
in entrambi i dilemmi
they were on their answers.
quanto erano convinti della loro risposta.
that takes a fertilized egg
che utilizza un uovo fertilizzato
with slight genetic variations.
con leggere variazioni genetiche.
to select their child's height,
di scegliere l'altezza,
la competenza sociale
alla salute del bambino.
to completely unacceptable,
a totalmente sbagliato,
in your confidence.
sicuro della tua scelta.
that when one person is convinced
che quando una persona è convinta
è totalmente errato
that it's completely right.
che è completamente giusto.
when it comes to morality.
quando si tratta di moralità.
we found a trend.
abbiamo trovato un trend.
thought that it was acceptable
pensava fosse ragionevole
and shut it down,
to play with our genes
giocare con i nostri geni
that aren't related to health.
non connesse alla salute del bambino.
to gather into groups of three.
di unirsi in gruppi di tre.
with the gong.
reached a consensus
un consenso
with completely opposite views.
da persone con idee opposte.
that reached a consensus
che avevano trovato un accordo
extreme opinions
che hanno opinioni estreme
closer to the middle
era più vicina alla metà
something is right or wrong,
che una cosa sia giusta o sbagliata,
somewhere in the middle.
qualcosa che sta intorno alla metà.
are folks who understand
nella zona grigia capiscano
non perché sono insicuri
that the moral dilemma faces
che il dilemma morale consiste
that include highly confident grays
che comprendevano queste persone
di raggiungere un consenso.
to understand why and how
per capire perché e come
their moral standings
di negoziare i loro valori morali
raggiungono un consenso,
is that it's just the average
è che è solo la media
weighs the strength of each vote
che il gruppo pesa ogni voto
della persona che l'ha espresso.
of the person expressing it.
facesse parte del vostro gruppo.
is a member of your group.
"Yesterday" is repeated,
'Yesterday' viene ripetuta
in different experiments --
nei diversi esperimenti --
and statistically sound procedure
intelligente e statisticamente solida
of the Eiffel Tower,
of 300 million meters.
ad esempio 300 milioni di metri.
would inaccurately skew the results.
il numero risultante in modo impreciso.
where the group largely ignores
è quando il gruppo ignora
to the vote of the people in the middle.
delle persone in mezzo.
to the outliers,
minor valore alle anomalie,
turned out to be a robust average
essere una media robusta
behavior of the group.
any hint on how to reach consensus.
alcun consiglio
but we already have some insights.
ma abbiamo già qualche opinione.
require two components:
richiedono due componenti:
make our voice heard in many societies
solitamente sentire la nostra voce
thoughtful debates.
dibattiti ponderati.
suggeriscono un metodo diverso
contemporaneamente questi due obiettivi,
these two goals at the same time,
that converge to a single decision
che arrivano a una singola decisione
diversity of opinions
on the height of the Eiffel Tower
d'accordo sull'altezza della Torre Eiffel
and ideological issues.
politiche e ideologiche.
the world's problems are more complex
del mondo sono più complessi
how we interact and make decisions
come interagiamo e prendiamo decisioni
per creare una migliore democrazia.
to construct a better democracy.
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mariano Sigman - NeuroscientistIn his provocative, mind-bending book "The Secret Life of the Mind," neuroscientist Mariano Sigman reveals his life’s work exploring the inner workings of the human brain.
Why you should listen
Mariano Sigman, a physicist by training, is a leading figure in the cognitive neuroscience of learning and decision making. Sigman was awarded a Human Frontiers Career Development Award, the National Prize of Physics, the Young Investigator Prize of "College de France," the IBM Scalable Data Analytics Award and is a scholar of the James S. McDonnell Foundation. In 2016 he was made a Laureate of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
In The Secret Life of the Mind, Sigman's ambition is to explain the mind so that we can understand ourselves and others more deeply. He shows how we form ideas during our first days of life, how we give shape to our fundamental decisions, how we dream and imagine, why we feel certain emotions, how the brain transforms and how who we are changes with it. Spanning biology, physics, mathematics, psychology, anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and medicine, as well as gastronomy, magic, music, chess, literature and art, The Secret Life of the Mind revolutionizes how neuroscience serves us in our lives, revealing how the infinity of neurons inside our brains manufacture how we perceive, reason, feel, dream and communicate.
Mariano Sigman | Speaker | TED.com
Dan Ariely - Behavioral economist
The dismal science of economics is not as firmly grounded in actual behavior as was once supposed. In "Predictably Irrational," Dan Ariely told us why.
Why you should listen
Dan Ariely is a professor of psychology and behavioral economics at Duke University and a founding member of the Center for Advanced Hindsight. He is the author of the bestsellers Predictably Irrational, The Upside of Irrationality, and The Honest Truth About Dishonesty -- as well as the TED Book Payoff: The Hidden Logic that Shapes Our Motivations.
Through his research and his (often amusing and unorthodox) experiments, he questions the forces that influence human behavior and the irrational ways in which we often all behave.
Dan Ariely | Speaker | TED.com